Newbould and Barnum (1956) found In an experiment on the control of that a farm using a chlorine compound'' staphylococci on the udder skin, 1:5,000 for udder washing and teat cup dip chlorhexidine was used as an udder ping had much larger numbers of wash in one group of cows, using a staphylococci on the teat cup liners separate udder cloth for each cow, and than 2 farms which used chlorhexidine. the milking unit was flushed with run The farm using chlorhexidine at 400 ning water after each cow was milked. p.p.m. had an average count several In the control group, the udders were times lower than that using the same washed with water, again using a sep substance at 250 p.p.m. Since there arate cloth for each cow, and the milk , was little difference between the 3 ing unit was transferred directly with herds in the number of staphylococci out rinsing. being shed in the milk, these authors This combination of precautions re concluded that chief source of contam duced the number of staphylococci ination of the liners was the teat skin found on the udder surface in the ex and that clorhexidine was effective in perimental group to less than one reducing the numbers found there. eighth that in the control group. To test these hypotheses they In a further experiment, the cows changed the disinfectant used for ud were exposed to donor animals shed der washing to chlorhexidine on the ding a particular strain of staphylo first farm and to the chlorine com coccus in the milk. The donors were pound on one of the others, while leav milked first and the same precautions ing the teat-cup dipping procedure un were taken in the experimental group. changed. This was followed by a sub The introduced staphylococcus caused stantial and rapid fall in the number mastitis in 5 of the 9 control cows but of staphylococci on the liners of the in none of those in the experimental first farm and a rise in that on the group. As in the first experiment, liners of the second. there was a marked reduction in the Confirmation of the efficacy of chlor number of staphylococci on the udder hexidine as an udder wash was ob surface in the experimental group. tained by the present author in experi Thus, in these experiments, a com ments with monozygous twins (Re bination of antibacterial udder wash, ports, 1958 and 1959). The object of individual udder cloths and rinsing the these experiments was to determine milking unit with running cold water whether sufficiently rigorous hygienic after milking each cow was effective precautions at milking time would ef in controlling the spread of infection fectively control the transmission of and reducing the amount of mastitis. staphylococci.
Davidson, Ian: Staphylococcal mastitis: its epidemiology, V eter I I ' ' ~ ~ Ch e mi c al al Indu st ri s s e Limit e d . . U.S in in . A. A. by by a · rran ge m e nt nt wi t h h Imp e rial rial · ' ' l l Laboratori s e , , Fort Fort Dod ge , , Iowa . . Mad e e • • •An •An e xclusiv e e product product of of Fort Fort Dod ge ge pl as ti c c co nt a in e r s . . Publi s h e d d lit e r a tu r e e on on r e qu es t. t. conc e ntrat e d d fmm fmm (f or or dilution dilution 1:! 1:! of of t o o o l z. z. p e r r ga llon llon o f f wa t e r ) ) in in l- ga llon llon 1 N oL i s s VA ava S AN AN il a bl e e throu g h h ve t e rin ar i a n s s e v e r y wh e r e . . It It i s s suppli e d d in in e ff e ctiv e e than than e ith e t r y r o thricin thricin oi · · a criflavin e e a ga in s t t T r i c homonas homonas fo e tu s. s. It It is is al s o o s up e rior rior to to s tr e ptom yc in in aga in s t t Vi bri o_fo e t u s s a nd nd h as as b ee f n o und und mor e e polyvin y lp y rrolidon e e compl ex , , wh e t n es t e d d in in th e e pr e s e n ce ce of of nutri e nt nt m e dia . . c hlorid e, e, c a ombin a tion tion of of a-ph e n y l- a nd nd p-t e r t - a mph y lph e nol , , a nd nd a n n iodin e In In g e n e r a l , , NoL sho VASA VASA w s s g r ea t e r r a ntib ac t e ri a l l a cti v ity ity th a b n e n za lkonium lkonium • • not not inhibit inhibit h e alin g g of of c uts , , a br as i o n o s r r c h a pp e d d s kin kin s urfac es. es. prov e n n it it to to b e e nontoxi c c t o o ca ttl e e wh e n n us e d d in in r ec omm e nd e d d dilution s. s. do It It e s s 5 . 30 30 a g ain s t t Salmon e lla lla typh os a , , both both a cut e e a nd nd c hroni c c t ox i c it s y tudi es es h a v e e Althou g h h it it has has a a ph e nol nol coe ffici e nt nt of of 500 500 aga in s t t Mi c r ococc u s s p y oge n es es a nd nd ha s s b ee n n s hown hown to to p e r s i s t t in in pr ese n ce ce o f f milk , , bl o od od a nd nd oth e r r o r ga nic nic m a tt e r. r. action action against against 99 % % of of b a ct e ri a a pr e s e nt nt w a s s c ompl e t e e within within 5 5 minut as. as. Efficac y y static static studi e s s show show inhibition inhibition a t t dilution s s of of l l : 50 , 000 000 I I l : : 1 , 000 , 000. 000. B ac t e ricidal ricidal against against a a wid e e rang e e of of g r a m - positiv a e nd nd g r a m - n ega ti v e e o r ga ni s ms. ms. B a ct er-io a a relatively relatively n e w w sy nth e tic tic ch e mical mical w hich hich ex hibit s s m a rk e d d a ntib a ct e ri a l l a ctivit y y NoLVASA is is a a 2 % % N N solution solution of of chlorh ex idin e ( ( e bi s -p- c hlor o ph e n y ldi g u a nidoh ex an e) , , UNIQUE UNIQUE AMONG AMONG DISINFECTANTS DISINFECTANTS ( ( chlor chlor hexidine) hexidine) Nolvasan Nolvasan -' •' • ' unless you own th e ADVANCED MILK CRYOSCOPE Used fo r routine sc ree ning of added water it ca n save you from $5,000 to $25,000 a yea r. This simple, inexpen sive inst rument fo ll ows th e official AOAC, Standard APHA, and MIF methods mo re closely than any o th er equipment. Run a 100 sa mple water survey of your milk today. Reques t details, ca ll collect if you like- or write , for literaturpe and rices . .ADV.IlNCED Big Man INSTRUMENTS, INC. 43 KENNETH STREET 617 - DEcatur 2-8200 • •• IN YOUR FUTURE AND OURS NEWTON H IGHLANDS 6 1. MASSACHUSETTS Insuring a dependable supply of pure, fresh milk for growing America is a responsibility Heil shares with you and the entire dairy industry. We take this responsibility seriously, and the record proves it. For over 25 years, Heil has pioneered major N&;.. wALl. advancements in the sanitary design of milk stor fA~ ~, ..." .. ,, ... age and transport tanks. We think it's one im portant reason why more milk goes to market in SILO Heil tanks than in all others combined! STYLE STORAGE RHRIGEII AHON '"' TBEHEI TANKS INSUt~ Ml LWA U KEE, WISCONSIN $~ New· plastic pick-up· tank underscores Heil leadership . . . CLEANING - IN-PLACE The s l anted walls ot this n e~ superior insulation for g·reater protection . . . large-radius s ilo sty le milk storage tank corners for easier, more sanitary. cleanout. provi d e positive, b e tter C.l.P. t o r:~ e et sanitation requiremen t s. GRAV ITY+ TAPER= FORCEFUL CASCADE The typical Taper-W a l l ~ ADDITIONAL POSITIVE FORCE a i lk storage tank /f/' TO CASCADING SOLUTION ~~21S2ll~.ak-,QCJ i ! lust rated above ha s - , . . ._:-: . ~,. ·. ~ :n1i:~eetiegrh tfof12SOfe;etet. Drawing a t Drawing at l eft shovs left shows _· · ~-. ~ < - ~ ~ .'-. - ~ The p roduct contact su r- t ypical ver how new . · · · · face is s tainless s teel tical wall Taper-Wa ll ~dtha :\o, 4 fini s h. reaction to reacts to l cleaning so c 1 eani ng '!he slanted sides of t he Tape r-Wall lution , solution, 1nsure adherence to the s ur f ace and I provide additional fo rce to th e cas ~ ading clean1n~ ~elution , result i ng In vertical vall structure , the tn g reater efflc1encr and positive cleaning soluti on falls parallel c I eani ng- in-pI ace , to the walls, I f construction is not t ru l y vertical,' or fabri cation is d i storted, the clean TAPER SURFACES. INC. i n.: so lu tion will not adhere 3580 BURNET AVE positively to the surface to EAST SYRACUSE , N, Y. provide th e most thoro cleaning, • Pat, P endin~ II III III 1963 1963 CoPYRIGHT CoPYRIGHT I NTE Mn..K RNATIONAL RNATIONAL , , AssociATION AssociATION oF oF Foon Foon AND AND ENvmoN'MENTAL ENvmoN'MENTAL SANITARIANS , , INc . . rihutnr s s oF oF pnpers . . I I Ord e r s s for for R 'l'homasson, 'l'homasson, e prints : : All All Box Box o rd e 437, 437, t· s s ·· ror ror Shelbyville, Shelbyville, reprints reprints Indi a na . . tai n e d d from from the the C'ditor C'ditor r o r r t h e e use use of of co n ec u t i ve ve Secretary Secretary of of the the Associatio n . . H. H. L . . i;: in g t e e Co pie s s .... . .. . . . . .. ...... .. ...... t t $ $ . 00 00 " In st ru c tion tion to to C:o nt rib ut ors' ' ' can can ob be be suc m h atters atters s h o uld uld be be addressed addressed t o o th e e Ex Librari es , , 1 1 y r. r...... $6. 00 00 ot ot the the Journal , , changes changes in in :..ddress, :..ddress, )l and and inn., inn., other other St . . Paul. Paul. .:\Jinn . . Public Public and and Educational Educational Institution Institution nuttan c es es for for dues , , failure failure lo lo recel•e recel•e copies copies Editor, Editor, Dept. Dept. Dairy Dairy Industries , , University University of of yr. yr. · · ··· ·· ····· ··· · ···· · ···· ···· l l ss .oo .oo Correspondence Correspondence A~l A~l regarding regarding m e mb e rship, rship, he he re addressed addressed t o o . 1 . . C. C. O l s on. on. .lr. , , Assoc i at e e the the Journal Journal of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Technology ttscripts ttscripts . . a nd nd ot h e r r rcad material material i nb' nb' Commercia l l shou Organization Organization l d d subscription. subscription. year, year, whi c h h in c lud es es an nu a l l su bscription bscription to to M a nu sc Co ripts rr e s : : pondence pondence rega rdi Individu ng ng mau a l l non-nwmbers, non-nwmbers, Governmenta l l and and Envtronmental Envtronmental S a nitarian s , , Inc. , , is is · ' ' $7.00 $7.00 per per ~ ~ Sub sc ription ription Rat es: es: On e e vo l ume ume l J e r r ) • ear , , She l byrill e, e, Ind . . lnt e ~n a tional tional Association Association of of Milk, Milk, Food Food and and . . Thomasson, Thomasson, Mana giug giug l ~ P d it . . nr 0. 0. , , Box Box 43'i , , M e mbership mbership D u u D e e s: s: Membership Membership dressed dressed In In lo lo the the H. H. L. L. 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SIMPKINs, SIMPKINs, Executive Executive _ 4ssi~tant 4ssi~tant Shelbyv ill e, e, In diana. diana. C. C. Fistere Fistere M . . ------·------2 14 14 and and Managing Managing Edito-r , , Box Box ' 137 , , H. H. " Imitati o L. L. n n TH Produ Ol\ I ASSON, ASSON, Executh c t s" s" ' e e Secretm·rl Secretm·rl of of Minn. , , St. St. Pa 1 , , ul ul Minn . . Lab e lin g g Probl e ms ms Involved Involved in in " Substitut e" e" and and Dept. Dept. Dairy Dairy Industri es, es, University University DR. DR. J . . C. C. OL SON, SON, Associate Associate JR., JR., Ed it or, or, H. H. S. S. Adams Adams ------2 13 13 Editors Editors P es ti c id es es In In Con tr oversy oversy KARL KARL K. K. JO NES NES Ed it or ial: ial: OH. OH. J. J. C. C. OLsoN , , Jn. Jn. H. H. L. L. THOMASSON THOMASSON Pub! Pub! ication ication Board Board Volum Jul e e y, y, 26 26 196 3 3 N umb e r r 7 7 ------·------ ------KAHL KAHL K . . JON ES ES s. s. E. E. FRED FRED UETZ UETZ U. U. R EG. EG. PAT. PAT. OFF . . \ VALLACE VALLACE C. C. LAWTON LAWTON Environme nt a l l Sanitarians , , Inc. Inc. JOHN JOHN H . . FRITZ FRITZ International International Assoc i a tion tion of of Milk, Milk, Food Food a nd nd A . . B ELKNAP ELKNAP RAy RAy CHARLES CHARLES E. E. ALTON ALTON \ i\i i\i Official Official Publi cation cation JoH , , J. J. SHF.URING SHF.URING INCLUDING INCLUDING MILK MILK AN D D FO OD OD SANITATION SANITATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY Executive Board Board dianapolis, dianapolis, Ind. Ind. Secretar y -Tre asur e r , , KARL KARL K. K. JoNES , , In \ .Vest .Vest Eng l ewoo d , , N. N. J . . Seco nd nd Vice-Pn:sicle nt , , FRED FRED E. E. UETz, UETz, TON, TON, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Mirm. Mirm. FOOD FOOD MILK MILK Fi : rst rst Vice-Pmsident, Vice-Pmsident, and and \ \TALLAGE \TALLAGE C. C. LAw ington, ington, D. D. C. C. President-Elect, President-Elect, JoH N N H. H. Fnnz, Fnnz, ' \i\ as h Illinois Illinois President, President, RAY RAY A. A. BELKNAP, BELKNAP, Chicago, Chicago, Jozwnal Jozwnal of of OFFICERS OFFICERS Procedure for The Investigation of Foodborne Disease· Outbreaks Recommended by INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. COPIES OBTAINABLE FROM , International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitm·ians, Inc. Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana Prices: Single Copies, 50 cents each: 100 or more copies, 35 cents each. 2.5-100 copies, 4.5 cents each. Please do not send stmnps. Notice: Limited number in Spanish translation at 50 cents each. Order Your Reprint of Indexes Journal of Milk and Food Technology Price $2.50 11 Annual Indexes Bound Durable Dura-Prong Bind Volume 15 - 1952 through er. (Index for 10 additional years may be added.) Volume 25 - 1962 inclusive. FIVE YEAR SERVICE ON ADDITIONAL ANNUAL INDEX RE· PRINT MAILED UPON COMPLETION OF EACH VOLUME: PRICE. 52.50. ONE-HUNDRED OR MORE REPRINTS MAY BE ORDERED ON ANY ARTICLE DESIRED. (PRICES QUOTED UPON REQUEST) . WRITE: EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, I.A·.M .F.E.S .. BOX 437. SHEL· BYVILLE. INDIANA. IV 1 1 ndi anapo li s, s, Indian a a M e di c in e e I n di ana ana Unive r s it y y Sc h ool ool of of H. H. S. S. P r o f esso r r ADAMS, ADAMS, the the weed weed illld illld th e e r a t t and and not not e nou g h h on on th e e rea l l e nd nd product- THE THE MAN. MAN. th e e h e rbi c id e e on on th e e fann, fann, th an an h e r e tofor e. e. Perchanc e e we ' ve ve h ad ad our our minds minds too too much much on on th e e bu g, g, Per h aps aps in in this this n ew ew ro l e e w e' ll ll get get mor e e co n ce m e d d wi th th th e e fl y y sp ra y y in in th e e r es taur an t t and and ·' ·' l l I I san iti ze r $ $ a nd nd disinfe c t an t s s as as part part of of o ur ur s t ock ock in in tr ade ade f o r r a a l o n g g wh il e. e. c ou l d d doubtl ess ess pl ay ay thi s s roll roll wit h h co e nsid rabl e e ff ec tiv e n ess . . \ in in th e e h ow , , whe r e for e e and and w h a t-for t-for u se se of of pesticid es es illld illld other other agric ultur a l l c h e micaJ s . . W e e Pe rh aps aps sa nitariffil s s are are go ing ing to to hav e e to to interest interest th e m se l ves ves more more ac ti ve l y y th m1 m1 in in th e e pa~t pa~t s itu ations ations ca llin g g for for c h em i ca l l app li ca tion , , use use w ill ill b e e judiciou s a s nd nd hru1d l e d d in in th e e manner manner int e nd ed? ed? co rr ec t t app li cat i o n , , proper proper co en nc tr a tion tion and and use . . Cm1 Cm1 we we always always b s e ur e e th a t t in in th e e hundreds hundreds of of w e r. r. And And when when we we ge t t an an a nsw e r r th at at say say the the chemica l s s are are safe, safe, it it is is gene r a ll y y on on th e e ba s i s s of of e ff ec ts? ts? m en en reac \ .V ill ill t t the the same same way way as as l aboratory aboratory anima l s? s? Thes e e a r e e hard hard questions questions to to ans o n n MAN 's 's h ea l t h ? ? Ha ve ve we we h ad ad eno u gh gh exper i ence ence to to know know what, what, if if any , , are are th c e wnulativ e e \ Ve Ve ca n n s ur e l y y r a i se se th e e quest i on on - Do Do we we always always know know befo r e hand hand w hat hat e ff ec t t th ese ese hav e e ; ; ce ntl y, y, th e e organic organic phosphat es es lik e e maJathion maJathion and and parathion, parathion, to to men ti on on just just a a few . . \ not not b e e li g htly htly s hrugg e d d off. off. vVe vVe hav e e see n n the the ri se se of of insecticides insecticides from from DDT , , ri g h t t after after World World man 's 's e nvironm e nt , , h ave ave b ee n n aware aware for for so m e tim e e that that our our new new c h e mi ca l l e nviroru11 en t t cou l d d u s s h aving aving as as our our m i ssion ssion the the prot ect ion ion of of th e e publi cs' cs' h ea lth , , through through th e e co ntrol ntrol of of hazards hazards :in :in Among Among publi c c h ea lth lth p eo pl e e I I would would say say the the book book ha s s clone clone a a grea d t e al al of of good. good. Those Those of of c ritici ze d. d. A tt ac k k or or prai se se d epe nd e d , , in in deg r ee, ee, u pon pon the the particular particular gro u p p involv e d . . and and public public h ea lth lth people people h as as had had a lm ost ost cyclonic cyclonic e ff ec t. t. Th e e book book h as as been been a tta c ked , , prai se d d an d d Th e e co ntrov e r sy sy ge ner a t e d d by by thi s s b ook ook among among biologists , , co n se r va tionist s, s, i agr c ultural ultural c h e mi s t s s th e e Pacifi c c Nm thw es t t and and th e e r e du c tion tion in in number s s of of s mall mall m a mm a l s. s. steady steady d ec lin e e in in w ildlif e e popul a ti on, on, th e e d ec in1ation in1ation of of l a k e e fi s h , , eve n n th s e pawnin g g sa lm on on in in ate l y y - from from th e e hou se hold hold bu g g bomb bomb to to crop crop dustin g g from from airc r aft. aft. She She cites cites evi d e nc e e of of th e e po s iti on on that that th ese ese va ri ed ed and and assor t ed ed chemica l s s h ave ave b een een u sed sed too too freely freely and and too too indi sc rimin titl e d , , Silent Silent Spring, Spring, written written by by Rac h e l l Car so n . . Mi ss ss C a r so n , , a a we ll ll train ed ed biologist , , tak es es th e e A A book book r ece ntly ntly a pp ea r e d d on on the the h s e lv es, es, wh i ch ch h as as g i ven ven paus e e for for thou ght ght and and r ef l ec tion , , en c rop rop p r oduct i on on and and to to c ut ut clown clown on on th e e ra vages vages of of pests pests a nd nd ve m1in m1in was was ju s t t right right and and a a good good thin g . . Per h a p s s t oo oo man y y of of u s s wer e e go in g g a l ong ong w i t h h th e e idea idea t h at at any any f eas ibl e e method method to to bolst e r r makin g g lif e e mor e e com f o rt a bl e . . th ese ese may may b e e i n n impro ving ving c r op op production , , re m oving oving h azards azards of of ins ec t-spr ea d d disea ses ses r r o ju s t t It It ma y y b e e th a t t a ll ll the the c r e dit dit cannot cannot b e e put put on on th e e asse t t side side of of th e e l e d ge r r how eve r r e ff ec tiv e e accep t e d d and and h ave ave tak e n n th e ir ir p l ac e e in in om om n ew ew and and e ver ver expand in g g t eclmo l ogy. ogy. fung i cides cides and and h e rbicid es, es, man y y were were unknown unknown a a f ew ew yea r s s ago ago b ut ut now now th ey ey are are rath e r r genera lly lly impr esse d d by by th e e tr eme ndou s s developments developments in in mo d em em c h emistry . . Vario u s l y y known known as as p es ticid es, es, Wh e n n you you look look ove r r th e e long long li s t t of of new new c hemical s s avai l ab l e e today , , yo u u cannot cannot h e lp lp b e in g g PESTICIDES PESTICIDES IN IN CONTROVERSY CONTROVERSY 213 213 - 214 LABELING PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN 1/SUBSTITUTEI/ AND 11 IMITATION PRODUCTS~~ CHARLES M. FISTERE Fist ere and H abberton General Co 11·nsel, Dairu Indust'l'!/ Committee, D. C. ( Continental B11il(li.ng, Washington, ;!' I Cosmetic Act and The Dairy Industry perhaps more than of the other under the Federal Food Drug and tax on yellow food industries has been concerned over the years the repeal of the five cent per pound history of oleo with imitation and substitute products. The reason oleomru·garine. The fascinating but the point I wish that this is so is not hard to discover. Invariably it margarine has yet to be written oleomargarine is as is the valuable article which is most usually imitated. to make is this, even though food as you can possibly It was said back in 1800 by one Charles Caleb Colton close an imitation of another could seriously advance that "imitation is the sincerest of flattery". I suppose get, no one at this late date equire that it be called that diamonds among all of the precious stones have a regulation which would r of fact, the Circ~it been the subject of the most intensive simulation and "imitation butter." As a matter Circuit settled that this is becaus e diamonds, in addition to being a girl's Court of Appeals for the Eighth judgment on the matter best friend, are regarded as being the most precious question in 1943. The final , es vs. McNutt, 132 F. of all gems. It is a recognition of the intrinsic value was rendered in Land O'Lak to the Supreme of milk and other dairy products which has led to 2d. 653. The case was not appealed that oleomar so many attempts to imitate dairy products and to Court. In dismissing the contention the comt said: "Olep trade upon the good name of milk and other dairy ga.rine was legally an imitation pmduct with a:n idetl products. Although the subject assigned to me relates nwTgarine is a well known food gentlemen is that so f ~r to th e matter of imitations and substitutes, specifical tity of its own". And that to oleomargarine. ly with their labeling, it occurs to me that some back as the law of imitations relates ground concerning imitations in the dairy field might The substitute commonly known as "filled milk" be a valuable prelude. has had a different history and its present status iis A good deal has been written about oleomargarine vastly different from oleomargarine and yet there ,is and filled milk and there is not a p erson in this audi a curious similarity between oleomargarine and fill ence who does not possess considerable familiarity ed milk. "Filled milk" as defined may not be shipped with the subject of filled milk and oleomargarine. in interstate commerce and its manufacture and sale Nevertheless, a few general observ·ations would seem in many states is prohibited. Like oleomargarine, to be in order. filled milk has been the subject of fortification with In common understanding oleomargarine is certain vitamins and in litigation it has not been shown to be ly an imitation of butter. It looks like butter, it smells inferior to evaporated milk in the matter of nutrition. like butter, it tastes like butter, it is confusable with It is interesting although not very profitable to specu butter and so far as the scientists have been able late as to th e evolution of oleomargarine if the legis to determine, it approximates very closely butter in nu lation designed to regulate and control it had follow tritional value. As a inatter of fact oleomargarine is ed the pattern later adopted in the so-called Federal so close an imitation of butter that fevv there are Milk Law. Filled milk is defined under the federal who are able to distinguish the two products by or statute as being any milk, cream or skim milk whether ganoleptic method. condensed, evaporated or dried to which has been the result There is really only one point which needs to be added a fat or oil other than milk fat so that of milk or made here about oleomargarine and that is to recall ing product is in imitation or semblance ed or dried. It to you that here is a product about which it might cream whether condensed, evaporat two distinct be said to have been conceived in sin but has reached will be seen from this that there are First there must a point in public acceptance where its production and criteria involved in the definition. oil with certain named sale is greater than the product it was conceived to be a combining of vegetable secondly the resulting prod imitate. Oleomru·garine achieved complete legal dairy ingredients, and of the enumerated dairy prod- legitimacy upon the happening of two events. The uct must simulate one establishment of a definition and standru·d of identity ucts. Thus, it is entirely lawful to combine vegetable oil with non-dairy proteins producing a product which of the Dairy 'Presented at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting simulates one of the enumerated dairy products and Products Improvement Institute, Inc. on February 14, 1963, of the law. On the other New York City. still escape the sanction and and Dru 21 21 g g CFR CFR Act Act 3 contains contains . 2 0 5. 5. a a sec tion tion which which provid <;is <;is 4 U . . S. S. v. v. 651 651 Cas es es of of "C hil -Ze 1t " , , 114 114 F . . Su pp . . 430 . . Most Most of of y ou ou are are aware aware I I am am sure sure that that th e e , Food Food 3 62 62 Cases Cases J a m m v . . U . . S. , , 340 340 U. U. S. S. 593 593 .. .. 