N ICHOLAS S CHOOL OF THE E NVIRONMENT AND E ARTH S CIENCES Honor Roll Issue

Fall 2005 dukenvironment An Environment for Solutions

Will Plants Move Fast Enough to Keep up with CLIMATE CHANGE?page 2

The Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions celebrates its Inaugural Launch. see pages 6-9 > dukenvironment Contents

2 Will Plants Move Fast Enough to Keep Up With Contemporary Climate Change? Researchers James Clark and Gabriel Katul Look Into the Future

20 6 Working to Slow the Frightful Pace of Extinction The Nicholas Institute Marine Lab’s Karen and Scott Eckert Make it Their Personal Mission to More Than 400 Gather for Inaugural Take Sea Turtle Conservation to the Local Level Summit.

Administration Board of Visitors Todd C.Jorn,Longship Capital Management LLC,New York,NY William H.Schlesinger,Dean Simon B.Rich Jr.,Edenton,NC (Chair) Brian N.McDonald,International Paper Co.,People’s Republic of China J.K.Nicholas,Chelsea Clock,Boston,MA Richard T.Barber,Chair,Division of Coastal Systems Science & Policy Marshall Field V,Old Mountain Co.,Chicago,IL (Vice Chair) John H.Adams,Natural Resources Defense Council,New York,NY Patrick F.Noonan,The Conservation Fund,Arlington,VA Peter K.Haff,Chair,Division of Earth & Ocean Sciences Elsa Ayers,Greensboro,NC (Ex Officio) Frank W.Peterman,The Wilderness Society,Atlanta,GA Kenneth H.Reckhow,Chair,Division of Environmental Sciences & Policy Ann M.Bartuska,USDA Forest Service,Washington,DC John C.Reid,Cross Cultural Solutions,New Rochelle,NY Emily M.Klein,Senior Associate Dean Lawrence B.Benenson,The Benenson Capital Co.,New York,NY Story Clark Resor,Conservation Consulting,Wilson,WY Tim Profeta,Senior Associate Dean and Director,Nicholas Institute Brent Blackwelder,Friends of the Earth,Washington,DC Stephen E.Roady,Earthjustice,Washington,DC (Ex Officio) Susan Berndt,Associate Dean,External Affairs Robert Bonnie,Environmental Defense,Washington,DC Truman T.Semans Jr.,Pew Center on Global Climate Change,Arlington,VA Peggy Dean Glenn,Associate Dean,New Initiatives Ann Douglas Cornell,Wallace Genetic Foundation,Washington,DC Bartow S.Shaw Jr.,American Forest Management Inc.,Sumter,SC Ruth G.Shaw,Duke Power Co.,Charlotte,NC James Haggard,Associate Dean,Finance and Administration Thomas F.Darden,Cherokee Investment Partners,LLC,Raleigh,NC Michael C.Farrar,Washington,DC Arthur Lawrence Smith,John S.Herold Inc.,Houston,TX Scottee Cantrell,Assistant Dean,Marketing and Communications Kathryn S.Fuller,Ford Foundation,Washington,DC Fred J.Stanback Jr.,Salisbury,NC Karen Kirchof,Assistant Dean,Career Services F. Daniel Gabel Jr.,Hagedorn & Co.,New York,NY James Blake Sullivan,Sullivan Forestry Consultants Inc.,Americus,GA Cynthia Peters,Assistant Dean,Enrollment Services Jeffrey Lund Gendell,Tontine Partners,Greenwich,CT Molly Tamarkin,Assistant Dean,Information Technology Lynn Ellen Gorguze,Cameron Holdings Corp.,La Jolla,CA Marine Lab Advisory Board Michael K.Orbach,Director,Duke University Marine Laboratory Lyons Gray,Winston-Salem,NC Elsa Ayers,Greensboro,NC (Co-Chair) Peter C.Griffith,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Baltimore,MD (Ex Officio) Stephen E.Roady,Earthjustice,Washington,DC (Co-Chair) Gilbert M.Grosvenor,National Geographic Society,Washington,DC James H.P.Bailey Jr.,Cape Lookout Marine Inc.,Atlantic Beach,NC John S.Hahn,Mayer,Brown,Rowe & Maw,Washington,DC Richard H.Bierly,Morehead City,NC Richard G.Heintzelman,Janney Montgomery Scott,Allentown,PA Charles F.Blanchard,Blanchard,Jenkins,Miller & Lewis PA,Raleigh,NC 6 The log 28 Scope 40 Nature and Nurture school news faculty and staff notes giving news Nicholas Institute Environmental Summit Section Energizing Environmental Education Schlesinger Reappointed Dean of the Nicholas School LaDane Williamson’s Gift to the Nicholas School Top Conservation Students Gather at Duke New Endowments Established Nicholas School Researchers Amass GIS Data to Aid 32 Sightings Duke Energy Pledges $2.5 Million Analysis of Katrina’s Health,Environmental Effects alumni profile Annual Fund Honor Roll Meredith Wingate is All About Energy;1998 Alum Helps Facilitate Markets for Renewables alumni news 25 Action Career Matters:Asking for a Raise 48 Update student news DEL Class Schedule annual report Bringing the Environment to Durham Elementary Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 Named Tar Heel of the Week Schools Heather Jacobs MEM’00 Paddles the Tar River Charlotte Clark Receives Charles A.Duke Award Jeanine Holland to Manage the Nicholas School’s 49 Monitor upcoming events Forum Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs 27 class notes decorate your desktop dean’s page obituaries Committing to a Trinity-Nicholas Partnership with new nicholas school wallpaper. See page 23.

dukenvironment Need to get in touch with dukenvironment ? dukenvironment is published twice a year by the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences. Subscribe (free) Visit us online at www.nicholas.duke.edu/dukenvironment Editor Photography Or e-mail [email protected] Scottee Cantrell Chris Hildreth,Les Todd,Jim Wallace,Duke Photography; Scott Taylor,Beaufort;Drew Stuyvenberg MEM’05;Scott Eckert; Change of Address Art Director Phil Schermeister,California;and Derrick Hood,Kansas E-mail [email protected] or call Amy Chapman Braun 919-613-8111 Student Assistants Editorial Comments Contributing writers Jean Lynch MEM’06 and Katherine Jennrich MEM’07 E-mail Scottee Cantrell at [email protected] Monte Basgall,Lisa M.Dellwo,Laura Ertel,Tim Lucas,Jean Lynch, Donna Picard Thanks to the Nicholas School Office of External Affairs for © Copyright 2005 The Nicholas School of The Environment and its assistance. Earth Sciences at Duke University

Lawrence E.Blanchard III,Dermatology Associates of Virginia,Richmond,VA Nancy Ragland Perkins,Alexandra,VA Robert S.Jacobs T’84,Encore Acquisition Co.,Ft.Worth,TX David S.Brody,Kinston,NC Randolph K.Repass,West Marine,Watsonville,CA Leslie Jamka MEM’99,Hazardous Substances Research Center, F. Nelson Blount Crisp,Blount & Crisp,Greenville,NC Paul Risher,Risher Investments,Stamford,CT Baltimore,MD Hugh Cullman,Beaufort,NC Sally-Christine Rodgers,Watsonville,CA Toni Kerns MEM’03,Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, Sylvia A.Earle,Deep Ocean Exploration & Research,Oakland,CA Katherine Goodman Stern,Greensboro,NC Washington,DC Robert W.Estill,Raleigh,NC Elizabeth Thrower,Vero Beach,FL,and Nantucket,MA Emily R.Lindow MEM’00 US Department of Commerce,Washington,DC John T.Garbutt Jr.,Durham,NC Stephen A.Wainwright,Duke University,Durham,NC Michael B.Mascia PhD’00,US Environmental Protection Agency, Cecil Goodnight,Wake Forest,NC Wayne F.Wilbanks,Wilbanks,Smith & Thomas Asset Management, Washington,DC C.Howard Hardesty Jr.,Vero Beach,FL Norfolk,VA Thomas Medary T’84,Mani Operating Co.,Corpus Christi,TX Robert G.Hardy,Galway Group L.P.,Houston,TX Tancred Buddie Miller MEM’99,NC-DENR Division of Coastal Management, Mary Price Taylor Harrison,Greensboro,NC Alumni Council Morehead City,NC Susan W.Hudson,Wilson,NC Amy Michelle Schick-Kenney T’96 MEM’98,Consultant,Arlington,VA Charles E.Murphy Jr.MF’63 PhD’70,Aiken,SC Sandra Taylor Kaupe,Palm Beach,FL Cristina Fiori Argeles T’95 MEM’00,Horst Inc.,Kutztown,PA Richard Pandullo MEM’81,Clayton Group Services,Cary,NC William A.Lane Jr.,The Dunspaugh-Dalton Foundation Inc.,Coral Gables,FL E.Fielding Arnold T’01,Reach the World,New York,NY Brian R.Payne MF’62,Fairfax,VA Henry O.Lineberger Jr.,Raleigh,NC Kristen M.Cappel MEM’04,EPA,Washington,DC Michael Pentony MEM’96,NOAA Fisheries,Gloucester,MA H.J.MacDonald Jr.,New Bern,NC T. Spencer Crowley III T’96,Gunster Yoakley & Stewart PA,Miami,FL Kris Pickler MEM’99,Buist Moore Smythe & McGee PA,Charleston,SC Edgar Maeyens Jr.,Coos Bay,OR John Marc Deyfors MEM’90,Forests of the World,LLC,Durham,NC Robert Piotrowski G’74,F’76,Marathon Oil,Houston,TX Mark Douglas Masselink,Moore Capital Management,New York,NY Charles F.Finley Jr.MF’67,Verbatim Editing,Richmond,VA Georgia M.Schweitzer T’01,Duke University,Durham,NC Anne Hall McMahon,Durham,NC Peter C.Griffith T’78,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Baltimore, Heather Stevenson MEM’83,McGuire Woods LLP,Richmond,VA J.Alexander McMahon,Fuqua School of Business,Duke University,Durham,NC MD (Past President) Monica Ulewicz MEM’92,The National Academies,The Plains,VA J.Thomas McMurray,Marine Ventures Foundation,Belvedere,CA Chung-Hong Fu MEM’93,Timberland Investment Resources LLC,Atlanta,GA Robert Young PhD’95,Western Carolina University,Webster,NC COVER STORY feature

WILL PLANTS MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO Researchers James Clark and KEEP UP WITH CONTEMPORARY Gabriel Katul Take Different Approaches to Speculate on CLIMATE CHANGE? the Future

by Monte Basgall such as longer droughts, heavier rainfall our understanding of that experience and and amplification of both minimum and drop it down in 2050.” As the climate began warming and glaciers maximum air temperature. Katul, a Nicholas School professor of from Earth’s last ice age began melting, Clark, the H.L. Blomquist Professor of hydrology and micrometeorology mechanics, evidence suggests that North American Biology, is an ecologist at both the Nicholas studies seed and pollen propagation as an temperate zone plants huddling in the School and the biology department who extension of his physics and mathematics relative warmth further south began a studies how global change affects forests and oriented interest in mass, momentum, and northward migration to gain ground lost grasslands. Looking back in time, he has energy exchange between the land surface during the big chill. With plants now enlisted genetic information as well as and the atmosphere. poised to begin another mass movement ancient sediments to make some surprising He doesn’t claim Clark’s biological in response to human-induced global deductions about plant responses to ancient expertise to predict how plants might react warming, will the past repeat itself? climates. He and his research group also use to changing climatic conditions. But, by Nicholas School researchers James Clark seed traps and mathematical modeling to collecting wind-borne seeds on a tower near and Gabriel Katul, who have both studied meticulously trace how contemporary seeds the Duke campus in collaboration with life in different ways how seeds and pollen are spread about by the wind. scientists, Katul has helped develop some spread to new territory, were asked to do Assessments that he and associates unique mathematical models that seem to what trained scientists hate: speculate. Will have made of post-Ice Age plant responses emulate actual observations of how high plants be able to move fast enough to keep are “incredibly important, because they and how far seeds can be boosted by winds up with the contemporary climate changes are our only previous experience with at various heights in forest canopies and, that already appear to be causing Alaskan rapid global warming,” he says. “At the by extension, how fast and distant they permafrost to melt? And how will trees and end of the Ice Age things warmed up could spread. other plant life adapt to other alterations pretty quick.” Then growing cautious, He and collaborators envision a future suggested by the latest computer predictions, he adds: “But it’s not as rapid as we’re in which the movement of seeds and including intensification of extreme events seeing today. The danger is to try and take other biological material could be reliably by Tim Lucas

dukenvironment 2 C O VER S TORY

computer-simulated from very short time Are those computerized climate models Ohio began melting because of other-than- and distance scales to very long ones over accurate reflections of reality? Ask Gabriele human causes. many years. “The question is can we really Hegerl, a Nicholas School associate research Evidence from fossilized plant pollens, unfold all this complexity in a computer?” professor who analyzes climate trends. which scientists call paleo data, suggests that he asks. “With time, I think the answer “I look at the climate model simulations “tree populations migrated very rapidly will be yes.” over the 20th century and see if those when the climate changed at the end of the Climates have warmed and cooled many reproduce what we observe,” she says. “They last ice age,” Clark says. One estimated rate times in the past. But the difference now do work very well for temperature. There is was 200 meters a year. “But when we started is the presence of elevated amounts of a strong greenhouse gas signal. It’s definitely working with data from real trees—how fast atmospheric carbon dioxide caused by reflected in the surface temperature data. they grow, how many seeds they produce, human activities. Colorless, odorless CO2 “Most places you would expect an increase how far those seeds are dispersed—we just is emitted every time one of the large in heavy rainfall,” she adds. “When you have couldn’t come up with rates as fast as inter- varieties of carbon-containing fuels—from higher temperatures there is more water preted from the paleo record,” he recalled. paper trash to gasoline to natural gas to vapor in the atmosphere. On the other So Clark and colleagues began looking coal—is burned. The gas also is released hand, you may also get an increase in at DNA evidence, not prehistoric but rather when land-clearing activities turn growing drought. A higher temperature makes for modern DNA extracted from trees now vegetation into rotting biomass. dryer soils when there is a similar amount living throughout the regions that would Scientists suspect that by 2050, atmos- of rainfall.” have been crossed by any such ancient pheric carbon dioxide levels will be double The last global warming period, which migration. “Based on that, we started to what they were before the industrial age. Clark and collaborators have studied with think: ‘What if the trees didn’t have to come Because these growing volumes of CO2 the aid of fossil and DNA data, began from that far south?’ ” he recalls. “‘What if serve to trap extra heat, computer models about 10,000 years ago when the massive they were already a lot further north than suggest the climate will appreciably warm by North American glaciers extending as far the fossil record could tell us?’ So we came a process known as the greenhouse effect. south as present-day Pennsylvania and up with a hypothesis for what we would

