CHAPTER Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative 16 translational neuroscience framework Juyoen Hura,*, Melissa D. Stockbridgeb, Andrew S. Foxc,d, Alexander J. Shackmana,e,f aDepartment of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States bDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States cDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States dCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States eNeuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States fMaryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States *Corresponding authors: Tel.: +1-608-358-5025, e-mail address:
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[email protected] Abstract When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the underlying mechanisms have only recently begun to come into focus. Here, we review new insights into the nature and biological bases of dispositional negativity, a fundamental dimension of childhood tem- perament and adult personality and a prominent risk factor for the development of pediatric and adult anxiety disorders. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurobiological, and mech- anistic evidence suggest that dispositional negativity increases the likelihood of psychopathol- ogy via specific neurocognitive mechanisms, including attentional biases to