DOCSLIB.ORG

Zymoseptoria Tritici Isolates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zymoseptoria Tritici Isolates Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-017-0143-3 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluating the efficacy of STB resistance genes to Iranian Zymoseptoria tritici isolates 1 1 1 Mohamad Dalvand • Mohamad Javad Soleimani Pari • Doustmorad Zafari Received: 26 December 2016 / Accepted: 9 December 2017 Ó Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2017 Abstract Zymoseptoria tritici (P. Crous; syn. Mycosphaerella graminicola, Septoria tritici), causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat in Iran and across the world. To identify resistance sources than can be relevant to breeding programs, it is necessary to determine the virulence factors of the pathogen. In this study, 26 differential wheat cultivars (carrying Stb1–18 genes) were inoculated as seedlings in a greenhouse with 10 individual isolates of Z. tritici collected from different regions of Iran under different environmental conditions. Iranian Z. tritici isolates showed new virulence patterns. Among wheat differentials, none of the cultivars were resistant to all the Iranian isolates used in this study. Oasis (carrying Stb1), Sulivan (carrying Stb2), and Bulgaria 88 (carrying Stb1 and Stb6) showed susceptibility to all the isolates. Stb5, Stb7, Stb13, and Stb14 possibly do not have a good resistance as most of the isolates were virulent to these genes. Therefore, these genes cannot be considered as effective sources of resistance to Z. tritici. Shafir (carrying Stb6) revealed a resistant reaction to most of the isolates. M3 (carrying Stb16 and Stb17) was susceptible to four Z. tritici isolates, and this is the first report of susceptibility reaction for this cultivar. Keywords Differential cultivar Á Seedlings Á Resistant gene Á Zymoseptoria tritici Á Wheat Introduction the agrochemical and breeding industry (Stammler et al. 2008; Torriani et al. 2009). Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Despite agronomical practices and varietal resistance, fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola with an amorphous the control of the disease relies mainly on chemical control Zymoseptoria tritici (old name: S. tritici) (Quaedvlieg et al. (McDonald and Mundt 2016). However, this method is 2011), is one of the most serious foliar diseases of wheat neither environmentally friendly nor it is entirely reliable. (Eyal et al. 1987). Therefore, resistance breeding in wheat to STB can provide The disease can affect both the quality and quantity of an effective, economic and environmentally safe strategy wheat thereby reducing yield losses for more than 40–50% for disease management (Brown et al. 2015; Ferjaoui et al. in areas with relatively high rainfall and moderate tem- 2015). peratures (Eyal 1981; Fones and Gurr 2015). Both qualitative and quantitative resistances against Z. In Iran, STB is a serious disease (Haghdel and Bani- tritici have been reported during the last few decades. hashemi 2005). Susceptibility of prevalent commercial Quantitative resistance is controlled by polygenic traits and bread and durum wheat cultivars to STB resulted in severe has incomplete resistance to Z. tritici. It has been widely epidemics in the major wheat-growing provinces of Iran reported in both seedling and adult plant stages. In contrast, (Abrinbana et al. 2012). Owing to the increasing impor- qualitative resistance confers complete or near-complete tance of STB in many regions of the world including Iran, resistance to particular isolates, as it has been reported for the disease is a main target as well as a serious concern of the Stb6 resistance gene in bread wheat (Brading et al. 2002). So far 21 resistance genes have been discovered and & Mohamad Dalvand mapped (Brown et al. 2015; Simo´n et al. 2012; Lenden- [email protected] mann et al. 2014). 1 Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 123 Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Due to the rapid changes in the pathogen population, a concentration was determined by hemocytometer counts study of the virulence pattern of Z. tritici, and continuous and adjusted to 107 spores/mL. 0.15% Tween-20 was then identification of new sources of resistance to STB and their added to the medium prior to inoculation. incorporation in breeding programs is required for sus- tainable disease management. Plant material and virulence assays Seedling screens offer opportunities to identify the efficacy of resistance to a wide panel of isolates (Tabib The reactions of 26 differential cultivars (Table 2), each Ghaffary et al. 2011), and differential wheat genotypes carrying one or more Stb gene(s) (Stb1–Stb18), were carrying Stb genes can be used to determine the virulence evaluated for pathotyping of fungal isolates. This experi- diversity of Z. tritici populations (Czembor et al. 2011). ment was conducted at Dezful city in Khuzestan which is a This study was conducted in order to assess the efficacy tropical province in southern Iran. of STB resistance genes against Iranian isolates of Z. tritici Taichung 29 and Obelisk were used as international and to evaluate whether there is a pathogenic variation for susceptible cultivars, while Darab 2 was used as a national STB within Iranian Z. tritici isolates. susceptible cultivar. Cultivars were planted in a plastic pot with a diameter of 15.5 cm (three pots per isolate) filled with a mixture of Materials and methods sterile loam soil, peat, and