James Clark (upper right) and Gabriel Katul (upper left) at the Duke FACE site have both studied how seeds and pollen spread to new territory. photos by Jim Wallace COVER STORY feature expect to find in the DNA if the trees were us a very good estimate of how much the trees that grew up earlier. This shade already further north,” he continues. seed is being produced by trees of differ- preference introduces a lag factor: pines “And that’s what we’ve found so far in ent sizes and different ages, and how have to form a canopy before beeches will every species we’ve looked at.” far they move. grow underneath them. A research paper Clark coauthored for “We can only say with a certain proba- “In Duke Forest, you'll only see small the September 2005 issue of the journal bility that this seed came from this tree,” beech trees in the understory of the Ecology used leaf DNA to suggest that red he notes. However, “if you are collecting established forest that grew up after maples and American beech could have hundreds of thousands of seeds, then farmlands were abandoned,” he says. lived in small numbers much closer to the those probabilistic statements become very “It’s been almost a century and the ice sheets than fossil evidence would powerful.” But he is quick to caution that beeches are not reproductively active yet. reveal. The first author of the Ecology paper “long-distance dispersal is something that Yet we’re looking at doubling CO2 in a was Jason McLachlan, a postgraduate nobody can measure. It’s not something period of decades. Species like beech research associate of Clark’s who has that you can see happen.” The movement could really be in trouble.” expertise in molecular analysis. The third of a seed over extreme distances, as Furthermore, “if it gets more arid, as author was Paul Manos, a Duke associate opposed to the distance between tree and a some climate models forecast, I don’t have professor of biology who is an expert in collection basket, “depends on extreme a real prediction for what these forests will molecular systematics. Additional studies events like hurricanes and tornadoes, look like,” he says. “And it’s not just a find similar evidence for a number of events we can’t predict,” he says. question of whether specific plant species will other species, Clark says. Other equally unpredictable factors move fast enough to keep up with climate By analyzing how inherited genetic include a bird gobbling up a seed and change. It’s about how various species will sequences now vary from tree to tree, he flying away with it before depositing it on interact as well. You also have diseases and and his colleagues found they could map the ground in bodily wastes. “A lot of pathogens and pollinators. How would prehistoric movements of those sequences species produce fruits essentially for that pollinators be affected by warmer from small founding colonies perhaps as purpose as best we can tell. That would conditions, for example? Insects are very near to the ice sheets as what is now give it a boost in distance,” he says. “Seeds sensitive to weather and the climate.” Kentucky and Tennessee. At those closer also get stuck on animals, humans and Katul assesses the seed migration distances, the scientists estimated that vehicles. That’s another way for seeds to question with a focus on the mathematics trees could have migrated from south to get around rapidly.” of biological transport phenomena. He north at less than 100 meters a year. But past patterns “really don’t answer uses all that is known about computer- That rate is consistent with mathematical the question of how far seeds will move in assessable principles of physics to try models Clark has created based on studying the future,” he says. “Will species be able predicting how far winds could be the dispersal of seeds and pollen by living to migrate to areas where they don’t now expected to dislodge and transport seeds trees. But the Ecology paper also notes that, exist, but where they would have to be able of different weights through and beyond a if true, such “past migration rates were to move because the future climate would forest’s complex canopy of leaves. substantially lower than the rates that will require it? Do plants living further north “As you try to model seed dispersal you be needed to track 21st century warming.” live there because they can tolerate colder encounter an age-old problem, which is Clark spends much of his time in the winters, or shorter summers, or a shorter the issue of turbulence,” he says. woods, some at research sites as close as growing season? Or is it something very “Turbulence is perhaps the last frontier of the Nicholas School-administered Duke different, like the kinds of soils there? It classical mechanics. How do you come up Forest and some further west at an can be very difficult to say why species live with mathematical models that capture the experimental forest in North Carolina’s where they do.” essential features? I’m trying to model a mountains. “For about 14 years we’ve In contemporary North Carolina, he phenomenon that occurs in fractions of a been looking at seed dispersal to hundreds notes that certain tree types like pines will second, like a gust. But I want to know the of seed traps in different locations where colonize rapidly in abandoned disturbed implications of that gust on a time scale of we’ve mapped all the trees,” he says. areas such as old farm fields. But pines 50 years. “We know where the parents are, and tend to be followed by species such as “This is one of the reasons why propa- we look at where seeds fall. That gives beeches that prefer living in the shade of gation distances of seeds and pollens often

dukenvironment 4 employed average wind speed data with little “We concluded that by setting up seed seeds within tree canopies get the best regard to the role of turbulent eddies in the traps on the tower, we would be able to wind boosts when there are fewer leaves. seed and pollen uplifting processes and better resolve the properties of seed “This may account for the tendency subsequent long-distance transport,” he says. dispersal than with traps located on the of many temperate tree species to restrict A centerpiece of his approach was a ground, which is what is typically done,” seed release to either early spring on late paper in the July 2002 issue of the he says. fall,” they wrote. journal Nature, entitled “Mechanisms The tower also was rigged with wind In a March 2005 paper in the research of Long-Distance Dispersal of Seeds by speed measuring anemometers, and journal Diversity and Distributions, Nathan, Wind,” in which Katul joined forces another anemometer was attached to a Katul, Avissar, Horn and others proposed with Israeli biologist Ran Nathan, four mobile van with a telescoping arm that that biophysically based computer models members of Princeton’s department of could travel to other parts of the study could be made reliable enough to track the ecology and evolutionary biology, Nicholas area. Those aided Princeton’s Horn, movement of seeds and other biological School ecology professor Ram Oren and who had developed a device to selectively objects just like a camera traced the quirky Duke climate modeler and professor Roni release tagged seeds whenever wind speeds pirouettes of an airborne feather at the Avissar, W.H. Gardner Professor and were high. “The idea was that if we really beginning of the movie Forrest Gump. chair of the civil and environmental wanted to see how far seeds can go under Such models “can effectively incorporate engineering department at the Pratt strong winds, we’d like to drop seeds in key elements of aerial transport processes School of Engineering. those winds,” Katul recalls. at scales ranging from a few centimeters That paper, first-authored by Nathan, A technician collected and processed and fractions of seconds, to hundreds noted that “long-distance (seed) dispersal almost 5,000 seeds overall from five of kilometers and decades,” the authors is central to species expansion following different species—loblolly pine, poplar, wrote. climate change,” but added that “the sweetgum, American hornbeam and white current paradigm is that the frequency ash—collected during the autumn of the and spatial extent of long-distance year 2000. By having a good idea of where Monte Basgall is a senior writer with Duke’s Office dispersal events are extremely difficult to the seeds were released, and knowing of News and Communications and specializes in predict.” Actually, suggested the authors, where they were trapped on the tower, the science coverage. applying their mechanistic modeling researchers found that the degree of wind method to real experimental information turbulence in tree canopies plays a key can “provide accurate probabilistic role in seed dispersal. descriptions of long-distance dispersal of Seeds caught in the calmer regions seeds by wind.” lower in a canopy tended to travel shorter That paper “tried to establish a frame- distances. Conversely, long-distance work that demonstrates that seed dispersal travelers tend to get caught in stronger is not voodoo magic,” Katul says. “If you turbulences “that rapidly increase know the statistics of the wind, if you with increasing height,” the Nature w w w. know something about seed dislodging paper said. web sites to note mechanisms and tree canopy morphology Adding biology to the physics, the you can make some intelligent guesses paper also noted that while lighter seeds James Clark bio about how far the seeds will go.” tend to be the furthest uplifted and www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/clark.html The laboratory for this and similar dispersed, those also may be “less likely Clark lab site work is a 150-foot tower in Duke Forest to germinate and survive seedling www.biology.duke.edu/clarklab/ that Katul uses to study the interaction competition, making long-distance Gabriel Katul bio of atmospheric processes with the colonization more difficult.” www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/katul.html environment. He and his collaborators In an another study published in June Gabriele Hegerl bio festooned all altitudes of the tower 2005 in the Proceedings of the National Academy www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/hegerl.html with 102 hanging laundry baskets that of Sciences, Nathan and Katul draw from the served as traps for windblown seeds. same tower experiments to suggest that S PECIAL F EATURE the log

Summit Speakers Focus on Need for Consensus, Collaboration and Action on Environmental Issues

More than 400 scientists, policymakers and corporate and progress by fostering open, ongoing dialogue between stakeholders environmental leaders gathered at Duke University for the on all sides of the issues. inaugural summit of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental One of the summit’s highlights was the presentation of results Policy Solutions, Sept. 20-22. from a new national poll, commissioned by the institute, that “The most important word in the institute’s name is examined how voters’ environmental views affect—or don’t ‘Solutions,’” Tim Profeta, director of the institute, told affect—their voting decisions. participants and guests at the summit’s Wednesday evening gala Among other things, the poll found that although 79 percent at Cameron Indoor Stadium. of all voters support “stronger national standards to protect our “The environmental challenges facing society are great, but so, land, water and air,” only 22 percent said environmental concerns too, are the opportunities for solving them,” Profeta emphasized. played a major role in their recent voting. Designed to have a global reach, the Nicholas Institute unites Panelists at the summit joined with pollsters to discuss reasons the broad resources of the Nicholas School and the Duke for this discrepancy and how the survey’s findings can serve as a University community with the expertise of partners in industry, road map for the institute in its efforts to build consensus on government and environmental organizations. Its mission is to environmental issues. (See related story, page 8.) provide decision makers with independent, science-driven policy The need for consensus, collaboration and action on analysis and to break down the political barriers to environmental environmental issues was a recurring theme among summit speakers. q&a During the Environmental Summit, Tim Profeta, Nicholas Institute director, We all kind of gelled around the idea of creating something outside of the William Reilly, senior advisor, and Peter Nicholas, whose gift inspired the Nicholas School, yet a part of it. Something that drew on the strengths of the creation of the institute, talked about how it was formed, why we need the Nicholas School, and yet expressed those resources in a way that maybe might institute and what it will do next. Their comments are below: have been counterintuitive to the traditional academic process of creating and transmitting knowledge. … Q: I understand the original idea for institute was yours, I was curious about your inspiration. I think we discovered that we were beginning to talk about an organization that was going to bring science into the real world for the purposes of affecting Peter Nicholas: You really have to draw on a long history here to change, for using that knowledge. … It was going to be more about outreach, fully understand it and to appreciate that a lot of people here at Duke thought it was going to be more about advocacy; but not advocacy in terms of going out very hard about this, and when we got to the point that we had some good and railing on something, more in terms of advocating the use of science understanding and agreement, it became very clear that the way to do it was to more thoughtfully and the creation of alternative ways of thinking about create the institute. … It was not just waking up one night and saying, ‘Let’s solving problems. And it took several iterations over a several year period of have an institute.’ time, to figure out exactly how to do that.

Top row: Author Jared Diamond;Tim Profeta and William Reilly;Duke Provost Peter Lange;and Duke President Richard Brodhead Bottom Row: Brodhead;Environmental Survey Results Panel;Profeta

dukenvironment 6 In the summit’s opening keynote address Tuesday evening, Agency under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, said, Richard Osborne, group vice president for public and regulatory “It will be vital to engage as many constituencies as possible in an policy at Duke Energy, told a capacity crowd in Love Auditorium open, collaborative process of developing policy” if we hope to that “addressing climate change is a business imperative.” address the environmental challenges facing America today. Industry “must engage” with scientists and policymakers to He chided the current White House for its failure to promote work toward a “coordinated federal approach for reducing green- an open dialogue on global climate change and other key issues. house gas emissions from all sectors of the economy,” he said, “Cooperative private action,” Train stressed, “is not a replacement noting that in the absence of federal action, seven states have now for firm government leadership.” developed their own climate change policies. Jared Diamond, professor of geography at UCLA and the “This patchwork approach will create state-by-state chaos,” Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Osborne warned, “and it will have economic consequences.” Human Societies, said that finding solutions to the problems facing Industry-university initiatives such as the new Climate Change society today “will require detailed scientific information.” Policy Partnership, a collaboration between Duke Energy and three The Nicholas Institute can help address this need by providing Duke University environmental units—the Nicholas Institute, the unbiased, timely analysis on key environmental issues, not only Nicholas School and the Center on Global Change—can help fill at the federal level but for individual states as well, he said. the policy void and guide federal policymakers toward practical, Throughout the day Wednesday, scientists, policy analysts and effective solutions, he said. (See related story, page 45.) corporate leaders took part in sessions in which they identified and Wednesday’s keynote speakers at Geneen Auditorium in the prioritized key ecological and economic challenges facing society in Fuqua School of Business echoed Osborne’s call to action. six critical areas: energy, global climate change, environmental Russell Train, chairman emeritus of the World Wildlife Fund health, water quality, the health of oceans, and the health of forests and former administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection and wildlife habitats.

Q: Based on your personal experience, why do you think we need the Q: What direction will the institute take in the short run? Nicholas Institute? Tim Profeta: In the short-term, we want to inject the knowledge and William Reilly: Environmental policy, I think, has been stalemated capabilities of Duke University into the ongoing environmental policy for a number of years in the United States. … The approach to environmental debates. We are on the cusp of significant debates in areas such as oceans policy has involved polarized forces that are really talking over each other. To a policy, climate policy, and issues of national security and oil. We would like degree that has not really been true before. For the last five, I suppose eight years, to bring Duke into those debates by working with decisionmakers from there has been a gridlock on national policies affecting the environment. government, corporations, and the media to better understand the challenges, the trade-offs, and the possible solutions. I think what the Nicholas Institute offers is the chance to take the marvelous resources in all the disciplines and competences that a great research university, Q: And in the long run? and direct them at specific problems, at policies, that go beyond merely doing research, as important as it is to do research. Tim Profeta: At the same time that we are working on today’s preexisting debates, we want to take a longer view of the problems and analyze how we can

Top row: Gala photos and Peter Nicholas Bottom row: Duke Energy’s Richard Osborne;Publications Table;World Wildlife Fund’s Russell Train with Nicholas;J.K.,Peter and Ginny Nicholas

photos by Duke University Photography S PECIAL F EATURE the log

The afternoon’s presentations concluded with a plenary panel, “The Corporate Role in Environmental Stewardship.” James E. Rogers, president and chief executive officer of Cinergy, and Linda J. Fisher, vice president and chief sustainability officer at survey: DuPont, discussed changing attitudes toward stewardship in the Eight-in-10 Americans say they support corporate world and what their companies are doing to reduce pro-environmental policies, but a new their environmental footprints. national survey by the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions finds their —Tim Lucas,Nicholas School support often stops short of the ballot box. The survey suggests opportunities for how to address this disconnect. “These results are a wake-up call, but they also represent an important opportunity,” You can still participate in the Nicholas Institute’s said Tim Profeta, director of the Nicholas Environmental Summit Institute. “They help us understand what we need to do to build public consensus It’s not too late.You can still hear the keynote speakers and sit in on the and break down barriers to environmental panels of the Institute’s inaugural Environmental Summit. Just put progress. This is central to the mission of www.nicholas.duke.edu/summitcast into your Web browser and click the Nicholas Institute.” on the videos you want to view. The survey’s findings were announced by Profeta at a press briefing at the U.S. Senate on the opening day of the institute’s inaugural environmental summit in September. Profeta was joined by U.S. Sen. Joseph Lieberman (D-Conn.), U.S. Sen. q&a John McCain (R-Ariz.), William K. Reilly, fundamentally remake those debates. There are many issues facing the world Q: What is your reaction to the Institute’s Environmental Summit? right now where we are not on a sustainable path, and where we may soon bump up against the limitations of our resources, be they water or Peter Nicholas: From the minute I got on campus I had a palpable energy or habitat. We must find a way to reframe these questions in a way that sense that this was going to be great, but you don’t know. But having been make our decisionmakers understand the inevitability of our need to address through the morning session, and now the first two keynotes, and seeing the them, and that shows that there are ways forward that can fit within the crowd, the audience, who they are, and what their views of this, people evolution of our economy and society. nabbing me, giving me their cards. It has been wonderful, it really has been wonderful. … Everyone gets what this is all about. They aren’t coming here Q: Will you talk about the importance of the advisory board and what scratching their heads, wondering what this is all about. role it will play in the institute?

William Reilly: The advisory board will help bring the key stake- holders and the constituencies into the conversation . ... We really want to make sure that the most innovative and energetic and resourceful private enterprises see merit in what the institute is doing.

