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PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS Susan Rimby Shippensburg University Pamela Marquez Community College of Aurora Katie Janssen WOMEN AND THE MAKING OF AMERICA Mari Jo Buhle Brown University Teresa Murphy George Washington University Jane Gerhard Holyoke College Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 © 2009 by PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-227842-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-227842-3 Introduction I-1 From Challenging Dichotomies: Perspectives on Women's History I-2 From Gender, Race, and Culture: Spanish-Mexican Women in the Historiography of Frontier California I-3 From Beyond the Search for Sisterhood: American Women's History in the 1980s I-4 From African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race I-5 From Placing Women in History: Definitions and Challenges I-6 From Subject to Change: Theories and Paradigms of U.S. Feminist History Chapter 1 1-1 Excerpts from the Florentine Codex 1-2 The “Man-Woman” Role: An Overview 1-3 The Work of Gender in the Discourse of Discovery 1-4 Ballad of a Tyrannical Husband 1-5 Two Views of Maria Theresa 1-6 Witches at Windsor (1579) Chapter 2 2-1 The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1638) 2-2 Juan Sanz De Lezaún, “An Account of Lamentable Happenings in New Mexico.” 2-3 Experience Mayhew Describes the Pious Wampanoag Women of Martha’s Vineyard (1727) 2-4 Native Women Resist the Jesuits (1640) 2-5 Father Le Jeune on the Importance of Native American Women (1633) 2-6 Benjamin Wadsworth, A Well-Ordered Family (1712) 2-7 Laws on Female Slaves—Seventeenth-Century Virginia 2-8 Anne Bradstreet on Queen Elizabeth 2-9 Women in the Courts—Seventeenth Century Maryland 2-10 The Trappan’d Maiden: or, The Distressed Damsel.” 2-11 The Confession of Margaret Jacobs (1692) Chapter 3 3-1 Slave Women Making Money at the Market 3-2 Abigail and John Adams on the Rights of Women 3-3 A Diary: A Woman Alone in Wartime Philadelphia 3-4 New Jersey Grants Voting Rights to All Property Holders (1776) 3-5 Sarah Osborn's Narrative (1837) 3-6 Letters from Eliza Lucas Pinckney 3-7 Sentiments of An American Woman (1780) 3-8 Revolutionary Broadside (1770) 3-9 Elizabeth Sprigs, An Indentured Servant, Writes Her Father 3-10 Thomas Jefferson’s Slaves Join the British (1781) 3-11 The Rights of Man and Woman in Post-Revolutionary America 3-12 Molly Wallace, Valedictory Oration (1792) Chapter 4 4-1 Captivity Among the Sioux 4-2 A Citizen Protests the Rape of Indian Women in California (1862) 4-3 Occurrences in Hispanic California 4-4 Sacagawea Interprets for Lewis and Clark (1804) 4-5 Across the Plains With Catherine Sager Pringle in 1844 Chapter 5 5-1 Beecher Sisters on Housekeeping 5-2 Catharine Beecher on Women’s Interests 5-3 Reasons for Entering Prostitution (1859) 5-4 A Lowell Mill Girl Settles In (1845-1848) iii 5-5 Women’s Bonds 5-6 Drunks of Many Colors, All Men 5-7 The Indestructible Skirt 5-8 Mothers and the Early Habits of Industry (1834) 5-9 Female Industry Association, from the New York Herald (1845) 5-10 The Harbinger, Female Workers of Lowell (1836) 5-11 A Lowell Mill Girl Tells her Story (1836) Chapter 6 6-1 An Enslaved Wife’s Letter to Her Husband (1840) 6-2 Escape from Slavery 6-3 Mourning a Friend 6-4 ‘Yaller Gals’ 6-5 Slaves Gather in the Great Market of St. John 6-6 The Trials of a Slave Girl 6-7 Matilda’s Letter to the Editor 6-8 New England Writer Portrays Slavery in 1852 6-9 An Enslaved Wife’s Letter to Her Husband (1852) 6-10 Rose Williams’s Forced Marriage in Texas Chapter 7 7-1 Resolutions of the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women 7-2 Cherokee Women, Beware 7-3 Constitution of the Colored Female Religious and Moral Society of Salem 7-4 The Factory Girl’s Lament 7-5 An Address to the Daughters of New England 7-6 The Shakers 7-7 Elizabeth Cady Stanton Speaks to the American Anti-Slavery Society (1860) 7-8 A Warning to Mothers from the Female Moral Reform Society 7-9 A Call for Women to Become Abolitionists 7-10 Southern Belle Denounces Slavery Chapter 8 8-1 New York Married Women’s Property Act 8-2 From A History of Women in Trade Unions 8-3 Catharine Beecher’s Essay on the Education of Female Teachers 8-4 Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, Seneca Falls 8-5 Letters on the Equality of the Sexes 8-6 Course of