Living Abroad A CANADIAN’S GUIDE TO WORKING, STUDYING, VOLUNTEERING OR RETIRING IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY Travel.gc.ca LIVING ABROAD A Canadian’s guide to working, studying, volunteering or retiring in a foreign country

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Ce document est aussi disponible en français sous le titre Vivre à l’étranger

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Cat. No. FR5-65/2012E ISBN 978-1-100-21202-9 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 BEFORE LEAVING CANADA 3 Complete a risk assessment...... 3 Carefully evaluate opportunities abroad ...... 4 A little planning goes a long way...... 6 Registration of Abroad...... 7 Dual citizenship—blessing or burden?...... 9 Temporary versus permanent residency...... 9 In case of an emergency…...... 10 Your health on the move...... 11 Purchase the best insurance you can afford...... 14 Supplemental insurance versus replacement insurance ...... 15 Moving abroad with children...... 17 Required travel documents...... 18 Calculate the costs...... 21 WHILE LIVING ABROAD 22 Stay safe...... 22 A roof over your head...... 23 Health care...... 24 Culture shock...... 25 Manage your money ...... 26 Cushioning the impact...... 26 Legal matters...... 29 Immigration and citizenship...... 31 Driving...... 33 Consular services...... 34 Have an emergency plan...... 35 Death abroad...... 35 Keep connected...... 36 COMING BACK TO CANADA 38 Planning for your return...... 38 FOR MORE INFORMATION 41 INTRODUCTION The world beyond our borders is home to about three million Canadians. Like you, they each have their own reasons for choosing to live in a foreign land, whether to work, study, volunteer, retire or pursue other opportunities. Residing abroad—either permanently or temporarily— can be a rich and rewarding experience.

It can also be challenging, particu- • inform and prepare yourself larly if you move to another before leaving Canada; country based on a dream, without • take care of yourself and your considering the risks and responsi- loved ones while abroad; bilities. The decision to leave • know what to do if things don’t familiar surroundings and adapt to work out as expected; and another social and cultural envi- • plan for your eventual return. ronment should not be taken lightly. It requires thorough re- We urge you to read this booklet search, knowledge and planning. as well as our main publication, Bon The better prepared you are before Voyage, But… Essential Information leaving Canada, the better your for Canadian Travellers. Also be sure experience abroad will be. to visit travel.gc.ca—your official source of information on interna- The assists tional travel. And have a safe, thousands of Canadians residing healthy and happy stay abroad! in foreign countries each year. With more than 260 offices in 150 countries worldwide—plus an Questions about Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa—we’re at your foreign travel? service 24 hours a day, seven days a • Is it safe to go there? week. While there are limits to the • Could I get sick? help we can give you, we offer a vast • Who can I contact for range of consular services, from emergency help? replacing lost passports and sharing • Can the Government of Canada information on local laws to lending get me out of a foreign jail? support during natural disasters and • What should I do if I lose medical emergencies. my passport? • Do I have to pay taxes on foreign income? We’re well aware of the challenges • What can I bring back you’ll face while living abroad. to Canada? That’s why we’ve developed this Answers: Travel.gc.ca booklet to help you:

2 BEFORE LEAVING CANADA COMPLETE A RISK ASSESSMENT It’s important to consider not only the rewards but also the risks of relocating abroad. Be sure to complete a risk assessment of each possible host country in order to identify a safe and suitable destination. If you’re daunted by the perils and inconveniences of a particular destination, then rule it out.

A risk assessment will pinpoint • The pace of life may be very concerns you should be aware of, different from what you’re such as safety and security, health used to, affecting your work conditions and the political, habits and well-being. economic, cultural and natural • Safe and comfortable environment, as well as precau- housing may be scarce or tions you can take. For example: prohibitively expensive. • There may be no wheelchair • Some countries experience access or allowances for continuing wars, insurgencies people with hearing, sight and civil unrest. or other special needs. • Others are subject to • The consumption of extreme temperatures and alcohol may be illegal, or natural disasters, such as persons convicted of drug- typhoons, earthquakes and related offences may face volcanic eruptions. capital punishment. • Children may be tried, con- victed and incarcerated as adults for their crimes.

Read up, register, reach us The Government of Canada encourages Canadians to follow the Three Rs of international travel: • Read up on safety and security, local laws and customs, entry require- ments, health conditions and other key travel topics by consulting our Travel Advice and Advisories (travel.gc.ca/advice). • Register with us through the Registration of Canadians Abroad service before leaving Canada, so we can contact and assist you in an emer- gency abroad, such as a hurricane or civil unrest, or inform you about an emergency at home (travel.gc.ca/register). • Reach us at our Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa for urgent assistance while abroad (travel.gc.ca/emergencies).

Travel.gc.ca | 3 To carry out a risk assessment: CAREFULLY EVALUATE

• Start by consulting the Travel OPPORTUNITIES Advice and Advisories for your ABROAD prospective host country to see if an official Government A wide range of work, study, of Canada Travel Advisory is in volunteer and retirement opportuni- effect and to obtain informa- ties can be found outside Canada. tion on safety and security, To ensure a successful experience local laws and customs, health abroad, be sure to thoroughly conditions and entry require- evaluate any opportunity before ments (travel.gc.ca/advice). moving forward: • Consult the Country Insights page on the Centre for • Beware of international fraud. Intercultural Learning website Steer clear of overseas recruit- for cultural information, facts ment agencies that operate and advice on showing sensi- solely by email or telephone tivity to local customs around and organizations that charge the world (intercultures.ca). placement fees. Bogus groups • Visit travel.gc.ca/health and offering international education the World HealthOrganization’s opportunities have cheated website (who.int) for country- students out of large sums of specific information on health money under the pretext of conditions and standards of securing admissions, financial medical care. aid and study permits. • Get weather and climate Likewise, phony volunteer information on countries placement agencies have worldwide on the World charged unsuspecting recruits Weather Information for opportunities that never pan Service website out. And there’s no lack of (www.worldweather.org). international scammers who • Supplement these resources target retirees with empty with guidebooks, newsletters, promises of romance, friend- magazines and websites ship and financial rewards in for expatriates. They offer faraway lands. insight into the health, safety, • If you’re a woman, be especially cultural and emotional issues wary of offers that sound too experienced by Canadians good to be true. Beware of the living abroad. danger of getting trapped into sex or labour trafficking. Criminals often recruit foreign women through fraudulent ads

4 to work as hostesses, models, entertainers, nannies, maids Are you ready for a or in other seemingly legitimate jobs. cross-cultural move? • Find out everything you can Many Canadians who live about any agency that’s offering abroad for the first time are you an opportunity abroad. surprised at the cultural Ask for references, visit its isolation they experience, website and call your local making the transition even Better Business Bureau (if the more stressful. Before you organization is Canadian). leave Canada, make an effort to understand the social Contact others who’ve worked environment where you’ll be for the organization or speak living. Are you at ease with to someone currently stark cultural differences? Are employed there. you prepared to be in a • Never accept a job overseas if minority and to be treated as a the details won’t be spelled out foreigner? Do you make new until you arrive. Examine the friends easily? Are you open to terms of your contract carefully different ways of doing things? and have it reviewed by a lawyer Can you handle a much if possible. Verify the conditions slower—or faster—pace of life? to break your contract if things don’t work out. • Make sure you fully understand the financial conditions of any job offer. Know when you’ll receive your first paycheque and in what currency you’ll be paid. Receiving your salary in Canadian or U.S. dollars could prevent problems caused by exchange rate fluctuations. If you’ll be paid in the local currency, find out if it’s convert- ible and if there are restrictions on taking funds out of the country. Check if your employer will cover expenses, such as airfares, residency permits, language training, school tuition, and health and dental insurance (including coverage for family members). Travel.gc.ca | 5 • If your contract provides for A LITTLE accommodations, ask for photos or a detailed descrip- PLANNING GOES tion, floor plan and furniture A LONG WAY inventory in advance. “Western” and “furnished” Forward thinking is the key to a have different meanings in safe and successful stay abroad. different countries. Ask about The following steps will help you the neighbourhood and local pull the pieces together before transport. Check whether you’ll leaving Canada. be sharing accommodations with someone else. • Read our safe-travel booklet • Note that, while some employ- Bon Voyage, But… Essential ers and volunteer agencies may Information for Canadian promise to pay for your return Travellers (see travel.gc.ca/ flight to Canada upon comple- publication), which offers the tion of a contract, this commit- knowledge and advice you ment will not necessarily be need to travel responsibly and honoured. It’s best to request with confidence, while avoiding an open-ended return ticket the pitfalls you could experi- in advance. ence in foreign countries. It also outlines consular services available to you around the world. • Ensure that you and all accom- panying family members have a that’s valid for at least six months beyond your intended return to Canada.