From left to right: Audience;William Reilly;Tim Profeta;Russell Train;Osborne and Nicholas School Dean William Schlesinger;Nicholas;Presentation of Hart-McInturff Environmental Survey;and International Climate Change Photo Exhibit dukenvironment 8 Why Pro-Environmental Views Don’t Always Translate Into Votes former EPA head and chair of the advisory Republicans and 85 percent of Democrats voters in Columbus, Ohio, and Knoxville, board of the Nicholas Institute, and Peter say they support stronger environmental Tenn. The survey results have a margin of Nicholas, chairman of Boston Scientific. standards. Yet, when it comes time to vote, error of plus or minus 3.46 percent. Profeta, Reilly and the pollsters also they rank the environment low on their list To read the white paper on the survey presented the findings of the survey during of priorities.” and the five reasons pollsters identified for the summit in Durham. In focus groups, the environment the disconnect, click on www.nicholas.duke. The survey of 800 registered voters found ranked last out of nine issues tested, both edu/ institute/projects.html. that 79 percent favored “stronger national as a vote qualifier and in terms of expressed The issue of trust—or lack of it— standards to protect our land, air and water,” personal importance to voters. The nine appeared to play a role in many voters’ with 40 percent strongly supporting it. issues, in order of their expressed impor- ambivalent attitudes toward environmental But only 22 percent said environmental tance, were: the economy and jobs; health problems. Only 19 percent said there are concerns have played a major role in care; Iraq; Social Security; terrorism; “a lot” of trustworthy sources of informa- determining whom they voted for in recent education; moral values; taxes; and the tion on environmental issues, while federal, state or local elections. environment. Only 10 percent of voters another 40 percent said there are “likely Even among self-described environ- identified the environment as one of their some trustworthy sources.” mentalists, only 39 percent could recall top concerns, compared to 34 percent for Voters generally viewed universities and an election in which a candidate’s environ- the economy and jobs. research institutes as the most credible mental stance was among the two or three The research was conducted for the sources of information and the least likely most important reasons why they voted for Nicholas Institute by Hart Associates to have hidden agendas or special interests. or against him or her. and Public Opinion Strategies. The “There is a clear disconnect here,” organization surveyed 800 registered voters Reilly said. “Seventy-four percent of nationwide and conducted focus groups of

A Silent Tsunami The Urgent Need for Clean Water and Sanitation

William K. Reilly & Harriet C. Babbitt

A report from a meeting sponsored by the Aspen Institute and the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions

Read A Silent Tsunami online at www.aspeninstitute.org/EEE/water and www.nicholas.duke.edu/institute/water S CHOOL N EWS the log

Schlesinger Reappointed Dean of the Nicholas School

William H. Schlesinger, dean of the the professional program. The 2005 ing,” Lange said. Nicholas School since 2001, has been entering class of 118 is one of the largest “Long an advocate of translating appointed to a second five-year term in the school’s history and demonstrates a scientific research for the public, he has as dean. 30 percent increase over four years ago. encouraged faculty to speak out when their Provost Peter Lange said he and President Annual fund giving is at its highest, having findings are relevant to societal problems,” Richard H. Brodhead were delighted to increased by 17 percent in 2003 and by Lange said. “He personally has written and welcome Schlesinger for another term and 10 percent in 2004. published numerous op-eds, testified looked forward to working with him and With the signing of the $70 million before Congress and given dozens of with the Nicholas School community to gift to the school from Peter and Ginny speeches across the country on environ- build on the school’s momentum for an Nicholas of Boston in December 2003, mental issues,” he said. even brighter future. Schlesinger has been able to push ahead “As president of the Ecological Society “Since taking the helm in July 2001, with the plans for a new building that will of America from 2003 to 2004, Bill took Bill has shown himself to be a strong leader bring the Durham units of the school the opportunity to close his term with a with clear goals and an ambitious vision for together and to oversee the creation of the speech asking his colleagues to join him by the Nicholas School,” Lange said. “He has new Nicholas Institute for Environmental taking their research beyond the confines worked to build enrollment in the Master Policy Solutions. The series of environmental of academia. His talents have not gone of Environment Management/Master advertorials that have run this year on the unrecognized: in 2003 he was elected to the of Forestry program, to increase giving, op-ed pages of the New York Times and that National Academy of Sciences,” Lange said. to further unify the school’s different Schlesinger championed to herald the “I appreciate this vote of confidence in divisions and programs, and to raise its launch of the Nicholas Institute “have my leadership as we carry the Nicholas national visibility.” given the school unprecedented national School to its next level where our excellent During his tenure, the Nicholas School exposure and are a vanguard of the kind science has maximum impact on policy,” has seen a steady increase in enrollment in of outreach the Institute will be conduct- Schlesinger said.

Biologist James S. Clark Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences

James S. Clark, H.L. Blomquist Professor of Biology at the Nicholas Ecology at the Nicholas School, was elected a Fellow. School, has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts Clark is widely cited for his research on biodiversity, global change and Sciences. Clark, an expert on how global changes affects forests ecology, global climate change, earth surface processes and terrestrial and grasslands, was one of 196 scientists, scholars, artists, statesmen ecosystems. Recent studies of his refute the widely held theory that and entrepreneurs elected as Fellows this year. trees can “relocate” quickly in response to sudden climate change The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is an independent (see related story, page 2). Other recent studies of his have suggested policy research center that conducts interdisciplinary studies on that droughts like the Great Dust Bowl of the 1930s may have science and international security, social policy, education and the occurred more frequently and lasted longer in prehistoric times. humanities. Founded in 1780 by John Adams, James Bowdoin, Clark has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles and is John Hancock and other scholar-patriots, it has elected as Fellows “the the recipient of numerous research awards, including the Ecological finest minds and most influential leaders of each succeeding generation.” Society of America’s William Skinner Cooper Award in 1988 and its Last year, Stuart L. Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Conservation George Mercer Award in 1991.

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Construction has begun on the Duke Joseph S. Ramus, research professor of Construction University Marine Laboratory’s new $2.2 biological oceanography, is the principal million Ocean Science Teaching Center. investigator on the NSF grant. Begins on Ocean “We’re well on our way to making this The new center also has received its first Science Teaching long-needed facility a reality for our gift of marine art, to be displayed in the students, faculty and community,” says commons area looking out over the Rachel Center Michael K. Orbach, director of the Marine Carson Estuarine Research Reserve. Lab and professor of the practice in marine Michael W. Peelle T’96 has donated a affairs and policy. “We signed a contract free-standing bronze sculpture, Amongst with the builder, Joyce & Associates of the Coral, created by his grandfather, the Carteret County, and work already has noted Hungarian-born impressionist begun at the site.” George Gach. The four-and-a-half-foot- Construction should be completed by tall sculpture depicts fish in a coral reef late spring of 2006, Orbach says. environment. Peelle spent a semester at the The 5,600-square-foot center, to be Marine Lab in 1994. Gach was one of the located at the point of Pivers Island, will be 20th century’s most prolific artists. He the first new academic building constructed created more than 1,400 bronze sculptures on the Beaufort campus in 30 years and and 997 paintings between 1952 and 1996. the Marine Lab’s first totally “green” His work is displayed in museums, private building. Thanks to a grant from the collections and galleries worldwide. Wallace Genetic Foundation, it has been The new Ocean Science Teaching designed to the highest standards for energy Center will be named in honor of Randall and environmental efficiency adopted by Repass, chairman of West Marine Inc. of the U.S. Green Building Council. Watsonville, Calif., and his wife, Sally- When completed, it will greatly expand Christine Rodgers, pending approval of the Marine Lab’s teaching capacity and the Duke University Board of Trustees. Last enhance its capabilities for public outreach year, Repass and Rodgers gave $2.3 million and education. The center will house a to the Nicholas School to help fund the teaching laboratory; a televideo-capable center and create a new University lecture hall for team teaching and distance Professorship in Marine Conservation education; interpretive educational Technology at the Marine Lab. displays; and spaces for social interactions, In accordance with LEED (Leadership exhibits of marine art, and community in Energy and Environmental Design) outreach. standards, the center will incorporate green “We’ve just received a three-year, technologies such as solar and geothermal $160,000 grant from the National Science energy, and sustainable materials such as Foundation to outfit these areas with the bamboo paneling and concrete made from latest teaching and research technologies, fly ash. including a state-of-the-art televideo sys- tem for distance education,” Orbach says. —Tim Lucas,Nicholas School

photos of Amongst the Coral courtesy of Michael Peele S CHOOL N EWS the log

Top Conservation Science Students Gather at Duke

More than 100 college students from North, Central and South Presentation topics included forest fragmentation, endangered America took part in the 2005 Student Conference on Conservation and threatened species, invasive species, coral reef conservation, Science, held for the first time this spring at Duke University. marine fisheries, remote sensing technologies and conservation The conference aimed to overcome the geographic and policy and management. economic barriers that separate students to create a hemisphere- In addition to student presentations, the conference featured wide network of future conservation scientists, said Luke Dollar, lectures by five of conservation science’s biggest names: Paul Ehrlich, a doctoral student at Nicholas School “Oxy was pleased to be a part. It was especially director of Stanford University’s Center who spearheaded the event. rewarding to interact with our student scholarship for Conservation Biology; Stuart L. Pimm, “We brought together Americas’ next recipients.Their enthusiasm was contagious and it is Doris Duke Professor of Conservation generation of environmental leaders to our hope that they will leverage the knowledge and Ecology at the Nicholas School; Daniel share our findings, broaden our hori- contacts from the conference into valuable Simberloff, director of the University zons and form professional friendships environmental benefits in their home countries.” of Tennessee’s Institute for Biological that can lead to future collaborations.” Jan Sieving of Occidental Petroleum Invasions; John Terborgh, James B. Duke The Nicholas School hosted and Professor of Environmental Science at co-sponsored the event. Sponsorships by the Occidental the Nicholas School and director of Duke’s Center for Tropical Petroleum Corp. funded full scholarships that enabled students from Conservation; and David Wilcove, professor of ecology and evolutionary Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica and other developing biology at Princeton University. countries to attend and present at the conference, and the Ford Plans are under way to bring the conference to Duke again in March Foundation provided travel funds. 2006. Check out www.nicholas.duke.edu/sccs for more information. in brief Article by Lincoln Pratson Reprinted in Special Issue of Scientific American An article by Nicholas School faculty member Lincoln F.Pratson,associate professor of sedimentary geology, was reprinted this summer in a special issue of the popular science magazine Scientific American called “Our Nicholas School’s Pimm and Salzman Ever Changing World.” Participate in Symposium Honoring The article,“Panoramas of the Seafloor,”was one of 12 articles about earth sciences that were chosen by the Science’s 125th Anniversary magazine’s editors for the special issue because of outstanding content and continuing popularity with maga- zine readers.Originally published in June 1997,the article details the use of modern sonar technologies to Two faculty members at the Nicholas School took part map the U.S.continental margins,and to reveal the varied scenery that’s usually hidden underwater.William F. in a high-profile symposium on the future of science, Haxby,a research scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory,was co-author. organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to celebrate the 125th anniversary of Science magazine,which AAAS publishes. The symposium,“An Examination of the Unknowns that Nature Paper by Schlesinger Named One of Environmental Science’s Most Influential Articles Will Drive Science in the Future,”was held in July at AAAS headquarters in Washington,D.C. Stuart L. A Nature article on carbon sequestration by William H.Schlesinger,dean of the Nicholas School and James Pimm,Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology, B.Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry,has been named one of the most influential papers in the field of and James Salzman,professor of environmental law environmental sciences. and policy,took part in a panel discussion on sustainable development.They were among only a dozen or so According to Essential Science Indicators,an online tracking database of scientific literature,Schlesinger’s researchers nationwide who were asked to participate in article,“Limited Carbon Storage in Soil and Litter of Experimental Forest Plots Under Increased Atmospheric the symposium,which featured panel discussions on the CO2,”has been cited 81 times since its publication on May 24,2001. nature of the cosmos;memories,consciousness and human life;and genes,proteins and disease. That places it in the top 1 percent of all peer-reviewed studies in its field.John Lichter,assistant professor of biology and environmental studies at Bowdoin College,was co-author.Their article,considered a seminal work in the study of carbon sequestration,was the first to call into question the role of forest soils as long-term carbon sinks.

dukenvironment 12 Eight Nicholas School Students Named 2005-06 Doris Duke Conservation Fellows

Analie Barnett of Krum,Texas;conservation science and policy;Conservation Eight students at the Nicholas School have been named 1 Trust for North Carolina. 2005-2006 Doris Duke Conservation Fellows. Doris Duke Conservation Fellowships are awarded to Sarah Borchelt of Santa Cruz,Calif.;coastal environmental management;NOAA graduate students who show outstanding promise as future leaders 2 Coastal Services Center (South Carolina). in nonprofit or governmental conservation in the United States. To date, fellowships have been awarded to 64 Nicholas School Holly Fling of Jacksonville,Fla.;environmental economics and policy;U.S. students who are pursuing Master of Environmental Management 3 Geological Survey (Florida). or Master of Forestry degrees. Selected by the school, fellows receive up to $30,000 to support tuition, a public sector domestic conservation internship, and educational loan Liz Forwand of Cambridge,Mass.;conservation science and policy;collaborative repayment for fellows who pursue nonprofit or public sector 4 project between the Sonoran Institute,the Wildlife Conservation Society,Montana conservation careers. State University,the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Gallatin County Planning Created in 1996, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Department (Montana). based in New York City, seeks to improve the quality of people’s lives by preserving natural environments, nurturing the arts, Jordan Golinkoff of Wilmington,Del.;conservation science and policy and seeking cures for disease and helping to protect children from 5 forest resource management;Garcia River Forest (California). abuse and neglect. This year’s fellows are listed here along with their program of Regan Lyons of Darien,Conn.;ecosystems science and management;Wildlife study at the Nicholas School and their internship organization. 6 Conservation Society (Montana).

of Youngstown,Ohio;environmental economics and policy; —Katherine Jennrich MEM’07 Becca Madsen 7 Environmental Defense (North Carolina).

John Tynan of Signal Mountain,Tenn.;environmental health and security;Friends 8 of the Reedy River (South Carolina).

Nicholas School Web Site Wins National Gold Medal

The Nicholas School Web site (www.nicholas.duke.edu) won a prestigious national CASE Gold Medal in the 2005 Circle of Excellence Web site competition.

Two gold medals,one silver and three bronze were awarded out of 110 entries.Cited were Scottee Cantrell,Nicholas School assistant dean for marketing and communications,Amy Chapman Braun,designer, Stephanie Thirolle,Webmaster,and Lacey Chylack,designer.Braun,who is now with the Nicholas School,and Chylack both worked for Duke Health System’s Office of Creative Services at the time the site was created.