2 tations ". ". c uss uss th e e l e ading ading court court case case on on th e e subject subject of of " imi t a k e n n tog e th er er illustr a t e e th a t t th e r e e may may b e e imitation s s \ t t will will b e e instructive instructive a t t this this point point I I h · ust , , to to dis words, words, it it was was h e ld ld to to be be mi s brand e d . . Th ese ese cases cases nam e l y y oleomargarine oleomargarine a nd nd fill ed ed milk. milk. t a tion tion Ic e e Cr ea m. " " Since Since it s s l a b e l l did did not not b ea r r th ese ese of of a a histor y y of of th ese ese two two classic classic substitute substitute produ c t s, s, (c) (c) its its lab e l l was was r eq uir e d d to to b ea r r th e e words words "I mi to to th e e l esso ns ns which which hav e e b ee l n ea rn e b d y y a a study study ·' ·' was was a n n imitation imitation of of i ce ce cream , , an d d und e r r Section Section l l 403 403 • • in in th e e d eve lopm e nt nt of of its its poli c i es es to to give give eA 'Pression 'Pression m e lting lting qualities qualities as as chocolate chocolate i ce ce cream cream and and h e nc e e of of oleomargarine oleomargarine and and 6f 6f fill e d d milk milk and and has has attempted attempted same same characteristics characteristics of of color, color, t as t e, e, t ex tm e, e, bod y y and and fa c tur e rs rs has has b ee n n accutely accutely co nscious nscious of of th e e evolution evolution c r ea m. " " . l'he l'he court court found, found, how eve r, r, that that it it had had th e e that that th e e Int e rnational rnational Association Association of of Ic e e Cr ea m m Manu milk milk fat. fat. was was promin e It It ntl y y lab e l e d d " not not an an ic e e ca rboh y drat es . . At At this this point point I I wish wish n ; tainl y y to to say say ca rri e d d statements statements that that it it did did not not co ntain ntain milk milk or or of of fat fat and / or or prot e in , , yes, yes, and and eve n n a a substihttion substihttion of of con t a in e d d no no d ai r y y ingredients ingredients w hatso eve r. r. Its Its l a b e l l or or i ce ce milk milk but but where where th e r e e h as as b ee n n a a substitution substitution I ce ce Cream" Cream" to to constitute constitute mibranding. mibranding. This This produ c t t co n ce rning rning froz e d n esse rts rts which which simul a t e e ic e e cream cream th e e omission omission on on th e e lab e l l of of the the words words " Imitation Imitation Lat e r r in in tllis tllis pap e r r I I . . w ill ill hav e e something something to to say say H e r e, e, in in a a F e d e ral ral Dish·ict Dish·ict Court, Court, th e e judg e e fo und und lawfull y y b e e shipped shipped in in int e rstat e e commerce. commerce. prior prior to to th e e promulg a ti on on of of th e e ic c e r eam eam standards. standards. co mpl e t e e l eg itimac y y whereas whereas th e e other other on e e may may not not words words " Imitation Imitation I ce ce Cream." Cream." This This case case was was brought brought e ral ral law law standpoint standpoint one one of of th e e produ c ts ts has has ach i eve d d e d d " Chil-Zert" th e e lab e l l of of which which did did not not b ear ear th e e 3 3 ; ; dairy dairy products products which which th ey ey simulate. simulate. Y e t t from from a a fed pro cee d e d d against against a a vegetable vegetable oil oil frozen frozen d esse rt rt call sa i d d to to b e e signifi ca ntly ntly inf e rior rior nuh·ition a ll y y to to th e e case case th e e Food Food and and Drug Drug Adminish·atiorr Adminish·atiorr thereaft e r r fi e d d with with vitamins vitamins to to th e e point point where where neith e r r ca b n e e Shortly Shortly after after th e e d ec ision ision th e e imit a tion tion jam jam in in and and butt e r r on on th e e other, other, and and both both hav ( d e e ) ) b ee n n forti ca tions . . simulate simulate very very clos e l y y eva porat e d d milk milk on on th e e one one h an d d a n n inf e rior rior pr ese r ve ve n o t t meeting meeting th e e d e fin e d d specifi th ey ey both both hav e e b ee n n fabricated fabricated in in such such a a way way as as to to co m1ot e s s exac tl y y what what th e e product product is is - a a diff e rent , , binations binations of of vegetable vegetable o il il a nd nd milk milk (c) (c) not not fat; fat; solid~ solid~ f ac tur e r r said said th at at th e e name name " imit a tion tion jam " " at at once once formativ e e of of th e e id e ntit y; y; both both products products (b) (b) are are com Th e e court court in in upholding upholding th e e co nt e ntion ntion of of th e e manu (a) (a) ample, ample, th e e l a b e ls ls of of b o th th produ c ts ts are are full y y in imm e diat e l y y th e r ea ft e r , , th e e nam e e of of th e e food food imitated. imitated. e d d milk milk on on th e e one one hand hand and and oleomargarine oleomargarine for for ex form form siz e e and and promin e n ce, ce, th e e word word "imitation" "imitation" and and guish guish betw ee n n th e e factual factual situations situations surrounding surrounding fill of of another another food food un l ess ess its its lab e b l e ars , , . in in t y p e e of of uni fusion fusion with with milk milk products. products. It It is is not not ea sy sy to to distin shall shall b e e d ee m e d d to to b e e misbrand e d d if if it it is is an an imitation imitation l e nt nt th e ms e lv es es r ea dily dily to to substitution substitution for for or or con tion tion 403 403 (c) (c) of of th e e Act Act which which provid es es that that a a food food by by Congr es s . . This This was was th a t t filled filled milk milk compounds compounds in in strict strict conformance conformance wi th th the the r equ ir e m e nts nts o f f S ec l eg isl a tion , , th e r e e w as as an an a dditional dditional r easo n n asserted asserted co mpan y's y's position position was was th a t t th e e product product was was lab e l e d d milk milk was was an an e ffici e nt nt ca us e e for for of of int bringing bringing e rst a t e e commerce commerce a bout bout th e e und e r r any any l a b e lin g . . Th e e nized nized that that initiall y y th v e itamin itamin d e fi c i e nci es es of of filled filled quired quired in in th e e j am am s tand a rd , , it it was was not not a a l awf ul ul a rticl e e United United Stat es, es, 323 323 18 U. U. , , S . . while while th e e court court recog it it co nt a in e d d only only fruit fruit inst ea 25 d d % % of of as as r e 45 % % and and D. D. In In Carolene Carolene that that case, case, Pmdu cts cts Co · mpany mpany vs. vs. pr o duct duct purport e d d to to b e e th e e standard standard jam jam and and since since was was one one which which h a b d ee n n fortifi Imitation Imitation e d d with with J a m. Vit " " a Th min min e e government government A A co nt e nd e d d that that th e e Milk Milk Act, Act, which which was was in in th e e product product 1944 involv , , e d d p ec tin . . Th e e product product was was lab e l e d d " D e licious licious Brand Brand tim e e th e e Supr e me me Court Court pass e d d upon upon th e e which which was was compos F e d~ e n d d ; .a l l of of sugar, sugar, fruit fruit 55 % % and and 25% 25% 20 % % co nstitutional. nstitutional. It It is is int e r es ting ting to to not e e that that th e e l ast ast Administration Administration aga inst inst 62 62 cases cases of of a a jam jam produ c t t Court Court of of th e e United United Stat es es in in a nd nd a a misbranding misbranding upheld upheld as as case case b e ing ing brought brought b y y th e e Food Food and and Drug Drug Fill e d d Milk Milk Act Act has has b een een p asse d d upon upon by by th e e Supr e m e e Th ese ese r e marks marks a r e e from from th e e opinion opinion of of th e e cou rt rt ucts. ucts. On On two two occasions occasions th e e or va dinar lidit y y y y English English of of th e e F speech" speech" e d e ral ral said said th e e Justi ce . . which which s imulat es es one one of of th e e numerat e d d dair y y prod th e e m ean ing ing of of th e e word word t o o th e e understanding understanding of of solids solids with with vegetable vegetable oil oil a nd nd produc e e a a produ c t t th e e l a ndmark ndmark " Imitation Imitation J am am Case." " Congress Congress l e ft ft 2 2 exa mpl e e of of th e e form er er would would b e e to to combine combine cerea l l ing ing for for th e e Supreme Supreme Court Court o f f th e e United United St a t es es in in fla v or or o th to e e finish e d d product word word , , such such imitation as as vanilla. vanilla. ," ," said said An An Mr. Mr. Justic e e Frankfmter, Frankfmter, speak b e e the the utilization utilization of of a a d ev i ce ce " Congr to to impart impart e ss ss did did a a non-dairy non-dairy not not give give an an eso t e ric ric m ea ning ning to to th e e sanction sanction of of the the law. law. An An exa mpl e e of of th e e l atter atter would would th e e food food imitat e d . . merat e d d dairy dairy product s s it it i s s possibl e e to to esca p e e th e e " inlltation " " and and imm ed iat e l y y th e r ea ft e r , , th e e nam e e of of th in in e e t finished finished y p e e of of produ tmiform tmiform c t t do s iz es es e e not not and and simulate simulate prominence one one of of , , th th e e e e e word word nu dairy dairy is is an an imitation imitation ingr e di e nts nts of of ·with ·with another another vege food, food, t a bl e e unless unless oil oil but but its its so so lab lon e b l g g ea as as r s s hand that that , , a a it it food food is is a shall shall lso lso possibl b e e deemed deemed e e to to co t o o mbin b e e e e misbranded misbranded th e e forbidden forbidden it it if if 215 215 LABELl LABELl ' G G PROBL EMS EMS I N N SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTE PROD UCTS UCTS 216 LABELL"'G PROBLEMS I N S uBSTITUTE PRonucrs Frozen Dietetic Dairy Dessert is an "imitation" of both standardized and unstandardized foods. a " well to have in mind the statutory Jequirements The position of the Food and Drug Administration it is govern their labeling as foods for a special has been further enunciated in an informal statement which tary use. Congress h·eated this subject very tcx of general policy in connection with jams and jellies die Section 403 ( j) of the Act provides that a containing artificial sweeteners. In a published state plicitly. eemed to be misbranded, " . . . if it and Drug has said that sugar is one food shall be d ment Food ecial dietary i lly. Its presence purports to be or is represented for sp .. of the basic ingredients of jam and je I s, unless its label b ears such information concern in these foods is required by the standards of identity use ing its vitamin, mineral, or other dietary properties for the products. An artifically sweetened jam or the Secretary determines to be, and by regulations jelly must be labeled as an imitation even though as ribes as necessary in order fully to inform pur the fruit or fruit juice content equals or exceeds that presc chasers as to its value for such uses." of the standardized article. to the regulations under this section and These decisions and rulings follow a common dic Pursuant . 403 ( i ), a dietetic frozen dessert carries on its tionary definition of in1itation, namely: " .. . that Sec el a complete list of the ingredients, the percent which is made to resemble something else; a counter lab of fat, protein, total carbohydrates present, and a feit." As an adjective the dictionary says " . . . made ages as to the number of calories supplied by to resemble something superior or of better material." statement each in a given weight of food. ·what more need b e Thus a paper doilie is characterized as "imitation said? lace." is: If a product complying with the ' The test seems to be: does the deviation result in The question of 403 ( j ) is given a distinctive name such making the finished food look like or taste like another provisions as Frozen Dietetic Dessert, and which is not other standardized or otherwise generally recognized food. misbranded under any other subsection of 403, In a symposium on the subject of substitutes held wise it nevertheless be considered misbranded unless at Atlantic City last year, Dr. Morse of the Thomas may bel bears the words "Imitation Ice Cream" as J. Lipton Co. and Dr. Spilman of Foremost Dairies its la purports to require? If a product were made opened· up some scientific Tistas which have already 403 (c) ice c ream is rn ..'lde but containing sorbitol and made possible a nd foretell still greater use of in as cyclamate in place of sugar, packaged in gredients in foods which may differ from their his sodium containers and not labeled in accordance with toric counterparts as fat, carbohydrate and protein bulk of 403 ( j), I think there is no question sources. the provisions that the product would be misbranded unless its It is a reactionary principle which requires that but label bore the words "Imitation Ice Cream." a processed food which incorporates valuable or es If, however, the product is sold, as indeed it uni pecially useful constituents resulting from scientific is, in consumer size packages and designated research, which happens to look and taste like an versally "Dietetic Frozen Dessert," or "Diabetic Frozen other food, to be labeled as an imitation. as rt," and otherwise labeled in accordance with I b elieve that consumers are well served b y the Desse tion 403(j), it is my opinion that 403(c) (imita absence of any law requiring a shirt to be labeled Sec does not and should not apply. "imitation cotton" when it is made with one of the tions ) es between ice cream and the frozen marvelously useful synthetic fabrics which are so The differenc special dietary uses are clearly and fully abundantly available today. dessert for e labeling required by Section 403(j). The decision of the Supreme Court in the imitation revealed b y th information would become cloudy jam case certainly represents a correct application Tlus meaningful y the label had to bear the words" Imi of the imitation section of the Food and Drug Act if additionall Ice Cream." to that situation. I would not question it if I could. tation the several sub We were dealing there with a sub-standard product. Congress certainly intended that the prevention The real question now is this: Should the doctrine sections of 403 had for their purpose Congress could be extended to apply to foods which are formulated of fraud, deception and confusion. should re for reasons other than cheapening and debasement, not have intended that their application er frustration that simply because the finished product happens to look sult in the confusion and consum ents of Sec. 403 and taste like another food? would result by piling the requirem of 403 (j) labeling. Take for example the situation presented by such (c) on top uses are not products as "Frozen Dietetic Dairy Dessert." Here Frozen desserts for special dietary 403( c) is in we have no court decision but the Food and Drug imitative of ice cream. Obviously of inferior and Administration has taken the position that such a tended to prevent the palming off the product product is also "Imitation Ice Cream." counterfeit products as compared with It cannot be said of a dietetic or diabetic Before g oing further into the matter of whether imitated. Act. Act. This This subsection subsection provid es es that that a a food food shall shall b e e new new way way to to meet meet a a need need in in th e e human human di e tar y. y. The The reason reason is is to to be be found found in in Sec. Sec. 403 403 (g) (g) of of th e e which which tl1 ey ey resemble resemble b ecause ecause science science has has pointed pointed a a tation tation section section 403 403 (c) (c) apply apply to to oleomargarine? oleomargarine? are are not not and and which which deviate deviate from from tl1e tl1e standard standard foods foods be be called called imitation imitation butt e r ? ? Why Why does does not not the the imi to to foods foods which which do do not not masquerade masquerade as as something something tl1 ey ey ·' ·' l l imitates imitates butter. butter. vVhy vVhy is is oleomargarine oleomargarine not not required required to to than than th e e crepe crepe lab el el "Imit:'l tion " " should should b e e accor d ed ed I I more more clearly clearly imitates imitates another another food food than than oleomargarine oleomargarine In In summary, summary, it it is is om om feeling feeling that that something something better better margarine margarine situation. situation. can can ~ ~ think think of of no no f"od f"od which which on on th ese ese standards standards has has had had to to be be suspended. suspended. Let Let us us look look back back again again for for a a moment moment to to the the oleo for for special special di e tar y y us es es now now under under way, way, that that work work "im itation" itation" lab el. el. tensive tensive revision revision of of the the regulations regulations governing governing foods foods quired quired by by Section Section 4 03 03 ( ( j ) ) that that it it need need not not bear bear an an standards standards are are so so closely closely related related to to th e e FDA's FDA's ex was was properly properly lab e l e d d as as to to dietary dietary information information as as r e taining taining dairy dairy ingredients, ingredients, the the other other not. not. Th ese ese latt er er name, name, such such as as Frozen Frozen Di e tary tary Dair y y Dess er t , , and and t ypes ypes of of special special dietary dietary tvv'o tvv'o frozen frozen desserts-one desserts-one con if if a a frozen frozen dessert dessert bearing bearing a a distinctive distinctive descriptive descriptive Th e e Committee Committee also also considered considered state state standards standards for for It It seems seems to to me me that that the the courts courts should should rul e e that that b e e known known as as "La rin e" e" a nd nd "S h e rbin e" e" r es p ec tiv e l y. y. perly perly labeled labeled under under 403(j) 403(j) it it is is not not subject subject to to 403(c). 403(c). of of ice ice milk milk and and counterpart counterpart of of sherbet, sherbet, t entative l y y to to that that the the court court would would hold hold that that if if a a product product is is pro for for a a low-fat low-fat vegetable vegetable oil oil product , , tl1e tl1e coun t erpart erpart i i " imitation" imitation" in in accordance accordance with with 403 403 (c). (c). is is my my It It view view of of Dir ec tors tors has has b ee n n considering considering drafts drafts of of standards standards h e ld ld to to b e e lawful lawful for for interstate interstate commerce commerce if if label e d d finitions finitions and and Standards Standards at at the the direction direction of of the the Board Board merce merce at at all. all. Th e e court court disagreed . . The The product product was was More More recently recently th e e Association ' s s Comrnittee Comrnittee on on De and and henc e e could could not not be be th e e subject subject of of interstate interstate com mains. mains. imitation imitation jam jam " purported" purported" to to be be the the standard standard jam jam th e e states states adopting adopting it. it. The The federal federal probl em em still still re and and Drug Drug Administration Administration took took th e e position position that that the the ard ard would would take take it it out out of of the the class class of of imitations imitations in in should should It It be be remembered remembered in in the the jam jam case case th e e Food Food other other than than butt erfat. erfat. The The adoption adoption of of such such a a stand li es, es, it it seems seems to to me , , the the important important differenc e. e. Mellorine, Mellorine, a a frozen frozen d essert essert made made with with fats fats and and oils oils does does It It not not have have to to bear bear 403 403 ( ( j) j) lab e ling, ling, and and therein therein es tablishing tablishing a a definition definition and and standard standard of of identity identity for for (c). (c). But, But, imitation imitation jam jam is is not not a a special special dietary dietary food. food. bill bill for for th e e purpos e e of of state state l egis l a tion tion d efin ing ing and and " Imitation Imitation Strawberry Strawberry Jam " " in in accordance accordance with with 403 403 tion. tion. In In 1955 1955 th e e Association Association developed developed a a model model . . nevertheless nevertheless a a lawful lawful articl e e of of commerce commerce if if label ed ed ed ed " imit a tion tion product s" s" which which I I would would lik e e to to men substandard substandard food , , defici e nt nt in in fruit fruit in in this this case, case, was was the the Association Association in in th e e field field of of standards standards for for so-call court court decided, decided, as as was was point e d d out out ea rli er, er, that that a a and and filled filled milk. milk. Ther e e has has been been a a development development with with government government at at first first contended contended in in th e e Jam Jam case, case, th e e ful ful of of th e e lessons lessons to to be be l ea rn ed ed from from oleomargarine oleomargarine Turning Turning now now to to Section Section 403(g), 403(g), for for which which th e e ation ation of of Ice Ice Cream Cream l\i lanufactur ers ers has has been been mind -a ll ll would would tell tell th e e consumer consumer it it is is not not ice ice cream. cream. Earlier Earlier I I mentioned mentioned that that th e e International International Associ sert," sert," the the distinctive distinctive 403(j) 403(j) lab e ling , , the the higher higher pric e e The The name name of of the the product product "Frozen "Frozen Di e tary tary Dairy Dairy Des should should not not be be subject subject to to the the imitation imitation section. section. cream cream is is concerned, concerned, he he is is not not deceived deceived or or confused. confused. which which meets meets all all of of th e e r equ ir ements ements of of Sec. Sec. 403 403 ( ( j ) ) As As far far as as the the consumer consumer who who wishes wishes to to pmchase pmchase ice ice Similarly, Similarly, it it is is my my view view that that a a special special dietary dietary food food which which is is not not revealed revealed by by the the Sec. Sec. 403 403 ( ( j) j) lab e ling. ling. ments ments of of 403 403 (g) (g) is is not not subje9t subje9t to to Sec. Sec. 403 403 (c). (c). of of the the differenc e e b e tween tween this this product product and and ice ice cream cream my my view view that that any any product product which which meets meets th e e require tion tion in in th e e mind mind of of the the consumer consumer as as to to th e e nature nature tion tion 403 403 (c)'s (c)'s imitation imitation brand. brand. To To the the contrary, contrary, it it is is me, me, is is destroy e b d eca use use it it is is bound bound to to rais e e a a ques not not suggesting suggesting that that oleomargarine oleomargarine be be subject subject to to Sec the the whole whole purpose purpose of of the the 403 403 ( ( j) j) labeling, labeling, it it seems seems to to of of butt er er even even though though law law in in it it is is not. not. I I am am of of , , course then then confronted confronted with with the the t e rm rm " Imitation Imitation Ic e e Cream," Cream," and and tast es es lik e e butter-it butter-it still still is is fact fact in in an an imitation imitation tion tion in in terms terms of of protein, protein, fat, fat, carbohydrates, carbohydrates, etc., etc., are are make make it it resemble resemble butter butter any any th e e l ess? ess? It It still still looks looks formation formation concerning concerning ingredients, ingredients, calories, calories, composi ard ard has has b een een es tablish ed ed for for oleomargarine, oleomargarine, does does it it products , , having having be e n n given given on on the the lab e l l full full in lab e ling ling required required by by 403 403 (g). (g). But But because because a a stand e d d for for a a particular particular di e tary tary us e. e. If If consumers consumers of of such such margarine margarine and and oleomargarine oleomargarine is is required required to to b ear ear th e e Dietetic Dietetic frozen frozen d esse rts rts are are pmchased pmchased and and consum standard. standard. A A standard standard has has be e n n es tablish ed ed for for oleo is is not not going going to to dcrease dcrease th e e manufacturer's manufacturer's costs. costs. and and unl ess ess its its lab e l l bears bears the the name name s p ecified ecified in in the the bitol bitol and and cyclamate cyclamate for for sucrose sucrose and and com com syrup syrup solids solids been been prescribed prescribed if if it it does does not not conform conform to to the the standard standard compared compared with with ice ice cream. cream. The The substitution substitution of of for for sor which which a a d efi nition nition and and standard standard of of identity identity has has frozen frozen dessert dessert that that it it is is inf erior erior or or a a counterfeit counterfeit deemed deemed as as to to b e e misbranded misbranded if if it it purports purports to to be be a a food food IN IN 217 217 LABELING LABELING PROBLEMS PROBLEMS SuBSTITUTE SuBSTITUTE PRODUCTS PRODUCTS 218 FREEZE-DRYING- PRESENT AND FUTURE' ~ -· D ALE HARDY Diuision of Food and Drugs, Indiana State Board of Health, Indianapolis ( ing the potential of the in .. Basically, freeze-drying is c hanging frozen foods Another way of assess I (cooked or uncooked) to dried food by sublimation. dustry is to examine possible markets for the prod This means ice is removed directly from the frozen ucts. These would include: ' state to the gaseous state, by-p assing the liquid phase. 1. Institutional sales : Mass feeding used in restau The s ublimation process takes place in a vacuum rants, schools, hospitals and other away-from-home chamber, at low pressure m1d controlled input of eating places. heat. Since only distilled water leaves the food, the 2. Secondary processing: Freeze-dry ingredients resulting product h as a definite advantage over other added to sonp, preserves, desserts, and bakery prod drying techniques in that the oils and other flavor ucts. carrying liquids remain; the flavors also stay in the 3. Convenience foods: Camp packs, dip mixes and food. Moishue content of the finished food is re unique confectioneries. duced t o 2 percent or less. 4. Armed Forces: Probably the largest single buyer vVhen the product is properly prepared and con of freeze-dried products is the Quartermaster Corps. ' trolled throughout the freeze-drying process, the 5. Retail: P eople in the field agree this market is quality and trueness of flavor of the reconstituted still several years in the future. food is said to equal that of frozen foods. Yet there 6. Specialty items: It is quite possible that within is no need for refrigeration in handling, transporta this area, freeze-drying may have its greatest impact. tion, and storage. The shelf life is longer than for As an example, instant coffee dehydrated b y this frozen foods . In addition, there is a weight reduction method is said to yield a product with trueness to exceeding that of other dried foods. For example, flavor unequalled by a ny o ther drying method. A 100 pounds of cooked b eef reduces in \oVeight to 42 prominent food company is now installing freeze pounds; 100 pounds of mushrooms has a dried weight dry cabinets in their coffee plant. of 10 pounds. The future of the freeze-dry industry depends large The United States Department of Agriculture has ly on two factors, quality of the products and the finished a taste test of freeze-dry products now on the cost of processing. market. A c ustom freeze-dry plant has a rate of 10 cents Chicken, turkey and ham appear to have the great per pound of raw product. This would be equivalent est fuhue among the meats. Several shell fish, such to 11 to 14 cents per pound of water removed. A as shrimp and crab, have already been mm·ket-test well-known consultant to the food industry uses 7 ed and are assured success. Among the vegetables, cents per potmd of water removed as a rule-of-thumb asparagus and a few members of the cabbage family, cost. Autom atic programming of the drying cycle for example broccoli, have potential. Mushrooms in conjunction with accurately sequenced operation, will be freeze-dried in large quantities. Among the is an important factor in the economics of freeze fruits, blueberries;· sh·awberries, raspberries, pine drying. Batch freeze-drying, with several chambers, apple, apples, apricots, and others appear economical probably will always prove the most profitable meth ly feasible. Specialty foods that appear promising od for processors who freeze-di·y a variety of products, are seasonings, spices, coffee and fruit powders. A but the continuous method can be more profitable manufachuer of freeze-dry equipment has worked for a single product at a high production rate. out, in its own laborat01:y, an efficient processing Practically all management men of the major food cycle for more than 50 foods. firms have an interest in· freeze-drying. Mm1y have Foods with a high protein or starch content u investigated the possibilities of freeze-drying as it sually freeze-dry easily. When foods have high water might apply to their businesses. Almost every one content and loose structural characteristics, as for of them feels that there is a future for this industry. example watermelon, tomatoes, and cucumbers, it is They are testing products, calculating costs, watch quite easy to freeze-dry them, but virtually impossible ing developments and waiting. to reconstitute them to their original form. In tas te testing, some of the freeze-dried products showed up well. Others leave something to be de sired. All products a re not uniformly good. 