International Experience Canada Young Canadians can choose from thousands of opportunities to travel and work in foreign countries. These programs are made possible through reciprocal arrangements negotiated with host countries. Participants aged 18 to 35 can enjoy the many benefits of living and working abroad, while gaining valuable global experience and skills. For more information, call 1-877-461-2346 or visit International Experience Canada.

6 Obtain any work, study, volunteer, visitor or other visas required by your host country well in advance. Know the terms of each visa, as you could be arrested for violating visa conditions in some countries. See “Moving abroad with children” on page 17 REGISTRATION and “Required travel docu- ments” on page 18 for OF CANADIANS more information. ABROAD • Leave copies of important travel documents with family A free service that could or friends in Canada in case save your life of loss or theft. Scan these If you’ll be travelling or documents, if possible, and living abroad, sign up for the send them to yourself at an Registration of Canadians email address you can Abroad service. Registration access anywhere. enables us to reach you in • Make sure you have travel case of an emergency health insurance that covers all abroad, such as an earth- medical expenses for illness or quake or civil unrest, or injury (including hospitaliza- inform you about an emer- tion abroad and medical gency at home. evacuation), plus insurance for Sign up online, by mail, loss or theft of valuables, by fax or in person. For damage to baggage, and flight more information, visit cancellations or interruptions. travel.gc.ca/register or call • Sign up for the Registration of 1-800-267-6788 (in Canada Canadians Abroad service at and the U.S.) or 613-944-6788. travel.gc.ca/register, so that *Information obtained through registration is the Government of Canada can confidential and is used in accordance with the contact and assist you in case provisions of Canada’s Privacy Act. of an emergency. Once you’ve registered, remember to keep your account up to date.

Travel.gc.ca | 7 • Carry an Emergency Contact • If you’re taking a pet overseas, Card with the coordinates of contact the embassy or consul- the nearest Canadian govern- ate of your host country ment office in your host to obtain information on all country (see travel.gc.ca/card), requirements. Your pet will in case you have problems need a detailed health certifi- while abroad. cate and may require an import • Arrange in advance for safe permit. It may also need to accommodations in your host undergo a quarantine period country. Suitable housing may before entering the country. be scarce and expensive in • Make sure your mail is moving locations with low vacancy with you. Submit a change of rates, and you may have to address request to Canada Post book through an agency. If you and inform all your contacts of can’t find long-term lodgings your new address. beforehand, at least make • Make a will before you leave plans for temporary housing. Canada. If the worst happens, Before paying a deposit for it will reduce the complications student housing or other associated with a death lodgings advertised online, be abroad. Consider making two sure to confirm that the wills—one for Canada and one address exists. See “A roof over for the host country—since your head” on page 23 for different legislation will apply. further advice. • Find out well in advance what you’re allowed to take with you. Keep in mind that most coun- tries have stringent import controls. Obtain any necessary adapters for electrical appli- ances you intend to bring. If you’re bringing valuable items, take advantage of a free service offered by Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) offices to identify items with serial numbers or other unique markings. The CBSA can apply a sticker to other items so they can be identified for customs purposes upon your return to Canada.

8 DUAL CITIZENSHIP— Temporary versus BLESSING OR permanent residency BURDEN? Most Canadians who intend You’re allowed by Canadian law to live abroad for a temporary study period, volunteer to have more than one nationality. service or seasonal retire- Having dual or multiple citizen- ment will choose to maintain ships can offer advantages, their Canadian residency. including employment opportuni- Those who don’t plan to ties, unrestricted residency, return regularly to Canada, property ownership, and entitle- and who can obtain sufficient ment to education, health care, health-care protection pensions and other social abroad, may opt for perma- programs abroad. nent residency—or even citizenship—in their host There are also disadvantages. country. Doing so means Your Canadian citizenship may establishing legal status in not be recognized in the country the other country, which of your other nationality, whose entails a variety of conditions, authorities may prevent Canada requirements and obligations from providing you with consular well beyond those of a tourist assistance. This situation is or visitor. It could also have especially likely if you enter that serious consequences. For country as one of its citizens, example, Canadian rather than using your Canadian consular officials may be passport. As a citizen, you may unable to assist you if be subject to laws that would you run into problems in a foreign country where you have legal status.

Travel.gc.ca | 9 not apply to a foreigner, com- Did you know…? pelled to do military service, required to pay taxes, liable for You cannot use a Certificate of reimbursing educational costs or Canadian Citizenship instead subject to heightened scrutiny by of a Canadian passport to immigration and security officials. travel abroad. A Certificate of Being a citizen of another country Canadian Citizenship is not a doesn’t necessarily mean you can travel document. A Canadian work there. You may not meet the passport is the only reliable residency requirements. Or you and universally accepted travel may have lost your citizenship and identification document status when you became available to Canadians for the Canadian. Dual citizenship can purpose of international travel. also cause problems in a third Canadian citizens returning to country if there’s confusion over Canada who present other which citizenship you used to documents, such as a gain entry. Certificate of Canadian Citizenship, birth certificate, You can minimize the risks of provincial driver’s licence or living in the country of your other foreign passport, instead of a nationality by taking these steps: Canadian passport, may face delays or be denied boarding • Confirm your citizenship by transport companies. status—and that of accompa- nying family members—and address your concerns to appropriate officials of the country in question through its embassy or consulate in Canada.

In case of an emergency… Consular assistance is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. If you run into problems while living abroad: • Contact the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate (see travel.gc.ca/offices for a complete directory). • Phone our Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa at 613-996-8885 (call collect where service is available). • Email us at [email protected]. • Or complete an Emergency Contact Form at travel.gc.ca/emergencies.

10 • Find out if you have obligations YOUR HEALTH to that country, such as taxes, military service or repayment of ON THE MOVE educational costs. Ask for No matter where in the world you written confirmation. live, your health is your highest • If permitted by the laws of the priority. Be sure to plan for other country, use your long-term health needs before Canadian passport to gain leaving Canada. entry and present yourself as a Canadian citizen to The Public Health Agency of local authorities. Canada (PHAC) recommends that • Contact the nearest Canadian you and each family member visit embassy or consulate immedi- a travel health clinic or your ately if you run into problems health-care provider—preferably associated with dual citizenship. six weeks before departure—for a • For more information, see our health assessment. This examina- publication Dual Citizenship: tion will determine your need for What You Need to Know. immunizations, preventive medi- cation and any precautions to help avoid disease while abroad. A health assessment could also include check-ups with a dentist and optometrist, as well as a psychological evaluation to help prepare for life in a new environment. VACCINATIONS MEDICATION Living in a foreign country could If you take medication, pack an expose you and accompanying extra supply—or arrange for refills— family members to infectious since you’ll be abroad for an extend- diseases that are rarely, if ever, ed period. Carry a duplicate of your seen in Canada. Based on your prescription, showing the product’s current health status, immunization generic and trade names, in case history and anticipated itinerary, a your medication is stolen or lost. health-care provider can assess Also keep any optical prescriptions your individual health risks and on hand for easier replacement of advise you on vaccination require- eyeglasses or contacts. ments, your need for preventive medication (e.g., for malaria) and Never try to save luggage space by personal protective measures. combining medications in one container. Keep all medications in Make sure your routine immuniza- their original, labelled containers to tions—tetanus, diphtheria, avoid customs problems. whooping cough (pertussis), polio, measles, mumps and rubella—are Some medications sold over the up to date. Proof of yellow fever counter in Canada are illegal or vaccination in the past 10 years require a prescription in other and an International Certificate of countries. Find out whether your Vaccination or Prophylaxis may be medication is legal in your host required to enter some countries. country. Obtain a note from your Be aware that some vaccinations doctor stating the medical reasons and preventive medications can for your prescription and the recom- take time to become effective. mended dosage.