The Council for the Advancement and Support of Education is the interna- tional association of professionals who advance educational institutions. S CHOOL N EWS the log

Nicholas School Purchases Renewable Energy Certificates to Offset Use of Fossil Fuels

To demonstrate of its commitment to environmental stewardship, the Nicholas School has purchased $19,718 of renewable energy certificates to offset its use of electricity generated from fossil fuels. “Buying these certificates is a way of putting our money where our mouth is,” says William H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School. “It ensures that the energy our school takes from the national power grid to run classrooms, labs and offices is being replaced with an equivalent amount of clean, renewable energy.” The school bought the certificates this summer from Gray County Wind Farm, the largest wind farm in Kansas. Renewable energy certificates are credits that individuals, institutions or businesses can buy to compensate for the amount of nonrenewable, greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels they burn in their vehicles, homes, offices or other facilities. Buying the certificates helps subsidize the cost for a wind farm, solar farm or other renewable energy producer to generate an equivalent amount of clean energy and put it back into the national power grid, Schlesinger explains. But you’re not buying the energy itself; you’re buying the attributes of the energy. “The certificates represent the desirable environmental outcomes, such as reduced carbon dioxide emissions, that are achieved when the energy is produced using renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels,” he explains. “It sounds complex,” he admits, “but the bottom line for most energy users is pretty simple: Buying these certificates is an easy way to offset the amount of greenhouse gas emissions their energy use has caused.” The Nicholas School’s purchase of the wind power certificates compensates for the estimated amount of electricity used last year at the school’s facilities in Durham and at the Duke University Marine Laboratory in Beaufort, N.C. “All told, we’re offsetting about 16.5 million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions,” says Becca Ryals, a second-year Master of Environmental Management student who worked with school administrators, staff members and student groups to spearhead the purchase. “That’s equivalent to taking about 1,500 gas-powered cars off the road for a year.” Ryals says the idea to buy the certificates grew, in part, out of Nicholas School students’ involvement in the Duke University Greening Initiative (DUGI), a project aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability campuswide. After conducting a survey this summer that showed 92 percent of Nicholas School students supported the purchase of renewable energy certificates from the school’s discretionary fund, Ryals and other students from DUGI, the Nicholas School Student Advisory Committee and the Energy Club met with Schlesinger and school staff members to suggest the purchase.

photo by Derrick Hood

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SPECIAL AWARDS Future Goals: “I’m interested in environmental geology, specifically helping communities prepare, predict and cope with natural Recognize 2005 Grads disasters and other issues relating to the earth and oceans, i.e. clean drinking water, safe air. I’m really just very interested in Virlis L. Fischer Award—Goes to the gradu- helping people.” ating professional degree student with the highest academic achievement. Given by Bernice Fisher in memory of her husband. Recipient: Sarah Chamberlin U.S. Forest Service Science Award—Given Hometown: Boston, Mass.; Major: MEM, annually to students who have demonstrated Conservation Science and Policy; Activities at Duke: vice chair, outstanding achievements in mathematics student chapter, Society of American Foresters; summer and science. internship with The Nature Conservancy, Oak Ridge National Recipient:William Leonard Reynolds Laboratory; Awards/Honors: Christensen Scholarship, Doris Duke Hometown: Culpeper, Va.; Major: B.S. Fellow; Post-Graduation Destination: Starting in July, working as a Environmental Science and Policy, and B.S. Earth and Ocean GIS (Geographic Information Systems) analyst for National Sciences; Awards/Honors: Stanback Internship with N.C. WARN Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Fisheries West Idaho (Waste Awareness and Reduction Network); Activities at Duke: ski Habitat Branch in Boise, Idaho; Master’s Project: Evaluation of the team, summer in Beaufort, semester in Australia; Post-Graduation Fragmentation Effects of Pine Conversion on the Deciduous Destination: “I’ll be moving to Seattle, Wash., to work in the Forest Habitat of the Cumberland Plateau environmental field while deciding exactly what I want to pursue.”; Future Goals: “I would like to enter into the technical side of environmental management and planning, possibly environmental Sara LaBoskey Award—Given in recognition or civil engineering with a focus on sustainability.” of personal integrity and academic excellence. Recipient: Caroline Elisabeth Paulsen Hometown: Charlotte, N.C.; Major: A.B. Thomas V.Laska Memorial Award—Given by Environmental Sciences and Policy, and the Earth and Ocean Sciences faculty to the Spanish Studies; Activities at Duke: Women’s most outstanding senior major. Club Lacrosse, Project WILD backpacking organization, Kappa Recipient: David Andrew Lewis Alpha Theta, waitress at Blue Corn Café; Awards/Honors: Magna Hometown: Gettysburg, Pa.; Major: B.S. Earth Cum Laude; Post-Graduation Destination: “I’ll be working with and Ocean Sciences, and Public Policy Dr. Marie Lynn Miranda’s group as a research technician with Studies; Activities at Duke: research intern, Program for the Study Children’s Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) at the Nicholas of Developed Shorelines; volunteer, Durham City Parks; peer School”; Future Goals: “In March or April, after concluding my tutor; associate editor, Duke Chronicle; IM Softball Champs 2003; time with CEHI, I will begin doing research in Nicaragua with student assistant manager, Duke varsity football team; Jeffrey McCrary, an adjunct professor with Virginia Tech, studying Awards/Honors: Benensen Award in the Arts; Graduation with an invasive fish species in Lake Atoya.” Distinction; Post-Graduation Destination: “Summer in Northern Ireland, backpacking, hiking and research in collaboration with Dr. Orrin Pilkey. In the fall, I will work for the Southern Environmental Law Center as a GIS associate.”; Future Goals: Estwing Award—Given in recognition of “I am interested in pursuing a degree and a career in either outstanding achievement in the earth and land-use/transportation policy or energy geology. Through a ocean sciences. combination of research and advocacy, I would like to work towards Recipient: Sarah Elizabeth Ogburn applying alternative energies towards reducing landscape pressures. Hometown: Louisville, Ky.; Major: B.S. Earth I’m also interested in coastal geology and development policy.” and Ocean Sciences, and B.A. Biological Anthropology and Anatomy; Activities at Duke: Co-manager of student-run Duke Coffeehouse; spent a summer in South Africa on paleoanthropological dig; Awards/Honors: Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Eta Sigma, Dean’s list each semester; Post-Graduation Destination: “Taking time off from school to work, but looking into the Peace Corps (specifically their master’s International Program). I’m also working for EOS in the rock lab preparing samples.”; S CHOOL N EWS the log

Nicholas School Researchers Amass GIS Data to Aid Analysis of Katrina’s Health, Environmental Effects

Nicholas School environmental scientists alumna Sharon Edwards. be sources of potent neurotoxins and are amassing large overlays of Geographical GIS technology combines various kinds neurodevelopmental toxins,” Di Giulio Information System (GIS) data for a Web of maps, satellite images and other infor- said. “There could also be concerns about site that public health and environmental mation to provide investigators insights radioactive materials and chemicals from experts will use to assess effects of and connections that might not be recog- flooded hospitals.” Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and nized if the components were considered Di Giulio enlisted Miranda and her elsewhere in the stricken Gulf region. separately. Another advantage is that the colleagues following conference calls That information includes “flooded information is all spatially referenced, involving all 20 university-based areas, the locations of medical facilities, meaning that all the information is con- Superfund Centers, which do basic police stations, fire stations and industrial nected to a particular geographic location. research into the effects and detection facilities, warehouses that might be flooded Miranda’s involvement resulted from of toxic chemicals covered by the federal out, agricultural operations, refineries and a conference call with officials at the Superfund Act in coordination with oil pipelines, among other things,” said National Institute of Environmental the NIEHS. project leader Marie Lynn Miranda. Health Sciences (NIEHS) in Research “Dr. Miranda is organizing non-confi- “There’s just layer upon layer of different Triangle Park, who are creating the Web dential information that’s already out kinds of data that, when geographically site as part of its initial response to a there on the Web or through other kinds correlated, could aid assessment of hazards national effort to assess the large array of data sources,” said Bill Suk, who directs and the process of recovery,” she said. of potential toxic contaminants in the NIEHS’s Superfund Basic Research Miranda, associate research professor, floodwaters. Program as well as its Center for Risk and is a principal investigator and does GIS Among the layers of relevant data, said Integrative Sciences. mapping for mercury at Duke’s Superfund Richard Di Giulio, professor of environ- “It’s an incredible amount of data that’s Basic Research Center. She also directs the mental toxicology, “are effects that might coming in,” Suk added. “All the data is Children’s Environmental Health be associated with oil refinery petrochemi- already out there, but it’s never been put Initiative, which uses GIS technology to cals—compounds like hydrocarbons for together and integrated in this way. So this help authorities evaluate childhood expo- which cancer is sometimes a major, long- is a resource that is very valuable.” sures to various contaminants in North term health hazard.” Di Giulio directs Researchers from Columbia University, Carolina. Duke’s Superfund Basic Research Center. the University of Kentucky, San Diego The Katrina data are being integrated “Pesticide chemical companies down State University and the Research Triangle by Miranda’s GIS programmer, Duke there, depending on what they make, could Institute have all sent layers to be added to

From left to right Ship Island,Miss.:Undeveloped barrier island in the Gulf Island National Seashore; Gulfport,Miss.:Debris consisting of kraft paper,shipping containers and building material; Bay St.Louis,Miss.:A destroyed train trestle crossing St.Louis Bay; Waveland,Miss.:The steeple of a church is all that remains; Bay St.Louis,Miss.: Concrete foundations and some pilings is all that remains of these house; Ship Island,Miss.:Undeveloped barrier island in the Gulf Island National Seashore photos by Andrew S. Coburn MEM’93, PSDS

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Get a Birds-Eye View on Katrina Damage

Check out Andrew S. Coburn’s Gulf Coast digital aerial Katrina photos at www.nicholas.duke.edu/psds/katrina.htm. (see story below)

the GIS project being compiled at Duke. attempting to analyze health data on people then we can start developing some long- After the overlaid GIS information is from the area who have been scattered range research projects that could fully made interactive with help from a super- through various refuge centers in Texas. evaluate whether or not there are going to computer at San Diego State University, “The GIS system that we’re developing be any potential health consequences down the data will be used in the field to aid should help explain what they might have the road,” Suk said. environmental and health investigators, been exposed to,” he added. Suk said. “If we could backtrack and develop a For example, Suk said he understood listing of those people, where they lived —Monte Basgall,Duke News & Communications that the Centers for Disease Control is and what they were potentially exposed to,

Coburn Documents Hurricane Damage Along the Gulf Coast

When the winds of Hurricane Katrina had barely died down, the out and document post-storm impacts before people go in and Nicholas School’s Andrew S. Coburn chartered a plane and flew start cleaning up and putting things back the way they were.” over devastated portions of Alabama and Mississippi, taking The photos propelled Coburn and Young into the pages of hundreds of digital photos. Coburn MEM’93, associate director of the New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Sun-Times, Houston the Duke University Program for the Study of Developed Chronicle, and numerous broadcast programs, and Coburn was Shorelines (PSDS), traveled to the Gulf Coast with Robert S. featured as Tar Heel of the Week in a Raleigh News and Observer Young PhD’95, an associate professor of geology at Western story that focused largely on the Katrina photographs. Carolina University, Coburn and his colleagues will use the images to assess pat- The photos show entire neighborhoods of houses that have terns of property damage, identify beach and shoreline impacts been stripped to their foundations. A bridge that has been and monitor what happens to a beach and shoreline during the reduced to a series of pylons jutting from the water, without a months and years after the storm.While the photos document roadbed. Cars piled up like toys.Trees denuded of leaves. horrific destruction, one thing Coburn looks for is those places Highways choked with sand. And occasionally, entire stretches in where little damage occurred. One of his aims is to discover which buildings survived, seemingly unscathed. what might be protecting some parts of the developed coast- According to Coburn, it was critically important to get the line from hurricanes’effects. photographs as soon as possible after the storm.“Impacts are The PSDS was established by Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Duke ephemeral, and we feel it is critical to have a permanent record Professor Emeritus of Geology, who serves as its director. of what actually occurred on the ground,”he said.“We try to get —Lisa M. Dellwo S CHOOL N EWS the log Karson Revisits ‘Lost City’ Through a Virtual Cruise

Jeffrey A. Karson, professor of geology, participated in a precedent-setting 10-day “virtual cruise” to the newly discovered Lost City hydrothermal vent field of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge beginning in July. Karson and Research Associate Nick Hayman were part of an interdisciplinary team of researchers comprised of 21 scientists, graduate students and undergraduates participating from command centers at the University of Washington, the University of Rhode Island and on the NOAA (National Oceanic Atmospheric Administation) ship Ronald H. Brown thousands of miles away at sea, via telepresence. Seafloor exploration of the hydrothermal vent field was conducted using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) launched and controlled from the ship. Principal investigator Robert Ballard, URI professor of oceanography, communicated shipboard to Chief Scientist Deborah Kelly, stationed at a specially designed command post in Seattle, where Karson and Hayman also were stationed. While scientists watched the underwater explorations from the ship, live video and data were transmitted via satellite and the Internet to the land-based command posts, making it possible for shorebound scientists to observe and participate in real time.Live broadcasts of the satellite images were available from the partnering Web sites making field study of the Lost City cruise acces- sible for educators and students anywhere on Earth.

—Donna Picard,Nicholas School photos courtesy of University Washington

Emily Klein Appointed as Nicholas School’s Senior Associate Dean

Emily M. Klein, Lee Hill Klein joined Duke University in 1989 as assistant professor of Snowden Professor of geology, geology after completing her doctoral studies at Lamont-Doherty has been named senior associate Geological Observatory of Columbia University. She also holds a dean of the Nicholas School. Master of Science degree in geology from Columbia, and a Klein’s responsibilities will Bachelor of Arts in English from Barnard College. include directing the Nicholas She was promoted to the rank of associate professor of geology School’s undergraduate initia- at the Nicholas School in 1996, and full professor in 2005. She tives and overseeing the design assumed additional responsibilities as the director of undergraduate and construction of the new programs in 2004. Earlier this year, she was named Lee Hill building that will house both Snowden Professor, Bass Society of Fellows. the school and the Nicholas A prolific and widely cited author on the geochemistry of ocean Institute for Environmental ridge basalts, Klein is the recipient of numerous professional Policy Solutions. awards and honors, including a National Science Foundation “Faculty, students and staff all Young Investigator Award and the F.W. Clarke Medal from the know and respect Emily for her Geochemical Society. exemplary work to understand the geochemistry of the oceanic crust, “There’s so much going on in the Nicholas School right now,” her longtime interest in improving undergraduate teaching at Duke, Klein said. “The new focus on energy and the environment, plan- and her participation in many Nicholas School activities,” said ning a new green building, working to develop a synergistic rela- Dean William H. Schlesinger. tionship between the school and the new Nicholas Institute—all of these open up new avenues, and I’m thrilled to be a part of it.”

dukenvironment 18 S CHOOL N EWS

Marine Lab Cook Receives Duke’s Highest Employee Honor

The Duke Marine Lab’s head cook, in a mixed-culture situation where I was “That’s one of the things I’ve always Sylvester “Sly” Murray, received Duke’s involved with people from all over the loved about my job,” he said. “I never really highest employee honor, the Presidential world. I was seeing know how the day is Award. He was one of four Duke employees things from another going to unfold.” cited by President Richard H. Brodhead point of view, expe- Murray researches earlier this year and presented a plaque and riencing how other recipes for vegetarians a check for $1,000. people think and and adjusts his baking “The Presidential Awards celebrate a live their lives. I to accommodate handful of employees whose service shows knew there was a vegans. He has taken in the highest degree the qualities Duke chance to learn and courses at different values in all employees,” Brodhead said. grow from that. It culinary schools and made a big impact said he has learned Here is Murray’s story: on me when I from every chef who was 18.” has passed through While on vacation in Mexico, Dominick Murray’s first his kitchen. Dietary Brugnolotti stopped by a bank in Cozumel position at the lab needs, culinary wearing his Duke Marine Lab t-shirt. The was in housekeeping, styles and available bank’s vice president, a Duke alumnus, but when the dining hall opened full-time, ingredients change continuously. spotted the t-shirt and asked, “Do you the head cook needed an assistant. Murray, “A doctor never stops learning new know Sly?” who had worked in restaurants in high things,” he said. “I approach cooking the Sly would be Sylvester “Sly” Murray, school, was offered the job. same way. I don’t look at it as a job; I see it the head cook at Duke’s Marine Lab in “It was the last thing I thought I’d be as taking care of people.” Beaufort, N.C., and if it’s stretching the doing after high school,” he said. But he One of his co-workers estimated that truth to say he’s world-famous, it is true was a quick study, and learned how to take Murray has cooked 38,800-some-odd that he’s well known for making the lives over any task from the cook, who had meals over the past 30 years. He takes it as a of Marine Lab employees and visitors health problems. The first time the cook point of pride to cook a meal that will take better, one meal at a time. This year Duke wasn’t able to make it in, staff and students the stress off students and researchers at the recognized his stopped by the end of the day. contributions by dining hall, offering When he’s not in the kitchen, Murray conferring on him to help. is penning short stories and novels. His the Presidential “I thought, cookbook, Home Boy Cookbook, has sold more Award. Brugnolotti, ‘Nobody thinks I than 10,000 copies. assistant director can do this.’ They Receiving the Presidential Award won’t of auxiliary services were looking at a kid change the way Murray does his work. “The on the Beaufort alone in the cafeteria, award is motivation to keep on doing what I campus, was among and they were do, day in and day out,” he said. those who nominated worried about me,” Murray for Duke’s Murray said. “I love —From Duke News & Communications reports highest award. challenges, so as “He’s an institution here,” Brugnolotti soon as it turned into that, I snapped to it.” said. The lasagna dinner he fixed turned Murray, who has lived all his life on the out just fine, and his culinary career eastern shore of North Carolina, said the was launched. international community of visitors at the Over the years, the challenges kept Marine Lab has kept him there for the past coming. Murray might have only 13 30 years. people to cook for at one meal and 130 He started work at the Marine Lab the next. At times, he has had the kitchen part-time while he took classes at a polished down and was on his way out the community college. Through interacting door when he received word that a tour with the international students and group of 70 would arrive for dinner in researchers, he said, “All of a sudden, I was 20 minutes. R ESEARCH feature