'Presented at the spring meeting of the Indiana Public H ealth Association, Environmental Sanitation Section, Indianapolis, Costs are high. Currently, they m·e much higher Indiana, April 25, 1963 . than other drying a nd processing methods. However, 1963. 1963. . . ment. ment. Public Public health health and and agricu ltural ltural agenci.es, agenci.es, the the Shipnients, Shipnients, Peabody Peabody Hotel, Hotel, Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, Tennessee, April April 16 , , Many Many groups groups have have contributed contributed to to this this achieve 'Presented 'Presented at at th e e 9th 9th National National Conference Conference on on Int erstate erstate Milk Milk l y y short short period period of of years. years. which, which, near near the the turn turn of of the the century, century, brought brought death death t e uriz e d-a d-a ph e nom ena l l accomplishment accomplishment in in a a relative drink. drink. Milk Milk was was suspected suspected as as th e e carrier carrier of of illn ess ess cons um e d d by by our our Nation's Nation's urban urban popul a tion tion is is pas to to disp e nse nse milk milk which which would would b e e safe safe for for babies babies to to tation tation that that today today more more than than 96 % % of of the the market market milk milk to to set set up up th e e first first milk-heating milk-heating stations stations in in New New York York widespread widespread acceptance acceptance of of the the merits merits of of milk milk sani som e e sixty sixty years years ago ago h ea lth lth workers workers were were struggling struggling 90 % % in in th e e past past · ' ' 100 100 years. years. There There has has been been such such ) ) protection protection of of milk. milk. Indeed, Indeed, I I it it is is hard hard to to realiz e e that that public public es te em. em. Infant Infant mortality mortality has has been been reduced reduced any any long e r r questions questions the the n eed eed for for proper proper sanitary sanitary sures , , milk milk h as as b een een restor ed ed to to its its high high plac e e in in You You are are meeting meeting at at a a tim e e in in history history when when no no one one Because Because of of milk milk sanitation sanitation and and other other h ea lth lth mea and and for for your your activities activities here here this this week. week. place place in in public public esteem ." ." the the future future of of your your interstat e e certification certification program program and and cheap, cheap, milk milk has has always always deservedly deservedly held held a a high high ments ments of of fluid fluid milk milk and and milk milk produ c ts ts bodes bodes well well for for to to represent represent perfection perfection as as a a natural natural di eta r y, y, popular popular in in protecting protecting th e e sanitary sanitary quality quality of of interstate interstate ship infanc y, y, of of high high r ep ut e e for for easy easy dig es tibility , , b e )iev ed ed ber ber of of communities communities and and dairies dairies which which have have joined joined in in a a veil veil of of white , , associated associated with with the the innocence innocence of of Rapid Rapid increase increase during during the the past past decade decade in in the the num one one of of the the most most trust ed ed of of human human foods. foods. Clothed Clothed American American peopl e . . is is th e e more more r emarkab l e e becaus e e milk milk has has always always b een een agencies, agencies, is is performing performing an an important important service service for for the the p e rhaps rhaps none none more more dangerous dangerous than than milk. milk. This This fact fact dairy dairy industry industry and and the the public public h ea lth lth and and agricultural agricultural "Amo ng ng all all vehicles vehicles of of inf ec tious tious dis ease ease th e re re is is that that this this group, group, which which has has the the respect respect of of both both the the of of th e e eru· ly ly public public h ea lth lth lead ers , , to to write write in in 1901: 1901: The The occas~on occas~on gives gives m e e great great pl e asure asure since since I I know know This This kind kind of of situation situation vV. vV. l ed ed T. T. Sedg"vick, Sedg"vick, one one National National Conference Conference on on Interstat e e ifilk ifilk Shipments. Shipments. th ey ey completed completed a a full full year year of of lif e . . is is an an honor honor It It to to participate - with with you you in in this this Ninth Ninth to to 241 241 of of eve r y y thousand thousand babi es es in in New New York York befor e e U. U. S. S. Depmtment Depmtment o H f e alth , , Education, Education, and and el fa : r e , , ·washington, ·washington, i • \1 \1 D. D. C. C. Surgeon Surgeon General, General, Publi c c Health Health Servic e , , L. L. LuTHER LuTHER TERRY TERRY A A DECADE DECADE OF OF PROGRESS ' ' overly overly worried worried about about the the immediate immediate future future he he if if hJr es. es. of of taste taste tests tests and and cost cost studi es, es, one one should should not not be be short short p e riods riods of of cooking cooking at at r e lativel y y low low t em pera the the frozen frozen food food or or canning canning industri e s. s. On On the the basis basis in in th e e home home without without cooking cooking or or heating heating or or after after ideas ideas to to what what extent extent freeze-drying freeze-drying might might cut cut into into turn turn to to the the us e e of of convenience convenience foods foods that that are are served served Experts Experts do do not not know know and and hav e e not not expressed expressed their their comes comes increasingly increasingly important important as as consumer consumer demands demands of of about about one one perc e nt nt of of total total food food sales. sales. Th e e control control of of h eavy eavy ba cte ri a l l contamination contamination be dollars dollars annually. annually. In In seven seven years years this this is is a a potential potential dilution . . drying drying industry industry in in 1970 1970 will will b e e about about one one billion billion ylococci ylococci and and probabl y y E. E. absent absent in in a a col-i col-i 0 . 1 1 gram gram 1t 1t is is estimated estimated that that the the dollar dollar volume volume of of the the freeze is is 5 , 000 000 (standard (standard plate plate count ) ) p er er gram , , with with staph in in Europe. Europe. cooked cooked fr eeze -dri ed ed foods. foods. Th e e suggested suggested standru·d standru·d ing ing equipment equipment in in this this country country and and thre e e are are active active ba c t e riological riological standards standards must must be be es tablish ed ed for for pre panies panies are are engaged engaged in in designing, designing, building building and and install Industry Industry Advisory Advisory Committee Committee is is of of th e e opinion opinion that that country country and and two two in in Canada. Canada. Six Six equipment equipment com Th e e Quartermast e r r Food Food and and Container Container Institut e's e's their their plants. plants. Four Four plants plants are are now now being being built built in in this this 91 , 000 , 000 /g m. m. three three of of these these are are presently presently enlarging enlarging or or modernizing modernizing standard standard plat companies companies e e count count of of are are one one in in freeze-dried freeze-dried commercial commercial product product production, production, was was and and at at least least are are tain tain some some h eavy eavy 30 30 odd odd bact products products e rial rial contamination. contamination. now now on on the the market. market. For For exam Eight Eight pl e, e, th e e various various The The freeze-drying freeze-drying freeze-dried freeze-dried industry industry foods foods has has is is already already r evea l e d d her some some e. e. There There to to con processing processing costs costs involved. involved. . . Laboratory Laboratory analysis analysis of of inve s tigational tigational samples samples of of ucts ucts that that they they could could more more than than offset offset th e e high e r r r espect espect to to lab e ling , , adulteration adulteration and and contamination. contamination. storage storage costs costs may may be be e nough nough low er er in in freeze-dry freeze-dry prod of of th e e Indiana Indiana Food, Food, Drug , , and and Cosmetic Cosmetic Act Act in in 1t 1t is is quite quite possibl e e th a t t transportation, transportation, handling handling or or Freeze-dried Freeze-dried foods foods must must comply comply with with provlSlon s s we we must must consider consider costs costs other other than than processing processing ones. ones. were were a a frozen frozen food food processor processor or or canner. canner. FREEZE- DRYI NG NG - PRESE 2 NT NT 19 19 AND AND FuTURE FuTURE - ---- 220 A DECADE OF PROGRESS dairy and related industries, the medical and veter cropland. vVater, from the stream or the trough, may inary professions, educational institutions, and an en bear h·ace amounts of chemical or radioactive sub lightened public all share the credit. Your milk stances. shipper certification program has been, and continues ·we have not yet fully h·aced the progression ~f to be, a major and decisive factor in the continued contaminants through the food chain-from water improvement of the Nation's milk supply. to soil to grass to cow to milk to man-so that we vVe all realize that despite the progress that has can understand the effects of a small but constant .4. I been made, occasional milkborne outbreaks of ill and cumulative e>..-posure to chemicals or other pollu ness still occur, emphasizing that constant vigilance tants. Nor are we aware of the· subtle genetic effects is required for the conh·ol of disease. Continuing that changes in environment may have on animals joint effort by the dairy indushy and government or on man. has been essential to guard our milk supply. Population growth, the movement of people from In the early history of the fight for wholesome rural to meh·opolitan areas, and technological change milk, it was possible for one man, Nathan Straus, have significantly influenced the interstate and in to attack a major health problem-the relationship trastate movement of milk and milk products. In between milk and sickness of babies. His leader 1900 we had a population of 75 million people, two ship saved thousands of young lives. Now, in our thirds of whom lived on farms. By 1940 the popu time, with a Nation tripled in size and sophistication, lation had increased to 132 million and, as a result the individual faces almost impossible odds in at of industrialization, the shift from rural to urban , tempting to work alone against environmental haz areas was pronounced. World War II brought about ards to health. It was once possible for the com further changes so that by 1950 two-thirds of the munity to conh·ol certain diseases by concenh·ating Nation's 151 million people were living in cities. its attack at a few places in the environment where Today our counh-y's population numbers 181 million control measures could be applied. Pasteurization people, of whom approximately 114 million live in is a good example of this practice. But we cannot some 200 meh·opolitan centers. "zero in" on the newer problems because of their As these centers have grown, more and more crop size and complexity. and pasture land has been converted into suburban In all periods of recent history people have had developments, recreational areas, sites for small in f ) a special sensitivity to anything affecting the purity dush·ial plants, and into roads and other improve in and safety of milk, because of a natmal concern for ments. Less land is available for dairy farming the health of babies and children, our most important the vicinity of some of our metropolitan centers and milk consumers. Today many people are wonied cities. about a variety of new things which may be happen Constantly increasing numbers of communities have ing, or might happen in the future, to taint the been compelled to look to more distant sources for Nation's milk supply. supplementary supplies of quality milk and milk There is concern about the radionuclide contamin products. In some municipalities the need for such ation of milk and other foods by fallout from nuclear supplies has been limited to periods of seasonal short explosions, by-products of atomic reactors, and resi ages, but in many cities the overall demand can no dues of radioactive wastes. A study published two longer be satisfied by local milkshed production. years ago estin1ated that 5/ 6 of the strontium 90 Thus, the h·end has been-and continues to be taken into the human body comes from foods, es toward movement of greater volumes of milk and pecially dairy products. This kind of report alarms milk products in both interstate and inh·astate com people. Extensive studies will be necessary to re merce. Practically all States now export and import veal the immediate and long-term effects of radio fluid milk and milk products to some extent tlu-ough nuclides on man, so that we will know what fears out tl1e year. justi are groundless and what fears have sufficient The advancements in dairy science and dairy fication to warrant our intensive concern. technology during the past 25 years have enabled Another major health problem is the determination the dairy industry to cope with many of the problems safely in of how and when chemicals may be used arising from population growth and urban concen that this relation to food. There is no indication h·ation. Developments in herd management and pro future. problem will lessen in the immediate duction, sanitation, farm refrigeration, processing The use of chemicals to protect crops and to techniques, and refrigerated transport now make eradicate pests has brought new possibilities of dan possible the safe movement of adequate amounts of ger to foods, including milk. quality milk and milk products to almost any point The cow grazing in pasture may eat chemicals in the Nation. These advances have had an impact which have fallen on grass growing near sprayed on State and local milk sanitation regulations and any any e nvironm e ntal ntal health health program program can can find find a a counter- Ther e e is is little little doubt doubt in in m y y mind mind that that thi s s voluntary voluntary problems problems which which are are similar similar or or int e rrelat e d. d. Almost Almost us e e of of our our knowledge knowledge of of nuh·ition. nuh·ition. and and disciplin es es h ave ave found found it it n eces sar y y to to work work on on th e e b e nefits nefits to to be be derived derived by by man man by by making making greater greater in in his his occupational occupational e nvironm e nt, nt, a a variety variety of of agencies agencies food , , including including milk, milk, from from harm harm but but that that we we explore explore individual individual in in his his food, food, from from th e e soil, soil, air, air, water , , and and I I fear, fear, neglect e d d approach approach that that we we not not m e r e l y y protect protect Because Because th e e sam e e c h emica l s s may may imping e e on on th e e by by dietary dietary m ea ns . . It It is is a a fr e sh sh and and far-sighted , , and and probl e ms ms and and ha za rds. rds. co nsider nsider ways ways of of learning learning to to promote promote good good health health of of us us who who are are h ea lth lth ori e nt ed , , it it has has a ls o o produc e d d l l •• •• Th e e Committ ee ee also also suggested suggested that that we we should should ' ' vironment vironment h as as d eve lop e d d some some n e w w allies allies for for all all quire. quire. e n v ironmental ironmental pictur e . . A lth ough ough th e e mod e rn rn e n · c hanges hanges in in food food production production and and e ating ating habits habits r e phasiz e e that that it it is is an an important important part part of of th e e larg e r r th e e kind kind of of prot ec tion tion which which ex panding panding indush·y indush·y and and hav e e discuss e d. d. m I e ntion ntion th e m , , how eve r , , to to e m forts, forts, but but it it is is not not now now adequate adequate to to give give the the public public I I know know yo u u are are aware aware of of many many of of th e e matt e rs rs I I This This program program ca b n e e a a found a tion tion for for incr ea sed sed ef b ee n n so so minimal. minimal. wo rk rk of of industr y y and and other other governmental governmental agenc i es. es. gan i zation zation is is to to b e e congratulated congratulated that that th e e abuse abuse has has able able contributions contributions which which fortify fortify and and supplement supplement th e e a a l arge arge numb er er of of busin es s es es a nd nd groups. groups. Your Your or H ea lth lth S e e e rvic was was consid e r e d d to to b e e making making valu gram gram based based on on voluntary voluntary coo p e ration ration and and involving involving Th e e pr e s e nt nt milk milk and and food food program program of of th e e Public Public ex p ec t e d d that that th e r will will e e b e e some some abus es es in in any any pro cons um e rs rs of of food. food. milk milk which which is is of of high high quality. quality. I I suppose suppose it it must must b e e int e r e sts sts of of produ ce rs , , pro ces sors , , dish·ibutors, dish·ibutors, and and to to obs tru ct ct th e e mov e ment ment in in interstate interstate commerce commerce of of put put th e e Servic e e in in a a ke y y position position to to int eg rate rate the the th e s e e valuab l e e regulations regulations are are b e ing ing us e d d by by a a few few as as w e ll ll as as w ith ith other other F e d e ral ral agencies agencies and and industry , , as as trade trade barri e rs. rs. There There i s s amp l e e ev id e nc e e that that th e e Service Service over over many many years years with with Stat es es and and localities localities sanitary sanitary r eg ulations ulations b y y thos e e who who find find th em em profitabl e e e r . . Th e e Committ ee ee point e d d out out that that th e e work work of of a bl e e to to control control th e e d e lib e rat e e misus e e of of health health and and of of food food supply supply as as if if affects affects th e e health health of of th e e consum is is unfortunat It It e e that that the the program program has has not not been been ards ards which which cou ld ld maintain maintain and and improv e e th e e quality quality acc e pted pted with with confidence . . th e e focal focal point point for for res ea rch , , surve ill ance, ance, and and stand and and local local authoriti e s s so so that that certifications certifications can can b e e Th e e Public Public H ea lth lth S e rvic e e was was recomm e nd e d d as as lat e e uniformit y y of of p e rformanc e e on on th e e part part of of State State t ec tion tion programs ." ." Th e e main main rol e e of of th e e Public Public H ea lth lth Servic e e is is to to stimu ship, ship, and and convers i on on of of r esearc h h to to practical practical food food pro plianc e e and and e nforcement nforcement ratings ratings of of the the shippers. shippers. r eso urces urces for for ex p e rimental rimental work , , technical technical l eader w id e l y y distributes distributes the the list list of of th e e sanitation sanitation com organiza tion " " with with " gr ea tly tly incr e ased ased capacity capacity and and shipper. shipper. Th e e Public Public Health Health S e rvice rvice publish e s s and and "a "a nucleus nucleus around around which which to to build build a a multidisciplin e e publishing publishing ratings ratings only only with with th e e permission permission of of th e e Public Public H ea lth lth Service Service food food a nd nd milk milk program program b e e b y y qua lifi e d d Stat e e milk milk sanitation sanitation rating rating off ic ers, ers, Th e e Committ ee ee r eco mm e nd e d d that that th e e exi sting sting shippe r w s h ose ose products products and and plants plants hav e e b ee n n rated rated vironmental vironmental sh· e sses. " " of of milk supplies milk . . Participating Participating Stat es es r e port port on on those those portant portant emphasis-" in in combination combination with with other other en retain retain responsibilit y y for for the the wutine wutine sanitary sanitary contro l l ages ages on on man 's 's h ea lth, lth, a lon e e or-and or-and this this was was an an im ' ' b b is is e ntir e l y y voluntarv. voluntarv. Stat e e and and local local O'OV e rnments rnments Th e e r e port port st r esse d d th e e ff ec ts ts of of food food and and b eve r It It is is important important that that participation participation in in this this program program r e port port to to th e e findings findings of of that that g r oup. oup. counterpart counterpart in in government government operations. operations. for for that that fi e ld , , and and devoted ' ' a a portion portion of of its its fin a l l States States operation operation which, which, to to my my knowledg e, e, has has no no for for consideration, consideration, set set up up a a specia l l study study committee committee The The certification certification program program is is a a uniqu e e Federal chose chose "M ilk ilk and and Food" Food" as as one one of of th e e main main topics topics llO llO million million p eo pl e . . ti c ular ular inter es t t to to you you since since th e e Gross Gross Committe e e paliti es es and and counti es -a -a population population coverage coverage of of a lmost lmost m e ntal ntal health. health. Th e se se delib e rations rations will will b e e of of par r eg ulations ulations of of 37 37 Stat e s s and and more more than than 1900 1900 munici m e nt nt of of Public Public Health Health Servic e e programs programs in in e nviron adopted adopted as as th e e basis basis of of th e e milk milk sanitation sanitation l aw aw or or specialists specialists to to advise advise me me on on the the long-r ange ange develop adm ini strative strative and and t ec hnical hnical provisions provisions hav e e been been University University to to h ea d d a a committee committee of of distinguish e d d ratings ratings of of int e rstat e e milk milk shippers. shippers. Currently, Currently, its its yea rs rs ago ago I I called called upon upon Dr. Dr. Paul Paul M. M. Gross Gross of of Duk e e for for making making sanitation sanitation compliance compliance and and e nfor ce ment ment we we were were and and where where we we should should be be going, going, some some two two and and its its milksh e d d rating rating m e thod, thod, as as uniform uniform cr it eria eria B eca us e e of of our our need need for for an an overview overview of of where where Ordinance Ordinance and and Cod e e recomm e nded nded by by th e e S e rvice, rvice, national national health health program. program. on on Interstate Interstate Milk Milk Shipm e nts nts has has adopted adopted the the Milk Milk distinct distinct fi e ld ld of of r ese arch arch and and of of op e rations rations is is gratifying gratifying in in It It th e e to to us us that that th e e ational ational Conf e rence rence 1 1 Environmental Environmental mark e h dly dly ea lth lth r e duced. duced. has has become become an an important important and and pr ev al e nt nt among among milk milk sanitation sanitation r eg ulation s s has has b ee n n industr y, y, or or in in th e e r esea rch rch laboratory laboratory of of a a tmiversity. tmiversity. administrativ e e practic es . . Th e e great great variation variation once once part part or or e xt e nsion nsion of of its its mission mission in in anoth e r r agency, agency, in in A A 221 221 DECADE DECADE PROGRESS PROGRESS OF OF 222 A D ECADE OF PROGRESS program of sanitation and milk protection developed This is a challenge to us all. And I know this by the Public Health Service with the States and the Conference is well equipped to meet the challenge. dairy industry, will be carried much farther in the Your achievements in the past have been solid and thorough. I wish you continued progress in your years ahead and will serve as the basis for expanded (· programs. important work. .. 'I GLASS PIPELINE MILKER IMPROVEMENTS E. A. QursT Technical Products Division Cnrn in a Glass ·works, Comin g, New York The inh·oduction of the clean-in-place glass pipe the joint or connection of glass-to-glass or glass and line milking system nearly 12 years ago was an im another material. If the e nds joined did not pre portant development. Since then numerous improve cisely match, the pipe would not drain properly. ments have been made. Improvements were made In addition, the gaskets required t ended to soil. The for two reasons: to facilitate S milk- l l ee st s s s e inl a t s a r r e ith e s, s, jar r r ve i rece ld ld o e th e e lik . . s t gaske d d an gs gs lin p u co minating minating li e by by on on ti a t sani ncrease ncrease i d d n a e e r e w s s r a j cost cost h h g i ce ce e w du re y y rl line line Ea ille ille . . m e e cow h e e t o t th s s t e to to l in r r e ass ass l clos g ve ve ew ew r ese r 4. 4. ·e ·e w g i F uum uum vac a a rmit rmit e p ey ey th nd nd a d d e t a isol e e b o o t milk milk . 's 's w co l l a idu v indi e e th ow ow ll a ey ey th s: s: n easo r o o tw for for s s u geo nta va d a e e r a s r a j h g i we ass ass l g y, y, ll a r e n e G h h g . i Ve · · Ts. Ts. ja . . m e t sys g g milkin e e lin e pip e e t e mpl co a a in in s s t e k gas tal tal o t e e th lf lf a h ut ut o b a d d e iminat el ge ge n a h c d d n seco s s Thi . . t cos t t e inl milk milk ess ess ii1l a t s l l a tot e e th f f o ' ' · l l ' ' s s -third o tw e e r e w ts ts e k gas nd nd a gs gs uplin co e e Th . . ve i s n e p ex ess ess l nd nd a y nitar sa e e r a s s t e ii1l milk milk s s as Gl . . ts e inl l l a t e m l l a n o nti ve n co e e th f f o s t e k gas nd nd a uplings uplings co e e th g g tin a limin e e, e, pip ass ass l g e th n n o d d ce pla e e b w o n n ca ns ns o ti a tubul s s s a l g , , t s fir s: s: p e t s wo wo t in in d d ove impr e e r e w ts ts e l In n. n. o inati m nta co f f o ces ces ur so e e r we s, s, t e k gas e e th as as ll ll we as as , , lf se it n n o ti a tubul e e Th . . n o ti a tubul s s s e inl a t s e th o o t d e t ec nn co ose ose h milk milk e e Th . . s t e sk ga two two and and gs gs lin up co o o tw , , n o ti a bul tu tu ve ve al v l l ee t s s s es inl a st a a d d e jUir f e r es es lin ass ass l g n n o s t e inl milk milk s s . . u o ets i nl ev -i Pr ilk ilk M ll. ll. a t s in d d n a n n clea e, e, ndl a h to to easy easy e e r a s s r a j ver ver i ece r ass ass l g All- . . 2 e e ur g Fi ; ; - ubmit s n n ee b ave ave h nd nd a s nt e m e r i qu e r A) A) DHI ( n n o ti a oci s s A nt nt e m e Improv rd rd e H y y ir a D ithin ithin w d d e t a alibr c e e r a rs rs a j e e s e Th s. s. t e ask g e th g g liminatin e , , s as l g ll ll a e e r a s r a j h h g i we nt nt e s e Pr s. s. d o r g g n o l y y b r e th oge t ld ld e h , , nd e r r e ith e n n o s d ea h l ee t s ess ess inl a t s d d e t e sk ga with with s s r e lind cy ss ss la g g n o l r o r r a j h g i we a a as as d d e pt a d a il il a p r e . . g ilin so of of ces ces ur so , , ngs pli cou l l meta d d n a ng ng ti e k gas ved ved l invo t t nle i k k il m e e l y t s Old Old . . 