If you’re moving abroad with infants If you need syringes for a medical or children, you may need to condition or an autoinjector for arrange an alternative or acceler- life-threatening allergies, it’s impor- ated childhood immunization tant to take along adequate supplies schedule for them. Consult your or to have a plan to replenish them. pediatrician, family doctor or travel Also carry a medical certificate health practitioner. For more confirming that these items are for information, visit travel.gc.ca/health. medical use.

If you have a pre-existing medical condition or allergies that could flare up while you’re abroad, consider wearing a MedicAlert® bracelet or

12 necklace, which will be linked to birth and neonatal care. Try to avoid your medical records and make malarial zones, as expectant them accessible 24 hours a day mothers are particularly vulnerable from anywhere in the world. to the illness, which could put their pregnancy at risk. If you’re going to STI PREVENTION give birth outside Canada, identify Carry a supply of condoms to beforehand a local hospital or protect yourself from sexually birthing facility that’s up to transmitted infections and to guard Canadian standards, if possible. against unwanted pregnancy, even For information on the citizenship if you don’t expect to meet a new of children born to Canadian partner abroad. Condoms may not parents abroad, see “Canadian be available in your destination birthright” on page 32. country or may not meet the safety standards set by the World Health More information on travelling Organization. For more information, while pregnant can be found at consult PHAC’s travel health fact travel.gc.ca/health and in our sheet Sexually Transmitted booklet Her Own Way: A Woman’s Infections, available at Safe-Travel Guide, available at travelhealth.gc.ca. travel.gc.ca/publication. PREGNANCY AND BIRTH ACCESSIBILITY FOR DISABLED If you’ll be pregnant while living TRAVELLERS abroad or expect to give birth in a Many countries don’t provide foreign country, be sure to see your specific access for people in doctor before leaving Canada. Make wheelchairs or assist those with sure your supplementary health hearing, sight or other physical insurance covers pregnancy-related requirements. You may need to conditions, pre-term and full-term make special arrangements abroad

Well on Your Way Would you like to learn more about protecting your health while abroad? Our publication Well on Your Way offers valuable advice on how to: • assess travel health risks; • take preventive measures before, during and after international travel; • choose an appropriate travel health insurance plan; • cope with a health emergency abroad; and • obtain consular services in the event of a medical emergency.

To order your booklet today, call 1-800-267-8376 (in Canada) or 613-944-4000, or download a copy at travel.gc.ca/publication.

Travel.gc.ca | 13 to obtain the services you’d nor- PURCHASE mally expect in Canada. For country-specific information on THE BEST INSURANCE accessibility for disabled travellers, YOU CAN AFFORD consult the website of Disabled Peoples’ International at dpi.org. Don’t expect your provincial or territorial health plan to cover the Holders of disabled parking permits costs if you get sick or are injured in Canada may use them in mem- while living abroad. Out-of-country ber or associate member countries medical bills can be steep and of the International Transport result in a heavy financial burden. Forum (ITF). Be sure to check with There’s nothing worse than being local authorities to confirm your ill in a foreign country while entitlement. Parking permits for worrying about spiralling medical disabled Canadians are rarely costs. Your provincial or territorial recognized in non-ITF countries. health plan will cover only part, if For details, see the ITF website at any, of medical expenses outside internationaltransportforum.org. Canada and will not pay up front. Furthermore, it will become invalid Further information on govern- if you live elsewhere beyond a ment services for disabled travel- certain length of time—generally lers, meeting special needs, six to eight months, depending on parking privileges and travelling your province or territory. For more with a service animal is available information, contact your regional at travel.gc.ca/disabledtravellers. health authority.

14 Supplemental insurance versus replacement insurance Two types of private health-care insurance are available to expatriates. Supplemental insurance provides added benefits to those covered by a No matter how long you’ll be provincial or territorial plan. living abroad, be sure to purchase Replacement insurance the best health insurance you can provides full coverage for those afford. It’s one of the most who stay abroad long enough to important investments you can become ineligible for a make as an expatriate. Make sure Canadian plan. you understand the terms of your Full replacement insurance is policy. It should cover your less readily available than personal health needs and those supplemental insurance, but a of any dependants. If you’ll be number of companies do working in your destination provide insurance specifically country, check whether your designed for expatriates. When employer will provide health considering replacement insurance that meets your insurance, carefully assess your requirements. own situation, taking into account your age, pre-existing Always carry proof of your insur- medical conditions and poten- tial needs in the event of a ance while abroad, along with major or long-term illness. Be contact information for your sure to arrange for replacement insurer. Leave a copy with a friend insurance before leaving or relative in Canada. If you pay Canada and check that the for your own medical care, obtain policy is valid in the country a detailed invoice from the doctor where you plan to stay. or hospital in order to make a claim later. Most insurers will not accept copies or faxes.

Travel.gc.ca | 15 • covers pre-existing medical Did you know…? conditions, such as borderline diabetes and heart disease In addition to health insurance, (ask for written confirmation); you should consider getting • includes coverage for injuries enhanced life and disability resulting from adventure insurance. You’ll also need activities, such as mountain- insurance that offers coverage eering and scuba-diving; for flight cancellation, trip • provides for a medical evacua- interruption and lost luggage, tion to Canada or the nearest as well as cargo insurance for location with appropriate automobiles, household goods medical facilities; and other personal effects. • covers premature births and Insurance coverage can prevent related neonatal care; major disruptions and addition- • pays expenses associated with al costs when relocating abroad. a death abroad, including the repatriation to Canada of Shop around for the best health cremated or embalmed insurance for a long-term stay remains; abroad. Ask if the policy: • provides coverage during visits to Canada or other travel while • provides coverage whether or abroad; and not your provincial/territorial • covers the period before your health plan remains in effect; provincial/territorial plan is • offers a worldwide 24-hour/ renewed upon your return seven-day emergency contact to Canada. number in English and trans- lation services for For more suggestions on what to health-care providers in look for when buying travel health your host country; insurance, consult our booklet • pays immediately for foreign Well on Your Way: A Canadian’s medical costs or requires you Guide to Healthy Travel Abroad. to pay up front and seek reimbursement later; • provides a cash deposit in advance if required by a Did you know…? hospital; • covers both health and dental Some insurance companies will care for the full duration of not honour medical claims made your stay abroad; for injuries suffered in a country where a Government of Canada Travel Advisory is in effect.