perlite. The experimental design was completely randomized with three repeats. Seedlings Isolation, purification, and disease inoculum of each pot were inoculated at the third leaf stage with preparation Table 2 Bread wheat differential genotypes with known Stb genes In this study, leaf samples infected with Iranian isolates of used in virulence pattern studies Z. tritici showing blotch symptoms were collected from No. Cultivar Gene different fields of Khuzestan, Lorestan, Ardabil, Markazi, and Golestan provinces that represent different environ- 1 Oasis Carrying Stb1 mental conditions (Table 1). Isolation of fungi was per- 2 Sulivan Carrying Stb1 formed as described by Eyal et al. (1987). First, pieces of 3 Bulgaria 88 Carrying Stb1 and Stb6 infected leaves were attached to glass slides and placed in a 4 Veranopolis Carrying Stb2 and Stb6 Petri dish with wet filter paper. After 24 h, the oozing 5 Israel 493 Carrying Stb3 and Stb6 pycnidia is removed with a sterile needle and transferred to 6 Tadinia Carrying Stb4 and Stb6 a PDA plate. For inoculation preparation, one-liter flasks 7 Cs Synthetic Carrying Stb5 containing Yeast-glucose (YG) liquid medium (Yeast-Ex- 8 Flame Carrying Stb6 tract 10 g/L and glucose 10 g/L) were inoculated using a 9 Shafir Carrying Stb6 small piece of fungal colonies from the solid medium and 10 Estanzuela Federal Carrying Stb7 incubated in a shaker (Jal tajhiz, Karaj, Iran) adjusted at 11 M6 Synthetic Carrying Stb8 150 rpm and 15 °C. After a week, the inoculum 12 Courtot Carrying Stb9 13 Kavkaz-K4500 Carrying Stb6, Stb7, Stb10 and Stb12 14 TE9111 Carrying Stb6, Stb7 and Stb11 Table 1 Characteristics of Zymoseptoria tritici isolates used in this study 15 Obelisk Susceptible check 16 Taichung 29 Susceptible check Isolate Province Location Host 17 Salamouni Carrying Stb13 and Stb14 IR1 Khuzestan Dezful Bread wheat 18 Ariana Carrying Stb6 and Stb15 IR2 Khuzestan Shush Bread wheat 19 Riband Carrying Stb15 or another IR3 Markazi Arak Bread wheat 20 M3 Carrying Stb16 and Stb17 IR4 Khuzestan Dezful Bread wheat 21 Balance Carrying Stb6 and Stb18 IR5 Ardabil Moghan Bread wheat 22 Kulm Check IR6 Khuzestan Safiabad Triticale 23 3HD-126 Carrying Stb11 IR7 Khuzestan Safiabad Durum wheat 24 KM7 Carrying Stb16 IR8 Golestan Gorgan Bread wheat 25 KM41 Carrying Stb17 IR9 Khuzestan Shushtar Bread wheat 26 3HD-138 Carrying Stb18 IR10 Lorestan Delfan Bread wheat 27 Darab2 Local check 123 Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 20 ml of suspension using a hand sprayer. After spraying, Statistics (PAST) software version 1.74. The pycnidial the pots were covered with a clear polyethylene bag to coverage data (Table 3) of the wheat genotypes by each increase humidity and prevent cross-contamination. The isolate was subjected to a hierarchical cluster analysis pots were then kept for 72 h on a greenhouse bench at using the paired group algorithm, and the similarity was 21 ± 2/16 ± 2 °C (day/night) in a 16-hour day. The bags measured using the Euclidean distance method imple- were then removed, and the plants were kept in the mented in PAST software (Hammer et al. 2001). greenhouse under the same conditions (Weber 1922; Robert et al. 2005). The wheat responses were evaluated after 21 days of inoculation by visual estimation of the Results and discussion percentage of leaf area with necrotic lesions bearing pyc- nidia (Kema et al. 1996). In this study, pathogenicity patterns of Z. tritici isolates with different hosts and different geographical regions Data analysis were studied. Significant differences (p \ 0.01) were observed Individual and combined analyses of variance were per- between wheat genotypes in their response to different Z. formed. As fixed effects, the main effects of isolate, wheat tritici isolates. It seems that these differences were due to genotype, and their interactions have been included in this the highly significant variations (p \ 0.01) in the geno- analysis. SAS 9.1 for Windows was used for data analysis. type–isolate interaction (Table 4). The means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range Cluster analysis showed that Z. tritici isolates
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ago1 Affects the Virulence of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria Tritici
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Ago1 Affects the Virulence of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici Michael Habig 1,2,†, Klaas Schotanus 1,2,†, Kim Hufnagel 1,2, Petra Happel 3 and Eva H. Stukenbrock 1,2,* 1 Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Environmental Genomics, Am Botanischen Garten 1-11, 24118 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (K.H.) 2 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany 3 Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: In host-pathogen interactions RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a pivotal mecha- nism to modify both, the immune responses of the host as well as the pathogenicity and virulence of the pathogen. In addition, in some fungi RNAi is also known to affect chromosome biology via its effect on chromatin conformation. Previous studies reported no effect of the RNAi machinery on the virulence of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici however the role of RNAi is still poorly understood in this species. Herein, we elucidate whether the RNAi machinery is conserved within the genus Zymoseptoria. Moreover, we conduct functional analyses of Argonaute and Dicer-like proteins and test if the RNAi machinery affects chromosome stability. We show that the RNAi machinery is conserved among closely related Zymoseptoria species while an exceptional pattern of allelic diversity was possibly caused by introgression.