3 e e ur g i F . . es p y t s s u o i v e pr n n a th ve ve i s n e p ex ess ess l nd nd a ll ll a t s in o o t sy sy a e y, y, r a sanit , , an e cl o o t y y as e e r a s jar e e s e Th d. d. e n g si e d e e r we jars jars r r ve i ece r s s All-gla g. g. ilin o s e e rabl e nsid co to to t t ec ubj s , , ption exce without without t t s almo , , and - r r e t e diam in in s s e h c in 10 10 g g asurin e m e e om s - ge ge r a l e e r e w ts ts e gask e e Th . . ds o r g g n o l y y b r e th e tog ld ld e h , , nd e r r e ith e n n o ads ads e h l l ee st ess ess l in a t s d d e t e gask ith ith w s r e lind cy ss ss la g g n o l r r o r r ve i ece r a a as as d d e pt a ad il il a p r e milk l l ee t s ess ess inl a st a a r r e ith e f f o 223 223 IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVEMENTS MILKER MILKER IPEL!.L'ffi IPEL!.L'ffi P S S S GLA 224 GLASS PIPELINE MILKER IMPROVEMENTS ted for DHIA approval. Vacuum releasers. Present vacuum releasers can not be cleaned well in place. All-glass releasers which will permit better cleaning and visibility are under d evelopment. , Tighter tole-rances. These improvements are per haps the most significant of this list. The pipe ends of early pipelines sometimes would create a dam-up in the line. Thus, improper drainage c~~ea t ed a sani tary hazard. Three improvements were taken to correct this situation. The step within the pipe was virtually eliminated. The step from pipe to pip ~ at a joint was eliminated by tightening pipe tolerances 75%. The gasket radius was reduced 50 per cent by making a sharper corner with a narrow, pro b·uding seat. This resulted in narrower gasket con tact, more pressure on the gasket and tighter seal. The key to a good dairyline pipe joint is the sharp ness of definition of the pipe itself. Pipe e nds should be flat and parallel with sharp corners. , Glass in general can be easily cleaned. The par- Figure 6. New, all-glass weigh jars e liminate gaskets en tirely and improve ease in cleaning. The new jars have measurements that conform with DHIA requirements. ticular material used in milk pipelines, borosilicate glass, is a hard composition, harder for example than ~ the glass used in milk bottles. Borosilicate glass re- sis ts scratching and scuffing and retains its smooth surface, free of pits and hollows where contaminants can collect. It resists scale build-up. In the work reported by Masurovsky and Jordan (1) three types of glass were studied for their clean ing properties. They included soda-lime dairy con tainer glass, Pyrex brand borosilicate glass and an acid-resistance blue glass enamel material. The latter is used to line such equipment as processing vats. Results showed that "all of the glasses studied were found to be highly cleanable." The optically polished specimen of borosilicate glass was designat ed as the standard of excellence for bacterial clean ability. Glass is of course transparent, which allows the farmer visual conh·ol of sanitizing operations and a means of completely checking clea.nliJ1 ess. Experience has shovvn that tl1e tempered glass requires only rea sonable care in handling during installation and operation. The piping withstands sudden changes in temperature up to 200F. It can be safely sterilized vvith hot water or live steam. It is not subject to electrolytic corrosion. Glass is impervious to the most powerful cleaning solutions. Glass pipelines are no more difficult to i11stall than Fi~ure 5. Old style weigh jars utilized a glass cylinder . pipe. The new-type sanitary with metal tops and bottoms gasketed. ·n1ese jars need to conventional metal be dismantled for cleaning. coupling permits permanent connections to be quick- Apr il il 16 , , 1963. 1963. · -: -: consu ltant , , m1d m1d b y y th e e State State milk milk sm1i t ai.:ian ai.:ian b eing eing f e r e n ce ce on on Int ers t ate ate Milk Milk S hiprn ~ nts , , M e mphis, mphis, Tennessee, Tennessee, e nforc eme nt nt pro g ram s s made made by by the ' Pr . . PHS ese nt ed ed · · J,'eg as as ion Progress Progress al al Report Report to · · t h e e Ninth Ninth National National Con and and s mall mall p as t e mi za tion tion plants , , producer producer dairies, dairies, and and ind e p e nd e nt nt and and Conference Conference conc urr en t t sanitation sanitation eva lu a tion and and s s of of r a ting ting l arge arge standards. standards. H e al th th S e rvice. rvice. St a nd a rdiz 6 . . Th a tion tion e e issuance issuance l l procedures procedures of of int include include e rpr e tations tations r e l a t ed ed to to ba s i c c and and Code-1953 Code-1953 R ecom . menclations menclations h ·o l l laboratori of of es, es, t h e e and and Public Public achieve achieve uniform uniform int e rpr e tation tation of of 5. 5. th Th e e Milk Milk e e eva Ordinan luation luation and and ce ce approval approval of of St a t e e milk milk co n ing ing Sanitation Sanitation Ra ti · ngs ngs o l l f f Milksheds; Milksheds; •• •• milk milk shipp m1d m1d (b) (b) e rs. rs. ' ' to to cluded cluded in in our our PHS PHS bull eti n n e ntitl e d d Met hods hods Th 4 e e of of . . co Mak nduct nduct of of check•ratings check•ratings of of list e d d int ers tat e e in in s ur v(;)y v(;)y pr oced ur es es b ase d d up on on th e e sanitation sanitation provisions provisions p in e rsonn e l. l. . . tw o fold: fold: ( a ) ) to · · h'ain h'ain State State milk milk sanitation sanitation p e rsonn 3. 3. Th e l l e e training training of of r eg ulator a~d a~d y y indush· y y milk milk Th e e purpose purpose of of our our stm1dardization stm1dardization procedur es es port i s s e b d y y th e e participating participating Stat e~ . . o ur ur most most import an t t program program ac tiviti es. es. tation tation and and e nforc e m e nt nt co mplianc e e ratings , , as as r e milk milk sa nit a ti on on rating rating off i cers cers continues continues to to b e e among among 2. 2. Th e e publication publication of of int e rstat e e milk milk shipper shipper sani The The s tandardi za tion tion a nd nd ce rtific a tion tion of of Sta.t e e work work of of milk milk sanitation sanitation r a ting ting p e rsonn e l. l. l. l. Th e e standardization standardization and and ce rtification rtification of of th e e STAl\'DARDIZ A TIO TIO OF OF PERSO PERSO T T ' NEL NEL part , , includ e : : gated gated a a numb e r r o f r f es ponsibiliti es es which, which, for for th e e most most offices. offices. To To impl e m e nt nt this this rol e, e, the the S e rvic e e h as as b ee d n e l e promotion promotion of of uniformit a y m o n g g all all of of our our r eg ional ional acce pt ed ed with with confidence confidence b y y a a r ece iving iving area. area. ministrativ e e to o l l will will co ntribut ; ; e e materially materially to to th e e that that any any Stat e e certification certification of of a a milk milk suppl y y can can b e e to to a ll ll of of our our field field s t a ff. ff. We We beli e ve ve th a t t this this ad and and p e rformanc e e on on the the p a rt rt of of Stat e e authoriti es, es, so so manual manual has has b ee n n completed completed a nd nd ha s s been been tr ansm itt ed ed about about th e e high es d t eg r ee ee of of uniformit y y in in attitude attitude pl e as e d d to to r e port port to to thi s s Conference Conference th a t t such such a a H e alth alth S e rvi ce ce in in this this coo p e r a tiv e e activity activity is is to to bring bring delegated delegated responsibilities responsibilities s ju m t e ntion e d. d. vV e e a r e e As As yo u u kno w, w, th e e prin c ip a l- rol e e of of th e e Public Public f o rm rm proc e dur es es to to b e e follo wed wed in in carrying carrying out out th e e and and with with man y y promis e s s of of futur e e program program growth. growth. office office field field manna! manna! to to g uid e e o ur ur personnel personnel in in uni c harg e d d with with many many sourc es es of of program program satisfaction , , th e e Conference Conference th a t t we we were were d eve loping loping a a regional regional It It h as as b ee n n an an ex h ·e m e l y y bus y y two- yea p r e riod , , Two Two yea rs rs ago , , Mr. Mr. John John D. D. Faulkner Faulkner r e port ed ed to to 1962 . . e ffecti ve n ess. ess. of of Int e rstat e e Milk Milk Shipp e rs, rs, during during th e e p e riod riod 1961- m e nt nt of of some some operating operating pr oce dur es es a nd nd program program th e e Coop e rative rative Stat e -PHS -PHS Progr a m m for for C e rtifi c ation ation and and to to mak e a a e f ew ew co mm e nts nts concerning concerning impr ove as as to to th e e activities activities of of th e e Public Public H ea lth lth Servic e e in in ce rtific a tion tion program program during during the the p e riod riod 1961 - 196 2 2 National National Conf e r e nc e e on on Int e rstat e e N lilk lilk Shipm e nts , , activities activities r e lat e d d to to th e e cooperative cooperative milk milk shipper shipper It It is is ind eed eed a a pl eas ur e e to to r e port port to to thi s, s, th N e inth inth At At thi s s tim e, e, w e e would would lik e e to to hi g hli g ht ht our our major major D e pwtm e nt nt of of H e alth , , Ed u catio n n and and We lfar e, e, 1Vashington , , D . . C. C. Milk Milk and and Food Food Bmn c h , , D-i v i s i o n n o f f E n vi1'on m e ntal ntal E n gi n ee ri . n g g and and Food Food Prot ec tion , , L. L. EowrN EowrN R u PP ERT ERT L. L. AN'D AN'D JoE JoE PERR I.t'>' I.t'>' PROGRAM- 1961-1962 ' ' RELATING RELATING TO TO THE THE INTERSTATE INTERSTATE MILK MILK SHIPPER SHIPPER CERTI . FICATION FICATION ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES OF OF THE THE U. U. S. S. PUBLIC PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH SERVICE SERVICE improvements improvements in in pip e lin e e milking milking systems systems 41:1342 m a k -1 e e 358. th e e 19 58. 58. Th e e R prop e lati ve ve e rti C es es l ea nability nability of of glass glass o f f piping piping M ilk ilk Conta and and c t t th Surfa e e co ces. ces. ntinuin J . . Dairy Dairy g g S c i. , , Masurovsky l. l. , , E. E. B. B. a nd nd Jord a n , , 'vV. 'vV. K. K. Studi es es on on th e e sa nitation nitation th e e pip e lin e e system system affords. affords. REFERENCES REFERENCES cedure cedure takes takes fullest fullest advantage advantage of of th e e eco nom y y and and it it is is b e st st adapt e d d to to th e e p a rlor rlor operation. operation. This This pro p os ition ition in in th e e futur e . . tions. tions. G e n e rall y, y, in-us e e ex p e rienc e e has has shown shown that that sys t em em m a int e n a n ce ce of of thi s s hi g h h sani t a ti o n-l ow ow cost cost in in milk milk transf e r , , around-the-barn around-the-barn and and p a rlor rlor installa r esea r c h h and and d eve lopm e nt nt assures assures th e e g la ss ss pip e lin e e Glass Glass pip e lin e e milk e rs rs h ave ave b ee n n successfully successfully us ed ed and and mo s t t sa nitar y y sys t e m s s available. available. Continuing Continuing l y y and and in e xp e nsiv e ly ly made. made. g l ass ass milker milker one one of of th e e most most eff i c i en t , , l east east ex p i ens ve ve GLASS GLASS PIP ELINE ELINE MILKER MILKER IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVEMENTS . . 225 225 226 ACTIVITIES OF PuBLIC HEALTH SrnvrcE standardized. Complete inspections and appraisals is carried out in substantially the same manner as are compared, and differences of interpretations and previously described for State milk sanitation per application of administrative and technical require sonnel. ments of the Milk Ordinance and Code and the rating procedures are mutually discussed and clarified. PuBLICATION OF Col\-IPLIANCE RATINGS Standardization procedures are, generally, a pre One of the most satisfying aspects of this coopera requisite to formal certification. During formal cer ~ tive certification activity has been its phenomenal •• tification, at least 25 producer dairies and five pas growth. teurization plants of various sizes are visited and in The April 1, 1963, publicatioh of "Sanitation Com dependently evaluated by the State milk sanitarian pliance and Enforcement Ratings of Interstate Milk and the PHS regional consultant. Our field manual Shippers" contained the names and ratings of 899 of operations specifies, that in order to qualify for interstate milk shippers-including the ratings of 25 a rating officer's certificate, the State milk sanitarian shippers of Grade A dry milk products-located in must (a) agree with the regional consultant 80 per cent 41 States and the District of Columbia. These 899 of the time on individual items of sanitation, (b) satisfy shippers represent more than a five-fold increase in the regional consultant as to his ability to conduct a decade of program operation and represent the pasteurization equipment tests, and (c) demonstrate milk production of over 136,000 dairy farms. his proficiency in conducting and computing milk The demand for the interstate milk shipper list sanitation compliance and enforcement ratings. As by regulatory officials and by representatives of the , many of you know, the certification of State milk dairy industry has increased sharply. Currently, the sanitation rating officers is usually for a period not list is being dish·ibuted to over 2,000 addressees. The to exceed three years from the date of certification use of this list for additional information which or recertification. would facilitate the interstate movement of milk We are very pleased to report that there are cur plant coding for labeling identification, for example rently 125 certified State milk sanitation rating of -raises some interesting possibilities. ficers located in 44 States. The responsibilities which are placed upon these individuals cannot be over TRAINING emphasized. They truly hold a key to the integrity and success of the interstate milk shippers program; The annual regional seminars for State milk sani for when they certify to the Public Health Service tation rating officers and State laboratory survey of the ratings of a shipper for listing, they assume full ficers, as called for by Conference Procedures, con responsibility that the supply is under adequate and tinue to be very well attended. full-time supervision; that it is being supervised in These seminars provide an excellent opportunity accordance with basic standards of the program; and to develop a high degree of uniformity among States that the supply does, in fact, come from farms and in the application of supervisory, laboratory, rating piants which actually merit the ratings submitted. and administrative procedures. Each participant at During the two-year p eriod covered by this report, the seminar is provided with the opportunity to bring 96 State milk sanitation rating officers were certifiE'd up individual problems encountered during the past by our regional personnel. Of this number, 2 6 in year and to benefit from group discussion. Public dividuals were cert,ified for the first time and 60 Health Service headquarters personnel attend each of were rating officers whose work was being recertified. these seminars so as to assist in bringing about greater A current list of all State milk sanitation rating of uniformity of interpretations throughout the counh·y. ficers is published in July of each year by the The Service also utilizes this opporhmity to discuss Public H ealth Service. problems it has encountered as well as to become more \Ve are happy to report that modest increases in knowledgeable of the needs of the States. When we our interstate milk shipper program budget have begin to appreciate our mutual problems, we are then permitted us to add thTee new milk consultants to better prepared to work out solutions together. our regional office field staff during the pas t two During the past two years, our regional offices y·ears. We also expect to fill three additional region have sponsored 16 such annual seminars with a total al office positions by the end of this fiscal year. attendance of nearly 300. In addition to these re Considerable effort has been expended in standardiz gional seminars , the Service has conducted and par j ng their rating procedures in order to assure uni ticipated in a number of milk sanitation and lab formity. During 1961 and 1962, the rating pro oratory topical training courses held both at our cedures of six PHS regional representatives were Sanitary Engineering Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, and evaluated and standardized by headquarters per in the States . Over 5,000 representatives from uni sonnel. Standardization of our regional consultants versities, State and local regulatory agencies and the H ea lth lth Service Service b efo r e e issuan ce ce of of ce rtificat es es to to milk milk Cop i es es of of th ese ese int e 1pr e t a tions tions are are not not only only sent sent to to sonnel sonnel a r e e o n e e • of of th e e criteria criteria utiliz ed ed b y y th e e Public Public of of a a uniform uniform coding coding system system for for all all interpretations. interpretations. c at e d d in in 33 33 Stat es . . Su c h h joint joint visits visits with with State State p er fonnity, fonnity, a a giant giant step step was was m ade ade b y y th e e es t ab li shment shment accompanied accompanied in in joint joint v isits isits to to local local laboratories laboratories lo zation zation ac ti v iti es es h ave ave mad e e toward toward a ttainin g g uni . , dition, dition, 4 2 2 Stat e e milk milk laboratory laboratory survey survey officers officers were were m e ntion e ' ' r d eg ional ional seminars seminars and and fi e ld ld standardi .representatives .representatives of of th e e Public Public H ea lth lth S e rvic e. e. In In a d In In a ddition ddition to to tl 1e 1e con tribution s s th a t t th e e previously previously d e partm e nts nts locat e d d in in 39 39 Stat es es were were r ev i ewe b d y y achieved. achieved. oratories oratories of of 31 31 Stat e e h ea lth lth and and 13 13 Stat e e agriculture agriculture l l .. .. ' ' we we b e li eve eve that that e ncour ing ing ag p r r p o g g o r r e s s e s s has has b een een oratory oratory proc e dur es es and and facilities facilities in in th e e central central lab Although Although absolute absolute uniformity uniformity can can never never b o e btain e d , , Since Since th e e last last National National Conference, Conference, th e e milk milk l a b Milk Milk Ordin a nc e e and and Code Code is is a a continuing continuing ac ti v ity . . pr e tation tation L and and AB ORATORY ORATORY application application EV ALUATIONS ALUATIONS of of tl1 e e provision s s of of th e e amo ng ng Public Public Health Health S e rvi ce ce p erson n e l l in in tl 1e 1e int e r clud e e its its d ec ision ision as as Th a a e e maintenance maintenance policy policy in in th e e of of " Pro uniformit ce dur es a y . " " m o ng ng States States and and lik e e th e e Conference Conference to to co nsid e r r this this matter, matter, a nd nd in I NTERPRETATI O NS NS originally originally certified certified th e e shipper shipper for for listing. listing. We We would would sults sults of of check-ratings check-ratings only only to to that that State State age n cy cy which which e e interstat milk milk shipper. shipper. has has It It b ee n n our our practic e e to to r e leas e e th e e d e tail e d d re should should b e e sa tisf ac t o ril y y comp l e t ed ed bi e nni a ll y y for for each each of of th e e r ece ipt ipt of of milk milk from from a a specific specific e list d d shipper. shipper. are are not not full y y co mpl e t e d. d. Sampling Sampling survey survey form s s ratings ratings for for th e e purpos e e of of justif y ing ing th e e prohibition prohibition still still r e pr ese nts nts only only token token participation participation as as th e e f o rm s s provid e e th e m m with with d e tail e d ' ' information information on on our our check ; ; eve r, r, in in many many cases, cases, r ece ipt ipt of of th ese ese sampling sampling . forms forms on on occasion, occasion, be e n n requ es ted ted · by by receiving receiving St a tes tes to to s ur vey vey forms forms were were r ece iv e d d fr om om 26 26 States. States. How r ega rding rding th e e frequency frequency of of check-ratings. check-ratings. vVe vVe hav e, e, wh e r eas, eas, during during 1959 1959 samplin~ samplin~ and and 1960 , , only only 252 252 f e r e nc e e should should be be mor e e specific specific in in the the " Proc e dur es" es" agriculture agriculture laboratori es es and and th e e District District of of Columbia· Columbia· rating rating function_. function_. In In this this r ega rd, rd, we we beli eve eve th e e Con vey vey forms forms were were r ece iv e d d from from 37 37 Stat e e h ea lth lth and and not not ov e remphasiz e e th e e importan ce ce of of th e e check tori es . . During During th e e past past tw o o yea r s, s, 472 472 sampling sampling sur voluntary voluntary program program is is pl ace d d in in j eo pardy. pardy. '\ iVe iVe can laboratori es es and and Stat e e officiall y y d es ignat e d d labora maintain e d d b e r,;v ee n n ratings, ratings, th e e int eg rity rity of of th e e survey survey forms forms from from Stat e e h ea lth lth or or agriculh1re agriculh1re official official sanitation sanitation status status of of interstat e e shipper shipper suppli es es can can b e e tlcul a r r e mphasis mphasis upon upon obtaining obtaining completed completed sampling sampling As As has has b ee n n pointed pointed out out in in th e e past , , unless unless th e e . . In In 1961 , , the the Public Public H e alth alth Service Service plac e d d par of of past e urization urization plants. plants. samples. samples. addition , , th e re re were were 53 53 r eq u e sts sts for for r e inspections inspections 30 30 p e r r ce -+- nt nt on on viable viable plat e e counts counts of of norm a l l milk milk were were significantly significantly below below th e e published published rating. rating. In In p e r r cent cent of of th e e analysts analysts p a rticip a ting , , agreed agreed within within r es urv eye b d us eca e e the the results results of of the the check-ratings check-ratings District District of of Columbia. Columbia. In In th e e 1962 1962 split split samples, samples, 80 80 or or 17.3 17.3 p e r r cent cent of of the the listed listed shippers, shippers, b e e completely completely 53 53 St a t e e h ea ltl1 ltl1 or or agriculture agriculture l a boratori es es and and the the Of Of this this numb e r, r, it it was was nec essa ry ry to to request request that that 74, 74, were were r e port e d d in in split split milk milk samples samples sent sent in in 196 2 2 to to · regional regional office office p e rsonn e l l during during the the past past two two yea rs. rs. ditional ditional samples samples were were h e lpful lpful since since bett e r r es ults ults . . Ther e e wer e e 427 427 ch ec k-ratings k-ratings conducted conducted by by our our biotics biotics or or phosphatas e e t es ts. ts. Apparently, Apparently, tl1 ese ese ad indicat e e th e e n ee d d for for this this t y p e e of of surveillance. surveillance. initiall y y fail e d d to to d e t ec t t samples samples positiv e e for for anti ratings. ratings. Th e e r e sults sults of of our our check-ratings check-ratings cl ea rl y y Additional Additional samples samples were were sent sent to to 19 19 lab o ratori es es which which · of of a a shipper 's 's supply supply is is maintained maintained b e tween tween official official laboratori es es in in 49 49 Stat es es and and th e e Dish · ict ict of of Columbia. Columbia. determine determine how how w e ll ll the the sanitation sanitation compliance compliance status status samples samples to to 53 53 Stat e e h ea lth lth or or agriculture agriculture cenh·al cenh·al is is to to assure assure th e e validity validity of of publish e d d ratings ratings and and to to In In 1961 , , the the Publi c c H e alth alth S e rvic e e se nt nt split split milk milk ratings, ratings, as as specifi e d d in in th e e Conference Conference Proc e dur es, es, tablishing tablishing program s . . . . be e n n said said h e r e e in in th e e past-th a t t th e e purpos e e of of check tmental tmental St a t e s s had had r eq u es t ed ed PHS PHS as sistanc e e in in es pi·o · grams. grams. We We would would like like to to r ee mphasiz e e what what has has o.f o.f loc a l l milk milk laboratori e s s and and th e e r e maining maining two two con p e t e ncy ncy and and adequacy adequacy of of Stat e e r a ting ting officers officers and and tin e ntal ntal Stat e s s had had d e v e lop e d d programs programs for for approval approval e ffort , , and and that that th ey ey cast cast aspersions aspersions as as to to th e e com pro ce dur es. es. B y y th e e clos e e of of 1962 , , 46 46 of of th e e con that that th ese ese check-ratings check-ratings are are a a duplication duplication of of Stat e e eva luating luating and and approving approving laboratory laboratory faciliti es es and and ar '\~ e e T e e still still rec e iving iving comm e nts nts from from a a f ew ew Stat es es and and 1962 1962 in in carrying carrying out out their their r es ponsibiliti es es for for rating rating ac tiviti e s s dming dming the the past past two two yea rs . . Service Service milk milk laboratory laboratory r e pr esen tativ es es dming dming 1961 1961 Continu e d d e mphasis mphasis has has b ee n n plac e d d on on check Altog e th e r , , 4 0 0 Stat es es were were visited visited by by Public Public H ea lth lth CI-IECK-RATINGS CI-IECK-RATINGS OF OF LISTED LISTED I NTE RSTATE RSTATE lumbia SHIPPERS SHIPPERS . . 50 50 individu a ls ls in in 35 35 States States and and th e e District · · of of C::o h e ld ld during during the the past past two two years. years. laboratory laboratory survey survey officer officer certificates certificates were were e issu d d to to dairy dairy industry industry hav e · attended attended 98 98 such such laborator trainin s y g g co urv urs ey ey es es officers. officers. During During th e e p as t t yea r , , AcnviTms AcnviTms OF OF PuBLIC PuBLIC HE ALTH ALTH S ERVICE ERVICE 227 227 228 ACTIVITIES OF PuBLIC H EALTH SERYICE our regional office personnel but also to State milk Another area of interest to the Conference is the conh·ol authorities and all State milk sanitation rating detailed evaluations which om regional personnel officers. It has been very gratifying to hear so many are making of State milk programs and procedures. favorable comments concerning this new coding These evaluations are made for the purpose of assur .