Working to SLOWthe Frightful Pace of EXTINCTION

MARINE LAB’S KAREN AND SCOTT ECKERT MAKE IT THEIR PERSONAL by Tim Lucas endangered species must have declined by to rebound. Two of the most successful at least 80 percent. recoveries are taking place on the islands The six species of sea turtles that call the “It would be a tragedy for these species of Antigua and Trinidad, where govern- turquoise waters of the Caribbean Sea home to have come safely through the eons only ment agencies, beachfront property have survived disasters, plagues and to succumb on our watch to dangers that owners, fishermen and other local predators for more than 100 million years. are almost entirely manageable,” says stakeholders have worked together with Endowed with natural armor, long Karen L. Eckert, assistant research WIDECAST to develop policies and lifespans, and hydrodynamic bodies scientist at the Nicholas School and an practices that protect the turtles while capable of swimming long stretches, internationally recognized expert on respecting the rights and unique cultures they’ve been able to outdistance, out-dive marine turtle conservation policy. of the islands’ human residents. or simply outlast the dangers nature’s Since 1989, Eckert has served as “Like politics, all conservation is dished out. They even survived the extinction executive director of the Wider Caribbean local,” Eckert says. “We can prevent the of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDE- extinction of these six species if we stop But now, there’s widespread concern CAST), the world’s oldest, largest and pointing the finger of blame at local that the combined pressures of poaching, most active regional sea turtle research and residents engaged in outdated hunting or fisheries by-catch, habitat destruction and conservation network, now based at the land-use practices, and extend them a other modern human activities may do Duke University Marine Laboratory in hand instead, so they become part of a what asteroids and hurricanes couldn’t. Beaufort, N.C. more sustainable landscape.” Populations of loggerhead, “On some beaches where thousands “You can’t manage turtles in isolation leatherback, hawksbill, Kemp’s ridley, of sea turtles once crawled ashore to nest, from their environment,” agrees Eckert’s olive ridley and green sea turtles have we now count them in the hundreds, the husband, Scott A. Eckert, also an assistant declined sharply since World War II. All dozens, or less,” she says. “We have not research scientist at the Nicholas School. six species are now classified as endangered only watched their numbers decline, but “Sea turtle conservation is equally about by the IUCN World Conservation Union. also their geographic range. Hundreds of preserving coastal habitats and empowering Three of them—the hawksbill, Kemp’s beaches that once supported sea turtle the people who live there.” ridley and leatherback—are critically nesting no longer do.” For nearly 25 years, the Eckerts have ded- endangered. According to IUCN criteria, The situation is grave, Eckert stresses, icated their careers to doing precisely that. species are classified as endangered if they but it’s far from hopeless. Working amid overflowing piles of have declined by at least 50 percent over After years of decline, some of the papers and e-mails in their book-lined the last three generations. Critically Caribbean’s turtle colonies are beginning offices on the first floor of the Marine

dukenvironment 20 MISSION TO TAKE SEA TURTLE CONSERVATION TO THE LOCAL LEVEL

Lab’s Bookhout Building, they coordinate territory, we can do this much better than WIDECAST was chartered in 1981 WIDECAST’s research, training and a centralized bureaucracy ever could.” by one of Karen’s most important early conservation initiatives in 45 countries More than a dozen Nicholas School mentors, environmentalist Milton and territories in the Caribbean and parts doctoral and Master of Environment Kaufmann of the conservation group of Central and South America. Management students currently work with Monitor International. The fledgling Scott, a conservation biologist widely The Eckerts on WIDECAST projects. network soon became a partner organiza- cited for his pioneering research on turtle Hundreds more have benefited from their tion of the United Nations Environment ecology, physiology and microelectronic experience and expertise through the Programme. At the time, few nations in tracking technologies, is WIDECAST’s graduate and undergraduate classes they the Caribbean region had active programs director of science. teach at the Marine Lab. for sea turtle management or conservation, “One of the biggest challenges for “Scott and Karen are superb teachers. and virtually all were hamstrung by a weak scientists and policymakers alike,” he says, They bring to the classroom a wonderful and largely obsolete regulatory framework. “is that sea turtles don’t recognize national combination of good science, good policy Today, Karen notes with pride, every borders. They recognize nesting beaches and very strong community involvement,” country in the region is part of the WIDE- and foraging grounds. Their migrations says Michael K. Orbach, director of the CAST network. Most have active manage- can zigzag back and forth through inter- Marine Lab and professor of the practice ment programs that focus on at least one national waters to beaches and coastal of marine affairs and policy. “Students important turtle nesting or foraging waters in dozens of countries,” each with really pick up on this. They come away ground, and more than half of them have its own conservation and enforcement with a deeper understanding that this is enacted short- or long-term moratoria on policies, its own economic context, and the best way to do conservation.” turtle harvests while turtle population its own cultural attitudes about sea turtle The Eckerts operate WIDECAST on a assessments are undertaken. As a result, management, including turtle-meat modest annual budget of less than the Caribbean is the only region on Earth consumption. $500,000, which they raise themselves, in where endangered turtle populations are “The trick is to come up with a addition to fulfilling their other teaching, once again rising. cohesive regionwide approach that can advising and research responsibilities at “A big part of our success, I think, be individualized to address site-specific the Nicholas School. is that we train our network’s country circumstances and cultures,” he says. “The Their limited financial resources belie coordinators and volunteers in scientific strength of WIDECAST is that by working the big impact their volunteer network methodology and provide them with through a network of local partners and has had on sea turtle conservation in accurate, up-to-date management field coordinators in each country and the region. information they can use to develop

From left to right Hawksbill sea turtle silhouetted against the sky (Sulu Sea,N.Mindinao,Philippines); Green sea turtle prepares a nesting sight (Sandy Point,St.Croix,USVI); Leatherback sea turtle surfaces to breath (Monterey Bay,Calif.); Handful of hawkbill hatchlings.(Sandy Point,St.Croix,USVI); Loggerhead sea turtle eggs,dropping into nest cavity (Little Cumberland Island,GA.); An olive ridley hatchling crawls to the ocean (Baja California Sur,Mexico). photos by Scott Eckert R ESEARCH

conservation programs geared to local of land in the Leeward Islands that is home recruitment and survivorship, and investi- circumstances,” she says. “We don’t do the to one of the region’s best-studied colonies gations into the genetic relationships work for them, we enable them to do it of critically endangered hawksbill turtles. between this small colony and others in for themselves.” In Antigua and elsewhere, hawksbills the region.” In the past five years, local WIDE- have been decimated by poaching—their This information is now being used to CAST partner organizations have trained shells once were highly prized for making develop hawksbill management practices more than 1,000 conservation profes- “tortoiseshell” jewelry—and by the degra- on a regional scale, he says. sionals, including marine park managers, dation or loss of offshore coral reefs and In Trinidad, WIDECAST is working community leaders, fisheries and wildlife beachfront nesting habitats. closely with government, fishermen and officers, and local biologists. Working with local landowners on an tourism operators to develop management Members of the network meet annually offshore islet, WIDECAST developed the programs that protect the world’s second to set priorities, evaluate existing pro- Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project to monitor largest nesting colony of leatherback grams, learn about the latest science, and the nation’s largest hawksbill breeding turtles. Not so long ago, egg-laden females launch new collaborations. colony. The science and conservation that crawled ashore on the island’s beaches By design, WIDECAST doesn’t advocate program has yielded a wealth of data that were shot for sport. Today local village- for specific government programs or policies. is helping islanders reverse the colony’s based groups manage and protect the “We’re an independent, nonpolitical decline. colony as an eco-tourism asset. organization,” Scott says emphatically. “In addition to quantifying aspects “Tour guiding and data collection “We advise governments about the feasi- of basic nesting biology, such as nest site now provide significant income and bility and scientific validity of proposed selection, clutch frequency, and average permanent employment for community management or conservation policies. We size of the gravid females, the project entrepreneurs and youth,” Scott says. take a stand, but we leave the more stri- offers a unique model of sustainable “You can make a very persuasive case dent advocacy to organizations designed conservation supported entirely by local for conservation by showing that you can for that purpose.” landowners,” Scott says. “Through it, earn more money from protecting turtles One of WIDECAST’s many successes we’ve been able to pioneer habitat restora- than from eating them.” has been on Antigua, a reef-ringed speck tion techniques, long-term studies of “The idea,” says Karen, “is to help

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) Photo courtesy of the National Park Service Guide to Sea Turtles of the Wider Caribbean Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) have elaborately patterned shells flecked with orange, brown and yellow, and made famous in “tortoiseshell” crafts. They The Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST) works to pre- can grow to three feet long and 300 pounds, but too many succumb to human- vent the extinction of six species of endangered marine turtles. Each species has its own induced threats before they reach this size. The hawksbill feeds primarily on sponges and distinguishing marks and behaviors. plays a key role in maintaining species diversity in coral reef communities. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are named for the color of fat deposits Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) rarely exceed two feet in around their internal organs, not for their shells, which often are a mottled shade of length and 100 pounds. They have olive-gray shells and triangular heads with slightly brownish-gray. Found in coastal waters, they feed on sea grasses and algae and are the hooked beaks, perfect for chewing their diet of crabs, shrimp, clams and sea urchins. only herbivorous marine turtle. They grow to about four feet long and 440 pounds. They nest in broad daylight, nearly always on the same 12-mile beach at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.

dukenvironment 22 R ESEARCH

communities, and indeed nations, weather 10 hours a night, seven days a also completed a Certificate in strengthen and diversify their economies week for five months at a time, was a International Policy. to the point where a villager can afford to wonderful way to start a marriage,” Karen In 1989, Karen agreed to take over the watch 100 pounds of turtle meat swim away.” recalls with a laugh. “We were paid a reins of Milton Kaufmann’s grassroots Their grassroots approach to conserva- combined annual income of $1,500 and consortium, WIDECAST, even though its tion has been a hallmark of the Eckerts’ thought we’d died and gone to heaven.” assets totaled only $744.17. “It was,” she careers since their days as undergraduates Their monitoring program on Little recalls, with obvious pleasure, “an offer I at tiny Principia College in Elsah, Ill., in Cumberland Island soon caught the couldn’t refuse.” the late 1970s. attention of federal authorities, who hired In 2002, a second irresistible offer “It seeps into your view of yourself—the them to initiate a similar research project brought the Eckerts to the Nicholas School idea that you can bring about real change in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where a from San Diego, where they had moved so and have a meaningful impact,” Karen leatherback sea turtle nesting beach was Scott could pursue his research on diving says. After graduating with a degree in slated for development as a marina. vertebrates at the Scripps Institution of biology in 1980, she accepted a job with Through meticulous monitoring, the Oceanography. the Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative as Eckerts were able to show that the beach “We were looking for a chance to work field director of a loggerhead sea turtle supported the largest colony of leatherback together more, and to incorporate the monitoring project on Georgia’s Little turtles under U.S. jurisdiction. Plans for WIDECAST portfolio into a university’s Cumberland Island. the marina were cancelled, and the area teaching and research curriculum, prefer- Scott, who had graduated the year before, became a National Wildlife Refuge—the ably in an area where our son could grow also as a biologist, was working in Seattle as first one ever designated for sea turtles by up close to nature,” Scott says. “The a film chemist at a large, movie-processing the U.S. Congress. Marine Lab was a perfect fit. We already laboratory. He jumped at the chance to Over the years, the Eckerts have had colleagues here who we respected a lot.” join Karen in Georgia, and the seeds of pursued each new job and degree with WIDECAST’s big challenge in coming their future careers and lives were sown. equal passion and commitment. They years, the Eckerts say, will be to expand its “We agreed that living on an isolated both hold doctorates in zoology from grassroots conservation efforts to protect barrier island and working in all kinds of the University of Georgia, where Karen coral reefs and other offshore habitats

Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)

Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are the largest, deepest diving, Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are named for the color of their and widest ranging of the sea turtles. Adult males can grow up to eight feet in length and shells. They rarely exceed two-and-a-half feet long and 110 pounds. Found in coastal 2,000 pounds. Leatherbacks have a black, leathery, ridged carapace and dispropor- waters, they feed on crabs, shrimp, jellyfish and, according to some reports, algae. They tionately long front flippers. Jellyfish are their dietary staple. These ancient giants range are the most abundant sea turtle in the world, but very rare in the Caribbean Sea. into subarctic waters, but always return to the tropics to nest. Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) can grow to 400 pounds, with shell lengths of four feet or more. They have reddish-brown shells, broad heads and powerful wallpaper>>> jaws. Their diet consists of marine bottom-dwellers, such as conch, crabs and jellyfish. If you’ve ever witnessed a sea turtle nesting in the U.S., you probably were watching a download wallpaper of turtles: loggerhead. www.nicholas.duke.edu/wallpaper From left to right Loggerhead turtle in reef (Bonaire); Scott Eckert examines a leatherback sea turtle nesting at Matura Beach,Trinidad,WI; Karen Eckert instructs students about sea turtles at Topsail beach sea turtle hospital,Topsail Beach,N.C. photos by Scott Eckert, Karen Eckert photo by Scott Taylor where turtles forage for food. Loss of these “The most serious threat to sea turtles, doesn’t work that way. In the end, we all areas is a growing problem, and some or any other species, is the notion that we have to act as if the survival of our planet Caribbean countries have the highest rate don’t have to work—really work—for their depends on us, because it really does.” of living coral loss in the world. survival,” she says. “It’s easy to believe that Protecting these reefs and foraging someone else, with more money, or more grounds isn’t going to be easy, Karen says, time, or better expertise, will somehow Tim Lucas is the Nicholas School’s national media but then, nothing worth doing ever is. slow the frightful pace of extinction. But it relations and marketing specialist.