    [Show full text]
  • Zymoseptoria Tritici-Wheat: the Metabolic Interface of a Crop Pathogen and Its Host Plant
    Zymoseptoria tritici-wheat: the metabolic interface of a crop pathogen and its host plant Supervisory team: Main supervisor: Dr Helen Fones (Eyles) (University of Exeter) Second supervisor: Prof Nick Smirnoff (University of Exeter) Prof David Studholme (University of Exeter) Collaborators: Dr Gary Barker (University of Bristol) Host institution: University of Exeter (Streatham) Project description: Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria Triciti Blotch (STB), is Europe’s most important pathogen of wheat, costing the UK economy alone around £300M per annum in lost yields and spending on fungicides. There is a great need to better understand how this fungus interacts with the wheat plant and with other microbes on the leaf surface, in order to find new ways to control STB: at present, we are reliant on fungicides to which the fungus is beginning to develop resistance. One area in which little is currently known is how the fungus obtains nutrients in early infection. Work in the Fones’ lab has recently shown that this fungus can remain on the leaf surface (epiphytic) for at least ten days before entering and infecting the leaf, and that it does not simply survive there but grows and even reproduces. Currently, we do not know how the fungus obtains nutrients during this phase. Zymoseptoria tritici isolates differ in the duration and extent of this surface growth and reproduction. In this PhD project, you will sample an array of Zymoseptoria tritici isolates from the field and use microscopy, molecular biology and plant pathology to determine their epiphytic growth phenotypes. You will carry out a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify the genetic differences which underpin variation in surface growth characteristics, with a particular interest in genes involved in nutrient acquisition and usage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Starch-Binding Laccase from the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria Tritici Highlights the Functional Diversity of Ascomycete Laccases
    View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Sep 11, 2019 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology A novel starch-binding laccase from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici highlights the functional diversity of ascomycete laccases Haddad Momeni, Majid; Bollella, Paolo; Ortiz, Roberto; Thormann, Esben; Gorton, Lo; Abou Hachem, Maher Published in: B M C Biotechnology Link to article, DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0552-4 Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Haddad Momeni, M., Bollella, P., Ortiz, R., Thormann, E., Gorton, L., & Abou Hachem, M. (2019). A novel starch-binding laccase from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici highlights the functional diversity of ascomycete laccases. B M C Biotechnology, 19, [61]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-019-0552-4 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • FPLC and Liquid-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Identify Candidate Necrosis-Inducing Proteins from Culture filtrates of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria Tritici
    Fungal Genetics and Biology 79 (2015) 54–62 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Genetics and Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yfgbi FPLC and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry identify candidate necrosis-inducing proteins from culture filtrates of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici Sarrah Ben M’Barek a,b, Jan H.G. Cordewener a,c,d, Seyed M. Tabib Ghaffary a,e, Theo A.J. van der Lee a, Zhaohui Liu f, Amir Mirzadi Gohari a,g, Rahim Mehrabi h, Antoine H.P. America a,c,d, Olivier Robert i, ⇑ Timothy L. Friesen j, Sonia Hamza k, Ioannis Stergiopoulos l, Pierre J.G.M. de Wit m, Gerrit H.J. Kema a, a Wageningen University & Research Center, Plant Research International, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands b Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia c Center for BioSystems and Genomics, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands d Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands e Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, P.O. Box 333, Dezfoul, Iran f Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA g Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Plant Pathology Building, Karaj, Iran h Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran i Florimond Desprez, BP41, 59242 Cappelle-en-Pévèle, France j USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA k Laboratory of Genetics, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia l Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, 578 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8751, USA m Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Culture filtrates (CFs) of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici were assayed for necrosis-inducing Received 19 January 2015 activity after infiltration in leaves of various wheat cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Molecular Signatures of Responses of Wheat to Zymoseptoria Tritici in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions
    Plant Pathology (2016) Doi: 10.1111/ppa.12633 Early molecular signatures of responses of wheat to Zymoseptoria tritici in compatible and incompatible interactions E. S. Ortona, J. J.Ruddb and J. K. M. Browna* aJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH; and bRothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, a serious foliar disease of wheat, is a necrotrophic pathogen that undergoes a long latent period. Emergence of insensitivity to fungicides, and pesticide reduction policies, mean there is a pressing need to understand septoria and control it through greater varietal resistance. Stb6 and Stb15, the most common qualitative resistance genes in modern wheat cultivars, determine specific resistance to avirulent fun- gal genotypes following a gene-for-gene relationship. This study investigated compatible and incompatible interactions of wheat with Z. tritici using eight combinations of cultivars and isolates, with the aim of identifying molecular responses that could be used as markers for disease resistance during the early, symptomless phase of colonization. The accumulation of TaMPK3 was estimated using western blotting, and the expression of genes implicated in gene-for- gene interactions of plants with a wide range of other pathogens was measured by qRT-PCR during the presymp- tomatic stages of infection. Production of TaMPK3 and expression of most of the genes responded to inoculation with Z. tritici but varied considerably between experimental replicates. However, there was no significant difference between compatible and incompatible interactions in any of the responses tested. These results demonstrate that the molecular biology of the gene-for-gene interaction between wheat and Zymoseptoria is unlike that in many other plant diseases, indicate that environmental conditions may strongly influence early responses of wheat to infection by Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural and Functional Elucidation of Yeast Lanosterol 14Α-Demethylase in Complex with Agrochemical Antifungals
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Structural and Functional Elucidation of Yeast Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase in Complex with Agrochemical Antifungals Joel D. A. Tyndall1☯*, Manya Sabherwal2☯, Alia A. Sagatova2, Mikhail V. Keniya2,3, Jacopo Negroni4, Rajni K. Wilson2, Matthew A. Woods2, Klaus Tietjen5, Brian C. Monk2,3* 1 New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2 Sir John Walsh Research Institute, New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 3 Department of Oral Sciences, New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry, University of Otago, a11111 Dunedin, New Zealand, 4 Bayer SAS, Division Crop Science, Disease Control Research, Lyon, France, 5 Bayer AG, Division Crop Science, Disease Control Research, Monheim, Germany ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] (JDAT); [email protected] (BCM) Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Tyndall JDA, Sabherwal M, Sagatova AA, Azole antifungals, known as demethylase inhibitors (DMIs), target sterol 14α-demethylase Keniya MV, Negroni J, Wilson RK, et al. (2016) (CYP51) in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway of fungal pathogens of both plants and Structural and Functional Elucidation of Yeast humans. DMIs remain the treatment of choice in crop protection against a wide range of fun- Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase in Complex with gal phytopathogens that have the potential to reduce crop yields and threaten food security. Agrochemical Antifungals. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0167485. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167485 We used a yeast membrane protein expression system to overexpress recombinant hexa- histidine-tagged S. cerevisiae lanosterol 14α-demethylase and the Y140F or Y140H Editor: Joseph T.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Insights Into the Asexual Life-Cycle of the Wheat-Leaf Pathogen Zymoseptoria Tritici
    Novel insights into the asexual life-cycle of the wheat-leaf pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici William Tudor Kay Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences, September 2017. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: (William Kay) 1 Thesis Abstract Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is the most economically important pathogen of wheat in temperate climates. EU spending on the control of STB is estimated at more than € 1.3 billion per annum, even when tolerant cultivars are used. This thesis comprises 5 data chapters each looking to ascertain reasons for the success of Z. tritici. Using mainly in vitro methods combined with confocal microscopy, this thesis explores asexual spore submergence in rain, epiphytic development, the potential triggers for pycnidiation, low-nutrient ex planta survival, and soil treatments as a novel method of control. Novel findings include that (i) submergence leads to a form of spore dormancy, (ii) epiphytic development is more extensive than previously thought with hyphal growth and sporulation both occurring readily over a 21 day period, (iii) pycnidiation is a rapid, deterministic developmental process, triggered by contents of lysed plant cells, (iv) asexual spores have the capacity to survive for many weeks in low-nutrient environments, and finally (v) that treating soil-borne environmental spores may be a novel way to reduce field inoculum levels before a new crop is sown.