~ . system. ing uniform application of procedures governing the t State-PHS Program for the Certification of Inter MISCELLA 'EOUS state Milk Shippers. During the two-year period covered by this report, the programs of 11 States have There are a few other brief areas of interest which been reviewed. These revievvs h~ve been quite help we would like to make reference to at this time. ful to a number of the States. In one such State, One of them is concerned with the continuous sur Service recommendations assisted in seeming a sup vey procedure. As you will recall, the last National plemental appropriation of $28,000 to enable the Conference charged the Public Health Service with State sanitation agency to better carry out its res the development of such a procedure to be included ponsibilities under the cooperative interstate milk as a supplement to our conventional method of mak shippers program. It is hoped that we will be able ing milk sanitation ratings. In attempting to develop to conduct program evaluations in each State at such an alternate procedure, we have encotmtered a least once every three years. number of practical problems which have precluded our completion of this assigned charge. As most of you are aware, we are in the process The continuous survey procedure is basically one . of revising the 1953 PHS Milk Ordinance and Code, in which the conventional survey procedure is spread which is the basic milk sanitation standard for this , out over a long period of time. The many different program. \Ve expect that the revised standard will sizes, types and geographical distribution of milk be available for consideration by the Tenth National sheds create an almost insurmountable problem be Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments. cause of the variables. Accordingly, we have been Perhaps many of you have already noticed our unable to arrive at uniform procedures which would new and attractive brochure entitled "Safe 1viilk" . be both meaningful and acceptable to receiving on the shelf of the interstate milk shipper exhibit. States. Describing tl1e principles and accomplishments of The opinion has been eli.'Pressed by some that with the IMS program, this brochure is now available in the use of the continuous survey procedure, the in quantity lots through the Superintendent of Docu itiative for maintaining sound milk sanitation pro ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing grams would be transferred from local communities ton 25, D. C. to the State rating agency. The Public Health Service is very pleased to be a In view of the problems that we have encountered participant in tl1is uniquely successful program. \iVe relative to this continuous smvey procedure, we be know that together we can cooperatively resolve many lieve that the Conference should reevaluate its recom of the problems which have been referenced in this mendation to include this method as an alternate report and which you have brought to the Con survey procedure. ference. Plan To Attend The Fiftieth ANNUAL MEETING OF The International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians October 22-25, 1963 Guest Banquet Speaker Royal York Hotel Dr. Carl C. Byers Toronto, Ontario General Motors Corp. prot e in in film film or or the the a ppl e e butt er, er, j e ll y y or or whatever whatever r es ults ults with with a a pH pH of of 11 11 a - nything nything l ess ess is is trouale. trouale. a a com parison parison s tandpoint. tandpoint. In In brushin g g eq uipm e nt , , judgm en t t will will be be off. off. You You can can on l y y get get satisfactory satisfactory fore fore we we go go into into this , , l et's et's l ook ook at at the the s ituation ituation from from w ill ill b e e fool ed ed b y y ho w w man y y tim es es yo ur ur original original Th e e n ex t t thing thing to to co nsid er er is is th e e prot eil1 eil1 film . . B e of of th e e was h h so lution lution of of yom yom alkaline alkaline d e t erge nt. nt. You You involv e d. d. than than a n n origuml origuml hardn ess ess t es t , , and and check check th e e pH pH build build a a r es idu e e on on eq uipm l l e nt nt without without a n y y milk milk b e u1 g g wet wet pi ece ece of of eq uipm e nt. nt. Always Always go go one one step step fmther fmther C.I.P. C.I.P. det e rg e nts , , und e r r certain certain conditions, conditions, will will Neve r r jud ge ge o r r assume assume success success b y y looking looking at at a a posit e d d by by th e e d e t e rg e nt nt its e lf. lf. Som e e typ es es of of mov e e it it with with a a r eg ul ar ar wash. wash. l l , l l that that th e e accumula t ion ion o bs e rv e d d may may h ave ave b ee d n e good good s h ·o ng ng solution solution of of alka lin e e d e t e rg e nt nt will will r e or or both . . On e e must must n ever ever overlook overlook th e e possibilit y y do do not not remove remove th e e acc umulation , , then then it it is is fat, fat, and and a a it it is is of of min e ral ral origin , , that that is e , ith er er water water or or milk , , off off b e for e e th e e ac id id is is a ppli e d . . If If acid acid and and chlorine chlorine film film or or d e posit , , it it i s s r eas onabl y y safe safe to to ass um e e th a t t B e e sure sure t o o u se se a a diff ere nt nt spot, spot, or or rins e e the the chlorine chlorine Of Of course, course, if if yo u u observe observe a a hard hard white white or or off-white off-white t ein, ein, it it is is e ith er er fat fat or or mineral. mineral. Th e e n ex t t step step is is acid. acid. ye llow llow film , , or or it it may may be be blu o e r r various various shades. shades. if if it it is is prot e in in it it will will b e e r e mov e d. d. If If it it is is not not pro fici e nt. nt. The The fat fat accumu l a ti on on m ay ay b e e ev id e nt nt as as a a l a ti on on pr e s e nt nt on on pip e lin e e or or tank , , appl y y chlorine chlorine - Th e e alkaline alkaline d e t e r gent gent wash wash wo uld uld h ave ave b ee n n s uf cleaning cleaning difficulti es. es. Fi rst -if -if th e r e e is is an an accumu c ulati on on wou ld ld ce rt a inl y y ha ve ve b ee n n wasted wasted e ffort. ffort. H e r ew ith ith submi tt e i d s a a s proc e dur e e for for checking checking If If this this were were th e e case, case, th e e e e milkston r emover emover c u · on e e ounce ounce to to two two ga ll ons. ons. it it would would h ave ave quite quite a a fat fat build - up. up. a a l ow ow g rain rain hardn ess ess and and it it is is easy easy t o o r ecommend ecommend has has b ee n n washed washed r eg ul a rly rly w ith ith mi lk stone stone r e mo ve r , , \ V h e n n this this co ndition ndition is is co nfront e d , , th e e wa t e r r h as · · do e s s it it work ? ? Assuming Assuming th at at th e e pip e lin e e or or tank tank ; ; wat e r r sup pli es es often often run run from from a a pH pH of of thre e e to to six. six. That That is is the the usual usual pro ce dur e e follow e d , , but but how how often often dition. dition. In In m a n y y s ec ti o ns ns of of th e e south south and and e ast , , farm farm sh·ong sh·ong so luti on on of of chlorinated chlorinated alkaline alkaline d e t e rg en t ? ? th a t t is is too too often often e n cOtm t e r e i d a s n n acid acid water water co n c ul ating ating wi th th milkston e e r e mov e f r o ll owed owed b y a a y lows lows a a fast e r r e l e as e e of of th e e c hlor i n e. e. Ano th e r r factor factor ficulti es, es, what what do do you you do ? ? Do Do yo u u start start b y y ci r bon a t e e content, content, th e e alkalinity alkalinity is is buff e r e d d and and a l vVh e n n you you go go on on a a farm farm that that has has cl ea ning ning dif wa t e h r a rdn ess ess incr eases eases in in th e e su lph ate ate and and car short," short," sooner sooner or or lat e r r cl ea ning ning difficulti es es will will occm. occm. r easo ns ns for for this this are are of t e n n misl ea du1g . . When When th e e ' Wh e n n on e e or or mor e e of of th e s e e fiv e e fa c tors tors are are " cut cut not not r ec omm e nding nding e nough nough in in th e e first first plac e. e. Th e e so luti on on to to th e e milk milk surface surface in in th e e tim e e a ll owed. owed. r ecom mend ed ed amount. amount. Another Another co mmon mmon fa c tor tor is is possibl e e and and apply apply a a maximum maximum amount amount of of wash wash an an a mount mount of of d e t e rg e nt . . For For exa mpl e, e, one -h alf alf th e e 5. 5. Proper Proper ve l ocity ocity to to provid e e as as much much friction friction as as c hl orine orine is is dissipat e d . . Another Another is is ':JSing ':JSing too too small small tain tain ma x imum imum cleaning cleaning and and e liminat e e so il il redeposit. redeposit. open open - th e e d e terg e nt nt absorbs absorbs moistur e e and and th e e 4. 4. Prop e t r em peratur e e of of wash wash solution solution to to main ways. ways. On e e is is th e e result result of of l eav ing ing th e e con t ainer ainer react react to to a ll ll soil soil pres e nt . . This This situation situation ma y y b e e brought brought about about b y y various various 3. 3. Proper Proper concenh·ation concenh·ation of of the the was h h so lution lution to to th e e l ac k k of of c hlorin e e in in th e e wash wash so luti on. on. chem i ca ll y y and and physicall y y wi th th th e e milk milk soi l. l. cal cal cleaning. cleaning. The The ca fil~ fil~ us e e of of th e e prot e in in is is then , , 2. 2. Proper Proper tim e e for for th e e wash wash so lution lution to to r eac t t c hlorin e . . Ch l o rin e e b ecome s s o ur ur brush brush in in m e chani so lution . . oth e m r ea ns. ns. This This primaril functio~ functio~ y y is is th e e of of Prop e l. l. r r coverage coverage of of all all s urfa ces ces b y y th e e v vas h h we we do do not not hav e e bru s h h fricti o n n a nd nd so so must must r e lv lv on on cleaning cleaning is is d e p e nd e nt nt upon: upon: ce nh·ation , , and and il1 il1 some some cases, cases, t em p e r a tur e e are are used , , , , ing severa l l things things must must b e e considered. considered. Mechanica l l kept kept it it from from forming . . Wh e n n tim e, e, veloci t y , , con from from a a brush brush wash wash operation operation to to mechanical mechanical wash was was us e d . . Th e n , , fric ti o n n r ea dil y y r e mov e d d it it and and \\ ! h e n n th e e dairy dairy farm farm cl ea ning ning operation operation is is changed changed it it may may b e e ca ll e d , , was was n eve r r a a probl e m m when when a a brush brush • I I u'INEAPOLIS, u'INEAPOLIS, ~vf ~vf INNESOTA INNESOTA MONARCH MONARCH CHE M IC ALS, ALS, INC. INC. TE C H N I CAL CAL SERVICE SERVICE D E PARTM ENT ENT E. E. RA~IOND RA~IOND KASTEND!EK KASTEND!EK A.N A.N INDUSTRY INDUSTRY VIEW VIEW OF OF CLEANING CLEANING OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SPECIAL SPECIAL FEATURE FEATURE 229 229 230 PROGRAM FIFTIETH ANNUAL MEETING INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS t In Cooperation With THE CENTRAL ONTARIO MILK SANITARIANS ASSOCIATION ..~ October 22-25, 1963 I Royal York Hotel Toronto, Canada Registration Tuesday, Oct.ober 22 - 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Convention Lobby Wednesday, O~tober 23 - 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Convention Lobby Women's Activities - $5.00 Registration Fee Meeting Registration Fee $5.00 IAMFES OFFICERS Visual Aids - DR. D. :tv!. IRVIKE, Chairman President: R. A. BELKNAP, Barrington, Ill. Doo·r P·rizes - V•l . J. LAWRENCE, Cha·irman President-Elect: J. H. FRITZ, Washington, D. C. Entertainment - Ladies Acti.vities - MR. A1'-TD MRs. F·irst V·ice President: DR. vV. c. LAWTON, Minnea- V. JENSEN, MRs. W. D. McCoR- ' polis, Minnesota QUODALE, MRs. vV. J. LAWRENCE Second V·ice President: F. E. UETZ, Iew York, N. Y. Banquet - GEORGE HAZELWOOD Secreta·ry-Treastl1'er: K. K. JoNES, Inrnanapolis, Ind. Finances- J. C. PAU.IER, Clw·innan Exectttive Secretary: H. L. THOMASSON, Shelbyville, Ind. DR. C. K. JoHNS, Liaison Officer EXECUTIVE BOARD SUNDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1963 f · DR. J. J. SHEURINC DR. \ V. c. LAWTON 3:00 p.m.-Executive Board Meeting, Suite c. E. vVALTON F. E. UETZ 6:00 p.m.-Dinner R. A. BELKNAP K. K. JONES 8:00 p .m.-Executive Board Meeting, Suite J. H. FRITZ H. L. THOMASSON, Ex-officio JOURNAL OF MILK AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY MONDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1963 Associate Editor: DR. J. · C. OLSON, Jn., St. Paul, 8:00 a.m.-Executive Board Meeting, Suite Minnesota 12:00 Noon-Lunch Managing Editor: H. L. THOMASSON, Shelbyville, 1:30 p.m.-Executive Board Meeting, Suite Indiana 6:00 p.m.-Dinner 8:00 p.m.-Executive Board Meeting, Suite CENTRAL ON'FARIO MILK SANITARIANS ASSOCIATION President: \V. D. McCORQUODALE, Toronto SPECIAL MEETINGS Vice President: Dn. T. E. vVATT, Oshawa Secretary: F. W. H A::vnLTON, Guelph TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1963 T1·easurer: J. vV. R.<\ITHBY, Toronto 8:00 a.m.-12:00 Noon-Executive Board, Suite l. Report on Local Arrangements PROGRAM COMMITTEE, IAMFES 2. R eport of Executive Secretar·y 3. Report on Sanitarian's Joint Council J. H. FRITZ, Chairman F. E. UETZ D:R. w. c. LAWTON K. K. JO NES 12:00 Toon-1:00 p.m.-Ltmch 1:30 p.m.-5:00 p.m.-Executive Board, Suite LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEES l. Report of Journal Management Com Registration -- F. vV. HAMILTON, Chairman mittee • Reception - D . J. WooD, Clwi1·man 1 2. Report of Affiliate Council Chairman Publicity and :Attendance -,-- E. C. PINDER, Chairman 3. Regular Agen:da .. : . 12:00 12:00 Noon- Lunch eo R n ecess ecess THOMASSON, THOMASSON, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Indiana Indiana 11: 45 45 a.m.-An noun ceme nt s s 1. 1. R epor t t of of Executive Executive S ecre t ary, ary, H. H. L. L. 3:15 3:15 p .m.-ANNUAL .m.-ANNUAL BUSINESS BUSINESS MEETING MEETING Pr es id e nt nt B ELKNAP ELKNAP ' ' . . . . . . COMMITTEE COMMITTEE 3:10 3:10 p .m . - Door Door Prize Prize Drawing Drawing ' ' . 11 :3 0 0 a . m.-CHARGE m.-CHARGE ' ' TO TO THE THE NOMINATING NOMINATING 3: 00 00 p.m.-Business p.m.-Business Session Session sin sin ve rsity rsity of of vVisconsin, vVisconsin, Ma 2:45 2:45 dison p.m.-Break p.m.-Break , , W'iscon ·' ·' l l • • m e nt nt of of Dair y y and and Food Food Industri es, es, Uni 2 :30 :30 p .m . -D i sc u ss ion ion ·c. ·c. DR . . K. K. vVECKEL , , Professor, Professor, D e p a rt IAMFES " " ca l l Center, Center, Indianapolis , , Indi a n a a 11 : 00 00 a.m.-"THE a.m.-"THE NEX T T FIFTY FIFTY YEARS YEARS W IT H H Public Public H ea lth , , Indiana Indiana University University Medi DR. DR. S. S. H . . Service, Service, HoPP ER, ER, ' Vas H ea hington d , , D e partment partment , , D . . C. C. of of PROFESSIO t ec tion , , United United NA LISM States States " " Public Public Health Health 2 :00 :00 p . m.-"PREREQUISITES m.-"PREREQUISITES v ironm e ntal ntal Engineering Engineering TO TO and and Food Food Pro f o r r Progr am am Planning , , Di vis i on on of of En 1: 45 45 p.m.-Door p.m.-Door Prize Prize Drawin g g mental mental H ea lth ," ," M. M. C . . HoP E, E, Ass' t. t. Chief Chief DR . . E. E. T. T. WATT, WATT, " Sanit Pr a ri es a ns idin ' ' R g g es ponsibility ponsibility for for Environ 10:15 10:15 a.m . -KEYNOTE -KEYNOTE ADDRESS ADDRESS AFTERNOON AFTERNOON SESS I ON ON CONCERT CONCERT HALL HALL Chicago ; ; , , Illinois Illinois THURSDAY, THURSDAY, OCTOBER OCTOBER 24, 24, 1963 1963 A. A. R. R. B EL K 1 1 AP , , Pr eside n t, t, IAMFES , , 9:50 9:50 a . m.-PRESIDENTIAL m.-PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS ADDRESS 5: 00 00 p .m.-Ad journm e nt nt Ontario Ontario Alderman Alderman RI CHARD CHARD HARKINS, HARKINS, R. R. Toronto , , 4 : 45 45 p . m.-Discussion m.-Discussion 9:35 9:35 a.m.-ADDRESS a.m.-ADDRESS OF OF WELCOME WELCOME wan , , Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Gu e lph , , Ontario Ontario Dair y y Science, Science, University University of of Sa skatc h e Dept. , , 0 0 n t t n a a r i i r o o Ag ricultural ricultural Colleg e, e, DR. DR. D. D. Grnso L. L. N, N, H ea d, d, D e p a rtment rtment of of RE v. v. W. W. A. A. You . . ' G , , Pub Pub I i i I c c R e lation s s AND AND DAIRY DAIRY FIELDS " " 9:30 9:30 a.m . -INVOCATION -INVOCATION 4: 15 15 p . m.- "C O iV IMUNICATIONS IMUNICATIONS IN IN THE THE FOOD FOOD 8: 00 00 a.m.-REGISTRATION a.m.-REGISTRATION 4 : 00 00 p .m.- Dis c ussion ussion P1 · es idin g g Health Health D e p a rtm e nt , , \ i Va ega uk n , , Illinoi s s C. C. E. E. WALTON, WALTON, Junior Junior Past-Pr es id e nt, nt, IAMFES IAMFES DR. DR. A. A. G. G. B AKER, AKER, Dir ec tor , , Lak e e County County MORNING MORNING SESSION SESSION CONCERT CONCERT HALL HALL DAY ' AN D D TOMORROW " " WEDNESDAY, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER OCTOBER 23, 23, 1963 1963 3:30 3:30 p.m. -"ENV IRONME N TAL TAL HEALTH HEALTH - TO GENERAL GENERAL SESSIONS SESSIONS 3 :15 :15 p.m. - Br ea k k 3:00 3:00 p.m.-Discus s ion ion Chicago , , Illinois , , Chairman. Chairman. tori es, es, Illinois Illinois Stat e e Massachusetts Massachusetts Departm e nt nt of of H ea lth , , J. J. C. C. McCAFFREY, McCAFFREY, o ration Dir , , ector ector 12 12 Orlando Orlando of of Labora A A venue, venue, Arlington, Arlington, METHODS" METHODS" H. H. M. M. EwELL , , P e nnsalt nnsalt Ch e micals micals Corp 7:30 7:30 p . m.-Pan e l: l: 2 " :30 :30 CHANGES CHANGES p . m.-"CHALLENGE m.-"CHALLENGE I N N STANDARD STANDARD OF OF PEOPLE " " Members Members 2: 15 15 p.m . -Discussion -Discussion Committee Committee Chairmen Chairmen and and Committ ee ee Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Ontario 7:30 7:30 p . m.-E xec utiv e e Board , , Suite Suite Psychology, Psychology, Ontario Ontario Agricultural Agricultural Coll ege , , 6:00 6:00 p.m.-Dinn e r r DR. DR. W. W. R. R. DE NT, NT, Associate Associate Prof e ssor ssor of of 1: 45 45 p . m.- " PROGRAMMED PROGRAMMED LEARNING " " 5:00 5:00 p.m.-Social p.m.-Social Hour , , Ballroom Ballroom 1:30 1:30 p.m .- Door Door Prize Prize Drawing Drawing Algonquin Algonquin Room Room 1:30 1:30 p.m.-3 : 00 00 p . m. - W. W. Affiliat D. D. e e McCORQUODALE Council Council Meeting Meeting , , Pr es - iding iding AFTERNOON AFTERNOON SESSION SESSION CONCERT CONCERT HALL HALL ings ings (See (See Bull e tin tin Board ) ) 1:30 1:30 p . m.-5:00 m.-5:00 p.m. - Individual Individual WEDNESDAY, WEDNESDAY, Committee Committee OCTOBER OCTOBER Meet 23, 23, 1963 1963 50TH 50TH ANNUAL ANNUAL MEETING MEETING PRoGRAM PRoGRAM 23 1 1 232 50m ANNUAL MEETING ' PROGRAM: 2. Report of Secretary-Treasurer, KARL K. 8:45 a.m.-"PATHOGENS IN FOOD" Jol\'ES, Indianapolis, Indiana DR. G. G. Swcmvr, Chief, Division of 3. Committee Reports Microbiology, Food and Drug Adminis 4. 3-A Symbol CoLmcil Report, tration, Washington, D. C. C. A. ABELE, Chainnan, Evanston, Illinois 9:15 a.m.-Discussion 5. Report of Activities of Sanitarian's Joint Council 9:30 a.m.-"PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA AND 6. Report of Resolutions Committee THE KEEPING QPALITIES OF PAS 7. Old Business TEURIZED MILK" 8. New Business DR. P AUL ELLIKER, Chairman, Depart 9. Election of Officers ment of Microbiology, Oregan State Uni 10. Announcements versity, Corvallis, Oregon 6:30 p.m.-Social 10:00 a.m.- Discussion 7:00 p.m.-ANNUAL AWARDS BANQUET Balh·oom, Royal York Hotel, R. A. BELK 10:15 a.m.-Break :-rAP, Presiding 10:30 a.m.-"THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE INVOCATION NATIONAL SURVEY OF SANITARI- ' TOAST TO THE QUEEN ANS" D. W. T AYLOR, . Chief, Milk Sanitation TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE TOAST Section, Milk and Food Branch, Public UNITED STATES Health Service, \~7 ashington , D . C. INTRODUCTION OF THE CANADA DAIRY PRINCESS 11:00 a.m.-Discussion SPEAKER BANQUET 11:15 a.m.-Panel: Thermal Processing of Da·iry C. BYERS, General Motors Corp DR. CARL Products "The 'U' and T in Communi oration. "INDUSTRY VIEWS OF TEW CON cations" CEPTS IN THERMAL PROCESSING PRESENTATIO OF AWARDS OF DAIRY PRODUCTS" DR. J. J. SHEURING, Senior Past President, F . L. SANNA, Preside·nt, Sanna Dairies, IAMFES, Chairman of Committee on Inc., Madison, 'Wisconsin Recognition and Awards, Athens, Geor 11:40 a.m.-Discussion gia 1. Past President's Award 11:50 a.m.-"PROBLEMS ASS 0 CIA TED WITH EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVE 2. Citation A ward NESS OF NEW PROCESSES" istant Chief, Milk 3. Sanitar~an's Award" DR. R. B. READ, JR. Ass Sanitation Research, Robert Taft En INSTALLATION OF OFFICERS gineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio "The Sanitarian's Award is sponsored 12:15 p.m.-Discussion jointly by the Diversey Corporation, Klen zade Products, Inc., Oakite Products, 12:25 p.m.-Announcements Inc., Olin Mathieson Chemical Corpora tion, and Pennsylvania Salt Company; 12: 30 p.m.-Adjournment and is administered by the International Association of Milk, Food and Environ mental Sanitarians. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1963 AFTERNOON SESS ION ONTARIO ROOM FRIDAY, OCTOSE~ 25, 1963 R. A. BELK NAP, Presiding MORNING SESSION ONTARIO ROOM J. H. FRITZ, Presidi11 g 1:30 p.m.- Executive Board Meeting 8:30 a.m.-Door Prize Drawing 3:30 p .m.- Committee Meetings Control, Control, Dairym e n's n's L eag ue ue Cooperative Cooperative 12 :3 0 0 p.m.-Luncheon p.m.-Luncheon Recess Recess DR. DR. W. W. METZGER , , R. R. Dir ec to1· to1· of of Quality Quality ew ew York York MASTITIS MASTITIS CONTROL CONTROL EFFORTS" EFFORTS" University University Res Res ear ear c c h h Corp., Corp., Syracuse , , 10:30 10:30 a.m.-"CURRENT a.m.-"CURRENT STATUS STATUS OF OF NATIONAL NATIONAL DR. DR. D. D. O ' NEILL, NEILL, R. R. Dir ect Syracus or , , e e ' ' a.m.-Break a.m.-Break 10 ;~5 ;~5 TERIALS" TERIALS" ~ ~ CANCE CANCE OF OF FOOD FOOD PACKAGING PACKAGING MA 10:00 10:00 a.m .-Dis cussion cussion 12:00 12:00 oon-" . 1v1ICROBIOLOGICAL 1v1ICROBIOLOGICAL SIGN SIGN IF IF I- · ' ' ) ) Veterinary Veterinary College, College, Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Ontario I I 11:45 11:45 a.m.-Discussion a.m.-Discussion F . . H. H. S. S. NEWBOULD, NEWBOULD, Professor Ontario Ontario , , TION TION OF. OF. UDDER UDDER INFECTIONS" INFECTIONS" ington, ington, D. D. C. C. 9:30 9:30 a.m . -"DISINFECTION -"DISINFECTION I I r r THE THE PREYE r r - Branch, Branch, Public Public Health Health Service , , Wash E. E. L. L. RuPPERT, RuPPERT, Chief, Chief, Milk Milk and and Food Food 9:15 9:15 a.m . -Discussion -Discussion TION TION PROGRAMS " " tario tario 11:15 11:15 a.m.-"EVALUATION a.m.-"EVALUATION OF OF FOOD FOOD PROTEC partment partment of of Agriculture, Agriculture, Ottawa, Ottawa, On 11:00 11:00 a.m.-Discussion a.m.-Discussion Food Food Research Research Institute , , Canada Canada D e ates, ates, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Illinois DR. DR. C. C. JoH JoH s, s, H ead, ead, Dairy Dairy K. K. Section, Section, HAROLD HAROLD YVAINESS , , vVainess vVainess and and Associ QUALITY QUALITY TESTS" TESTS" TION" TION" 8:45 8:45 a .m.- "COOPERATIVE "COOPERATIVE STUDIES STUDIES ON ON MILK MILK 10:30 10:30 a.m.- " INFANT-FORMULA INFANT-FORMULA PLANT PLANT SANITA ; ; 8:30 8:30 a .m.-Door .m.-Door Prize Prize Drawing Drawing 10:15 10:15 a.m.-Break a.m.-Break J . . C. C. PAL:\1ER , , Pr es idi · ng ng 10:00 10:00 a.m.-Discussion a.m.-Discussion MORNING MORNING SESSION SESSION BALLROOM BALLROOM 17 , , New New York York THURSDAY, THURSDAY, OCTOBER OCTOBER 24, 24, 1963 1963 O'Nuts, O'Nuts, 425 425 Lexington Lexington Avenue, Avenue, New New York York MILK MILK SANITATION SANITATION SESSIONS SESSIONS SA:I\WEL SA:I\WEL OsTROVE , , Pr es id Chock-Full e nt, nt, FOOD FOOD SERVICE SERVICE SANITATION" SANITATION" 9:30 9:30 a.m.-"ONE a.m.-"ONE APPROACH APPROACH TO TO EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE FRANKLIN FRANKLIN FisKE, FisKE, MoRTON MoRTON HILBERT HILBERT 9: 9: 15 15 a.m . - Discussion Discussion w w RICHARD RICHARD BOND , , I I L L L I I L A A M M HOLLAJ\'D , , Manitoba Manitoba Room Room 8:45 8:45 a.m.-(Topic a.m.-(Topic to to be be announced) announced) ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION SANITATION 8:30 8:30 a.m.-Door a.m.-Door Prize Prize Drawing Drawing YVAINESS , , FRED FRED UETZ , , EDWIN EDWIN LUDEWIG LUDEWIG DR. DR. D. D. IRVINE, IRVINE, l'vi. l'vi. Presiding Presiding E. E. RuPPERT, RuPPERT, DR. DR. L. L. G. G. G. G. SLocuM, SLocuM, HAROLD HAROLD MORNING MORNING SESSION SESSION ALBERTA ALBERTA ROOM ROOM Algonquin Algonquin Room Room THURSDAY, THURSDAY, OCTOBER OCTOBER 24, 24, 1963 1963 FOOD FOOD SANITATIO SANITATIO 1 1 FOOD FOOD SAN SAN IT IT AT AT ION ION SESSIONS SESSIONS MosLEY MosLEY !'-.'lARCH, !'-.'lARCH, DR. DR. PAUL PAUL ELLIKER , , DR. DR. Vi/. Vi/. K. K. 12:30 12:30 p . m.-Luncheon m.-Luncheon Recess Recess J. J. '~ ' · · D. D. TAYLOR, TAYLOR, D. D. WooD, WooD, DR. DR. R. R. P. P. ates, ates, Chicago, Chicago, British British Columbia Columbia Illinois · · Room Room MILK MILK SANITATIO SANITATIO HAROLD HAROLD ' VAINESS, VAINESS, 'Vainess 'Vainess and and Associ PRODUCT PRODUCT CONTAINERS" CONTAINERS" been been able able to to obtain obtain answers! answers! SINGLE SINGLE SERVICE SERVICE MILK MILK AND AND MILK MILK the the questions questions for for which which you you have have not not BOARD BOARD OR OR MOLDED MOLDED PULP PULP FOR FOR the the discussions. discussions. An An ideal ideal chance chance to to ask ask CATING CATING PLASTIC, PLASTIC, PAPER , , PAPER tions tions and and otherwise otherwise assist assist in in moderating moderating 12 : 00 00 T oon - " SANITATION SANITATION IN IN PLANTS PLANTS FABRI individuals individuals have have agreed agreed to to answer answer ques 11:45 11:45 a.m.-Discussion a.m.-Discussion discuss discuss informally informally with with others. others. Select e d d tions tions or or problems problems \ovhich \ovhich they they wish wish to to cago, cago, Illinois Illinois of of our our m e mbers mbers who who have have specia l l ques Jo HN HN DEA N, N, Dean Dean M ilk ilk Company, Company, Chi The The evening evening sessions sessions are are for for th e e benefit benefit DAIRY DAIRY FIELDMAN?" FIELDMAN?" GROUP GROUP 11:15 11:15 a .m .-"WHAT .-"WHAT ' DO DO I I EXPECT EXPECT FROM FROM MY MY 7:00 7:00 p.m.-9:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m .- EVENING EVENING DISCUSSION DISCUSSION 11:00 11:00 a.m.-Discussion a.m.-Discussion WEDNESDAY, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER OCTOBER 23, 23, 1963 1963 New New York York EVENING EVENING SESSIONS SESSIONS Association, Association, 402 402 Park Park Sb·eet , , Syracuse, Syracuse, 233 233 50TH 50TH Amn J AL AL MEETL' SESSIONS 1. Committee on Communicable Diseases Affect THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1963 ing :tvlan - DR. STANLEY HENDRICKS, Chairman, Des t· Moines, Iowa MORNING SESSION LIBRARY DR. J. J. SHEURI 'G, Presiding 2. Committee on Education and Professional De 8:30 a.m.-Door Prize Drawing velopment - DR. SmviNER MORRISON, Chairman, Fort Collins, Colorado 8:45 a.m.-Symposium-Institu.tio·nal Sanitation "HOSPITAL SANITATION" 3. Committee on Ordinances and Regulations Per R. G. BOND, Professor, School of Public taining to Milk and Dairy Products-DONALD H. Health, University of Minnesota, iinne RACE, Chaimwn, Syracuse, New York apolis, Minnesota 9: l.5 a.m.-Discussion 4. Committee on :tviembership - HAROLD ' VAINESS , Chairman, Chicago, Illinois ~:30 a.m.-"!'JURSING HO~-.'IES " F. H. FrsKE, Director, Environmental 5. Committee on Sanitary Procedures Health Administration, All egheny County D. B. \VHITEHEAD, Chairman, Jackson, Mississippi Health Department, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl vania , G. Committee on Dairy Farm Methods 10:00 a.m.