Witnessing the Leatherback’s Ancient Ritual on the Shores of Trinidad by Michael Tennesen Leatherbacks prey on jellyfish. “It’s the perfect Atkins Diet, almost all protein,” says Eckert. They find the majority of that food at depths exceeding 1,800 feet. Leatherbacks A group of biologists huddles under a quarter moon on the eastern shore of Trinidad not only go deep, but long. Eckert attached satellite-tracking instruments to the turtles watching the crashing surf. Out of the white froth, a large dark form appears. Enter the and followed one animal that left Trinidad and traveled all the way to the mid-north leatherback, the most ancient of living sea turtles, a creature that is older than the Atlantic and back down to the northwest corner of Africa. dinosaurs. Scott Eckert, a biologist with the Nicholas School, and a group of volunteers Says Eckert, “They have a tear-drop shaped body—the perfect hydrodynamic stare back in amazement. form—and long powerful fins. It takes only a little bit more energy for them to swim Tonight’s visitor at Matura beach weighs about 800 pounds. More than 2,000 than it takes to sit still.” leatherbacks lay eggs on this beach each year, making it one of the largest nesting In Trinidad, Nature Seekers, which got going in 1990, has largely stopped all the colonies on earth. This prehistoric animal picks a spot on the beach and starts to dig its poaching of leatherbacks on the beach of Matura—a big problem in the past. Dennis nest. Soon the animal is laying its eggs, about 70 to 90 in all, each the size of a cue Sammy, the manager of Nature Seekers and country coordinator for WIDECAST, thinks ball. While laying these eggs, the animal goes into a trance, and Eckert uses this some of the effectiveness of the group has come from the fact that Nature Seekers are opportunity to tag, measure, and record the animal’s vital statistics. members of the community. “If you harm the sea turtles, we know where you live, and we Eckert and his wife, Karen, have been studying these animals since the early know where to send the police,” he says. 1980s. They are assisted by Nature Seekers from Matura, who guard the beaches from But these days, Nature Seekers spend most of its time guiding ecotourists rather than poachers and serve as ecotourism guides, as well as Earthwatch volunteers who come calling the police. On a Saturday night, sightseeing buses arrive with up to 150 tourists to here from the States to contribute to Eckert’s work. Duty for all begins each evening witness the turtles. Though some of the tourists are western vacationers, the majority are around 8:30 p.m. and lasts until 3 to 5:30 in the morning. local residents who will take home an appreciation of these turtles to their neighbors. Work like this throughout the Caribbean has lead to a decline in poaching and Some of the Matura’s tour guides are former poachers or from poaching families. significant signs of recovery in all sea turtle species in the region. But this is not the case Eckert thinks that’s smart. “The more you involve poachers and the sons and daughters everywhere. Populations in the Pacific have plummeted. “If things continue like this in of former poachers, the more you undermine the future of poaching.” the future, we are looking at extinction of the Pacific leatherback in the next 10 years,” With Trinidad’s leatherback sea turtle population on the rise, the method is says Eckert. apparently working. So the biologist, who also is the director of science for the Wider Caribbean Sea Freelancer Michael Tennesen of California,who was a Nicholas Environmental Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST), works to spread sea turtle awareness Media Fellow (www.nicholas.duke.edu/media/pastfellows.html),visited Scott throughout the Caribbean while trying to uncover the leatherback’s secrets. • • • Eckert in Trinidad earlier this year. The leatherback sea turtle is the largest of all turtles. Adult males may weigh up to w w w. 2,000 pounds. The Eckerts first looked at this giant off Saint Croix in the Virgin Islands in the early 1980s to study its diving behavior. They recorded one animal diving web sites to note below 3,330 feet. Among the world’s air-breathing divers, only the elephant seal, and Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network www.widecast.org the sperm whale dive deeper. Their lungs collapse on these deep dives, forcing the Karen Eckert’s bio www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/eckertk.html animal to get their oxygen from stores in the blood and muscle. Scott Eckert’s bio www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/eckerts.html

dukenvironment 24 S TUDENT N EWS action

Bringing the Environment to Durham elementary schools MEMs Volunteer Through the DEL Community Outreach Program

by Jean Lynch MEM’06 Colleen Kenney and Sarah Borchelt, While Hall has the job of developing first-year MEM candidates, were regular relationships with schools in the community, Faced with heavy course loads and career volunteers at this classroom at Durham’s it fell to Vanessa Jordan, the program development concerns, many professional Forest View Elementary School. Previously, assistant and an MEM candidate, to recruit degree students barely find time to they had talked about butterflies with the the 2004-2005 volunteers and match sleep, much less volunteer. But up to a children and paper cutouts still decorated them with appropriate assignments. On quarter of Nicholas School students the room, providing a reminder of the Jordan’s watch, at least 50 MEM candidates have made time to connect with the lesson. Today, Kenney announces, they managed to find time to teach environmental Durham community through the Duke would talk about land and sea turtles and science in the community. About 20 students Environmental Leadership (DEL) their associated food webs. volunteered on a regular weekly or biweekly Community Outreach Program. A voice broke in over the intercom: basis, and dozens of others were involved in “Boys and girls, we will be having a fire occasional or one-time teaching events such • • • drill in just a few minutes. Remember that as Arbor Day and Earth Day celebrations or The kindergartners in Jamie Barnhill’s we always ask you to leave the classroom Family Science Night at E.K. Powe. Some classroom were in high spirits, and the quietly and behave as though there might students took on an entire classroom, while silent cheer their teacher asked for was be a real fire.” They did exit quietly, some work with a few students or with one anything but silent. Who could blame inspired by Mr. Barnhill’s request to file student at a time. Jordan volunteered them? They were five years old, it was a out “as silently as a box turtle swimming regularly and can’t say enough good sunny day, and two enthusiastic graduate in a pond at night.” things about the program and the students had just stopped by to talk with volunteers: “The commitment the them about turtles, jellyfish and spiders. • • • volunteers showed was amazing. The There also may have been the hint of a The outreach program is administered greatest thing about the program is that game of make-believe in the air, too. by the Nicholas School’s DEL program. both the school kids and the Nicholas A Nicholas School student would Deb Hall MEM’00, runs it with the help of School students benefit tremendously feel right at home in this classroom. student assistants in three Durham from it. We all learn from each other.” Mr. Barnhill and his charges had festooned elementary schools—E.K. Powe, Forest Hall concurs. “It’s inspiring to see so it with artifacts from nature and projects View, and C.C. Spaulding. Involvement many busy students contributing their time explaining how they work. Elk skulls and ranges from one-time special projects to and energy to the community. These paper fishes, tadpoles and insects adorned regular student visits to the classrooms of students not only cultivate their own the walls, and a science center explained interested teachers, depending on the communication skills, they enrich and expand the parts of a spider. “What is a flower?” wishes of the partner school and the avail- the learning opportunities for the next “What is a bird?” ability of Nicholas School volunteers. generation of environmental professionals.”

Colleen Kenney,lower left,and Sarah Borchelt,upper right,volunteered in Jamie Barnhill’s classroom at Durham’s Forest View Elementary School photos by Drew Stuyvenberg MEM’05 “Do you all want to play?” Borchelt asked. survive without food: “If the food is healthy • • • “YEAHHHH!” the kindergartners to the turtle and he can’t eat it, that’s not After the fire drill, the children were eager exclaimed. “Okay,” she continued. “The healthy.” Plastic bags are another problem, to talk turtles. About a dozen of them game we’re going to play will help explain one of the boys noted with some prompting, raised their hands when asked if they’d food chains.” “YAY!” because they can be mistaken for jellyfish. seen live turtles before, so Sarah Borchelt In the first game, half of the children “What are some other things that make and Colleen Kenney both introduced new would play the parts of the box turtle food life hard for sea turtles?” Kenney asked. turtle facts and solicited memories the chain. The rest of the class would repeat “Take ten seconds to put on your thinking children had of things they’d learned in the game with sea turtles, so that everyone caps.” Amelia raised her hand, but forgot the past. The class discussed sea turtles and would have a chance to play. Kenney and what she had intended to say. Nicolo, box turtles: where box turtles got their Borchelt helped the children form a circle remembering his work with turtle hatch- name (it refers to their boxlike shell, into and draped a picture of a box turtle lings, explained that newborn turtles always which they can retract their entire head around the neck of a boy named Jaquez. walk toward bright light, and that you have and limbs), what types of water the differ- More pictures were handed out, representing to be careful about lights that are on when ent turtles are found in, what they like to worms, plants, water, soil, insects, spiders, turtles are hatching. He also had a recom- eat, and some differences in anatomy, such and more turtles. Jaquez the turtle chose mendation for car drivers who encounter as the shape of their feet or flippers. to eat a worm, so a string was stretched newly hatched turtles in their path: “When “How long do turtles live?” Borchelt between the turtle and the worm. The you see a turtle while you’re driving in the asked. After an initial suggestion of 500 worm decided to burrow in the soil, so the car,” he exclaimed, “Jump out of the car years, the children’s guesses dropped string was extended to the child playing and tell the turtle to stop!” Or, Kenney sharply to four years and then varied wildly soil, and eventually weaved back and forth gently offered, you can stop your car and until Kenney and Borchelt revealed that across the circle, connecting the plants, let the turtle keep going. Other sugges- the actual age span was 60 to 130 years. insects, water, and spiders. tions: Don’t leave litter at the beach; pack Despite their initial high guess, a When the string had connected every- it out or put it in trash cans. Another “Wo-o-o-ow” issued from the crowd, one in the chain, Kenny directed the student offered a more difficult plan, to signaling that the children were impressed. children’s attention to the lesson. “Let’s find seaweed and put it in the water for the “Who here can tell me what a food look at how connected you all are. What turtles to eat. Borchelt nodded. “There chain is?” asked Colleen. A little boy will happen if I take someone out of there? are some ways we can help make sure that named Nicolo responded as if he’d been What part of the chain should we take turtles have food to eat.” prepped ahead of time: “It’s about what out?” The children decided to take out the These types of discussion are one turtles can eat and what they can’t eat. spiders and insects. All spiders and insects of Vanessa Jordan’s favorite parts of And what’s healthy for them and what’s not dropped their strings, and the turtles had volunteering. “It’s really rewarding to see healthy for them.” “That is a great answer,” lost a vital part of their world. the kids’ faces light up when they speak Kenney said. Later, she offered good- In the second game, Hahaie, in purple about conservation,” she says. “They get very naturedly, “Sometimes I think they already headband, purple ponytail holder, purple excited when they find out they can help.” know everything and they’re just humoring us.” striped shirt, and black and yellow cross- When the lesson, game, and discussion But Nicolo had experience with sea trainers, portrayed a sea turtle. Her were over, it was time for a big thank-you turtles because his family had been classmates played more sea turtles and their to Kenney and Borchelt. After hugs and involved in a turtle nesting program on related food and habitat, including crabs, good-byes until next time, they returned Bald Head Island. Rest assured, the seaweed, ocean, and jellyfish. to the Duke campus and their coursework. children were learning. “What do box When the first links in the sea turtle turtles eat?” Kenney and Borchelt asked. food chain had been broken, Borchelt asked, • • • The childrens’ answer: Carrots and bread. “What happens to the turtles now?” The For information about this and other projects of What would they eat if there were no kindergartners responded, “They can’t eat!” the DEL Community Outreach program, people around? Crickets! Yes. Cobras! The children returned to their seats on call 919-613-8082 Probably not. What about sea turtles? the floor, cheering when told they could or e-mail [email protected]. Seaweed. Jellyfish. Good. Sea turtles have keep the critter pictures around their special salt-extracting glands that allow necks. A crab named Amelia scuttled, still Jean Lynch MEM’06 was the Nicholas School them to drink lots of sea water. Can we do in character, to the piece of tape that Student Communications Assistant in 2004-2005 that? Noooo! Can box turtles? Noooo! labeled her seat on the floor. When asked Once everyone was up to date with what had happened to the turtles in the turtle diets, it was time for a game. game, she responded that turtles can’t

dukenvironment 26 D EAN’ S P AGE forum Committing to a Trinity-Nicholas Partnership

Nicholas School to Promote Undergraduate Understanding of Principles of Ecology and Earth Sciences by William H. Schlesinger

I dabbled in natural history in high school, teaching and outreach. We want to double who went to the Marine Lab thought it was but it was during my formative undergraduate our undergraduate enrollments during the the best part of her undergraduate experience. years at Dartmouth that I discovered the next few years. While Marine Lab semesters are open to all excitement of a career in environmental One exciting new program for under- undergraduates, regardless of major, we are science. No doubt, working closely to graduates is a Certificate in Energy and the currently working to strengthen this rich analyze New England’s rain chemistry with Environment, to complement the similar opportunity for undergraduate engineering my undergraduate mentor, Bill Reiners, certificate we recently began to offer for our students by offering a semester geared made a huge difference in my decision to go professional degree (MEM) students. Many toward their particular interests and skills, to graduate school in ecology. But I was in students realize that the competition including research projects involving the remote classes with dozens of students who chose between finite energy resources and steadily sensing and sonar tagging of marine life. other careers. Where are they now? increasing demand is among the most press- I am a big advocate of the class field trip, Many students at Duke, like those at ing issues confronting our world, and that but unfortunately, given the rapid daily pace Dartmouth, have an interest in ecology, how we exploit energy resources often has of life on campus, field trips have nearly but are unlikely to choose an environmental huge impacts on our environment. We disappeared from the curriculum of the field as their primary life pursuit. Most of expect this certificate to be of interest not modern university. A bonding between my classmates from 30 years ago are now only to our environment and earth science student and nature and lifelong friendships lawyers, doctors and investment managers, majors, but also to undergraduates majoring amongst students are forged by a long day in and I can only hope they carry some memory in social sciences, such as public policy and the field and an evening by the campfire. of what we learned about the basic principles economics, because the energy system is so Currently, geologists within the Nicholas underlying the function of natural ecosystems pervasive in its impact. This exciting new School offer popular field trips to Hawaii, and our planet. Watching the political mood focal area within the Nicholas School was Yellowstone, and Florida coral reefs. In of the country with respect to the environ- made possible by the vision of the Gendell addition, the school’s energy field trip ment, I fear that too few of our educated family, whose generous gift will add new during fall break brings students to the oil citizenship share that knowledge. For the faculty positions in energy studies and fields and refineries of Houston to see how sake of our planet, we must do better—at support a host of teaching and outreach the nation’s energy is supplied. We want to Duke, at Dartmouth, and at all colleges and activities. (See story, page 40.) extend such field experiences to include a universities across the nation—to educate One of the great resources of the wider range of environmental sciences, and our students about the environment. Nicholas School and Duke University is the we hope to compensate the faculty for the Duke students will be leaders of the next Marine Laboratory on the coast in Beaufort, extra time that this activity requires. generation, and my fondest hope is that we N.C. The lab offers a year-round curriculum Undergraduate teaching and outreach can populate the halls of the corporate and for undergraduate and graduate students, as will factor importantly in the new strategic government world with those who under- well as a full range of research, residential, plan for the Nicholas School. The generous stand some of the basic principles of ecology and teaching facilities, including the gift from the Gendell family will play a key and earth science. At the Nicholas School, oceanographic ship, the R/V Cape Hatteras. role in energizing our program, which can we are committed to undergraduate Nowhere is the undergraduate experience now reach out to a wider population of education. Since 1995, the school has more real than at the Marine Lab, where undergraduate students. Certainly, we’ll offered several majors for students in Trinity students opt to spend a semester living, need additional new resources to expand our College—currently an A.B. and a B.S. in working, and studying in small, focused undergraduate teaching and activities environmental science and policy and an groups, and to gain hands-on research throughout the school. But look to our A.B. and B.S. in earth and ocean sciences. experience through studies of sea turtle exciting new programs to ensure that our Each year, we teach about 800 undergradu- reproduction or the mating systems of blue nation’s environment will be in the hands ates, roughly 12 percent of the students on crabs. Some laboratories are held at night, of future leaders well equipped to maintain campus. This is a good start, but we must do so that students can sample when the tides its health. more to reach students across campus. In are right and the seasons are best. In my our new strategic plan, we have undertaken years as a faculty member in the Biology William H.Schlesinger is dean of the Nicholas School a renewed commitment to undergraduate Department, every undergraduate I advised and James B.Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry F ACULTY & STAFF N OTES scope Presentations and Conferences Daphne Pee, MEM’03; Lindsay spring and summer on the conference Richard T. Di Giulio, professor of Fullencamp, MEM’03; and Heidi Recksiek circuit. In April, he presented “A Spatial environmental toxicology and director, MEM/MPP’97. Pee chaired the symposium Bioeconomic Model of Nutrient Pollution” Duke Superfund Basic Research Center, “Assessing Marine Protected Areas and for the 3rd Workshop on Spatial-Dynamic co-presented “Mechanisms of Interactive Networks,” and Recksiek chaired “Social Models of Economics and Ecosystems held Developmental Toxicity of Polycyclic Science Methods for Marine Protected at the Abdus Salam International Centre Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Zebrafish,” Areas: An Overview for MPA Managers for Theoretical Physics, in Trieste, Italy. and “Synergistic Developmental Toxicity of and Staff.” Also that month, Smith and Stephen Toth Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Daniel D. Richter Jr., professor of Professor of Marine Biology Larry B. Towards a Mechanistic Understanding,” soils and forest ecology, attended the 2005 Crowder gave an invited presentation, with Duke colleague Elwood Linney, and Goldschmidt Conference on Geochemistry “Valuing Ecosystem Services with Fishery others, at the Conference on Physiological and Mineralogy in Moscow, Idaho, to give Rents: A Lumped-Parameter Approach to Responses in Marine Organisms 13 in an invited talk, “Rhizosphere Iron-Redox Hypoxia in the Neuse River Estuary,” for Alessandria, Italy, in June. Cycling: Electron Transfer Reactions that the National Science Foundation- Michael Lavine, professor of statistics Drive Mineral Weathering,” with Nicholas Environmental Protection Agency and decision sciences, and M. Susan School graduate Ryan L. Fimmen PhD’04 Biocomplexity Workshop in Santa Fe, N.M. Lozier, professor of physical oceanography, and Bowdoin College professor Dharni Later in May, Smith and Crowder present- were invited to present their collaborative Vasudevan. ed this work to the 2005 Forum of the work, “Detecting Climate Change in the James Salzman, professor of environ- North American Association of Fisheries Ocean,” at the Eighth Workshop on Case mental law and policy, was the lunch speak- Economists in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Studies in Bayesian Statistics at Carnegie er at Rocky Mountain Mineral Law where Smith also made another presentation Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., in Foundation’s biennial institute for natural on “A Hierarchical Bayes Approach to September. resource law professors in Discrete Choice Fisheries Modeling” with Marie Lynn Miranda, associate Santa Fe, N.M. in June. J. Zhang MEM’03 et al. research professor and director, Children’s He presented “Creating In June, for the Association of Environmental Health Initiative, was one Markets for Ecosystem Environmental and Resource Economists of several area scientists to participate in a Services.” 2005 Workshop: Natural Resources at town meeting on Environmental and At a May workshop Risk, Smith presented “Ecosystem Neurodevelopmental Disorders Over the co-sponsored by Stanford Portfolios: A Finance-Based Approach to Lifespan. The meeting, sponsored by the University, The Nature Conservancy and Ecosystem Management,” at Grand Teton National Institute of Environmental Health World Wildlife Fund, Salzman presented National Park, Jackson, Wyo. Sciences and held in Research Triangle “Conservation Incentives that Work for Finally in July, Smith presented “Bayesian Park, opened the 22nd International People on the Land,” about the promise Bioeconomics of Marine Reserves” at the Neurotoxicology Conference. Miranda and peril of ecosystem service payments. American Agricultural Economics presented and discussed research on William H. Schlesinger, James B. Association Annual Meeting in Providence, lead mapping. Duke Professor of biogeochemistry and R.I. A. Brad Murray, associate professor of dean of the Nicholas School, participated Jonathan B. Wiener, professor of law geomorphology and coastal processes, gave in the NC Environmental Defense forum and of environmental policy, presented an invited talk in April at the European “Horizons 2100: A Vision for the Future.” “Precaution in the U.S. and Europe” for Geosciences Union meeting in Vienna, The forum was held in three different loca- the conference Better Regulation: The Austria, “Bedform Pattern Evolution in tions: Raleigh, Charlotte and Asheville, European Union (EU) and the Two Horizontal Dimensions: Extreme N.C., during April and May. Transatlantic Dialogue. This conference, Wavelength Increases with In March, Schlesinger testified in hear- co-sponsored by the European Policy Mixed Grain Sizes.” ings before the N.C. Senate Agriculture, Centre, the European Commission, and The Nicholas School Environment and Natural Resources the U.S. Mission to the EU, was held in was well represented at the Committee on the subject of global climate Brussels, Belgium, in March. July conference of Coastal change in North Carolina. Also in March, In April, Wiener was at the Yale School Zone 05, “Balancing on Schlesinger participated in the conference of Forestry and Environmental Studies in the Edge,” held in New “One North Carolina Naturally,” held at New Haven, Conn., where he presented Orleans, La. Attending were Michael K. the Raleigh Conference and Convention “Beyond Kyoto: Moving Climate Change Orbach, professor of the practice of Center. Policy Forward,” and, in June, he gave the marine affairs and policy and director, Martin D. Smith, assistant professor of keynote address, “Hormesis and Duke University Marine Laboratory, environmental economics, had a busy Regulation,” to the Fourth Annual