    [Show full text]
  • Categorization of Orthologous Gene Clusters in 92 Ascomycota Genomes Reveals Functions Important for Phytopathogenicity
    Journal of Fungi Article Categorization of Orthologous Gene Clusters in 92 Ascomycota Genomes Reveals Functions Important for Phytopathogenicity Daniel Peterson 1, Tang Li 2, Ana M. Calvo 1,* and Yanbin Yin 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; [email protected] 2 Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.M.C.); [email protected] (Y.Y.); Tel.: +1-(815)-753-0451 (A.M.C.); +1-(402)-472-4303 (Y.Y.) Abstract: Phytopathogenic Ascomycota are responsible for substantial economic losses each year, destroying valuable crops. The present study aims to provide new insights into phytopathogenicity in Ascomycota from a comparative genomic perspective. This has been achieved by categorizing orthologous gene groups (orthogroups) from 68 phytopathogenic and 24 non-phytopathogenic Ascomycota genomes into three classes: Core, (pathogen or non-pathogen) group-specific, and genome-specific accessory orthogroups. We found that (i) ~20% orthogroups are group-specific and accessory in the 92 Ascomycota genomes, (ii) phytopathogenicity is not phylogenetically determined, (iii) group-specific orthogroups have more enriched functional terms than accessory orthogroups and this trend is particularly evident in phytopathogenic fungi, (iv) secreted proteins with signal peptides and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) are the two functional terms that show the highest Citation: Peterson, D.; Li, T.; Calvo, occurrence and significance in group-specific orthogroups, (v) a number of other functional terms are A.M.; Yin, Y. Categorization of Orthologous Gene Clusters in 92 also identified to have higher significance and occurrence in group-specific orthogroups.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Mapping of QTL for Resistance Against Zymoseptoria
    Frances Karlstedt Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz Identi cation and mapping of QTL for resistance against Zymoseptoria tritici in the winter wheat accession HTRI1410 (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta) Dissertationen aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturp anzen Kontakt | Contact: Frances Karlstedt Am Weinberg 24a 39240 Calbe/Saale E-Mail: [email protected] Die Schriftenreihe ,,Dissertationen aus dem Julius Kühn-lnstitut“ verö entlicht Doktorarbeiten, die in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Universitäten an lnstituten des Julius Kühn-lnstituts entstan- den sind. The publication series „Dissertationen aus dem Julius Kühn-lnstitut“ publishes doctoral disser- tations originating from research doctorates and completed at the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) either in close collaboration with universities or as an outstanding independent work in the JKI research elds. Der Vertrieb dieser Monographien erfolgt über den Buchhandel (Nachweis im Verzeichnis liefer- barer Bücher - VLB) und OPEN ACCESS unter: https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00005667 The monographs are distributed through the book trade (listed in German Books in Print - VLB) and OPEN ACCESS here: https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00005667 Wir unterstützen den o enen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen. Die Dissertationen aus dem Julius Kühn-lnstitut erscheinen daher OPEN ACCESS. Alle Ausgaben stehen kostenfrei im lnternet zur Verfügung: http://www.julius-kuehn.de Bereich Verö entlichungen. We advocate open access to scienti c knowledge. Dissertations from the Julius Kühn-lnstitut are therefore published open access. All issues are available free of charge under http://www.julius-kuehn.de (see Publications). Bibliogra sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation In der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra e: detaillierte bibliogra sche Daten sind im lnternet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
    [Show full text]
  • Rothamsted Repository Download