16 destination country. Contact MOVING ABROAD WITH the country’s education au- CHILDREN thorities for information about the school system. In addition Moving to a foreign country can be to public and private schools, one of the most enriching experi- most countries have interna- ences a child will ever have, giving tional schools, attended mainly rise to greater confidence, adapt- by expatriate children. Have ability and intercultural awareness. copies of your children’s school But meeting your children’s needs records in case they’re needed. can also add stress to the already • Remember that immigration considerable challenges of relocat- officials are vigilant about ing abroad. Before leaving Canada, documentation for children take steps to ensure a smooth crossing international borders. transition for you and Unless children under 18 are your family. accompanied by both parents, we strongly recommend that • Be sure to have an open they carry a consent letter discussion with your children proving they have permission so they can express their to travel from every person feelings and concerns about with the legal right to make moving abroad. major decisions on their • Arrange for appropriate daycare behalf. We advise you to have or schooling. Make sure you’re the consent letter certified, satisfied with the standards of stamped or sealed by an daycare offered in your official with the authority to administer an oath or solemn

Travel.gc.ca | 17 declaration. See travel.gc.ca/ REQUIRED TRAVEL letter for a sample consent letter, as well as an interactive DOCUMENTS form that you can use to Make sure your passport, necessary compose your own letter. visas and other documents are in • Make sure each child has a order before leaving Canada. valid Canadian passport and supporting identification, such YOUR CANADIAN PASSPORT as a birth certificate or citizen- A Canadian passport is the only ship card. Check with the reliable and universally accepted destination country’s embassy travel and identification document or consulate in Canada regard- for Canadians. You and each family ing additional entry conditions member must have a valid passport and documentation that may to travel or reside outside Canada. be required, including divorce papers, custody court orders or Canadian passports for children up a death certificate (if one to 15 years of age are valid for five parent is deceased). years. Passports for persons 16 • Keep additional identification years of age and older are valid for in your child’s pocket in case five or 10 years, depending on the you’re separated. Carry recent chosen validity period. photographs of the child for emergency identification Contact the embassy or consulate purposes. of your destination country to • Seek advice from a lawyer if a determine its rules and restric- custody dispute might develop tions concerning passport validity. while your child is living Some countries require that your abroad. Custody arrangements passport be valid for at least six in Canada may not be recog- months beyond the date of your nized in another country. In expected return to Canada. Plan extreme cases, you or your to renew your passport before your child may not be allowed to return date if it will expire while return to Canada. Check with you’re abroad. the destination country’s embassy or consulate in If you need to apply for or renew Canada before moving abroad. your passport, start the process well • Consult with a pediatrician on before your planned departure from how best to protect your child’s Canada. Allow more time if you health while living abroad. need a visa, since you’ll need to obtain a passport first. For more information, consult travel.gc.ca/child.

18 Application forms are available online at passportcanada.gc.ca and Did you know…? in person at all offices, centres, Only the government of your Canada Post outlets and Canadian host country has the authority government offices abroad. to grant you a visa. The Government of Canada cannot Keep the following items on hand intervene on your behalf. to make it easier to replace a passport that’s lost or stolen while VISAS you’re abroad: You need a visa to stay in most countries for more than three • a photocopy of the identifica- months. The most common tion (photo) page of your categories are work, student, passport; volunteer and residency visas. • the original of your birth or However, you may also need a citizenship certificate; tourist, business, visitor or other • a copy of at least one other visa for a short-term stay. document to support your identity; If you plan to exit and re-enter your • contact information for a host country during your stay, Canadian government office in inquire about a multiple-entry visa your destination country; and to avoid future problems. Be sure to • two recent photos meeting obtain visas well in advance. Don’t Passport Canada specifica- count on entering a country as a tions (taken within one year tourist in hopes of changing your and reflecting your current visa classification later on. appearance). Understand and respect visa terms and conditions. Staying in a country If your passport is lost or stolen without the right visa or overstaying while you’re outside Canada, report a visa expiry date is illegal and may the incident to the local police and result in imprisonment, a stiff fine to Passport Canada or the nearest and/or deportation. Canadian government office abroad. Requirements and processing times For more information on how to will vary, depending on the type of apply for, care for or replace a visa you need. In order to grant you Canadian passport, consult a visa, some countries require: travel.gc.ca/passport. • a certified criminal record check through the RCMP or your local police;

Travel.gc.ca | 19 • a medical certificate signed by exchanges by enabling travellers to a doctor, demonstrating that experience living abroad while you’re in good health and free undertaking short-term employment. of specific contagious diseases; • a certificate of a negative test Student visa: Most countries require for human immunodeficiency you to have a student visa to virus (HIV); and undertake temporary or long-term • a yellow fever vaccination studies. A residency visa or permit certificate (if you’re arriving may also be required. from an infected area). Volunteer visa: Some countries Further details on visa requirements require you to have a volunteer are available at travel.gc.ca/advice or visa to undertake unpaid or chari- from the embassy or consulate of table activities. Others demand a your destination country. Remember work visa or permit, even if you’re to check the visa requirements of a volunteer. countries you may transit en route to your host country or visit during your Residency visa or permit: If you stay abroad. stay in a country beyond the period allowed by a typical tourist visa Work visa or permit: All countries (usually three to six months) for require you to have special permis- reasons such as retirement abroad, sion to enter if you’ll be employed you’ll need a residency visa while living there. Your prospective or permit. employer may have to sponsor you for a work visa or permit. It may also Marriage or spousal visa: Some be your employer’s responsibility to countries will grant you a marriage obtain the document, or you may or spousal visa, usually have to do so yourself through your with a specific validity period, host country’s embassy or consulate if you’re married to—or intend to in Canada. It can take months to marry—one of their citizens or obtain a work visa, so start the permanent residents. process well before your departure. Know the implications if you decide Alien registration card: Upon arrival to change jobs after your arrival. in your host country, you may be Doing so may render your visa required to obtain an alien registra- invalid, or you may have to leave tion card. You’ll have to carry it at all and re-enter the country under a times for identification purposes and different one. as proof of your status, then return it to local authorities before Working holiday visa: Canada has your departure. reciprocal agreements with numer- ous countries to encourage cultural 20 CALCULATE THE COSTS • Take into account all duties, fees and taxes you’ll pay on Before leaving Canada, retirement income or other make sure you can afford to revenue. Non-residents of relocate abroad. Canada are taxed on income received from sources in • Look into the cost of living in Canada and may also be your destination country, since subject to taxation in their an average salary in Canada host country. isn’t adequate everywhere. • Keep in mind not only the Allow for inflation and ex- cost of travelling to your host change rate fluctuations country but also the cost of that will likely occur while returning to Canada, possibly you’re abroad. on a regular basis. Many • Know the cost of shipping countries require foreign personal and household visitors to have a valid return effects. Take only what you ticket with a departure date need and find out what you within the time limits allowed can buy in your destination by immigration authorities. If country. If you’ll be working or you have to make an un- volunteering, find out if your planned trip home, be pre- employer or recruiter will cover pared to pay much more than the cost of moving your the average economy airfare. belongings or provide you with • See “Manage your money” on essentials when you arrive. page 26 for tips on banking, • Make sure you have enough budgeting and other financial money to get properly settled, issues while living abroad. including funds to cover expenses such as a rental security deposit and utility connections. Good accommo- dations are expensive in many countries, especially if you need a furnished home. • Establish an emergency fund or make arrangements with family or friends to assist you in case you run out of money while abroad or need to return home unexpectedly.