dukenvironment 28 F ACULTY & STAFF N OTES

International Conference on Hormesis at Weathered Alaska North Slope Crude Oil • “Mechanistic Analytical Models for Long- University of Massachusetts, Amherst. to Juvenile Pink Salmon,” Chemosphere, Distance Seed Dispersal by Wind,” The 2005 (coauthor w/ M. Rau PhD’05 et al.) American Naturalist, 2005 (lead author w/ In Print • “Differential Display of Hepatic mRNA M. Siqueira PhD’02 et al.) Recent publications by Nicholas School from Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) • “Assessing the Effects of Atmospheric faculty or staff Inhabiting a Superfund Estuary,” Aquatic Stability on the Fine Structure of Surface Lori Snyder Bennear, assistant professor Toxicology, 2005 (coauthor w/ J.N. Meyer Layer Turbulence Using Local and of environmental economics and policy PhD’03, D.C. Volz, and J.H. Freedman) Global Multiscale Approaches,” Physics of •“Measuring Progress: Program Evaluation • “A Non-Destructive Technique to Fluids, 2005 (coauthor w/ J.D. Albertson) of Environmental Policies,” Environment, Measure Cytochrome P4501A Enzyme • “Foliage Shedding in Deciduous Forests 2005 (lead author) Activity in Living Embryos of the Lifts up Long-Distance Seed Dispersal by Lisa M. Cambpell, Rachel Carson Estuarine Fish (Fundulus heteroclitus),” Wind,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Assistant Professor of Marine Affairs Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology, 2005 (coau- Sciences, 2005 (coauthor) and Policy thor w/ D.M. Wassenberg PhD’05 et al.) • “Variability in Net Ecosystem Exchange • “Overcoming Obstacles to Interdisciplinary Patrick N. Halpin, Gabel Associate from Hourly to Inter-Annual Time Research,” Conservation Biology, 2005 Professor of the Practice of Geospatial Scales at Adjacent Pine and Hardwood James S. Clark, H.L. Blomquist Professor Analysis Forests: a Wavelet Analysis,” Tree Physiology, of Biology • “Patterns of Watershed Urbanization and 2005, (coauthor w/ P.C. Stoy, M.B. • “Fire Cycles in North American Interior Impacts on Water Quality 1,” Journal of the Siqueira PhD’02, J. Juang, H.R. Grasslands and Their Relation to Prairie American Water Resources Association, 2005 McCarthy, H. Kim, A. C. Oishi, and R. Drought,” Proceedings of the National Academy of (coauthor w/ M. V. Carle and C. A. Stow) Oren) Sciences, June 2005 (coauthor) Gabriele Hegerl, associate research professor • “Resampling Hierarchical Processes in • “Hierarchical Bayes for Structured, • “Warming the World’s Oceans,” Science, the Wavelet Domain: A Case Study Using Variable Populations: from Recapture July 8, 2005 (coauthor) Atmospheric Turbulence,” Physica D, Data to Life-History Prediction,” Ecology, David E. Hinton, Nicholas Professor of 2005 (coauthor) 2005 (lead author) Environmental Quality • “Photosynthetic Responses of a Humid • “Implications of Seed Banking for • “2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Grassland Ecosystem to Future Climate Recruitment of Southern Appalachian (TCDD) Induces Organ-Specific Perturbations,” Advances in Water Resources, Woody Species,” Ecology, 2005 Differential Gene Expression in Male 2005 (coauthor) (coauthor w/ M. Lavine et al) Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes),” Emily M. Klein, Lee Hill Snowdon Michael S. Coyne, research scientist Toxicological Sciences, February Professor of Geology • “Population Characteristics of Kemp’s 2005 • “Counter-Rotating Microplates at the Ridley Sea Turtles in Nearshore Waters (coauthor w/ D. Volz, D. Galapagos Triple Junction,” Nature, of the Upper Texas and Louisiana Bencic, S. Kullman et al.) February 2005 (lead author) Coasts,” Chelonian Conservation and Biology, • “Metabolic Change in Randall A. Kramer, professor of resource 2005 (coauthor) Japanese Medaka (Oryzias and environmental economics • “Predicted Sex Ratio of Juvenile Kemp’s latipes) During • “Do Migrants Degrade Coastal Ridley Sea Turtles Captured Near Embryogenesis and Hypoxia as Environments? Migration, Natural Steinhatchee, Florida,” Copeia, 2005 Determined by in Vivo31P NMR,” Resource Extraction, and Poverty in (coauthor) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: North Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Human Kevin T. Craig, assistant research scientist Toxicology & Pharmacology, February 2005 Ecology, 2005 (coauthor) • “Declining Threshold for Hypoxia in the (coauthor) M. Susan Lozier, Gulf of Mexico,” Environmental Science & K. David Hyrenbach, research scientist professor of physical oceanography Technology, 2005 (coauthor w/ C.A. Stow • “Do the Largest Reserves Protect Whales • “The Influence of and S.S. Qian) or Whalers? Science, Jan. 28, 2005 Topography on the Thomas Crowley, Nicholas Professor (coauthor). Stability of Shelfbreak of Earth Systems Science Robert B. Jackson, professor of environ- Frontal Currents,” • “Raising the Ante on the Climate mental sciences and biology Journal of Physical Debate,” EOS Forum, July 12, 2005 • “Ecohydrological Implications of Woody Oceanography, 2005 Richard T. Di Giulio, professor of Plant Encroachment,” Ecology, 2005 (lead author) environmental toxicology, and director, (coauthor) • “The Effect of Advection on the Nutrient Duke Superfund Basic Research Center Gabriel G. Katul, professor of hydrology Reservoir in the North Atlantic • “Assessment of the Phototoxicity of and micrometeorology Subtropical Gyre,” Nature, Sept. 29, F ACULTY & STAFF N OTES scope 2005 (coauthor w/ Jaime Palter and R. • “Science in the Public Process of Di Giulio also is a member of the T. Barber) Ecosystem Management: Lessons from Committee on Assessment of the Health Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Duke Professor Hawaii, Southeast Asia, Africa and the Implications of Exposure to Dioxin, organ- Emeritus of Geology U.S. Mainland,” Journal of Environmental ized by the National Research Council. The • “Beach Awash with Politics,” Geotimes, Management, 2005 (coauthor) committee, which began its work in July 2005 William H. Schlesinger, James B. Duke October 2004, is reviewing the EPA’s risk Stuart L. Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Professor of Biogeochemistry and dean, assessment of dioxin and anticipates a Conservation Ecology Nicholas School report on its findings in December 2005. • “Sustaining the Variety of Life,” Scientific • “Soil Carbon Sequestration and He also has been a member of the American, special issue, September 2005 Turnover in a Pine Forest After Six Years Computational Toxicology Committee of (w/ C. Jenkins) of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment,” the EPA’s Board of Scientific Counselors Andrew J. Read, Rachel Carson Ecology, 2005 (coauthor) since December 2004. This committee Associate Professor of Marine Martin D. Smith, assistant professor of provides external oversight for EPA’s Conservation Biology, environmental economics newest research center, the Center for • “North Atlantic Right Whales in Crisis,” • “State Dependence and Heterogeneity in Computational Toxicology. Science, July 2005 (coauthor) Fishing Location Choice,” Journal of Gabriele Hegerl, associate research • “Effects of Fine Scale Oceanographic Environmental Economics and Management, 2005 professor, Division of Earth and Ocean Features on the Distribution and John Terborgh, James B. Duke Professor Sciences, was appointed to the scientific Movements of Harbor Porpoises of Environmental Science advisory board for the Alfred Wegener (Phocoena phocoena) in the Bay of Fundy,” • “The Effects of Herbivore Density on Center for Climate and Global Change, in Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005 (coauthor Soil Nutrients and Tree Growth in May. The WegCenter is an interdiscipli- w/ D. Johnston and A. Westgate) Tropical Forest Fragments,” Ecology, 2005 nary, internationally oriented research • “Effects of Fishing on Long-lived Marine (coauthor w/ K. Feeley PhD’05) center of the University of Graz (UniGraz), Organisms,” Marine Conservation Biology: Dean L. Urban, associate professor Austria, started in December 2004. It The Science of Maintaining the Sea’s Biodiversity of landscape ecology brings together research teams and scien- (chapter), 2005 (coauthor w/ L.B. • “Modeling Ecological Processes Across tists from fields such as geophysics, clima- Crowder et al.) Scales,” Ecology, 2005 tology , economics, and geography, with an • “Prey Detection by Bottlenose Dolphins overall aim to become a national and inter- (Tursiops truncates): An Experimental Test Memberships, Appointments national center of excellence for research of the Passive Listening Hypothesis,” and Awards in the fields of climate and global change. Animal Behavior, 2005 (coauthor) Richard T. Di Giulio, professor of envi- In March, Michael K. Orbach, pro- Kenneth H. Reckhow, professor of water ronmental toxicology, and director, Duke fessor of the practice of marine affairs and resources, and chair, Division of Superfund Basic Research Center, has policy and director, Duke University Environmental Sciences and Policy assumed the role of director for Duke Marine Laboratory, accepted an award on • “Nonlinear Regression Modeling of University’s Center for the Comparative behalf of the Surfrider Foundation for the Nutrient Loads in Streams: A Bayesian Biology of Vulnerable Populations follow- NOAA “NGO of the Year” at a ceremony Approach,” Water Resource Research, 2005 ing the departure of its original director, on Capitol Hill. In attendance were N.C. (coauthor) Dr. David Schwartz. Schwartz left Duke Congressman Walter B. Jones Jr. and Curtis J. Richardson, University Medical Center in May to direct NOAA representative Admiral Conrad professor of resource the National Institute of Environmental Lautenbacker. Orbach is serving a second ecology Health and Safety (NIEHS) in Research term as chairman of the Surfrider • “The Restoration Triangle Park, N.C. The center provides Potential of the support and pilot funding in three research Mesopotamian Marshes areas: neurobiology and neurodevelop- of Iraq,” Science, February 2005 (lead mental disease, pulmonary biology and dis- author) ease, and environmental health policy. It • “Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in maintains four research support core facili- Created, Restored, and Paired Natural ties and a community outreach and educa- Wetlands,” Journal of the Soil Science Society of tion program. The center is comprised of America, 2005 (coauthor w/ G. Bruland 37 investigators from the Nicholas School, PhD’04) the Duke University Medical Center, James Salzman, professor of law and Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Congressman Jones (left),Mike Orbach,and Admiral Lautenbacker. Nicholas Institute professor of environmental the School of Law, and the University of policy North Carolina.