    Patron: Her Majesty The Queen Rothamsted Research Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ Telephone: +44 (0)1582 763133 WeB: http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/ Rothamsted Repository Download A - Papers appearing in refereed journals Carter, H. E., Fraaije, B. A., West, J. S., Kelly, S. L., Mehl, A., Shaw, M. W. and Cools, H. J. 2014. Alterations in the predicted regulatory and coding regions of the sterol 14alpha-demethylase gene (CYP51) confer decreased azole sensitivity in the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopeziza brassicae. Molecular Plant Pathology. 15 (5), pp. 513-522. The publisher's version can be accessed at: • https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12106 The output can be accessed at: https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/8qz34. © Please contact [email protected] for copyright queries. 12/03/2019 11:14 repository.rothamsted.ac.uk [email protected] Rothamsted Research is a Company Limited by Guarantee Registered Office: as above. Registered in England No. 2393175. Registered Charity No. 802038. VAT No. 197 4201 51. Founded in 1843 by John Bennet Lawes. bs_bs_banner MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2014) 15(5), 513–522 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12106 Alterations in the predicted regulatory and coding regions of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (CYP51) confer decreased azole sensitivity in the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopeziza brassicae HELEN E. CARTER1, BART A. FRAAIJE1, JONATHAN S. WEST2, STEVEN L. KELLY3, ANDREAS MEHL4, MICHAEL W. SHAW5 AND HANS J. COOLS1,* 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK 2Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK 3Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK 4Bayer CropScience AG, Research Disease Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany 5School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK INTRODUCTION SUMMARY Pyrenopeziza brassicae B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Septoria Tritici Blotch François Collin
    The tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Septoria tritici blotch François Collin To cite this version: François Collin. The tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Septoria tritici blotch. Agronomy. Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France; University of Nottingham, 2017. English. NNT : 2017IAVF0028. tel-02443529 HAL Id: tel-02443529 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02443529 Submitted on 17 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2017 IAVF 0028 THESE DE DOCTORAT préparée à l’Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l’environnement (AgroParisTech) pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France Spécialité : sciences agronomiques École doctorale n°581 Agriculture, alimentation, biologie, environnement et santé (ABIES) par François COLLIN The tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Septoria tritici blotch La tolérance du blé (Triticum aestivum L.) à la septoriose Directeurs de thèse : Marie-Odile BANCAL, John FOULKES Co-encadrement de la thèse : Pierre BANCAL Thèse présentée et soutenue à Sutton Bonington (Royaume Uni), le 12 décembre 2017 : Composition du jury : Dr. Ian BINGHAM, Reader in Crop Physiology, Scotlands Rural College Président, Examinateur Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH FACT SHEET Southern Region
    MARCH 2014 SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH FACT SHEET SOUTHERN REGION P MANAGING SEPTORIA TRITICI HOTO BLOTCH DISEASE IN WHEat : ANDREW MI Changes in Septoria tritici blotch resistance to fungicides have been L G at detected in the southern grain growing region, especially where wheat E is sown into wheat stubble. Variety selection and crop rotations are essential for effective disease control. KEY POINTS Distinctive black fruiting bodies on leaf lesions are a good indicator for diagnosis of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) infection. Long periods of leaf moisture are required for disease development. Figure 1. A wheat plant with typical Septoria tritici blotch symptoms. Early sown crops and crops sown into wheat stubbles are most likely to be infected. Two gene mutations in STB detected by NSW Department of Primary Industries indicate resistance to some fungicides (see Case Study). susceptible wheat varieties are the main risk factors that increase the chance of infection. Adoption of an integrated disease management approach that includes crop rotation Weather conditions are also an important and, when necessary, applied fungicides is the most effective management tool. risk factor. Infection by the fungus is much greater with frequent rain events and where moist conditions extend over long periods. What is Septoria tritici blotch? and triticales have good resistance, growers need to consult a current cereal Symptoms Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is caused by variety disease guide for individual variety Septoria tritici blotch in wheat causes a fungus, Zymoseptoria tritici (synonym resistance ratings (see Useful Resources). brown-coloured lesions. In more susceptible Mycosphaerella graminicola, Septoria The fungal population differs in virulence tritici), which survives in wheat stubble.
    [Show full text]