travel.gc.ca | 21 WHILE LIVING ABROAD STAY SAFE

No matter how secure you may feel in your host country, it’s essential to crime-proof yourself: • Stay alert and aware of your important documents in a secure surroundings. Minimize place, in case the originals are alcohol consumption and stolen or lost. don’t use, carry or get involved • Watch out for criminals who with illegal drugs. target foreigners. They may work • Always pack your own luggage individually or in teams, often and never let it out of your posing as good Samaritans or sight. Never carry another creating distractions to steal person’s luggage or transport belongings. Be wary of new anything—even an envelope— “friends,” including locals, across a border or through fellow foreigners and even customs for anyone else. Canadians you meet abroad. Conceal in a money belt or neck • Make an effort not to stand out pouch necessities that can’t be or to give the impression that easily replaced: your passport, you’re lost or vulnerable. Know credit and debit cards, cash, where you’re going, what you’re airline and train tickets, a copy doing and how to find your way of your insurance policy, back. Always carry the address medical prescriptions and of your accommodations. Study contact information for your a street map before going out. doctor. Keep copies of all Avoid opening a map in a public area or keep it hidden under a newspaper. Steer clear of Drugs and Travel isolated areas. Most countries impose severe • Avoid displaying expensive-look- penalties for the possession of ing cameras, jewellery and other only a minuscule amount of showy accessories that mark you illegal drugs. Even prescription as a wealthy foreigner. drugs and syringes used for • Use only legal and reputable legitimate medical purposes taxis. Never hire a taxi if the come under intense scrutiny driver approaches you in an and should have proper airport arrival area. Such services accompanying documentation. are usually illegal and may be For more information, consult unsafe. Ask someone you trust to travel.gc.ca/drugs. recommend taxi services and

22 avoid the risk of hailing an A ROOF OVER YOUR HEAD unlicensed cab on the street. • Beware of credit card fraud. Chances are you’ll need Never let your credit card out of temporary accommodations before your sight. If you use an ATM, you get settled in your host do so during business hours at a country. Exercise caution when location inside a bank, super- choosing both short-term and market or large commercial long-term lodgings: building. Make note of credit and debit card numbers so they • Make sure you feel comfortable can be cancelled quickly. about your accommodations and their location. Do the doors lock properly? Are there fire alarms Did you know…? and escape routes? Don’t stay anywhere unless you feel safe. Some countries require visitors • Avoid lodgings on the ground to carry photo identification, floor or with easy access from such as a passport or resident the outside, such as from a card, at all times. Failure to do balcony or fire escape. so could result in arrest, a fine • Understand the risks of staying or other serious consequences. in low-budget accommodations, such as youth hostels and dormitories. Never leave valu- ables or travel documents behind in your room. Keep them close to you if you sleep in a dorm. Bear in mind that accept- ing lodgings from a stranger could be an invitation to danger. • Even if you choose luxury accommodations, you should always be vigilant. Ensure that the door of your room is locked, even when you’re inside. Never open your door to anyone without looking through the peephole, using a door chain or confirming the visitor’s identity. • Never leave your window open, especially if your lodgings are on the ground floor or have a balcony.

Travel.gc.ca | 23 HEALTH CARE Many developing countries provide free health care to citizens and If you spend a significant period permanent residents. But most abroad, you may be more exposed Canadians living in these countries to health risks than a short-term seek private health care, which is traveller. You may need to learn usually of a higher quality and how to shop for and prepare food involves shorter wait times. Private safely, in addition to ensuring medical facilities are reasonably access to safe and potable water. advanced in most countries and You’ll also have to arrange for will usually see you immediately health care for yourself and for a fee. Faced with these trade- accompanying family members. offs, most Canadians choose the private alternative and make sure Health care is a serious issue for they’re well covered by supplemen- Canadian expatriates because few tal or replacement insurance. See countries have systems as com- “Purchase the best insurance prehensive or as inexpensive as you can afford” on page 14 for Canada’s. Some countries have more information. comprehensive health-care plans that will cover you, after a waiting period, if you immigrate. However, most countries don’t Did you know…? offer such programs. When you arrive in your host country, you should make a point of locating the nearest reputable clinic or hospital and noting the hours of operation. Don’t wait for an emer- gency—it may be too late! Contact the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate for a list of local doctors and hospitals. Keep in mind that it’s best to avoid hospitals and dental facilities in countries with poor hygiene stan- dards. For country-specific informa- tion, see travel.gc.ca/advice.

24 CULTURE SHOCK During the second phase, some- times called the “emptiness Most people living abroad experi- stage,” foreigners typically feel a ence a period of adaptation known sense of dislocation and unease. as culture shock. This form of Symptoms may include: psychological stress affects even seasoned expatriates and occurs • feelings of anger, frustration when familiar cues and patterns and irritability, especially a are no longer present. loss of one’s sense of humour; • negative feelings about the The symptoms may be fleeting or people and culture of the host last several months, and their country; and intensity varies from person to • boredom, fatigue and person. Individuals facing mental inability to concentrate or health issues, such as anxiety and work effectively. depression, prior to departure are most at risk. It’s important to During the third and final phase, recognize the symptoms of culture foreigners start to accept their shock, which usually follow a surroundings and make a compro- familiar pattern. mise between the honeymoon and emptiness stages. During the first phase, often described as the “honeymoon stage,” most encounters in the new country are perceived as exciting and positive.

Travel.gc.ca | 25 Cushioning the impact The best strategy for coping with culture shock is to make a conscious effort to adjust to your new environment: • Learn the social do’s and don’ts of your host country and make an effort to meet the locals. Communication will be easier if you know how to greet people, how to dress and how to behave. • Take time to study the language. It will make life simpler and show your desire to be part of the community. Start with a few simple phrases, then gradually expand your vocabulary. • Get involved in some aspect of the local culture, such as the music or cuisine, or learn a new sport or martial art. You’ll meet new people and get a greater sense of belonging. • Maintain contact with family and friends back home. Sharing your experiences and problems can help you adapt to the local environment. • Take care of yourself. Be sure to eat well, exercise and get enough sleep, and avoid heavy alcohol consumption. If you take medication for a mental health condition, don’t reduce or discontinue your dosage during this period. • Take time to travel and explore the country’s sights and attractions. • Avoid idealizing life back home. Make the most of your stay and keep an open mind. • Consider getting involved with the Canadian expatriate community to lessen your sense of isolation.

MANAGE YOUR MONEY could diminish your income are recessions, stock market crashes Managing your finances—from and the devaluation of the cur- budgeting and banking to paying rency in which your pension or taxes and purchasing property—is other benefits are paid. Ensure an integral part of living abroad. It that your income is, and remains, may be difficult to assess how enough to live on. much money you can spend due to unforeseen expenses or unfa- It’s also a good idea to consult miliarity with local currency and a private financial planner, who costs. If you’re paid in the local can provide advice on such currency, you may be vulnerable matters as contributing to a to inflation and currency fluctua- Registered Retirement Savings tions. Among the factors that Plan and the Canada Pension Plan while you’re abroad. 26 OPENING A FOREIGN BANK ACCOUNT RECEIVING A You’ll almost certainly want to PUBLIC PENSION ABROAD set up a bank account in your Canada Pension Plan (CPP), host country, preferably one that Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) can be fed by funds from a and Old Age Security (OAS) Canadian account. To do so, benefits may be paid to you you’ll need to go to a local while living abroad, subject to foreign exchange bank with your certain conditions. passport, residency permit and Canadian banking information CPP and QPP benefits are paid (including your branch and outside Canada, as long as all account number). Usually some- conditions of eligibility are met. one who can speak English will OAS is paid outside Canada if the be available to assist you. The pensioner lived in Canada for at process can be complicated and least 20 years after age 18. The time-consuming, so ensure that OAS system is intended to guar- you have an alternative source of antee a minimum income to funds during this period. seniors. Eligibility is determined by an income test. To receive OAS ADDITIONAL TIPS benefits outside Canada, you’re ON BANKING ABROAD generally required to file an • Advise your Canadian bank and annual tax return reporting your credit card company about the worldwide income. For details, period you’ll be abroad. see canadabenefits.gc.ca. • Look into the feasibility of transferring money between TAXATION accounts in Canada and your Your tax obligations while living host country. Know how much abroad depend largely on whether money you’re allowed to send you’re a resident or non-resident of home. The amount may be Canada. Your status is determined strictly regulated by your by a number of factors, including host country. the purpose and permanence of • Retain all receipts, transaction your stay abroad, the duration and records and documentation on frequency of your visits to Canada financial transfers. and whether you’ve severed your • Exchange money using only residential ties with Canada. Be authorized agents to avoid sure to review your situation with violating local laws. the (CRA) • Have a variety of ways of to avoid surprises. accessing your money overseas, such as credit cards, debit cards and cash.