-Discussion !\. K. S.-\U XDEHS, Chairman, .M undelein, Illinois 10:15 a.m.-Break 7. Committee on Food Equipment - K. K. Jo:-;Es, 10:30 a.m.-"ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN EN Chairman, Indianapolis, Indiana VIRONMENTAL HEALTH" , V. J. HoLLAND, Environmen,tal Consult 8. Committee on Frozen Food Sanitation ant, Division of Accident Prevention, Pub F. E. FrsHER, Chairman , Indianapolis, Indiana lic Health Service, Washington, D. C. 9. Committee on B a k i n g Indush·y Equipment 11:00 a.m.-Discussion Standards - V. T. FoLEY, Chairman, Kansas City, 11:15 a.m.-"DISPOSABLE REFUSE CONTAIN- Missouri ERS" A. B. RoEBUCK, Market·ing Research En 10. Committee on Applied Laboratory Methods gineer, National Paper Company, New Dn. J. J. JEzESKI, Chairman, St. Paul, Minnesota York, New York 11. Committee on Envirom~enta l Health Programs 11:45 a.m.-Discussion H. B. RoBINSON, Chairman, ·washington, D. C. 12:00 Noon-"EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVE NESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANI U. Committee on Journal Management TATION PROGRAMS" H. S. ADMvrs, Clw.irman, Indianapolis, Indiana M. S. HILBERT, Associate Professor, Pub lic Health Engineering, School of Public 13. Committee on Recognition and Awards Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Dn. J. J. SHEURING, Chairman, Athens, Georgia Arbor, :tviichigan 12:30 p.m.-Luncheon Recess cheese; cheese; Mr. Mr. Henry Henry F. F. Judkin , , secretary-treasurer, secretary-treasurer, versity versity of of Wisconsin. Wisconsin. (S · ee ee story story for for details.) details.) for for outstanding outstanding research research in in th e e manuf ac tur e e of of Canada Canada Department Department of of Agriculture; Agriculture; and and M. M. V. V. Price, Price, Uni D e p ~ artment artment of of Agriculture, Agriculture, lansch, lansch, Pfi U. U. zer, zer, S. S. Department Department Paul-L ewis ewis of of Awa Agriculture; Agriculture; rd rd D. D. E. E. Emmons, Emmons, right right are.: , , · A. A. J . . Morris, Morris, Utah Utah State State Dougl University; University; as as B. B. Emmons M. M. J. J. , , Pal Food Food R esea rch rch Institut e , , C anada anada Meeting Meeting held held June June 16-19 16-19 at at Purdue Purdue University. University. Left Left to to f & r r outstanding outstanding r esea r c h h in in dair y y production; production; Dr. Dr. and and teachers teachers who who received received awards awards at at the the ADSA ADSA Annual Annual quist, quist, P e nns y lv a nia nia State State University, University, Bord en en Award Award Pictured Pictured here here are are dairy dairy manufacturing manufacturing researchers researchers r esea rch rch in in dair y y manufa c turing ; ; Dr. Dr. John John 0. 0. Alm products products l a b o r a tor y, y, Bord en en Aw a1'Cl a1'Cl · ' ' f o r r o utst an din g g ) ) Pallansch I I , , U. U. S. S. D e partm e nt nt of of Agriculture, Agriculture, dail -y -y sta nding nding r esearc h h in in dairy dairy cattle cattle nutrition; nutrition; Dr. Dr. M. M. J. J. c an an Feed Feed Manufacturers Manufacturers Association Association Aw ard ard for for out prof esso r r of of dairying, dairying, Un i ve rsi ty ty of of Georgia, Georgia, Ameri Service Service Dair y man ; ; Dr. Dr. ·w illi a m m Ja c k k Miller, Miller, associate associate ma n n Award Award t o o th e e ou tstanding tstanding Cooperative Cooperative Extension Extension University University of of Nebraska, Nebraska, D e Laval Laval Extension Extension Dairy in in dairy dairy manuf ac turing M ; r. r. Crawford Crawford VV. VV. N ibl er, er, T e achin g g Award Award to to th e e outstanding outstanding univ e rsit y y t eac h e r r J\i lorris , , U niv e rsit y y of of Utah, Utah, l'. · filk filk Industry Industry Foundation Foundation c ipi e nts nts of of th e e awards awards were: were: Prof esso r r (Con J . . Arthur Arthur ti nued nued on on Page Page 239) 239) Canada Canada were were honor e d d at at th e e Annual Annual Meeting. Meeting. R e th e e d a ir y y industry industry s hould hould co n ce rn rn its e lf lf w ith ith th e e industry industry from from six six states, states, th e e District District of of a a Columbi and and economist, economist, told told th e e opening opening session session of of th e e ADSA ADSA that that Eight Eight m e r n e pr ese nting nting education, education, science science and and Dr. Dr. Don Don P aa rlb e rg , , Purdue Purdue University University agricultural agricultural Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State State University, University, directors. directors. dair y y club. club. E. E. Erb, Erb, Purdu e e University University a nd nd Dr. Dr. Stu a rt rt Patton, Patton, t e r r awa rd rd for for outstanding outstanding activities activities of of a a collegiate collegiate Carolina Carolina Stat e e University, University, vice- pr eside nt ; ; Dr . . Ralph Ralph Th e e University University of of G e orgia orgia won won the the affiliate affiliate chap ly ly elected elected officers officers included: included: Dr. Dr. G. G. H. H. Wise, Wise, North North inst a lled lled as as 1963 - 6 4 4 president president of of ADSA. ADSA. Oth e r r new S t uart uart Patton, Patton, directors. directors. of of dail·y dail·y industries dent; dent; , , University University Dr. Dr. G. G. H. H. of of Wise, Wise, Minnesota, Minnesota, vice-president; vice-president; was was Drs. Drs. R. R. E. E. Erb Erb and and nual nual Meeting Meeting are, are, left left Dr. Dr. to to right: right: S a muel muel Dr. Dr. Todd Todd S. S. T. T. Coulter, Coulter, Coulter, Coulter, h presi ea d d of of the the departm e nt nt The The new new slate slate of of ADSA ADSA officers officers elected elected at at the the 58th 58th An· An· e rs . . recognizing recognizing educators, educators, scientists scientists and and industr y y l ead ports, ports, c hoosing hoosing officers officers for for th e e com ing ing yea r r and and spent spent thr ee ee da ys ys at at Purdu e e list e ning ning to to r esea rch rch r e Som e e 2000 2000 scientists scientists and and industr y y r e pr esen tativ es es versity versity of of Arizona Arizona in in Tuscan . . are are looking looking to to 1964 1964 when when th ey ey will will m eet eet at at th e e Uni ca n n Dau· y y Sci ence ence Association Association at at Purdu e e University, University, concluded concluded th e e 58th 58th Annual Annual Meeting Meeting of of the the Ameri Dairy Dairy scientists scientists from from throughout throughout America, America, having having Other Other Officers Officers Are Are Named Named Coulter Coulter Wins Wins Presidency, Presidency, productio n. n. Fowler , , Ohio Ohio State State University, University, for for his his p a p er er on on dair y y for for his his pap e r r on on dau ·y ·y manufacturing· manufacturing· and and Robert Robert . vr. vr. $100 $100 each each were were E. E. Stiles, Stiles, University University nf nf Illinois , , for for graduate graduate student student scientific scientific p a p e r s. s. R ece iving iving Events Events Two Two graduate graduate students students r ece iv e d d ADSA ADSA awards awards tributi o ns ns to to the the A DSA . . Association Association Award Award of of Honor Honor for for distinguished distinguished con Univer~ity Univer~ity of of \Vi sco nsu1 , , American American Dairy Dairy Science Science and and News News tribution tribution to to th e e industry ; ; Dr. Dr. Walter Walter Van Van Pric e, e, co ll ege ege or or university university who who has has made made a a notabl e e con to to an an outstanding outstanding individual individual not not associated associated with with a a ADSA , , Ame ri can can Da i ry ry Science Science Assoc iation iation Award Award 235 235 236 NEWS AND EVENTS REPORT OF FOOD INDUSTRY COMMITTEE as Chairman. A resolution submitted by the committee reads, in Connecticut Association part, as follows: "Whereas, it is generally recognized that stand Active In Bakery Program ards for sanitary design of equipment used in th~e food service industry are highly desirable from the .users of such The Food Indush·y Committee of the Connecticut standpoint of the manufacturers and i tion of the health of the .. Association of Dairy and Food Sanitarians has held equipment and for the protec ' two meetings during the year for which the below public served b y the industry, and . .. report is submitted ( 1962). The committee's activ Be it resolved, that the Connecticut Association of ities were centered on the subcommittee on Bakery Dairy and Food Sanitarians be in record of favoring Sanitation under the chairmanship of Kenneth V.l. the greatest possible use of these standards and that Crane. all possible publicity be given to these standards The subcommittee developed a "Baker's Dozen" for the benefit of those in the food indush·y when sanitation poster which is being displayed in all purchasing equipment." Connecticut bakeshops of the Connecticut Bakers The Education and Training Subcommittee of the Association membership, and has received country Food Indush·y Committee has gone on record as wide recognition from bakery and regulatory groups. wholeheartedly endorsing the "Food Handling and It is also being adopted by several midwestern state Dish·ibution Program" being offered at the Uni bakery associations. versity of Connecticut in the form of a two-year , vVhat was termed by the Connecticut Association program designed to h·ain students for employment as a "very successful" meeting on Bakery Sanitation in wholesale and retail food stores, food grading and was held May, 1962 in Wallingford. This meeting processing stations in food establishments. It is was attended by bakeshop operators, members of hoped that the Association membership will en the association, and several representatives from in deavor to bring this program to the .. attention of dush-y. It is the feeling of the committee that these people in food indush-y so that applicants may be activities have done much toward achieving the goal interested in enrolling in the University program. for "Good Sanitation in Connecticut Bakeshops." Additional information about this program may be Among additional subcommittees named for 1962 obtained from Philip Stiles, chairman, Food Hand was the Food Equipment Committee. Leslie Sher ling and Distribution Committee, Department of man of the Connecticut Department of Health served Poultry Science, University of Connecticut. W. S. LaGrange. Kentucky Adds Randolph To Staff Married and the father of two children, Dr. Ran Dr. Henry E. Randolph has joined the staff of the dolph is a member of American Dairy Science Associ Department of Dairy Science, University of Ken ation and Gamma Sigma Delta. tucky. He has been appointed as Assistant Professor of Dairy Science and Extension Technologist in Dairy PHS Booklers Explain Service Activities Manufacturing. A native of Sparta, Tennessee, Dr. Randolph was Two new U. S. Public Health Service leafl ets of raised on a dairy fa;·m and spent several years fol interest to milk sanitation authorities in states and lowing high school managing a dairy herd. He has cities, "Safe Milk Through Indush·y, States, U. S. also been employed as a part-tin1e milk route hauler. Public Health Service Cooperative Effort" and "Utili After graduating from Tennessee Tech in 1957 with zation of the Milk Ordinance and Code Recommend a degree in dairy technology, Dr. Randolph moved eel by the U. S. Public Health Service" were issued to Ohio State, Columbus, Ohio, where he received the first week of June. both his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. For the past The first explains the operation of the Cooperative several years, he has been an instructor and research State-Public Health Service Progran1 for the Certi associate at Ohio State. His areas of work involve fication of Interstate Milk Shippers pointing out tl1 e product analysis and cultured products with a special program's advantages to milk "exporting" and "im interest is in the field of bacteriology. porting" states and cities and the achievements of Dr. Randolph will be working with the Kentucky the program over tl1 e past ten years. The second market milk and ice cream plants. By consultation, leaflet points out that the PHS Recommended Milk meetings, and product analysis, he will help these Ordinance and Code is currently tl1 e basis of the firms with their quality problems. This is the san1e milk sanitation laws or regulations of 37 states, and type of work and the position formerly held by Dr. lists the voluntary city and county adoptions. the the is is agenda agenda year's year's this this in in tion tion a innov An An se. se. promi . . mail eat eat r g has has Meeting Meeting Annual Annual this this , , n 50th 50th Associatio return return y y b u yo o o t sent sent e e b ill ill w course course e e ntir e e th and and Sanitarians Sanitarians Milk Milk Ontario Ontario Centml Centml e e th affiliate, affiliate, host host ess ess ddr a nd nd a e nam your your with with 1.00 1.00 $ e Includ . . lvania sy e e th y y b and and Association Association e e tl1 of of Committee Committee Program Program Penn Park, Park, University University , , 5000 x x Bo , , Pests Household Household to to e e th botl1 botl1 y y b done done g g nnin a pl advance advance e e th With With e e Writ Cont1·ol. eir eir Th And And sects sects In hold hold e Hous se se ur co tione:{s. tione:{s. correspondence correspondence State's State's Penn Penn y y d stu animals, animals, ll ll sma other other ti c pra health health public public and and and and essors essors insects insects prof of of homes homes g g resentatives, resentatives, riddin ut ut o b a more more n n em· l To To . . es tur crea rep industry industry by by ogram ogram pr e e th during during eas eas r a er er th o ' ' · l l esky esky p e e thos for for use use to to insecticide insecticide various various e e th in in s s i upon upon spray spray e e touched touched dell e e b will will Communications Communications . . lin hold hold e Hous es. es. librari ir ir e th in in ooks ooks b ed ed mag a d d. d. e rn e nc co e e b hould hould s e e hav silverfish silverfish find find to to d d ye disma are are s s r e p ee k e hous sanitarian sanitarian e e th which which with with environment environment man's man's of of ts ts e fac best best the the n n eve awhile awhile in in once once but but , , ts ec ins hold hold e hous e e th of of eview eview r a a nt nt ese pr will will , , list s s ' speaker e e th o o t controlling controlling in in aid aid ping ping sekee u o h good good and and Sanitation Sanitation new-comer new-comer a a Service, Service, lth lth ea H c c Publi e e th of of Division Division Engineering Engineering seen. seen. Environmental Environmental e e th in in Planning Planning Program Program are are nts nts a wherever wherever ay ay pr s y l app or or dust dust e e rdan o hl c e th for for Chief Chief " " . Assistant Assistant lth e e ea Th H Environmental Environmental d d ea Spr st. st. e b e e th is is Chlordane Chlordane est. est. n e e tl1 into into d d e rri ca for for ponsibility ponsibility es R ' ' s rian "Sanita nting nting e pres Hope Hope C. C. e e b can can that that poisons poisons use use o o t necessary necessary It's It's . . ony l co Malcolm Malcolm be be ill ill w year year is is th meeting meeting e e tl1 Keynoting Keynoting the the troy troy es d won't won't house house e e th in in seen seen ants ants worker worker few few " " . icanism Amer e e n sa relatively relatively e e th killing killing at at th obvious obvious it's it's , , t es n the the eave eave l good good and and , , Christianity l l ca practi , , lations e r human human never never brood brood loping loping eve d nd nd a ant ant queen queen e e th Since Since er er tt e b tion, tion, ca du "e , , words own own s s hi in in hing, hing, eac living-t guests. guests. e e irabl es und e e r ey' th but but , , greases and and sweets sweets l l efu us happy happy for for humor humor with with subjects subjects his his sprinkles sprinkles ; eat eat they they homes homes In In scavengers. scavengers. ess ess tirel e e r a Ants Ants who who . . r e k a fun-m a a seriously seriously very very is is e e h ; ; hing es fr e r very very and and ft. ft. e l e e stimulating stimulating hav all all n n e h w spontaneously spontaneously is is ning ning e e eve lif on on some some ings ings outlook outlook His His open t t as l e e laugh. laugh. th e e rty rty ea h clos n n or or e th grin grin e, e, a a of of routin cea cea usual usual pana ir ir e th physical physical egain egain r and and s s t a b the the et et L nings. nings. e p o vo vo h or or mental mental e e tl1 one one y y nl without without o g in eav l thinking thinking straight straight no no e e b can can there there ttic ttic a the the pair pair e r o o t necessary necessary that that e e b ef ef li e b may may It It his his s. s. ng eni p reflects reflects o y y philosoph spun spun e hom His His small small y y urprizingl s h h g u o tlU" squeeze squeeze can can ts ts a B ity. ity. s r ve r. r. e humorist-philosoph a a as as and and unselor unselor -co tor a duc e Uni e e Stat Pennsylvania Pennsylvania e e Th an an of of as as man man e Hald platform platform er er lt ;v'a \ American American e e th on on L. L. reputation reputation national national says says done done than than said said er er i eas e e b a a y y ma gained gained this this has has But But rs rs ye B er. er. nt e Dr. Dr. education, education, selling selling While While re cm1't cm1't y y the so so openings openings all all closing closing of of ists ists s n co administration. administration. Control Control comes. comes. dusk dusk as as e e tim school school es es in in minut eas eas id 15 15 within within forward-looking forward-looking his his for for acclaim acclaim roost roost e e th eave eave l y y lon co a a of of nationwide nationwide all all y y gained gained Ordinm·il has has bat~ bat~ and and years years twenty-five twenty-five past past m. m. e th of of rid rid get get to to e e ways ways th are are e e r e during th Ohio Ohio cellar, cellar, in in ur ur yo administrator administrator school school outstanding outstanding in in ants ants or or ttic ttic a ur ur yo in in bats bats ave ave h u u yo vVhether vVhether an an as as served served has has rs rs ye B Dr. Dr. C01nmunications." C01nmunications." T T -in -in and and 'U' 'U' e e Th " is is y, y, ntativel e t address, address, his his of of e e titl e e Th Course Course Control Control Insect Insect Household Household address. address. t t e Banu Annual Annual the the nt nt ese pr will will Corporation, Corporation, Motors Motors General General , , rs ye B C. C. Carl Carl Dr. Dr. sessions. sessions. general general / / Offers Offers niversitv niversitv U U State State Penn Penn e e th in in mainly mainly with with dealt dealt e e b will will which which munications" munications" "com is is program program year's year's tlus tlus of of e e m e th general general e e Th e. e. natur specialized specialized a a of of rs rs e pap nt nt ese pr speakers speakers hear hear to to opportunity opportunity e e th e e hav may may rs rs e mb e m e e th so so sanitation sanitation Meeting. Meeting. nvironmental nvironmental nual nual e An 50th 50th e e th attend attend to to soon soon s s nt eme rrang a making making and and food food milk, milk, for for scheduled scheduled are are sessions sessions year, year, last last in in eg b to to sure sure e e B Journal. Journal. e e th of of e e issu t t ex n e e th in in done done was was as as , , r eve How y. y. jointl meeting meeting rs rs e mb e m all all form form eaf eaf -l e loos in in ed ed publish be be will will program program e e Th with with sessions sessions general general e e th on on emphasis emphasis d d ease incr an an ee. ee. f istration istration eg r dollm· dollm· five five additional additional e e th of of y y rth wo shows shows Meeting Meeting Aruma! Aruma! s s ' r yea this this for for agenda agenda e e TI1 ve ve pro y y rtainl ce will will t t ainmen t er t en es es ladi e e th and and Committee. Committee. Program Program e e th of of Chairman Chairman and and Elect Elect job job wonderful wonderful a a done done ave ave h m a r og pr this this for for e e l sib nt e id es Pr Fritz, Fritz, H. H. John John Mr. Mr. y y b eased eased l e r as as e e u ss i pon es r m·e m·e who who Affiliate Affiliate o o ri a Ont e e tl1 of of e e e mmitt Co this this in in d d e print s s i Sanitarians Sanitarians Environmental Environmental and and Arrangements Arrangements l l a Loc e e th of of ose ose Th . . es ladi e e th for for Food Food , , Milk of of Association Association International International e e th of of ing ing program program fruitful fruitful nd nd a interesting interesting y y r ve a a of of planning planning Meet Annual Annual 50th 50th e e th for for program program official official The The Meeting Meeting Annual Annual For For Completed Completed Program Program '2:37 '2:37 EVENTS EVENTS AND AND NEWS NEWS 238 NEws AND EvENTs USDA ADOPTS STANDARDS Dairy Fieldman, Oregon Officer, FOR ALL FOOD CONTAINERS Robert Effenberger, Passes Away The U. S. D epartment of Agriculture mmouhced July 8 tentative standards for condition of food con h will become effective August 8. Oregon Sanitarians were saddened by the tainers whic ( e loss of one of their officers, Robert Effenberger, USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service said th •I • who died April 21 , of leukemia at a Portland new standards would be used to evaluate the ex hospital. ternal condition of filled food containers delivered i\llr. Effenberger had res ided in Tillamook under Ai\riS contracts for use in school lunch pro County all of his 45 years. He had spent some grams, for dish·ibution to needy persons, or for sur time in tl1e oil distributing business, had oper plus removal. The standards also will be available ated a dairy farm, and since 1952 had b een for voluntary use by other applicants for AMS in employed as a fieldman for tl1e Tillamook spection and grading services. County Creamery Association. He was especial AMS pointed out tl1at tl1e condition of containers ly interested in procurement of milk for fluid is an important factor in its purchases since foods consumption and helped many producers quali often must be stored for periods of several montl1s fy for this market. before they are used. AMS has purchased large Bob was widely known in his community, quantities of foods this fiscal year for distribution , and was active in civic affairs. He was presi to schools to help them meet r equirements of the dent of the high school P.T.A. at the time of Tational School Lunch Program. Some 15 million his death. A consistent booster of the Oregon children r egularly take part in this program. Association of Milk Sanitarians, he had just The tentative standards cover all types of con been r e-elected S ecretary-Treasurer b efore be tainers-from metal cans and glass jars to fiber boxes coming ill. He was also an active supporter of and plastic bags. The standards define the various the International and took a sincere interest in defects of containers and rate them as "minor," "ma a its affairs. jor," or "critical." For instance, a small dent in usability is a H e leaves his wife Margaret and two children, metal can which doesn't affect its fiber carton which material Judith and Gary. minor defect; a tear in a ly does affect its usability is a major defect; and a leak in a can or jar is a c ritical d efect. The stand levels and Ex- Cell- 0 Cited By UNICEF ards als o establish acceptable quality sampling plans which will be used in applying the A certificate of appreciation "for active partici standards. pation in the fight against hunger, diseas e, and ig Proposed standards were published in the Federal norance among children in the developing areas of Register on March 2, 1963. Based on comments and the world" was presented at New York recently by suggestions received, the standards have been r e Mrs. Guido Pantaleoni, president of tl1e U. S. Com vised in certain respects and are being re-issued in mittee for the United Nations Children's Fund, to tentative form to give interested parties ample time Mr. George D. ·· Scott, vice-president, Ex-Cello-0 to s tudy them, and to offer further comments. Corporation, Detroit, Michigan. Comments may be sent to th e Deputy A dminish·a Sandra Lee Tibeau, 1963 American Dairy Princess, tor, Agricultural Marketing Service, U. S. Depart accompained Mr. Scott at the presentation ceremony. ment of Agriculture, \Vashington 25, D . C. This fall, the corporation's Pure-Pak Division ·will produce special half-pint milk cartons to be used as collection containers for the nationwide "Ti:ick or Treat for U1 ICEF" program. The cartons w ill be donated b y local dairies to UNICEF groups in and milk-drying plants, and has distributed milk over 13,000 communities. through over 19,000 maternal and health centers, she In presenting the award, l'virs. Pantaleoni pointed added. out tl1at tl1e dairy industry has been deeply involved Nir. Scott expressed gratification at tl1 e boost his in UNICEF's life-saving work since its inception. company's contribution of "Trick or Treat" cartons Today, 114 nutrition programs in 70 countries add will mean for the world's greatest effort by children milk and dairy products to supply basic nutrition to help children-a program from which over two to undernourished children and mothers . So far, million dollars was raised b y American b oys and girls UNICEF has helped to equip more than 160 dairies last year on Halloween. Th e e World World Food Food Congress, Congress, ca ll e b d y y the the Food Food lic lic pro grams ...... . . . " " pmpose pmpose of of eco nomi c c and and social social development." development." aclaio~ l e d ged ged in in research , , in in e du ca ti o n n and and in in pul and and improv e d d utilization utilization of of food food surpluses surpluses for for the the mon mon m a n ; :) :) who who li ves ves in in thi s s Common Common Market, Market, b e e sharing sharing of of world world abtmdanc e, e, including including an an ex p a nd e d d and and k e pt pt open, open, and and that that the the pr e f e r e nc e e of of th e e com " 3. 3. th a t t ther e e b e a a e more more eqttitable eqttitable and and rational rational "My "My pl ea ea is is tl 1a t t tl1i s s major major market market b e e k e pt pt common common lter ial , , and and t ec hnical hnical assistance assistance b e e incr ease d, d, and and a dd e d. d. "2 . . th e e volume volume and and e ff ec tiv eness eness of of financial, financial, ma but but th e e Common Common Market Market of of th e e United United States," States," he he tak e n , , and and dair y y p eo pl e e is is not not th e e Common Common Market Market of of Emope, Emope, · ' ' l l plans plans b e e coordinated coordinated and and other other appropriate appropriate measures measures " Th e · · Common Common Market Market which which is is of of concern concern t o o I I sive sive commodity commodity agreements agreements b e e d evise d , , d eve lopment lopment than than d es ir ed ed b y y consumers. consumers. and and that that for for th a t t purpos e e adequate adequate and and comprehen ardization ardization of of milk milk at at l eve ls ls of of fat fat con t ent ent hi g h er er the the h·ad e e of of th e e d eve loping loping co unhies unhies b e e r eve rs ed ed almost almost ex clusi ve l y y on on butt e r-f a t t need need ...... . . Stand " 1. 