Instruction, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary 8-7 From “Discourse on Woman,” by Lucretia Mott 8-8 Emma Willard Proposes a Female Seminary in Greece 8-9 The Oberlin Experiment 8-10 Elizabeth McClintock and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Challenge Mr. Sulley’s Comments on the Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention (1848) 8-11 Sojourner Truth’s Address, as Recalled by Frances D. Gage Chapter 9 9-1 Mary Boykin Chesnut, A Confederate Lady's Diary (1861) 9-2 A Union Spy Makes Her Way Behind Confederate Lines 9-3 The Journal of a Confederate Nurse 9-4 Clara Barton, Medical Life at the Battlefield (1862) 9-5 A Nurse Suppresses Emotion 9-6 A Plantation Mistress Observes the Eve of the Civil War 9-7 Charlotte Forten, Life on the Sea Islands (1864) 9-8 Harriet Jacobs Describes “Contraband” Conditions to Readers of the Liberator 9-9 Harriet Jacobs Assists a Freedmen’s School in Alexandria, Virginia. 9-10 Lincoln’s Assassination, As Witnessed by Elizabeth Keckley 9-11 Women Workers After the War iv Chapter 10 10-1 A Woman’s Life-Work 10-2 Contracts Undertaken by Freedwomen (1866, 1867) 10-3 Dialogue on Woman’s Rights 10-4 From Della Irving Hayden, Autobiography (1917) 10-5 France Rollins, Diary (1868) 10-6 Letter from Lucy Skipworth to John Hartwell Cooke (1865) 10-7 Fanny Smart to Adam Smart (1866) 10-8 Lucy Stone, Speech in Favor of the Fifteenth Amendment (1869) 10-9 Washerwomen of Jackson to Mayor Barrows (1866) 10-10 The Memorial of Victoria C. Woodhull (1870) 10-11 Victoria Woodhull, Nomination for President of The U.S. In 1872 10-12 Susan B. Anthony, Speech after Being Convicted of Voting in the 1873 Presidential Election 10-13 Complaints to the Freedmen's Bureau Chapter 11 11-1 Diary of Lucia Eugenia Lamb Everett 11-2 A Woman’s Story of Pioneer Illinois 11-3 To and Fro in California 11-4 Mrs. Guadalupe Gallegos 11-5 Rosalie Cunningham to Governor John D. St. John (1870) 11-6 Polygamy in the Downfall of Nations (1904) 11-7 Zitkala-Sa Travels to the Land of the Big Red Apples (1884) Chapter 12 12-1 The New Womanhood 12-2 The Change in the Feminine Ideal 12-3 Letter Discussing Women Ministers (1896) 12-4 Letter from Eliza Anna Grier to Susan B. Anthony (1890) 12-5 Teaching School in Franklin, Virginia 12-6 Report on Social Economics 12-7 Part of the Working Class Chapter 13 13-1 American Methodist Episcopal Church Review (1902) 13-2 Anna Julia Cooper, From A Voice from the South: By a Black Woman of the South (1892) 13-3 Solitude of Self, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1892) 13-4 Work among workingwomen in Baltimore (1889) 13-5 Women’s Clubs 13-6 Report of the National Woman Suffrage Convention (1900) 13-7 Frances E. Willard, Christian Temperance (1893) 13-8 Women as Conservators of Public Health (1896) 13-9 Suffragist Convention at Dunkirk (1899) 13-10 Mary Church Terrell, “What the National Association [of Colored Women] has Meant to Colored Women” Chapter 14 14-1 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Need of Liberal Divorce Laws (1884) 14-2 The Comstock Act of 1873 14-3 Jane Addams,“An Analogy” (1912) 14-4 Advertisement for Contraceptives From a Late Nineteenth Century Newspaper 14-5 Birth Control in the Feminist Program 14-6 Mary to Helena (1869, 1870) 14-7 Family Planning (1926) 14-8 Margaret Sanger,Women Rebel and The Fight for Birth Control (1916) v Chapter 15 15-1 Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House (1910) 15-2 Protective Legislation 15-3 Muller v. Oregon (1908) 15-4 Laws Affecting Women and Children in Various States (1917) 15-5 Women and the Republic (1897) 15-6 Justice David J. Brewer (1909) 15-7 Carrie Chapman Catt (1916) 15-8 Nineteenth Amendment (1920) 15-9 Letters from Mary Church Terrell (1924-1925) 15-10 Helen M. Todd, "Getting Out the Vote" (1911) Chapter 16 16-1 Alice Drysdale Vickery, "The Place of Birth Control in the Woman's Movement" (1925) 16-2 Carlton C. Frederick, M.D., “Nymphomania as a Cause of Excess Venery” (1907) 16-3 Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D., on Female Sexuality (1902) 16-4 The Physical Education of Girls (1852) 16-5 Florence Kelley Explains Her Opposition to Full Legal Equality (1922) 16-6 “Two Doctors Describe a Case of Perverted Sexual Instinct in a Young Female”(1883) 16-7 Ida B.Wells-Barnett, from A Red Record (1895) 16-10 Lynch Law in Georgia: A Six-Weeks' Record 16-11 United States Women's Bureau Bulletin No.