Travel.gc.ca | 27 The CRA publication T4131, deemed residents of Canada, Canadian Residents Abroad, is an including Canadians working excellent source of information to abroad. It also provides assistance determine your residency status, by telephone and postal correspon- the specific tax package you dence and looks after all non-resi- should use, and your eligibility for dent tax withholding accounts. the Foreign Tax Credit and Overseas Employment Tax Credit, See travel.gc.ca/taxation for in addition to other ways of more information. reducing the taxes you owe in Canada. It also addresses tax treaties between Canada and certain countries, which allow you to avoid being taxed in two coun- Online banking tries on the same income. Most financial institutions allow you to access your account to The CRA’s International Tax check balances, pay bills and Services Office processes income transfer funds anywhere in the tax returns for non-residents and world. It’s not advisable to conduct transactions in cyberca- fés or other areas where Internet service is available to the public, as it’s difficult to ensure that computers are free of hacking programs that can capture personal and account informa- tion. If you must complete transactions on a public com- puter, be sure to erase all traces afterwards by clearing the Internet browser’s cache.

Did you know…?

As a rule, you cannot receive welfare, disability or other forms of social assistance while living abroad. Contact your provincial or territorial authori- ties for details.

28 LEGAL MATTERS country, he or she may have more rights than you do as a While abroad, you’re subject to foreigner. You could also be at the laws and regulations of your a disadvantage if the country host country. Your Canadian has a tradition of deciding citizenship offers no immunity. child custody cases on the When in doubt, seek professional basis of gender or religious legal advice. The nearest belief. Contact a legal repre- Canadian embassy or consulate sentative or the appropriate can provide you with a list of authorities of your host country English-speaking lawyers who may for more information. be able to assist you. • Find out if a marriage or divorce performed in your host MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE country will be legally recog- Laws and procedures regarding nized upon your return to marriage and divorce vary widely Canada by consulting with the from country to country, often vital statistics office of the resulting in unexpected province or territory where you complications. will live. • If your future spouse is not • If you plan to marry while Canadian, confirm if he or she living abroad, understand that will be eligible to return to some countries enforce tight Canada with you on a tempo- restrictions on a woman’s right rary or permanent basis by to seek property entitlement, contacting the nearest inheritance, divorce, alimony Citizenship and Immigration and child custody. A husband Canada office abroad. may be entitled to impose • For additional details, see our strict controls on his wife and “Marriage Overseas” page at children, preventing their travel.gc.ca/marriage. return to Canada without his permission. • Make sure you understand the laws and conventions of your Did you know…? host country regarding relation- ships and marriage, as well as If a child custody dispute arises their implications for children. while you’re abroad, you can In case of separation or contact Global Affairs Canada’s divorce, investigate the rules Case Support and Children’s concerning child custody and Issues Division through our property settlement. If your Emergency Watch and spouse is a citizen of your host Response Centre (see page 10).

Travel.gc.ca | 29 BUYING PROPERTY Did you know…? Purchasing property in another While same-sex marriages country is a major decision. The are legal in Canada, they laws and customs pertaining to real aren’t recognized in many estate can be very different abroad countries. Same-sex civil than at home, resulting in unfore- unions are more widely rec- seen risks and problems with ognized abroad. Canadians ownership rights. For example, in attempting to visit a foreign Mexico, foreigners require a special country as a same-sex married permit to purchase land and can couple may be refused entry only buy property in coastal and by border officials. Moreover, border zones through a bank trust. homosexual activity is a crimi- nal offence in certain countries • Proceed with caution if you and could result in severe pun- plan to buy property. It’s usually ishment, including imprison- best to rent for a while before ment or the death penalty. For committing to purchase a country-specific information, home. Research local property consult travel.gc.ca/advice or laws and investigate all aspects your host country’s embassy or of the purchase, including such consulate in Canada. claims as “beach access,” which may be false. Consult travel.gc.ca/advice to find out if problems, such as real estate fraud, are widespread in your host country.

30 • Hire a legal representative with expertise in local real estate Bribery law, who only represents you and is independent of anyone Canada’s Corruption of Foreign else involved in the transaction Public Officials Act prohibits (e.g., a real estate agent or Canadian citizens or businesses from bribing foreign public vendor). If possible, appoint a officials to obtain or retain a Canadian lawyer with expertise business advantage. A in the laws of your host coun- Canadian who gives or offers a try. Never sign anything that loan, reward, advantage or any hasn’t been carefully reviewed other benefit to a foreign public by your lawyer. If things go official (or another person on wrong, remember that property behalf of an official) can be disputes are private legal prosecuted in a Canadian or matters that can only be foreign court. Violation of the resolved through local courts. act is a criminal offence, The Government of Canada punishable by imprisonment for cannot intervene. up to five years. • Make a will to avoid creating problems for heirs to your property or other assets you hold abroad. IMMIGRATION AND Did you know…? CITIZENSHIP You may wish to seek permanent Not all countries regulate lawyers residency, citizenship status or and real estate agents as scrupu- both, depending on the immigra- lously as Canada does. For exam- tion regulations of the country you ple, rules governing conflict of live in. Either involves establish- interest by lawyers can be lax in ing legal status beyond that of a many parts of the world. Real short-term visitor. Be aware of the estate agents in Latin America and implications, including the the Caribbean generally require no likelihood of being prevented qualifications and aren’t prevented from obtaining Canadian consular from promoting sales in which assistance in your host country. they have an undisclosed interest. For more information, see “Dual Furthermore, local authorities may citizenship—blessing or burden?” disregard complaints from foreign on page 9, or consult our publica- residents about crooked dealings, tion Dual Citizenship: What You especially if the lawyer or agent Need to Know. concerned is an established member of the community.

Travel.gc.ca | 31 REGULATIONS FOR IMMIGRANTS appropriate visa from Costa Rican Immigration regulations vary immigration authorities and enormously from country to provide confirmation of enrolment country, but are usually based on in an accredited institution. three principles: employment, investment and family connec- Think twice about settling in a tions. Some countries accept country where you can only enter individuals with adequate guaran- as a tourist, especially if you’re teed income—including pension planning to purchase a home. benefits—as potential immigrants. Instead, you may wish to apply for For example, Mexico classifies an legal residency, which removes eligible retiree or other permanent restrictions on the length of your resident as an inmigrante rentista, stay and gives reasonable assur- or long-term immigrant. However, ance that you’ll be able to re-enter the United States doesn’t recog- the country at any time. Taking out nize retirement as a reason for legal residency in another country establishing permanent residency. doesn’t prevent you from maintain- ing Canadian residency. Many countries require you to apply to immigrate before you arrive. Others will allow you to enter as a tourist and apply for immigration later. Contact the Canadian birthright immigration authorities of your destination country for details. Canadian parents are not required to register the birth REGULATIONS FOR of a child abroad. Even so, TEMPORARY VISITORS you may wish to get proof of your baby’s citizenship, as it Seasonal retirees, volunteers, will be needed to obtain a students and other Canadians Canadian passport. Contact who reside abroad for less than the nearest Canadian em- six months each year can visit bassy or consulate abroad to many countries as tourists. A apply for a Certificate of valid passport is often the only Canadian Citizenship as well entry requirement. as a passport for your child. Start the process early, as it However, some countries impose may take a while. For more tight restrictions on the length of information, see Citizenship time temporary visitors can stay. and Immigration Canada’s For example, Costa Rica limits website (cic.gc.ca). tourists to a maximum stay of 90 days. Students must obtain an