1. pr e sent sent adverse adverse an d d disturbing disturbing t e nd e nci es es in in which which produc e e hi g h-fat h-fat ...... Pricing Pricing systems systems bas e d d ticular ticular so so that that . . . . . . o f f the the dair y y indush -y: -y: " Commitm e nts nts to to dairy dairy br ee d d international international cooperation cooperation b e e strengthened, strengthened, in in par P aa rlberg rlberg ur ged ged r e-exam ination ination of of th ese ese aspects aspects velopment velopment programs programs within within a a wor l d-wid e e framework , , s ubstantiall y y above above th e e world world l eve ls. " " effor ts , , and and a llo w w speedier speedier impl emen t a ti on on of of d e Market," Market," h e e advised, advised, " so so long long as as our our pric es es are are Th e e d e leg a tes tes also also urg e d d " that that to to assist assist national national or or anywhere anywhere e l se, se, Common Common Market Market or or no no Common Common all." all." mercial mercial ex port port outlet outlet for for dairy dairy products products in in Europ e e univ e rsal rsal e ducation ducation to to ex pand pand th o e pportuniti es es for for "VVe "VVe cannot cannot hop e e to to d eve lop lop a a substantial substantial com a pplying pplying modern modern t ec lmiqu es es and and systems, systems, and and for for from from commercial commercial tr a d e e with with th ; ; e e r es t t of of th e e world." world." rural rural populations, populations, so so that that th ey ey will will b e e capable capable of of since since th e e industr y y " h as as practicall y y sealed sealed its e lf lf off off 3 . . for for the the massiv e e and and purposiv e e ducation ducation of of th e e would would hav e e a a " zero zero e ff ec t " " o n n American American dairymen dairymen d eve loping loping co unh · i es; es; tim e e eco nomi c c advisor advisor t o o President President Eisenhower, Eisenhower, sttited sttited to to th e e :conditions :conditions and and r e qttir e m e nt s s of of th e e Th e e European European Common Common Market, Market, said said tl1 e e one of of both both short- and and long-t er m m adaptive adaptive research research th e e Common Common Market Market of of Europe." Europe." scientific scientific and and te c hnical hnical knowl e dg e e and and th e e promotion promotion " Common Common Market Market of of th e e United United Stat es es rather rather tl1 a n n 2. 2. for for th e e maximum maximum utilization utilization of of th e e stock stock of of (Con t inu e d d fr om om Page Page 235 ) ) guarantee guarantee of of his his fre e dom dom and and dignity ; ; ASDA ASDA MEETING MEETING ...... th e e foundation foundation of of his his incr eas ing ing welfare, welfare, and and th e e who who works works it , , the the basis basis of of his his eco nomic nomic b e tt e rm e nt , , land land use use so so that that the the land land might might becom e, e, for for the the man man 'Rep rint e d d f r om om " For For Yow· Yow· I nformat i o n ," ," June June 26, 26, 1 963 . . obsolete obsolete sh·uctures sh·uctures and and systems systems of of land land t e nm e e and and p eace eace . .. . . " " prices, prices, and and to to r e form , , where where r eq uir ed, ed, unjust unjust and and a nd nd d eve lopm e nts nts as as indisp e nsabl e e e e creas 1 1 e e m m e d d e production production n t t n s s of of through through e nsurin g g just just and and stable stable ment , , a nd nd co nditions nditions of of eco nomic nomic and and social social minish·ative minish·ative progr ess ess machinery, machinery, to to give give inc e nti ves ves to to in to to achieve achieve high er er s tandards tandards o f f v li ing , , full full mor em plo e e y specifically, specifically, to to secure secure th e e most most e ff ec tiv a e d d e r r th e e U. U. N. N. c hart e r r to to tak e e joint joint and and separate separate quir e ments ments action , , of of ec onomic onomic and and social social progr e ss , , and, and, b e ing ing also also inh e r e nt nt in in tl1 e e pl e dg e e of of th e e n a tions tions b . . for for un th e e adaption adaption of of th e ir ir institutions institutions to to th e e r e hung e r r in in eve r y y co rn e r r of of tl1 e e ea rth ; ; this this obligation obligation which which at at pr ese nt nt are are larg e l y y und e r-utiliz e d ; ; man man race, race, and and must must fight fight to to achi eve eve fr ee dom dom a. a. for for from from a a plann e d d and and int eg rat e d d us e e of of resomces resomces duti es es as as well well as as th e ir ir rights rights as ' ' members members of of 1. 1. the the b y y all all hu governments governments of of the the developing developing countries countries o f f a ll ll m en en and and women, women, who who must must r ecog b e e niz taken e e tl1 : : e ir ir " Th e a t t th e e limination limination of of hung er er is is a a primary primary and and task task " That That to to thi e s ff ec t , , speedy speedy and and d ec isiv e e action action peac e; e; e nsur e e a a e fast r r rat e e of of ec onomic onomic and and social social growth, growth, titl e d, d, and and is is a a thr eat eat t o o social social and and int e rnational rnational e ffectiv e e us e e of of all all human human and and natural natural resourc es, es, to to th e e qualit y y of of opportunity opportunity t o o which which th ey ey are are wide wide en d eve lopm e nt nt d e dic a ted ted to to th e e full es t t and and most most in co mpatibl e e with with th e e dignity dignity of of human human beings beings should should and and b e e conceived conceived in in th e e fram ewo rk rk of of a a world nutrition nutrition is is un acce ptabl e e m o rall y y and and socially e limination limination , , i s s of of hung e r r from from th e e f ace ace of of th e e arth arth a lso lso stated stated " th a t t th e e p e rsist e n ce ce of of hung e r r and and in in mal part , , that that th e e participants participants urg e e " that that th e e task task of of In In th e ir ir final final d e claration , , th e e Congr e ss ss participants participants closed closed June June 18, 18, adopted adopted a a d e claration claration which which said , , F F AO's AO's Fr ee dom dom from from Htmg e r r c ampaign . . 'Participants 'Participants in in th e e World World Food Food Congress, Congress, which which has has provid e d d n ew ew stimulation stimulation to to move move al1ead al1ead in in On On Idea Idea is is that that Of Of th e e W W meeting meeting o dd dd of of - Wide Wide p e opl es es from from Participati ov e r r 100 100 o counh·ies counh·ies n n a nd nd do es es not not bind bind gove rnm e nt s s to to ac tion. tion. Th e e hop e e WFC WFC was was Views Views not not a a formal formal Of Of Development Development m ee ting ting of of government government Based Based delegat es es a nd nd Agriculture Agriculture Organization Organization of of th e e United United Nations, Nations, NEWS NEWS AN D D EVENTS EVENTS 239 239 240 NEWs AND EVENTS Four consecutive business sessions are planned for NAMA Convention To Focus Monday morning, September 9, and an identical pro cedure will be followed on Tuesday with more re- On Problems Of Operation freshing and 'brand-new" ideas. t· "What Makes Herman Hustle?" will be presented Discussions and presentations about the most press by Richard S. Lopata, a sociologist who for 18 years specialized in building manpower development pro ( ing business problems and opportunities facing all ••t vending operators will be highlighted at this year's grams for industry. He will discuss how operators Conv:ention of the National Automatic !vierchandis can motivate their employees to do their "very best" ing Association (NAMA) . work. In addition, he will analyze an employee Just announced, the convention program reflects a motivation-cost reduction program that has worked "brand-new approach" which promises delegates the for one vending company. Lopata is with A. T. "most" in profitable take-home ideas, according to Kearney & Company, a national management con Program Chairman Fred vV. Sarkis, Quick Cafeteria sulting firm headquartered in Chicago. Services, Division of Automatic Retailers of Ameri NAMA's Annual Banquet is slated for the Grand ca, Rochester, New York. Ballroom of the' Conrad Hilton at 7:30 Tuesday Scheduled for September 7-10 in Chicago's Mc evening. The special Ladies' Program this year fea Cormick Place and the Conrad Hilton Hotel, the tures a hospitality center at McCormick Place, musi 1963 NAMA ShO\·V will feature also the world's cal entertainment, a chartered cruise on Lake Michi , largest exhibit of automatic vending machines and gan, sight-seeing b·ips, luncheons, and a hat-making vending products. demonstration. Expected to be a top program attraction is the presentation "Two Steps Beyond," by E. B. Weiss, nationally renowned marketing and retailing expert, author, columnist, advertising executive and business FIVE DAIRYMEN VISIT RUSSIAN PLANTS forecaster. He will focus attention on vending in AS PART OF DSI EXCHANGE PROGRAM dustry opporhmities that lie several years beyond present vending methods, Sarkis reported. Five men prominent in the U. S. dairy indusb-y Weiss is vice-president and director of special spent three weeks in the USSR as a part of a two merchandising services for Doyle, Dane & Bernbach, way exchange arranged by Dairy Society Inter Inc., one of America's leading advertising agencies. national at the rec1u est of the V. S. State Depart His talk is scheduled for Monday, September 9. ment. A briefing was held July 8 in Washin-gton Sarkis pointed out that all of the NAMA business and their departure by jet for Moscow was July 10. sessions this year will feature expert speakers such J\1Iembers of the team included: Tom 0. Gaskins, as Weiss, and only a few of them have yet to be president, Crest Foods, Inc., Ashton, Illinois; Andrew confirmed. Jackson, a dairy farmer and president of American Other aspects of the "brand-new approach" to the Dairy Association of Michigan; Dr. Robert P. Joslin, convention program is the planned heavy use of the research director, Fairmont Foods Company, Omaha, latest audio-visual teclmiques; a new emphasis on Nebraska; George D. Scott, vice-president, Ex-Cell-O audience participation, and the elimination of the Corporation, Detroit, Michigan, and Harvey E. Thew, customary "back-to-back" or concurrent evening general manager, Madison Milk Producers Coopera workshops. Evening sessions will be limited to one tive Dairy, Madison, Wisconsin. each on Sunday, September 8, and Monday the ninth. The schedule, arranged by the Soviet government, All of the program sessions will be at the Comad included visits to dairy installations in and near the Hilton Hotel with the exeception of the NAMA An cities of Moscow, Leningrad, Smolensk, Kharkov, nual Meeting which opens the convention at Mc .1\ •Iinsk, Krasnodor and Tbilisi. Cormick Place, Saturday morning, September 7. This The first half of the exchange was completed on is the only business meeting on Sahu·day. "How June 15 when the USSR team, lai·gely dairy en to Make the Best Cup of Coffee" feahues, on Sunday gineers, concluded their three-week tour of United evening, four coffee-brewing and vending experts States dairy processing entities and retmned to Mos who will discuss how operators can make more profit cow. The itinerary for the visiting team was ar from coffee vending through "quality control." Sm ranged by DSI with members of the Society's Board kis reported major aspects to be covered are "The of Directors and other prominent dairy industry men Role of the Routeman," "Water Condit-ion·ing," "Sani responsible for the team's visits in Illinois, Wisconsin, tation" and "Product Quality." Indiana, Tennessee and New York. bo ys ys follow follow them , , th e e Agriculture Agriculture Departm e nt nt co n - ' Reprinted Reprinted from from Dairym e n s s L e agu e e N e w s. s. spraying spraying for , , and and harvesting. harvesting. Wives Wives h e lp lp th em, em, littl e e Iowa . . ing ing clown , , rotating rotating from, from, planting planting to , , f er tilizing tilizing with , , mark e t 's 's up. "-usecl "-usecl Farmers Farmers by by Station Station aTe aTe found found in in KMA the the Shenandoah , , fields-plowing fields-plowing , , up , , seed be be r ec hang ed ed h e anew anew lping lping with with with with th th e e e e housework. housework. magic magic words: words: ''The ''The ' ' spent spent th e e nerg y y of of his his ~x hop perts es es weeds, weeds, , , and and dr th eams, eams, e e ight-hour ight-hour h e e can can day, day, grasshoppers grasshoppers o r r I I stature. stature. And And when when h e e co mes mes He He in in is is at at not not noon much much , , having having for for droughts , , ditch e s , , throughwa ys, ys, dr esse d , , busin ess -wis e , , fast-growing fast-growing August. August. statesman statesman of of l l pl e nish nish yo ur ur ci ti es H . e e is is yo ur ur countryman-a countryman-a , I I button e d d denim and, and, above above all, all, a a good good soaking soaking rain rain in in fib e r , , and and self-reliant self-reliant young young citizens citizens at at noon, noon, to to h e auctions, auctions, lp lp l'e his his n e ighbors, ighbors, his his shirt shirt collar collar un yo ur ur comp e titor, titor, your your cus tom e r , , yo ur ur source source H e e lik of of es es food , , sunshine~ sunshine~ good good food , , State State Fairs, Fairs, dinner dinner Might Might as as well well put put up up with with him - h e e is is n yo e ssmen ssmen ur ur friend, friend, in in t ow n . . ambition. ambition. He He manag e s s mor e e capital capital than than most most of of th e e busi can can r e du ce ce his his acreage acreage but but a a yo mariager mariager u u can ' r t battling battling es train train a a his his pric e -c os t t squeeze. squeeze. dTought) dTought) can can bring bring his his business business antibiotics; antibiotics; to to a a standstill. standstill. a a production production You You ex p e rt rt with with a a surplus; surplus; and and of of God God (a (a lat e e spring , , an an ea rly rly frost , , a a tornado, tornado, dietitian dietitian flood with with , , a a passion passion for for alfalfa, alfalfa, aminbos , , and and C iti es es mmd mmd an an ever -pr ese nt nt p 0ss ibilit personnel personnel y y that that a n n dir Act Act ec tor tor with with grease grease und e r r his his finaernails ; ; f~i~h f~i~h to to c~ ntinuall meet meet y y th e e challenges challenges attachments; attachments; of of his his capa a a purchasing purchasing agent agent in in an an old old h a t ; a a ; A A farmer farmer is is both both Faith Faith and and Fatalist-he Fatalist-he with with his his must must hom hav e; e; e e his his office; office; a a scientist scientist using using fertihzer fertihzer th e m , , but but it it tak es es H eave n n to to stop stop th em. em. A A farmer farmer is is a a paradox-h e e is is an an overall overall exec utiv e e tain tain th em em and and wait wait for for th em, em, weather weather can can d e la y y ; ; Wha.t Wha.t Is Is A A Farm er? er? fuses fuses th e m , , ci t y y r e lativ es es visit visit th em, em, salesmen salesmen de partment , , as as - secretary tr ea sur e r . . El ec t e d d to to the the Exe- H. H. W. W. Anderson Anderson of of th e e Atlanta Atlanta D e partm en and and t t of of J. J. Health. Health. C . . McCaffrey McCaffrey of of the the Illinois Illinois State State Health Health D e a ld ld Ra ce ce of of th e e New New York York Dair y men's men's L VICe-president, VICe-president, eag u e, e, and and Dean Dean Mi l k k Compan y, y, as as its its chairman, chairman, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Stat e e Departm e nt nt of of Agriculture; Agriculture; . . The The Don C~nfer e nc also also e e r e -elect ed ed Park Park E. E. Livingston , , He a lth lth D e partment ; ; Dr. Dr. Howard Howard Johnson Johnson years. years. of of the the c utiv e e Board Board were were Samuel Samuel T oles oles of of th e e Florida Florida rating rating State State e af af ach ach listed listed shipper shipper at at l eas t t once once every every two two ratings ratings and and for for requ es ting ting PHS PHS to to mak e e a a c h ec k E. E. L. L. R u ppert ppert b y y the the PHS PHS to to assure assure th e e maintenance maintenance of of publish e d d ment ment that that th e r e e was was a a need need for for incr ease d d surveillance surveillance more more ~1seful ~1seful to to states states and and communities, communities, and and agree study study ways ways and and m e ans ans for for making making th e e Conf e r e nc e e control control mastitis e ; stablishm e nt nt of of a a co mmitt ee ee to to dors e ment ment of of an an int e nsiv e e ducational ducational campaign campaign to to plants plants to to appear appear on on consumer consumer milk milk cartons; cartons; e n ing , , identification identification code code numb e rs rs for for States States and and for for endorsement endorsement of of a a plan plan to to includ e e in in th e e Ii'viS Ii'viS list D eve lopm e nts nts of of the the 1963 1963 Conference Conference in 2 lud e cl: cl: th e e Amelican Amelican people . . the the program program is is of of great great pub l ic ic h ea lth lth significance significance to to milk milk shipper shipper certification certification program program and and indicat e d d that that th e e keen keen interest interest and and support support of of th e e S e rvi ce ce in in th e e Public Public H ea lth lth s ~ rvic as as e, e, ke y not e e speaker, speaker, r ea ffirm e d d Surgeon Surgeon General General Luther Luther L. L. T erry erry of of th e e U. U. S. S. 1965 . . ence ence will will b e e h e l d d in in Louisville , , K e ntu c k y , , !vlay !vlay 9-13, 9-13, 15-18 15-18 in in Memphis, Memphis, T e nn essee . . Th e e T e nth nth Confer Conference Conference on on Int e rstat e e Milk Milk Shipment Shipment h e ld ld April April institutions institutions from from 40 40 states states at at the the Ninth Ninth ational ational l atory atory ag e ncies , , the the dair y y indush ·y ·y a nd nd e du ca tional tional Branch Branch addressed addressed some some 300 300 repr ese ntatives ntatives of of r eg u Edwin Edwin L. L. Rupp e rt , , chief chief of of th e e PHS PHS Milk Milk and and Food Food SPEAKS SPEAKS TO TO IMS IMS CONFERENCE CONFERENCE PHS PHS MILK MILK AND AND FOOD FOOD CHIEF CHIEF NEws NEws AND AND EvENTS EvENTS 241 241 242 NEWs AND EVENTS In order to com bat the some 600 thousand species Publication On Basic Data of insects, man has developed insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides and nematocides. The 64- . I Sponsored By Chern Industry page booklet tells how these chemicals work in cqm I bating the many pests which live off man's food Recognizing the widening gap between scientific supply and points out, for example, that a gallon of some weed killer will destroy more weeds in one information and public understanding, the chemical .~. indusb·y has published a booklet to acquaint the application than can seven men working with seven I public with basic data on agricultural chemicals now hoes for seven yems. . being used to fight against hunger and disease. The publication also cites the life-saving value of Entitled "Agricultural Chendcals-What They Are/ chemical control of many of the pests which even How They Me Used," the 64-page booklet empha now in developing areas bring death and disease sizes the problems which arise through unwise use to millions. of these chemicals and the conb·ibutions and ma Recognizing that there is a constant need for pro chinery established by the industry and government per use of agricultural chemicals, the industry cites to insure their safe and effective application. The instances vvhere chemical control has been of bene booklet was published in cooperation with a panel of fit rather than harm to wildlife. In terms of safety recognized scientific authorities which reviewed the and effectiveness, the publication points to the basic material and assisted greatly in its publication. federal laws which require that all pesticides shipped The publication points out that in many ways in interstate commerce be registered and that in so ' man is the victim of his own success since many of registering, the manufacturer must provide proof the developments which brought him better health that the chemical will safely and effectively accomp and extended life have also created problems in his lish the purpose for which it is manufach1red when environment. used in accordance with the instructions developed "An effective management of our environment by for its use. 'J chemical and other means is of ever-growing im In addition, legislation now in force requi.J:es portance," the industry booklet states. "Because of tolerances for pesticide residues in or on raw agri the increasing need for these chemicals to help man cultural products and makes it illegal to sell food banish hunger and disease from the earth, there is products with residues in excess of these tolerances. placed on all man a compow1ded responsibility to There is also discussion in the booklet of 32 basic make reasonably certain tl1at these elements are used questions concerning use of agricultural chemicals in the best interest of tl1e public welfare and safety. in the United States. "Government, indush·y, and science already have assumed heavy and shared responsibility for the national welfare. The urgent need now, and in the future is for the individual to assume his responsi SYMPOSIUM TO BE HELD IN SWEDEN bility. The obligation requires that individuals have adequate understanding of the scientific methods and A symposium arranged by the Food Microbiology of the tools and teclmiques of modern technology and Hygiene Section of tl1e International Association and their effect and importance in their lives." of Microbiological Societies (lAMS) in collabora The booklet is dl'vided into seven sections, begin tion with the Swedish Institute for Food Preserva ning with an explanation of the term "balance of tion Research ( SIK ) and supported by the Swedish nature." government and private contributors, will be held As the industry says, since the dawn of time, there June 2 through 5, 1964, in Goteborg, Sweden. has been a constant struggle of one species against This Fourth International Symposium on Food anotl1er for domination of tl1e eartl1. Only since Microbiology, will be concerned with the "Action, man has learned tl1rough his own development to Use and Nahu·al Occurrence of Microbial Inhibitors create tools to control the thousands of species which in Foods." \vould destroy him, has there ever been a domination Participation will be li.Jnited to those able and of one species over all others. willing to contribute original papers to the pro The booklet emphasizes that two of the primary ceedings of the symposium, which will be published tools of man in maintaining his position of domination as a separate volume. me science technology and that, through the use of Anyone wishing to obtain additional information these tools, he eventually will be able to feed, clothe should contact Dr. N. Molin, Swedish Institute for and house the millions who will come after him to Food Preservation Research ( SIK), Coteborg 16, populate this earth. Sweden, before September 1, 1963. 'R e print e d d fr o m m For For Y o ur ur In formation, formation, i 'vla y y 22 , , 1 9 6 3 . . usages. " " Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Ontario, Canada Canada and and th e e ben e fits fits man man d e ri ves ves from from man y y radiation radiation SEP-KO SEP-KO CHEMICALS CHEMICALS OF OF CANADA CANADA LTD. LTD. h ea 3801 3801 lth lth N hazards hazards . E. E. Fifth Fifth Street Street created created • • Minneapolis Minneapolis by by radiation radiation 21, 21, Minn . . from from a ll ll sources sources MONARCH MONARCH CHEMICALS, CHEMICALS, INC. INC. tific tific att e ntion ntion on on th e e total total r e l ationship ationship b e tw ee n n th e e ment ment but but SHINE!" SHINE!" or or write : : )' Also Also of of importanc e e are are studi e s s which which focus focus scien cleaner cleaner that that "leaves "leaves nothing nothing on on your your equip population population Ask Ask your your supplier supplier dosag es about about . . SUPER SUPER REAM, REAM, the the freshness freshness to to the the bottom. bottom. ca l l studies studies d es i gned gned to to assess assess accura t e l y y or or r e du ce ce th e e plastic plastic bags bags to to assure assure uniform uniform product product and and l l •• •• EXTRA EXTRA SAVINGS: SAVINGS: food food 100 100 chain chain lb. lb. BARRELS BARRELS are are of of contain contain special special 4 4 inter es t, t, as as are are purely purely physi cal cal I I for for smaller smaller volume volume pipeline pipeline users. users. co ntaminants ntaminants in in , , plants an imals , , and and the the non-suds non-suds human human chlorinated chlorinated alkaline alkaline cleaner cleaner practi New New large r r package package makes makes " " SUPER SUPER .. . . Fi REAM REAM e ld ld studi es es qf qf th e e movem e nt nt of of radioactiv e e of of radiation radiation on on cells cells and and tissu es es also also is is don e . . cer cer Institut e , , wh e r e e basic basic research research on on th e e ff ec ts ts Institut e e of of H ea lth , , particularl y y by by th e e ational ational Can suppo rt e d d at at the the Public Public He a lth lth Ser v ic e's e's Nationa l l and and tr eatment eatment aspects aspects of of radiation radiation are are conducted conducted or or of of Radiological Radiological H ea lth. lth. Studi es es on on th e e diagnostic diagnostic e ff ec ts ts of of radiation radiation are are e ncour a g e b d y y th e e Division Division var ious ious chemica ls ls e ith e r r to to intensif y y or or reduc e e th e e subs tan ces, ces, and and an an understanding understanding of of th e e ability ability of of within within th e e bod y y pr e f e rr ed ed b y y specific specific r a dioactiv e e i i on on the the c ritical ritical body body organs organs and and systems, systems, pathways pathways i ce ce says, says, " basic basic studi e s s on on the the effects effects of of radiation radiation PACK PACK Under Under th e e program , , th e e r e l ease ease issu e b d y y th e e S e rv ECONOMY ECONOMY cur r e nt nt fiscal fiscal year. year. 50 50 lb. lb. FIRST FIRST money invested invested in in th e e proj ec ts ts is is $ 1 , 545 , 000 000 for for the the h ea lth lth aspects aspects of of radiation. radiation. Th e e total total amount amount of of in in this this country country and and abroad abroad in in th e e area area of of public public in in May May that that PHS PHS is is supporting supporting 68 68 r ese arch arch proj e cts cts The The U. U. S. S. Public Public H e alth alth S e rvic e e announced announced l ate ate A~ A~ MONARCH MONARCH RESEAR C H H PROJE C TS TS GET GET PHS PHS SUPPORT SUPPORT portanc e e of of D e sign sign and and Cl e aning aning of of Whit e e Rooms. " " Products , , Wilmington , , California . . tric tric Corporation , , St. St. P e tersburg , , Florida , , "The "The Im Equipm e nt nt Compan y, y, Clev e land , , Ohio Ohio and and Turco Turco t on, on, advanc e d d manufacturing manufacturing e ngin ee r , , G e n e ral ral El ec phia, phia, P e nnsylvania ; ; Lincoln-Am e ricm1 ricm1 C C l l e e ani ani n n g g of of Budgeting Budgeting San · itation itation Labor Labor Costs; " " Harry Harry Hamil l and, and, Ohio ; ; Franklin Franklin R ese arch arch Company, Company, Philadel poration , , Cambridg e, e, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, " Th e e Impolta.nc e e Michigan; Michigan; Soutl1 Soutl1 Eastern Eastern Cordage Cordage Company, Company, Cleve at at G ene ral ral Dynamics J. J. ;" ;" Fr e d d Bush , , Polariod Polariod Cor includ e : : Clark e e Floor Floor Machin e e Company, Company, Muskegon, Muskegon, namics , , Fort Fort \ iVo rth , , T ex as , , "Housekeep · ing ing P1'0bl e ms ms the the conference. conference. Thos e e r ece ntl y y added added to to tl1e tl1e list list F. F. C. C. Clayton, Clayton, chief chief plant plant e ngin ee r , , G e neral neral Dy tl1 e e Sanitation Sanitation Maint e nanc e e Show Show that that accompanies accompanies Industrial Industrial Division Division program program to to be be h e ld ld Octob e r r 15: 15: additional additional firms firms had had contracted contracted for for bo oth oth space space in in The The following following speake rs rs are are scheduled scheduled for for th e e JS !v l l h ea dquart e rs rs also also mmounc e d d that that s eve ral ral and and Th e ir ir Solution. " " SA NI T AT IO N N SHOW SHOW " Smne Smne Sanitation Sanitation Probl e ms ms of of an an Int e rnational rnational Ai · rUn e e or or ask ask qu e stions stions in in an an inform al al gathering. gathering. Airways Airways Corporation, Corporation, London, London, who who will will sp ea k k on on eac h h r e gish·ant gish·ant th e e oppor tunit y y to to ex pr ess ess his his ideas ideas Jam e s s Bailey , , Hygien e e Officer Officer of of British British Overs ea s s th e e sam e e field field of of activity. activity. Th ey ey are are plann e d d to to give give On e e of of the the principal principal sp e ak e rs rs a nnounc e d d was was Mr. Mr. th e e maximum maximum of of g e n e r a l l discussion discussion among among those those in in s e ssion ssion conferenc e. e. m ee tings tings with with n o o formal formal speaker, speaker, d e signed signed to to allow allow vious vious program program an noun cements cements on on th e e three-day, three-day, 16- " Crak e r r Barr e l " " session session are are informal informal " shirtsleeve " " Ohio, Ohio, Octob e r r 14-16. 