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Archaeological
ISSN 2224-8722 Archaeological THE JOURNAL OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, MALTA ISSUE 10, 2010-2011 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Archaeological Society, Malta was founded in 1993 and is a registered Voluntary Organisation (V /0 195). It is formed of members with a genuine interest in archaeology in general and that of the Maltese Islands in particular. Anyone with such an interest, whether a professional archaeologist or not, is welcome to join. The Society is concerned with all matters pertaining to archaeology. One of its principal objectives is to promote and enhance the study of archaeology at all levels. It believes that it is only when there is a sufficient interest in, and understanding of, our archaeological heritage among the public at large, that this priceless heritage can be protected and preserved. The Society organizes meetings and seminars, which are open to the public, as well as site visits both in the Maltese Islands and abroad. It publishes the Malta Archaeological Review, a peer-reviewed journal devoted to articles, reports, notes and reviews relating to current research on the archaeology of the Maltese Islands. The Society endeavours to maintain close relations with Heritage Malta, with the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage, and also the Department of Classics and Archaeology of the University of Malta and to support their activities. Official address: Application for membership and all correspondence should be addressed to: The Archaeological Society, Malta The Hon. Secretary c!o Department of Classics and Archaeology Ms Ann Gingell Littlejohn B.A.(Hons), B.A. University of Malta Dar 1-Irdoss Msida MSD 2080 112, Triq il-Memel MALTA Swieqi SWQ 3052 MALTA [email protected] For online membership, access website at: www.archsoc.org.mt '------. -
JOHN D. EVANS John Davies Evans 1925–2011
JOHN D. EVANS John Davies Evans 1925–2011 JOHN D. EVANS was one of the leading British prehistorians of the later twentieth century. His early research on Malta transformed Maltese pre- history, culminating in The Prehistoric Antiquities of the Maltese Islands, which established the culture sequence of prehistoric Malta and provided a definitive account of the great monuments of Malta, including the ‘tem- ples’, fully sustained by later work. His excavations in the neolithic levels at the great settlement mound at Knossos in Crete, in five seasons between 1958 and 1970, established this as one of the earliest farming settlements in Europe, and his published papers illuminated a number of aspects of Mediterranean prehistory. Appointed Professor of Prehistoric European Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology in London at the early age of 31 and succeeding to the position of Director in 1973, he oversaw much of its gradual transformation from a small graduate research institute (and the re-organisation which made it part of University College London), to what by the time of his retirement in 1989 had become the largest depart- ment of archaeology in the United Kingdom. A Fellow of the British Academy from 1973, he was President of the Prehistoric Society from 1974 to 1978, President of the Society of Antiquaries of London from 1984 to 1987, and President of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences from 1981 to 1986. His kindness and his unassum- ing manner are fondly remembered by many generations of Institute graduates and by many fellow prehistorians. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy, XIV, 141–163. -
Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta and Italy
World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 302-311 14 Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta and Italy Simon Stoddart 14.1 Introduction Some 859 objects in the Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) collections are from Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta and Italy. This chapter provides overviews of the collections from Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta (14.2.1) and Italy (14.2.2), and accounts of the main collectors (14.3). A discussion of the research potential of the Maltese ceramics from the Tarxien Period (14.4) is followed by brief conclusions (14.5). 14.2 Collections Overview 14.2.1 Malta The Neolithic and Bronze Age Maltese collection comprises c. 385 artefacts, and is representative of the research activity in Malta up to the 1920s when it was assembled, with the important exception of figurative sculpture and large-scale material of which there are no known collections outside Malta. Most of this collection (c. 214 objects; 1916.38.1–69, 1918.16.50–53, 1920.24.1–55, 1927.41.1–27) was excavated by Themistocles Zammit, the founder of modern Maltese Archaeology, which adds to the significance of the collection. Further material appears to have been collected by Henry Balfour, the Curator of the PRM, himself (1916.37.1–122). The collections consist principally of Neolithic pottery and stone tools (Table 14.1), but also include 6 bone and shell beads (1916.38.54, 1916.38.64–65, 1916.38.67, 1927.41.23–24), 2 distinctive V-shaped shell buttons (1916.38.55, 1927.41.22), a globigerina stone weightArchaeopress (1916.37.104) and a stone ball (1916.37.83). -
John Davies Evans
John Davies Evans Liverpool, Grã-Bretanha: 22 de janeiro de 1925 Grã-Bretanha: 4 de julho de 2011 Reconhecido em primeiro lugar pela sua monumental obra sobre o Megalitismo em Malta, publicada em 1971 (The Prehistoric Antiquities of the Maltese Islands, a Survey), John Evans foi um notável pré- historiador inglês, com relevante contribuição para a compreensão dos processos de complexificação social, económica e tecnológica no Mediterrâneo, durante o Holocénico. Com apenas 31 anos de idade, sucedeu a Gordon Childe como professor de pré-história europeia no Instituto de Arqueologia de Londres (hoje integrado na Universidade de Londres – UCL), de que viria a ser diretor. Membro da Academia Britânica, foi presidente da Prehistoric Society (1974-78), da Society of Antiquaries of London (1984-87) e da União Internacional das Ciências Pré-Históricas e Proto-Históricas (1981-86). Quando ocorreu a cisão na UISPP, tentou evitar que esta ocorresse, embora sem sucesso, e rejeitou participar na criação do World Archaeological Congress, tendo-se ao mesmo tempo demitido da União. Muito influenciado por Grahame Clark e orientado por Glyn Daniel, foi por sugestão deste que, em 1950, veio para a Península Ibérica, estudar a cultura de El Argar e testar as hipóteses difusionistas de Gordon Childe. É neste contexto que visitaria Portugal, tendo mantido contacto com o casal Leisner, participando depois em escavações em Jericó, no Médio Oriente, e reconhecido a impossibilidade de documentar, nos locais visitados, uma relação inequívoca entre ambos os extremos do Mediterrâneo. A partir de 1952 inicia os estudos em Malta, tendo demonstrado a sua correlação preferencial com o Mediterrâneo Central e a dinâmica insular, e não com o Médio Oriente (ainda que admitisse contactos e influências provenientes de Creta, tendo escavado em Knossos, mais tarde), no que constituiu um primeiro questionamento global dos modelos difusionistas inspirados em Gordon Childe, com base na conjugação do estudo da estratigrafia com a análise tecnológica das estruturas e artefactos.