32 DRIVING

Traffic accidents are the leading cause of injury and death among international travellers. Take special precautions when driving abroad:

• Find out if you’re required by local laws to hold an • Educate yourself on local traffic International Driving Permit laws and comply with speed (IDP). Available through the limits, legal alcohol levels, road Canadian Automobile safety procedures and mechani- Association (caa.ca), the IDP is cal requirements. proof that you hold a valid • Drive defensively. Motorist driver’s licence in Canada. habits and road conditions vary Keep in mind that the IDP is markedly from country to valid for only one year from the country. Carefully plan road date of issue or until your trips in advance and know Canadian licence expires, where you’re going at all times. whichever comes first. Always lock the doors to Remember to safeguard your prevent carjackers and thieves Canadian licence and renew it from getting in with you. before the expiry date, as it • If you operate a vehicle import- may be difficult to replace ed from Canada, ensure that it’s from abroad. Note that some equipped for local driving—for countries require foreign example, headlight converters drivers to obtain a local licence for left-hand driving, an ap- after a specified period. proved emergency breakdown • Confirm that you’re insured kit, an oval sticker on the rear to drive abroad and have indicating “CDN” (the licence comprehensive coverage for plate country code for Canada). loss or damage, liability, • Before buying an automobile collision, medical expenses abroad, confirm if you’re resulting from an accident allowed to bring it home. For and other risks. details, see the Canada Border Services Agency publication Importing a Vehicle into Canada (cbsa.gc.ca).

Travel.gc.ca | 33 CONSULAR SERVICES • Provide advice about burying a Canadian abroad or assist in Canadian consular officials are repatriating the remains to ready to assist you at embassies Canada (fees apply). and consulates around the world. However, we cannot: We can: • Intervene in private • Arrange help in a medical legal matters. emergency by providing you • Investigate a crime or death. with a list of local doctors • Ask local authorities to give and hospitals. you preferential treatment. • Help coordinate a medical • Make travel arrangements. evacuation if a necessary • Assist with job hunting. treatment is not available • Help you find locally (fees apply). accommodations. • Provide advice and contact information on local police A complete list of services we can and medical services to and cannot provide is available at victims of robbery, sexual travel.gc.ca/servicesoffered. See assault or other violence. travel.gc.ca/offices for a list of • Supply you with a list of Canadian embassies and consul- local lawyers. ates worldwide. • Provide you with sources of information about local laws and regulations. Did you know…? • Seek to ensure you’re treated fairly under the country’s laws Emergency consular assistance if you’re arrested or detained. is available 24 hours a day, • Replace a lost, stolen, dam- seven days a week. See “In case aged or expired passport of an emergency…” on page 10 (fees apply). for more information. • Contact relatives or friends to request assistance in sending you money or airline tickets. • Contact next of kin, with your authorization, if you have an accident or are detained by police.

34 Have an DEATH ABROAD emergency plan If a Canadian relative or friend When living abroad, it’s essen- dies abroad, you should immedi- tial for you and your loved ones ately contact the nearest to have an emergency plan. It Canadian embassy or consulate or will help you: our Emergency Watch and • know what to do in case of a Response Centre. Consular major crisis, such as a natural officials can assist you in making disaster or civil unrest; the necessary arrangements to: • identify escape routes from your home and workplace and • register the death with local a safe meeting place to reunite; and and Canadian provincial or • build a 72-hour emergency territorial authorities; kit, including food, water, a • obtain documentation, includ- flashlight and other ing a death certificate, au- essentials. topsy report or police report; • acquire information on the For more information on circumstances surrounding creating an emergency plan, visit getprepared.gc.ca. the death; and • return the remains of your loved one to Canada.

Fees may apply. For more infor- mation, see our FAQ on “Death Abroad” at travel.gc.ca/faq.

Travel.gc.ca | 35 KEEP CONNECTED

Voting Despite the enchantment of living Eligible Canadians can vote in abroad, you may find that you federal elections while tempo- depend more than ever on contact rarily living abroad. To vote by with Canada. Sharing your experi- special mail-in ballot, you must ences and problems with family first send an Application for and friends and receiving news Registration and Special Ballot from home can have a stabilizing form to Elections Canada. At influence while you’re getting the call of an election, you’ll accustomed to being a foreigner receive a voting kit with in a faraway land. Having a strong instructions. For further details, support network in Canada will see travel.gc.ca/voting. also make your eventual home- coming easier.

Keep your contacts in Canada informed of your whereabouts and any changes in your plans. Canadian consular officials receive countless calls from distraught friends and family who haven’t heard from loved ones abroad. Don’t expect communications to be as advanced in every corner of the world as in Canada. 36 Telephone: Telecommunications services in many countries are unreliable and more expensive than in Canada. You may be unable to get a land line immediately. Waiting times in some countries can run into months, and large cash deposits may be required, especially from foreigners. A cell phone is often a better bet than a land line in countries with mobile services. Internet: Web access is widely available worldwide but is limited by each country’s infrastructure and networking technologies. Private Internet connections may be difficult to obtain. Don’t expect the same high-speed access in developing nations as you would in Canada. Television and radio: Canadian television broadcasts are available worldwide via Internet and satellite. Tune in to Radio Canada International at rcinet.ca for online programming about Canada. Mail: Postal services tend to be slow and undependable in developing countries. It may be more practical to have your mail sent to a forwarding service in Canada, then periodically couri- ered to you. Canadian expatriate community: Plugging into the expat network can soften your sense of culture shock and give you vital support while you’re settling into your new environment and seeking connections. Travel information: Get the latest information through our Country Travel Advice and Advisories (travel.gc.ca/advice), Latest News and Warnings (travel.gc.ca/issues), Travel Updates (travel.gc.ca/updates), RSS feeds (travel.gc.ca/rssfeeds) or by connecting with us through Twitter (@travelGoC), Facebook (facebook.com/travelGoC) or Foursquare (foursquare.com/ travelgoc).

Travel.gc.ca | 37 COMING BACK TO CANADA PLANNING FOR YOUR RETURN

Expect to face a period of readjustment when returning to Canada. You may experience a reverse form of culture shock, including feelings of anxiety, groundlessness and even depression. A little planning can go a long way toward facilitating your homecoming.

DEPARTURE CLEARANCE AND TAX Be prepared to pay a departure tax in the local currency when you It’s important to settle any obliga- leave. Other countries you pass tions before leaving your host through en route to Canada may country. Make sure you’ve paid also charge fees. your local bills or made arrange- ments to do so. If you’ve obtained BRINGING IT HOME citizenship, permanent residency Depending on how long you’ve or any other form of legal status lived abroad, you may be subject in the country, you may need to import provisions for personal departure clearance to leave. belongings and household goods Approval usually depends on the upon your return to Canada. satisfactory inspection of travel Declare all items acquired abroad, documents, permits or other whether they’re intended for you official forms. For example, or as gifts. Keep original receipts some countries ask for a state- for possible inspection. ment from local tax authorities that you’ve met all obligations. Others will terminate your resi- dency permit if you’re leaving for an extended period.

Importing pets When returning to Canada with a dog or cat, you’ll have to present a certificate stating that the animal has been vaccinated for rabies. Other pets may require an import permit. For more informa- tion, see travel.gc.ca/pets.