14-16. Th ese ese are are in in addition addition to to pre For For thos e e who who ma y y hav e e tun e d d in in l ate, ate, th e e ISM ISM it it forthcoming forthcoming Annual Annual Conferenc e e in in Clev e l and, and, Hospital s s and and D e partment partment Stor es. es. confirmation confirmation of of additional additional speakers speakers and and subj e cts cts for for taining taining to to Building s, s, Food Food Processing , , Industrial , , The The Institute Institute of of Sanitation Sanitation Management Management announced announced 14. 14. Th e e topics topics to to b e e discuss e d d include include those those per For For Cleveland Cleveland Meeting Meeting In In October October of of th e e v e ning ning "C ra k c er er Ban e l" l" sessions sessions on · · October October Th e e agenda agenda h as as al so so b ee n n announced announced ISM ISM Announces Announces for for several several Speakers Speakers And And Agenda Agenda CRA CKER CKER B A RREL RREL S ES SIO N N NEWS NEWS AND AND EVENTS EVENTS 243 243 244 NEWS AND EVENTS Powdered Product Being Developed COMING EVENTS Cornell University dairy scientists, in cooperation Auaust 5-9· Gordon Research Conferences, Food e> . with others in the dairy business, are developing t a , and NutTition, New London, New Hamp- powdered product that will turn into whole fluid shire; Inorganic Chemistry, New Hampton, milk when blended with water in a special machine. New Hampshire. They believe it will help feed the undernourished people of developing countries. Auaust 9-15: Sixth International Congress on 0 This milestone in the milk business, expected to Nuh·ition. International Union of NutTi be achieved in the near fuh1re, is an outgrowth of tional Sciences and Scottish Group of Nu the recent disclosure that whole milk can be recon trition Society of Great Britain and Ireland. stituted from nonfat drv milk and butter. Edinburgh, Scotland. The reconstituting rr:achine, developed at the sug gestion of Percy W. Drake of Sru·atoga Springs, N. Y. , August 14-16: Association of American Feed and research:-d at Cornell, has been demonsh·ated Conh·ol Officials, H otel Utah, Salt Lake before the Senate and House Agricultural Commit City, Utah. tees in \Vashington, D. C., and this week was shown to state officials in Albany. At the present time, August 26-28: Symposium on Environmental skim-milk powder, butter and water can be com Measmements, U. S. Public . Health Serv bined in the machine to produce a product which ice, Cincinnati, Ohio. Write: R. A. Taft tastes as good as whole milk, explains Professor Engineering Center, Columbia Parkway, R. F. Holland, head, dairy and food science depart Cincinnati, Ohio. ment, lew York State College of Agriculh1re, Cor nell. September 3-5: National Association of Dairy "You can't believe it urrtil you taste it," says Hol Equipment Manufacturers, (Members on land, who reports that the blended product has near ly), O'Hare Inn, Chicago, Illinois. Write: ly all the characteristics of normal cow's milk. John Marshall, 1012 14th Street, Washing ton, D . C. September 9-10: ·wisconsin Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians, Annual Meeting, Dell View Hotel, Lake Delton, ·wisconsin. Write: L. Wayne Brown, 421 Chemistry Bldg., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wiscon sin. September 2.'5-26: American Medical Association, DAIRY 23rd National Congress on Occupational JOBS Health, Jack 'far Hotel, San Francisco, Cal 4 ifornia. \Vrite: Executive Officer, At-.'IA . bulk tanks •Cleans } and all September 30-0ctober 2: New York State •Sanitizes equipment Association of Milk Sanitarians and Cornell thoroughly University Department of Dairy and Food •Removes and prevents Science, Annual Conference, Hotel Syracuse, milkstone build-up Syracuse, New York. \Vrite: R. P. 1'.1Iarch, • Helps control mastitis 118 Stocking Hall, Corn e II University, Ithaca, New York. L.A.Z.A.R"US LABORATORIES INC . Division, West Chemical Products, Inc., 42·16 West St., Long Island City1, H. Y. October 22-25: International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc., Dyne, lobac, Pipeline Powdr Plus, Super 50th Annual Meeting, Royal York Hotel, ALSO MAKERS OF Powdr Plus, Foamchek, and Foamchek-100 Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Write: H . L. Thomasson, Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana. ACTUAL ACTUAL SIZE SIZE Box Box 437, 437, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Indiana Indiana Inc. Inc. Food Food and and Environmental Environmental Sanitarians, Sanitarians, I I .. .. ' ' International International Association Association of of Milk, Milk, No. No. ______Lapel Lapel Buttons Buttons $1.00 $1.00 each = $ $ ...... @ @ No. No. ______3 3 1 1 /4 " " Decals Decals 25c 25c each = $ $ ______@ @ ; ; L ette r r "S" "S" White White - ...... Lettering Lettering - Blu e e Convolution- e e Blu ... . . Circl e e Bar Bar - SilvB1' SilvB1' & & ... . . Field - e e Blu Attractive Attractive Membership Membership Lapel Lapel Button Button and and Decal Decal Chief Chief of of th e e Ba c t e riolog y y D e partm e nt nt of of th e e Wm. Wm. than than 50 50 scientific scientific pap e rs. rs. B e for e e going going to to the the C e nter nter in in 1951 , , Dr. Dr. Foter Foter was was fens e . . The The new new liai son son officer officer has has authored authored more more fi e ld ld stations stations and and l a boratori es. es. Sta t e e L a boratory boratory Advisory Advisory Committ ee ee on on Civil Civil De Dr. Dr. Foter Foter from from va riou s s PHS PHS institut es, es, organiza tions, tions, can can Soci e ty ty of of American American B ac teriologists , , and and Ohio Ohio hearings hearings will will includ e e inform a tion tion accumulated accumulated and and b y y is is a a m e mb e r r of of Sigma Sigma Xi, Xi, Nationa l l and and Am e ri sects, sects, und es irabl e e fish fish and and other other organisms. organisms. Th Dr. Dr. e e Foter Foter holds holds d re eg es es from from Cornell Cornell University University of of p es ti c id e s, s, chemicals chemicals us e d d to to control control weeds, weeds, t e in riology riology at at Corn e ll ll University. University. with with e nvir o nm e nt a l l ha za rds rds assoc iat e d d with with the the grad us e e u ate ate study, study, h e e served served as as an an insh·uctor insh·uctor in in bac v ir onment . . Th e e Sub com mitt ee ee will will be be concerned concerned University University of of Conn ec ticut. ticut. Durin g g hi s s p e riod riod of of o n n acti v iti e r s e lat e d d to to chemi ca l l hazards hazards in in the the professorship professorship en in in th e e bacteriology bacteriology d e partment partment at at the the Ribi co ff's ff's staff staff b y y pr e paring paring PHS PHS material material and and data data L a borator y. y. From From 1935 1935 to to 1942 , , h e e held held an an assistant assistant Ce l e br ezze ezze d es ignat e d d Dr . . Fot e r r to to assist assist Senator Senator m e nt nt and and Chi e f f Sanitarian Sanitarian for for P e t t Milk's Milk's Res e arch arch H ea lth , , Education Education and and Welfare Welfare Secretary Secretary was was Arthur Arthur for for two two yea rs rs chief chief of of th e e bact e riology riology dep a rt tal tal Hazards. Hazards. S. S. Merrill Merrill Company , , Cincinnati. Cincinnati. Prior Prior to to th at, at, he he dination dination in in Environmen on on Inter-Ag e ncy ncy Coor t ec hnici a ns ns at at many many of of thes e e fairs . . Ribic o ff's ff's Subcommittee Subcommittee sented sented b y y William William L. L. Scholz , , a a partner partner with with DSI DSI Offi ce r r to to S S e e n n a a t t o o r r DSI's DSI's 36th 36th such such d e monstration. monstration. FAS FAS will will be be r e pre point e d d PHS PHS Li a ison ison U. U. S. S. Foreign Foreign Agricu ltur al al S e rvic e, e, and and w ill ill mark mark Cincinnati, Cincinnati, has has b ee n n ap Participation Participation at at Cologne Cologne is is in in cooperation cooperation with with the the Engineering Engineering C C enter, enter, d e monstration . . S e rvi ce's ce's Rob e rt rt A . . Taft Taft New New York York will will handl e e th e e instant nonfat nonfat instant U. U. dr S. S. y y Publi milk milk c c H e alth alth se rvi ce ce ic e e cream cream demonsh ·a tion , , and and Food Food Victor Victor R ese Najda Najda arch arch of of at at the the John John M . . Tr e ble ble of of Detroit Detroit i s s in in charge charge assistant assistant of of a a soft chief, chief, Milk Milk and and Dr . . Milton Milton J. J. Fat e r , , many, many, to to b e e h e ld ld in in S e ptemb e r. r. hibit hibit at at th e e Int SUBCOMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE e rnational rnational Food Food Fair Fair in in Cologne LIAISON LIAISON , , Ger POST POST Final Final plans plans a r e e b e ing ing mad e e for for a a two-prong ed ed ex DR . . MILTON MILTON FOTER FOTER NAMED NAMED TO TO FOOD FOOD FAIR FAIR SCHEDULED SCHEDULED AT AT COLOGNE COLOGNE NEWS NEWS At."D At."D EVENTS EVENTS 245 245 246 NEWs AND EvENTS d By Pennsalc New Members Of International Pool Owner's Guide Offere ' Vhat is pH conrtol? How often must I treat tl1 e JU rE 1 THROUGH } UNE 30 water? Should a swimming pool be drained com- DmECT MEMDERS pletely a t tl1 e close of the season? t , Melvin E. ·w aters orman •!. Lucas These and many other questions asked b y the Knox, Indiana Pascagoula, Mississippi typical owner of a home l'lool are now answered Harold Gortney in a new booklet entitled "Owner's Guide to Hom e Kansas City, Missomi Pool Care," published by Penns.alt Chemical Corpora tion. CENTRAL ONTARIO lV!JLK SANITAHTANS AssociATION ''The bookl et was designed to cover just about Jam es Lawler ration in easy-to-understand, Preston, Ontario every phase of pool ope non-technical language," reports C. E. Brooker, Penn CoNNECTICUT AssoCIATION OF D ArnY AND FooD SANITAHIANS salt's B-KIPE TNSWIM Deparbnent Manager. "We're sure that most pool ovvners, and even prospective William R. Van Meter Robert deC. Hughes find that this beautifully illustrated W est Hartford H artford pool owners, will booklet will serve as a handy reference to keep for Derwin C. Vaill years to come." Torrington Also featured in this 26-page booklet is the ' FLOHIDA AssociATION OF lvfrLK AND FooD SANITARIANS PENNSWIM Method of pool sanitation .. . a new ent tl1 at eliminates the need for daily Jolm Cintron Claudette Tozzi developm Miami Hialeah chlorination of water. This method, which resulted from testing conducted b y Pennsalt, involves a simp IowA AssOCIATION OF M I LK SAN ITARIANS lified pre-treatment of water b efore application of granular or tableted hypochlorite (chlorine). In George Harold James Green many cases, this pretreatment extends chlorine e f Cresco \.Vaterloo fectiveness up to seven days at a time. e from all KENTUCKY AssociATION OF MILK AND FooD SANITARIANS The "Owner's Guide" is now availabl dealers handling PENNSWIM swimming pool prod ey Arnold G. Cor ucts. London MISSISSIPPI AssociATION OF SANITAHIANS William F. King E ugene Powell Poplarville Ripl ey INDEX TO ADVERTISERS MISSOURI AsSOCIATIO.' OF M ILK AND FooD SAN ITARIANS Advanced Instruments, Inc. ______II Fred C. Ake Jack H yde Babson Bros. Co. ______Back Cover St. Joseph St. Joseph Difco Laboratories ______Inside Back Cover Everett E. F loyd Charles Frakes St. Joseph Vall ey Fall s, Kansas Fiske Associates, Inc. ______Inside Back Cover Howard C. Grisham David H. Lembach Fort Dodge Laboratories __ Inside Front Cover & I Jefferson City Mex ico IAMFES ______IV, 245, 248 Dennis C. Huffman Robert T. Marshall Columbia Columbia Lazai·us Laboratories, Inc., Div. of West Chemical Products, Inc. ------~44 OREGON AssociATIO • OF MILK S ANITARL-\NS Monarch Chemicals, Inc. ______243 John G. Schahfer ______247 Olympia, Washington TOPCO Chemical Co. ______Taper Surfaces, Inc. ______l] VmGlNIA AssociATION OF SANITARIANS The Haynes Mfg. Co. ______247 Frank J. Holmes The Heil Co. ______II Virginia Beach WHEN WHEN USED USED IN IN COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE WITH WITH A A EXISTING EXISTING FOOD FOOD ADDITIVES ADDITIVES REGULATION . . An An e q u a l l op p o · l t tm · i ty ty e m pl o y er er SAFELY SAFELY USED USED AS AS A A SANITARY SANITARY LUBRICANT LUBRICANT FOR FOR FOOD FOOD PROCESSING PROCESSING EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT 60 60 Park Park HAYNES·SPRAY HAYNES·SPRAY Place Place INGREDIENTS INGREDIENTS CONFORM CONFORM Newark, Newark, WITH WITH FDA FDA N . . REGULATIONS REGULATIONS J . . AND AND CAN CAN BE BE NO . PCO PCO COMPANY COMPANY SHIPPING SHIPPING WEJCHT - 7111S. 7111S. 4180 4180 Lorain Lorain Avenue Avenue • • Cleveland Cleveland Ohio Ohio 13, 13, PACKID PACKID THE THE co. co. 6·12 6·12 HAYNES HAYNES l AMS AMS OL OL PER PER MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING CARTON CARTON CHEMICAL CHEMICAL bactericidal bactericidal treatment treatment of of equipment. equipment. salary salary requirements, requirements, to: to: by by the the use use of of the the finger finger method method may may entirely entirely Send Send destroy destroy resume, resume, previou including including s s possible possible by by old old fashioned fashioned · lubricating lubricating methods. methods. Spreading Spreading lubricant s s fered fered by by leading leading chemical chemical company. company. The The Haynes-Spray Haynes-Spray eliminates eliminates the the danger danger af af contamination contamination which which i s s and and colloidal colloidal chemistry. chemistry. Growth Growth opportunity opportunity of il il level level R~ R~ will will be be considered, considered, Eke Eke by by U. U. if if strong strong S. S. PKI& PKI& in in physical physical Heatfk Heatfk Selllliu Selllliu fied fied man man in in dairy dairy chemistry chemistry technology technology at at PhD PhD C~~ C~~ Jttifk Jttifk Ute Ute lftifk lftifk OruliMaKu OruliMaKu dustrial dustrial cuul cuul experience experience Code Code preferred, preferred, although although quali· quali· duct duct application application research research for for new new products. products. In lice lice lflculelut lflculelut HAYNES HAYNES -SPRAY -SPRAY lftefbd lftefbd ~ ~ .£~ .£~ PhD PhD in in charge charge of of product product development development and and pro· pro· Dairy/Food Dairy/Food NON NON -TOXIC -TOXIC deoned deoned doily . . RESEARCH RESEARCH MACHINE MACHINE CHEMIST whi c h h PARTS PARTS ore ore ODORLESS ODORLESS -TASTELESS -TASTELESS and and for for All All OTHER OTHER SANITARY SANITARY MACHINE MACHINE PARTS PARTS SANITARY- GLASS GLASS & & PAPER PAPER PURE PURE FILLING FILLING POSITIVE POSITIVE PUMP PUMP PARIS PARIS CAPPER CAPPER SLIDES SLIDES TAINT TAINT & & PARTS PARTS WHEN WHEN IN IN CONTACT CONTACT WITH WITH FOOD FOOD PRODUCTS. PRODUCTS. SANITARY SANITARY NEUTRAl SEALS SEALS . . Will Will & & PARTS PARTS NOT NOT TURN TURN RANCID - CONTAMINATE CONTAMINATE OR OR CONTAINS CONTAINS NO NO ANIMAl ANIMAl HOMOGENIZER HOMOGENIZER OR OR VEGETABLE VEGETABLE PI S TONS TONS FATS . . - ABSOLUTELY ABSOLUTELY RING RING SANITARY SANITARY VAL VAL YES YES O.S.P. O.S.P. UNITED UNITED STlTES STlTES PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDS STANDARDS &lceuM &lceuM be be me.d me.d L4 L4 ~ : : HAYNES-SPRAY HAYNES-SPRAY P. P. 0. 0. Box Box 101, 101, Eugene, Eugene, Oregon. Oregon. Uti6t-~ Uti6t-~ tion tion and and a a catalogue catalogue please please write, write, Dairy Dairy Technology, Technology, Inc., Inc., ruce ruce Tlci6 Tlci6 Single Single service service milk milk sample sample tubes. tubes. For For further further informa· informa· FOR FOR SALE SALE ; ; Classified Classified Ads Ads CLEVELAND CLEVELAND 13, 13, OHIO OHIO 4180 4180 Lorain Lorain Avenue Avenue • • Cleveland Cleveland THE THE 13, 13, HAYNES HAYNES Ohio Ohio MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING CO. CO. THE THE HAYNES HAYNES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING CO. CO. TUBES - PACKED PACKED 12-4 12-4 OZ . . TUBES TUBES PER PER CARTON CARTON Pac\ed Pac\ed 100 100 to to the the box. box. Order Order through through your your dairy dairy supply supply house . . SPRAY- PACKED PACKED 6- 16 16 OZ . . CANS CANS PER PER CARTON CARTON Ayoiloble Ayoiloble lor lor 1 " , , JY.a•, JY.a•, 2 " , , and and 2~" 2~" 3 " " fittings. fittings. SANITARY SANITARY • • NON NON TOXIC TOXIC • • ODORLESS ODORLESS • • TASTELESS TASTELESS Withstand Withstand sterilization sterilization long long life, life, use use over over and and over over Help Help Odorless, Odorless, overcome overcome polished polished line line vibrations vibrations surfaces, surfaces, easily easily Beverage Beverage cleaned cleaned Plants - Bakeries- Canneries- Packing Packing Plants Plants Eliminate Eliminate line line blocks blocks For For Use Use in in Non-porous, Non-porous, Dairies- Ice Ice no no Cream Cream seams seams or or Plants- crevices crevices Breweries No No sticking sticking to to fittings fittings Sanitary, Sanitary, PROCESSING PROCESSING unaffected unaffected AND AND by by heat heat PACKAGING PACKAGING or or fats fats EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT Self-centering Self-centering ESPECIALLY ESPECIALLY DEVELOPED DEVELOPED FOR FOR LUBRICATION LUBRICATION OF OF FOOD FOOD right right joints, joints, no no leaks, leaks, no no shrinkage shrinkage Time-saving, Time-saving, easy easy to to assemble assemble ~ ~ $NA1'!J'I~E $NA1'!J'I~E /l@aa~ /l@aa~ tM4e tM4e ing ing food food additive additive regulation. regulation. NEOPRENE NEOPRENE GASKET GASKET lor lor Sanitary Sanitary Fittings Fittings used used in in compliance compliance with with an an exist LEAK-PREVENTING LEAK-PREVENTING food food processing processing equipment equipment when when FITTINGS FITTINGS SNAP SNAP INTO INTO safely safely utilized utilized as as a a lubricant lubricant for for approved approved by by F.D . A . . and and can can be be All All Lubri- Film Film ingredients ingredients are are SPRAY SPRAY TUBE TUBE AND AND bolh bolh SEAT SEAT FITTINGS FITTINGS HUGS HUGS STANDARD STANDARD BEVEL BEVEL PRECISION PRECISION STANDARDS STANDARDS "' FORM·FIT "' "' WIDE WIDE FLANGE FLANGE MOLDED MOLDED TO TO . HAYNES HAYNES $NAl'!fl"rE $NAl'!fl"rE GASKETS GASKETS N E W S S AN E D VEN T S S 2 4 7 7 248 --,....,.....------~------~ ,-.....,_...__...._~~_,_-~-.....,..~--.....- ...... Cc I) A pplication for M ember ship ( ) ~ INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL ~ , SANITARIANS, INC. • ~ I Box 437, Shelbyville, Imliana ------_Date ------( ~ Name ------Ple_a_s~- P-rl~t------1 ( ••I ) ~ I : :~ :,~~~~~-.. ~~. ~·;~ ..- ... h.-~.ov: ) :::: ~ ::::~m··· l ::~~~::i:~:::~~~:~;!.~;·~.~'~·"·· ~ ~ Please Print ~ Re 437 ~ Box JOURNAL o/:.~~~ia;;;~~ECHNOLOGY lc , (Monthly Publication) ( ______Date ______~ (~ Name ______:Pfeas~-Prl~t - ---- ______, Address ------[] New (~ ~) ------[] Renewal $8.00 ~ ~ Education111l Institution & Public Libraries Individual Non-Member Subscription (Annually) , ! (Annually) $6.00 [] Check .r::J Cash Governmental Agencies, Commercial Organizations ) (Please Print) ~ ~ I. A. M. F. E. S. & J. M. F. T. Change of Address c ) Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. ~ ~ FROM ) Name ------Date ~ ~ Please Print c ) Address ~ ~ . TO ~ ~ Name ( Please Print ~ c Address ------! Please Prin ~ ~ ~ ( ) I. A. M. F. E. S. & J. M. F. T. Order for 3A Standards Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. ~ ( Name ------Date ~ Please Print ~ c ~ress ------~ ( ) Comptete Set @ 2.50 = ------( ) Complete set bound (durable cover) @ $4.25 ( ) HTST Std-with cover = .50 ~ ( ) HTST Std-without cover = .45 c ~ 5 Year Service on Standards as Published = 2.50 additional ~ ~ ( ) Order for Reprints of Articles ( c ~ Amt. ______Title ______c Schedule of prices for reprints F. 0. B. Shelbyville, Indiana ~ 1 Page 2 Pages 3 & 4 Pages 6 & 8 Pages 12 P . Cover C $12.50 $15.00 $21.00 $30.00 $50.00 $21.67 C 100 or less 3 37 ( Add'l. 100~ 1.60 1.60 3.00 4.20 7.00 . c .....,.....,...,._,._ : .,....._.,~~...-~-___..._~----""-.,___,______ -~------~ ' - immediate immediate delivm·y. delivm·y. Precision Precision El e ctronic ctronic Devices Devices model model and and is is available available fo1· fo1· Creators Creators of of l eade1 ·ship ·ship featu?·es featu?·es of of the the p1·evious p1·evious BETHEL, BETHEL, C O N N ECT I C U T T economically economically pric ed ; ; includes includes all all the the lr lr IIIII IIIII of of FISKE FISKE th e e ASSOCIATES, ASSOCIATES, FISKE FISKE MILK MILK INC. INC. CRYOSCOPE CRYOSCOPE is is Th e e compact compact NEW NEW labomt01 ·y ·y m odel odel l l .. .. th1·ough th1·ough o u1 · · atttho1·ized atttho1·ized agents. agents. I I Add1 ·ess ·ess any any inqui1·ies inqui1·ies di1·ectly di1·ectly to to th e e plant, plant, o1· o1· of of th e e A.O.A.C . . Fisk e e C1·yoscope C1·yoscope also also meets meets the the specifications specifications Manual Manual Milk Milk Indust1·y Indust1·y Foundation. Foundation. The The Da i1 ·y ·y Prod ucts , , A.P.H.A., A.P.H.A., and and in in LaboTatory LaboTatory Standa1·d Standa1·d Methods Methods foT foT the the E xa mination mination of of p1·oc edm·es edm·es a1 ·e ·e w1·itten, w1·itten, as as d esc 1 · ibed ibed in in latest latest is is th e e instnmten t t a1·ound a1·ound which which the the official official d eve lopm ent . . Th e e Fi s k e e MILK MILK CRYOSCOPE CRYOSCOPE p1· ecision ecision c1·yoscopy c1·yoscopy is is continuous continuous ?'esea1·ch ?'esea1·ch and and A A d e cisiv e e facto?· facto?· in in Fiske Fiske leade1·sh i p p in in technically technically t1·ained t1·ained pe1·sonnel. pe1·sonnel. 1·apidly 1·apidly and and easi ly, ly, wit h h a a minimum minimum of of enabl es es you you to to p1·ocess p1·ocess small small test test samples samples p1·oducts p1·oducts by by the the f?· eezin g g point point method . . It It accu?'at e e wate?' wate?' content content in in milk milk and and othe1· othe1· dai1·y dai1·y Fiske Fiske MILK MILK CRYOSCOPES CRYOSCOPES clet ennine ennine ; ; 1·eliability 1·eliability ancl1·eputation ancl1·eputation of of yom· yom· p1·oducts. p1·oducts. cont1·ol cont1·ol necessa1·y necessa1·y in in maintaining maintaining the the j j you, you, both both j?·om j?·om the the pTofit pTofit angle angle and and the the quality quality The The p1·oblem p1·oblem of of added added wate1· wate1· in in milk milk - conce1·ns conce1·ns -~ -~ FISKE FISKE MILK MILK CRYOSCOPE CRYOSCOPE ...... the the leader leader in in the the field field DETROIT DETROIT MICHIGAN MICHIGAN USA USA DIFCO DIFCO LABORATORIES LABORATORIES I NFOR M AT I ON ON ON ON REQUEST REQUEST concen trati ons ons 0.05 0.05 tmits, tmits, 0.1 0.1 unit unit and and other other P P e n · ici llin llin STA STA DARDIZED DARDIZED IMPREGNATED IMPREGNATED DISKS DISKS Standm·dized Standm·dized Impregnated Impregnated Disks Disks BACTO BACTO - PENASE PENASE DISKS DISKS in in 20 20 mL mL and and 100 100 mL mL via l s s P enic illin ase ase . . BACTO- PENASE PENASE CONCE CONCE TRATE TRATE in in 1 1 mL mL ampu l s s Standardized Standardized Spore Spore Suspens ion ion Ino c ul um um . . BACILLUS BACILLUS SUBT JLI S S ATCC ATCC 6633 6633 BACTO BACTO - SPORULAT I NG NG AGAR AGAR M M eclia eclia . . BACTO BACTO - A 1 1 TIBIOTIC TIBIOTIC lv ! E DIUM DIUM I I d e t e rminin g g pr esence esence of of penicillin penicillin in in milk milk and and dair y y products. products. Dir ect ect assay assay method method of of Arret Arret a nd nd Kirsbbaum Kirsbbaum (F DA ) ) for for Rel · iable iable Sensitive Sensitive Practical Practical PENICILLIN PENICILLIN in in MILK MILK for for D etect ion ion of of RAPID RAPID DISK DISK METHOD METHOD , ' .( . I Whenever you see red tape it often means someone is wasting money-but when a SURGE Dealer runs this Red Tape for a Dairyman he is probably showing him how Constant vacuum to save money ... and make money! This tape is produced is important to by the new 1963 Babson Levograph Vacuum System Analyzer':' , an electronic device that makes "pictures" on mastitis control- tape that show a Dairyman exactly what happens to vac the local uum levels at milking time. Why is this important to you? SURGE Dealer Simple! Healthier cows mean more milk, and better milk! is at your call! Research shows that constant vacuum is directly related © Babson Bros . Co ., 1963 to herd health. SURGE Dealers are available to serve your Dairymen at any time. •SURGE and LEVOG RAPH are Babson Bros. Co. trademar ks BABSON BROS. CO. 2843 WEST 19TH STREET, CHICAGO 23, ILLINOIS