38 There are no restrictions on how Many items brought illegally into much money you can bring into Canada, such as elephant ivory, Canada, but you must report a coral jewellery and sea turtle sum of $10,000 or more to a shells, are made from endangered customs officer. animals and plants. They’re among the 34,000 species For more information on what regulated under the Convention you can bring home, see on International Trade in travel.gc.ca/customs. Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). A ILLEGAL SOUVENIRS violation of CITES could lead to There are restrictions on bringing seizure of your purchase, as well certain goods into Canada. If as a fine and/or prison term. you’re thinking of importing meat, Consult Environment Canada’s eggs, dairy products, fresh fruits CITES website at ec.gc.ca/cites or vegetables, plants, animals or for details. items made from their feathers or skins, contact the Canada Border Services Agency beforehand for guidance. For up-to-date informa- tion on import requirements, see travel.gc.ca/customs.

Did you know…?

• It’s illegal to bring obscene materials, child pornography Post-travel medical or hate propaganda of any matters kind into Canada. • Products banned in Canada If you become sick or feel due to safety hazards are unwell after returning to listed on ’s Canada, you should see your website under “Consumer doctor immediately. Remember Product Safety” (hc-sc.gc.ca). to mention that you’ve been • Information on importing living abroad, what countries weapons is available on the you’ve visited, if you were ill Canadian Firearms Program while outside Canada and what website (rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp). medical treatment you received.

Travel.gc.ca | 39 Also, be aware that it may be PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL HEALTH illegal to bring home cultural INSURANCE property, such as antiques and Your provincial or territorial health fossils, whose export is banned or plan will become invalid if you’ve controlled by your host country. been abroad beyond a certain Strict penalties may be imposed, length of time, typically six and cultural property may be months. There could be a requali- confiscated and returned to the fication period before your cover- country of origin. For more age is reinstated. This period may information, consult with your be covered by replacement host country’s border authorities insurance you purchased while or Canadian Heritage at abroad. If not, health insurance canadianheritage.gc.ca/travel. plans are available for temporary visitors to Canada, usually pur- SOCIAL INSURANCE NUMBER chased upon arrival. If you’ve lived abroad for an extended period and haven’t Be sure to apply for reinstatement filed a tax return in Canada for of your provincial/territorial health at least five years, your social plan upon your return to Canada. insurance number (SIN) may be For more information or to find out deactivated. To have it reactivat- what conditions apply to you, ed, you’ll need to provide proof of contact your regional health-care identity and an acceptable authority. Links to the official explanation for the period of government websites of Canada’s inactivity. For more information, provinces and territories may be consult the Service Canada found at canada.gc.ca/othergov- website at servicecanada.gc.ca, autregouv/prov-eng.html. visit the nearest Service Canada office or call1-800-206-7218 (in Canada) or 506-548-7961 (from abroad).

40 FOR MORE INFORMATION Stay connected GLOBAL AFFAIRS CANADA Twitter (@travelGoC) travel.gc.ca Facebook (facebook.com/travelGoC) 125 Sussex Drive Foursquare (foursquare.com/travelgoc) Ottawa ON K1A 0G2 Email Travel Updates (travel.gc.ca/updates) General RSS feeds (travel.gc.ca/rss) 1-800-267-6788 (in Canada and the U.S.) or 613-944-6788 Accessibility for disabled travellers TTY: 1-800-394-3472 (in Canada travel.gc.ca/disabledtravellers and the U.S.) or 613-944-1310 [email protected] Canadian government offices abroad Emergencies travel.gc.ca/offices travel.gc.ca/emergencies Canadian passports 613-996-8885 (call collect from travel.gc.ca/passport abroad, where service is available) [email protected] Consent letter for children travelling abroad Publications (free) travel.gc.ca/letter Access or order our safe-travel publications at travel.gc.ca/ Consular services for Canadians publication or by calling travel.gc.ca/servicesoffered 1-800-267-8376 (in Canada) or 613-944-4000. Feedback on consular services travel.gc.ca/feedback Travel Advice and Advisories See travel.gc.ca/advice for essential Import requirements for Canadians information on safety and security, travel.gc.ca/customs local laws and customs, health conditions and entry requirements for Registration of Canadians Abroad more than 200 destinations. Advice travel.gc.ca/register is also available by phone: Tax obligations while abroad 1-800-267-6788 (in Canada and the travel.gc.ca/taxation U.S.) or 613-944-6788. Travelling with children Travel health information travel.gc.ca/child See travel.gc.ca/health for travel health advisories and a directory of Travelling with animals travel health clinics in Canada. travel.gc.ca/pets Voting from abroad travel.gc.ca/voting

Travel.gc.ca | 41 Canada Border Services Agency Elections Canada cbsa.gc.ca elections.ca Border Information Service Line General questions 1-800-461-9999 (in Canada) or 1- 800-463-6868 (in Canada and 204-983-3500 or 506-636-5064 the U.S.) or 613-993-2975 TTY: 1-800-361-8935 (in Canada Canada Revenue Agency and the U.S.) cra.gc.ca Environment and Climate Change International Tax Services Office Canada 1-800-267-5177 (in Canada ec.gc.ca/cites and the U.S.) or 613-952-3741 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada) Non-Resident Withholding Accounts or 819-997-1840 [email protected] 1-800-267-3395 (in Canada and the U.S.) or 613-952-2344 (collect calls Passport Canada accepted) passportcanada.gc.ca Canadian Food Inspection Agency Passports, certificates of identity and beaware.gc.ca travel documents 1-800-442-2342 1-800-567-6868 (in Canada National Import Service Centre (ISC) and the continental U.S.) or 1-800-835-4486 819-997-8338 (from abroad) TTY: 1-866-255-7655 (in Canada Canadian Heritage and the continental U.S.) or canadianheritage.gc.ca/travel 514-283-5197 (from abroad) Movable Cultural Property Program Public Health Agency of Canada 1-866-811-0055 or 819-997-7761 travelhealth.gc.ca [email protected] General Information and Immigration, Refugees and Recommendations on Travel Citizenship Canada (IRCC) Health Topics cic.gc.ca phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/info/ index-eng.php CIC Call Centre 1-888-242-2100 (in Canada) TTY: 1-888-576-8502 (in Canada, getprepared.gc.ca from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern Time) 1-800-622-6232 [email protected]

42 Immigration, Refugees Immigration, Réfugiés and Citizenship Canada et Citoyenneté Canada

TRAVEL&WORK Abroad www.canada.ca/iec-eic 1-877-461-2346

Travel.gc.ca | 43 Living Abroad Checklist Remember to take these important steps before leaving Canada: ££ Assess your readiness to live abroad by weighing the rewards and risks of adapting to another language, pace of life, laws and customs, climate and security conditions. ££ Confirm the legitimacy of work, study, volunteer, retirement or other opportunities abroad. ££ Consult our Travel Advice and Advisories (travel.gc.ca/advice) and the publication Bon Voyage, But… Essential Information for Canadian Travellers (travel.gc.ca/publication). ££ Ensure that you can afford to move abroad by calculating the costs (e.g., transportation, shipping household effects, settling into a new home, the cost of living). ££ Plan for long-term health needs by obtaining a pre-departure health assessment, vaccinations, prescriptions, medical supplies, extra eyeglasses, supplemental or replacement insurance. ££ Check whether dual citizenship could cause complications for you in your host country. ££ Obtain all required travel documentation (e.g., passports, visas, medical certificates, criminal record checks). Leave copies of your documents and insurance policy with friends or family in Canada. ££ If you’re going abroad with children, carry a consent letter proving they have permission to travel from every non-accompanying person with the legal right to make major decisions on their behalf (travel.gc.ca/letter); check with your host country’s immi- gration authorities regarding additional entry requirements; arrange for appropriate daycare or schooling. ££ Sign up for the Registration of Canadians Abroad service (travel.gc.ca/register) so that we can contact and assist you in case of an emergency. ££ Carry an Emergency Contact Card with the coordinates of the nearest Canadian government office in your host country (travel.gc.ca/card).

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