dukenvironment 30 F ACULTY & STAFF N OTES

Foundation’s Board of Directors. The Interoperability between the LMRIS and Kenneth H. Reckhow, professor of foundation is an international environ- OBIS-SEAMAP Marine Information water resources and chair, Division of mental advocacy organization devoted to Systems.” Duration: 2005-06. Environmental Sciences and Policy, N.C. the protection of beaches, waves and coastal Gabriele Hegerl, associate research Department of Environment and Natural water quality around the world. Nicholas professor, National Oceanic and Resources, $747,794, “Development of School graduate Chad Nelsen, MEM’94, is Atmospheric Administration, $158,249, Fecal Coliform TMDLs using Bayesian its environmental director. “Statistical Assessment of Uncertainty in Modeling and Novel Molecular Present and Future North American Monitoring Techniques.” Duration: Grants Rainfall Extremes.” Duration: 2005-08. 2005-08. Grants of $50,000 or more awarded to K. David Hyrenbach, research scientist, James F. Reynolds, faculty in the past six months Coastal Systems Science and Policy professor and director of Bruce H. Corliss, professor of earth and Division, subcontract from the University the National Phytotron, ocean sciences, Office of Naval Research, of Washington, $118,362, Bering Sea subcontract from the $133,902, “A Request for Funds for Ecosystem Study. Duration: 2005-08. University of Georgia, Services on R/V Cape Hatteras CY2005 Gabriel G. Katul, professor of hydrology $101,046, “Using (Supplement).” Duration: March 2005- and micrometeorology subcontract from Microbial Indicator December 2005; National Science Indiana University, $308,879, “Scaling Species to Distinguish Shifting Foundation (NSF), $7,429,874, “Ship up of Carbon Exchange Dynamics from Contributions from Soil Organic.” Operations: R/V Cape Hatteras.” Duration: AmeriFlux Sites to a Super-Region in Duration: 2005-06. 2005-10. the Eastern United States.” Duration: Curtis J. Richardson, professor of Larry B. Crowder, Stephen Toth 2005-06. resource ecology, N.C. Department of Professor of Marine Biology, Gordon and M. Susan Lozier, professor of physical Environment and Natural Resources, Betty Moore Foundation, $3,066,000, oceanography and, director, undergraduate $527,492, “Quantification of Water “Reversing Declines of Seabirds, Sea studies, NSF, $375,348, Collaborative Quality Improvement in Sandy Creek.” Turtles, and Marine Mammals.” Duration: research: “The Influence of the Duration: 2005-08. 2005-07; Oak Foundation, $140,349, Mediterranean Overflow Water on the Daniel Rittschof, Global Fellows in Marine Conservation. Climate Variability of the North Atlantic.” associate professor of Duration: 2005-07. Duration: 2005-09. zoology, Office of Naval Richard T. Di Giulio, professor of A. Brad Murray, associate professor of Research, $60,151, environmental toxicology, and director, geomorphology and coastal processes, NSF, “Barnacles for Duke Superfund Basic Research Center, $1,200,000, collaborative research with Antifouling, Foul-Release National Institute of Environmental Health M. Smith, M. Orbach, T. Crowley, and J. and Adhesion Research.” Sciences (NIEHS), $1,300,000, collaborative Ramus: “Coupling Human and Natural Duration: 2005-06. research with J. Freedman and M. Miranda: Influences on Coastline Evolution as Dean L. Urban, associate professor of “Developmental Effects of Superfund Climate Changes.” Duration: 2005-2010; landscape ecology, Doris Duke Charitable Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Fundulus heterocli- NSF, $107,062, Collaborative Research: Foundation, $120,000, Doris Duke tus.” Duration: 2005-09. “Coasts in Motion: Quantifying the Conservation Fellows Program, Duration: David J. Erickson, adjunct professor of Patterns of Coastal Change Using LIDAR.” 2005-07. computational biogeochemistry, National Duration: 2005-08. Aeronautics and Space Administration Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Duke —Compiled by Donna Picard,Nicholas School (NASA), $87,790, “Constraining the CO2 Professor Emeritus of Geology, communications assistant Missing Sink.” Duration: 2005-08. Educational Foundation of America, Deborah Rigling Gallagher, visiting $60,000, continuing support for Duke assistant professor, U.S. Environmental Program for the Study of Developed Protection Agency, $141,882, “The Impact Shorelines. Duration: 2005-07. of State Level Brownfields Program Public Andrew J. Read, Rachel Carson Participation Mechanisms on Associate Professor of Marine Conservation Disadvantaged Community Involvement in Biology, New England Aquarium, Decision-Making.” Duration: 2005-07. $94,904, “Reducing Conflicts Between Patrick N. Halpin, Gabel Associate Fisheries and Protected Species in North Professor of the Practice of Geospatial Carolina.” Duration: 2004-05; N.C. Sea Analysis, Science Applications Grant, $94,262, “Behavior of Green International Corporation, $176,635, Turtles in Shallow Water Gill Net Fishing “Advancing Functionality and Grounds.” Duration: 2005-06. A L UMNI P ROFILE sightings

Talk to Meredith Wingate’s colleagues, and they’ll tell you that Meredith she’s smart. Creative. A quick thinker. Diplomatic. Enthusiastic. And, almost inevitably, they’ll say that she’s got energy. Inevitably, because the 1998 MEM works in the energy field. Wingate Specifically, Wingate works in renewable energy policy as director of clean energy design and implementation at the Center for Resource Solutions (CRS), a San Francisco nonprofit. Established in 1997, CRS operates across the United States and in countries like China, assisting local and regional governments, other nonprofits, and corporations (including utilities) as they adopt programs for using renewable energy. Wingate is involved in activities ranging from writing “best practice” handbooks for regulators to advising government officials who might be inadvertently writing rules that hinder progress on the renewables front. But her main focus these days is facilitating the creation of renewable trading markets across is All the country. “Traditionally, there have been physical barriers to renew- About ables entering the market,” Wingate says. “If the wind is here, but the load is over there, what do you do? If you can generate Energy wind power at night but the demand for power is in the daytime, how do you deal with this?” How you deal with it is to create a market—somewhat like a 1998 Alum stock exchange—in which companies who create renewable energy can sell certificates to other companies or individuals who Helps Facilitate Markets for Renewables Like want to offset their use of traditionally generated power. Such trading of renewables has existed for at least a half- Wind, Biomass and Solar dozen years, assisted by the Center for Resource Solutions’ Green-e program, a voluntary certification program that verifies that energy was created using renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, or small hydro. Green-e, which Wingate directed from 1999 to 2002, is the standard the federal government uses in its renewable energy procurement and was the standard used when Pacific Gas and Electric purchased enough renewable energy certificates to offset all of San Francisco’s electricity use on United Nations World Environment Day on June 3. What Wingate is doing now is helping regional renewable markets develop an infrastructure for third-party authentication of trades. “It’s like the New York Stock Exchange,” says Brad Crabtree, director of the Powering the Plains Project, an energy and agriculture policy program of the Great Plains Institute in Minneapolis, Minn. “If you buy 100 shares of IBM, you never doubt those shares exist. This implicit trust allows the market to flourish. We are trying to create this trust so that our renewable market can flourish.” Wingate is providing technical expertise as Powering the Plains works with regional utilities to create the Midwest Renewable Energy Tracking System (MRETS). Currently, a working group of stakeholders is creating the rules for tracking

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and authenticating renewable certificate transactions. Wingate CRS, liked Wingate’s enthusiasm and her policy background, and advises the group on issues from the large and complex—how do believed that those qualities would serve her well as she learned you account for certificates when you have a company that gener- about the energy field on the job. Hamrin says, “She has an innate ates both renewable and fossil fuel energy—to the nitty gritty, like policy sense that guides her, an ability to analyze issues and how you generate the serial numbers for renewable certificates. negotiate between different interest groups.” Wingate brings to the project a deep knowledge of what other For Wingate, it has been a revelation and a pleasure working regions have done in similar situations, and Crabtree says that for an organization in which the entire workforce has a vested the MRETS project is ahead of schedule in part because she has interest in the outcome of their projects and a shared set of values. prevented them from reinventing the wheel, making mistakes that She bikes to work most days and loves the beauty, progressiveness others had already made and solved. and cultural diversity of San Francisco, although “the cost of living “Only a handful of people in the country know as much as she is a challenge and public schools will be an issue.” does about renewable energy markets,” says Crabtree. Now, Wingate plans to stay with energy. “It’s a fascinating field. For two years, Wingate took this knowledge to China, where she It couldn’t be more timely. Renewable energy is such an important worked on a program for the Center for Resource Solutions that element of our environmental future.” assisted the Chinese equivalent of the Environmental Protection Lately, Wingate has been thinking a lot about the intersection Agency in the development of renewable energy policies. She of the markets in renewable energy and in carbon. As large traveled to the country five times, staying for several weeks at a electricity users look to reduce their carbon footprint, many of time, advising the Chinese on policies that support new renewable them are interested in buying renewable energy certificates in part development and informing them of renewable successes and because of their carbon reduction value. failures in other countries. It was “fascinating, interesting and also But, Wingate says, some rules are hampering this extension of grueling,” Wingate says, recalling daily meetings that would start at the renewable market; for instance, in traditional cap-and-trade 8:30 a.m. and end with a formal banquet at 9 p.m. Although it regimes, allowances are given to polluters. “If you’re a wind was a challenge dealing with people who had little experience developer that brings 1,000 megawatts of new wind power online,” with markets and pricing—because the Chinese government has she says, “that’s 1,000 megawatts less that is needed from existing historically set the price for everything—Wingate is cautiously electricity generators. Cap-and-trade programs are designed to optimistic on the subject of China and renewables, particularly reward polluters when emissions are reduced under the cap. This in light of its recent passage of the landmark Chinese Renewable seems like a reasonable starting point, but in practice it rewards the Energy Promotion Law. polluters for the emission reduction activities of clean energy The arrival of daughter Madeline in 2004 brought Wingate generators—the coal plant gets surplus allowances it can sell but the back to the domestic renewable energy arena. She is married wind plant gets nothing because it didn’t have allowances in the to Brad Drda, an expert with a San Francisco solid waste and first place.” The federal sulfur dioxide trading program is set up recycling company, whom she met when she was in the same field. this way, and, Wingate says, “it’s an unfortunate precedent. We’re “Love at the dump,” she says jokingly. trying to get it right for carbon.” She came to Duke after receiving her bachelor’s degree at the There’s no reason to believe that they won’t “get it right” if University of Colorado and spending five years in the waste indus- Wingate is involved. After all, as her colleagues say, she’s smart. try in San Francisco. Wingate reports that Duke supplied her with Creative. A quick thinker. Diplomatic. Enthusiastic. And she’s got key knowledge in international policy and climate change, and that the energy. the ability to distill a lot of information into a three-page paper is a Duke-taught skill that she uses continually. One classmate who has stayed in touch remembers her as a Lisa M.Dellwo is a freelance writer in Durham. “diplomatic and forceful” person who “doesn’t apologize for what she believes in.” Duke Forest Program Coordinator Richard Broadwell MEM’00 says, “She is fully invested in her beliefs as w w w. an environmentalist. She biked to school, she recycled and web sites to note she composted.” Center for Resource Solutions After receiving her Master of Environmental Management www.resource-solutions.org degree, she returned to the Bay Area and a job at San Francisco Green-e Renewable Electricity Certification Recycling and Disposal, then worked in air quality compliance for Program the Port of Oakland before hiring on at the newly created Center www.green-e.org for Resource Solutions. Jan Hamrin, the president and founder of

Meredith Wingate at work,around San Francisco and with her husband,Brad Drda,and their daughter,Madeline photos by Phil Schermeister C LASS N OTES sightings Class Notes

Gerry Hertel MF’68 is now with the Biology Department at the University of West Chester in Pennsylvania as a forest ecologist and entomologist. Even after retir- ing from the U.S. Forest Service in 2001, Gerry is still working with Gerard D.Hertel,West Chester them as a volunteer. In the summer University,www.forestryimages.org of 2004, he was part of a Forest Service team that went to Armenia, at that government’s Career Matters request, to evaluate insect and disease problems in the forested regions there and to offer recommendations for solutions. Asking for a Raise Scott Jones MF’81 is going to be a very busy man this year. Q. I’ve been working the same mid-level job for four years.My Scott’s Boston-based company, Forest Capital Partners, responsibilities have grown,but I’m getting only cost-of-living raises. recently acquired 2.2 million acres of timberland from Boise It’s becoming harder to live on what I’m making.Any advice? Cascade. Adhering to a strong sense of corporate responsibility and environmental stewardship, Forest Capital Partners has A. First,a caution,says Karen Kirchof,assistant dean for career services. “a deep commitment to the land, the environment, and the When requesting a raise,never bring your financial needs to the table. communities in which we live and operate.” Employers reward you for the value you bring to the organization,not because you need a new car.Document the activities that have earned Tom Goss MF’82 is working full-time at Kingston Maurward you a raise:developing new business,clients or partnerships,streamlin- College in Dorchester, Dorset, England, where he teaches ing processes in a way that saves the organization time or money, Ecology and Conservation, Tree and Woodland Management, securing increased project funding.Your organization also may value Ecology of Trees, Forests and Woodlands and Research the visibility it receives when you chair a professional society or board or Methods. Recently the library was clearing out some old stock, write a newspaper column. and he was able to purchase a copy of Elementary Forestry, co- authored by former Duke professor Fred White, for only 20p If you are asking for a raise without a promotion, keep in mind (40 cents)! Tom’s wife, Catherine, is a primary school teacher, that you are unlikely to garner more than 3 to 5 percent of your and they have three children, Robert, 15, Harry,13 and Juliet, 9. current salary. If you have taken on additional responsibilities, your job description may be completely outdated. Randy Mayes MEM’82 recently published a book examining the Think ahead and arrange a meeting with your supervisor phenomenal success of Kenyan runners, The Cybernetics of Kenyan prior to your annual review. Bring an updated job description Running: Hurry, Hurry Has No Blessing. Randy asserts that peak per- and a list of accomplishments to the meeting, along with a formance requires unique biological, cultural and psychological reasonable salary request. You can research salaries by looking at factors. He argues that, at this juncture in history, Kenyans professional society statistics and job advertisements. Ask your have the necessary components required to excel in professional boss for a decision within 2 to 3 weeks, and never use ultimatums. running. Randy is an athlete manager, writer, researcher and If your request is turned down, find out what you need to do sports marketing consultant in North Carolina. to get a raise in the future. You may need to add some skills to your portfolio or network more within the organization so that Craige Murray MF’82 is vice president for global manufacturing your work is more visible. If you decide to search for another job, and sourcing at Tubular Textile Machinery in Lexington, Ky. keep in mind that you should evaluate the total compensation He enjoys his work and also loves getting in the woods whenever package—including medical benefits, retirement plan, onsite possible. health club or day care. Your current position may be offering you more value than you realize. Kim Williams MF’86 sends word that her new position as total quality manager with Boise Packaging in Wallula, Wash., is Kirchof recommends the book Dynamite Salary Negotiations by Ron and Caryl going well. “Lots to learn, but I’m really enjoying the people Krannich,PhDs.And as always,feel free to contact the Office of Career Services and the change.” for advice,at 919-613-8016.

dukenvironment 34 C LASS N OTES

Bruce Bandorick MEM’90 formed Thunder Basin Environmental Brent Fewell MEM’91 has been appointed as deputy assistant Consulting Inc. (TBEC) in 1993 and provided environmental administrator for water at the U.S. Environmental Protection compliance services to the oil and gas industry of Wyoming and Agency. Brent has been serving as senior adviser since September the Rocky Mountain Region. In 2000, Bruce moved TBEC to 2004 when he joined the agency. Brent currently resides in Buffalo, Wyo., to be closer to the coal-bed methane (CBM) Potomac, Md., with his wife and their two daughters. production fields. TBEC and associates have perfected and patented a new method for treatment of CBM discharge water The Forest Landowners Association announced the selection of to remove barium and reduce alkalinity and bicarbonate. Bruce Guy T.Vise III MF’91 as the recipient of its 2005 Young Forest presented the CleanSweep-barium invention to the Strategic Landowner of the Year Award. The award is given annually to a Research Institute’s Fifth Annual Conference. TBEC’s Web site is young landowner who has made significant contributions to his or at www.tbeconline.com. her generation’s understanding and appreciation of forestry and land ownership. Matthew Durnin MEM’90 received his doctorate from the University of Michael Deane MEM’92 was named director of government affairs California-Berkeley in wildland for Monteco Holdings Ltd. and its affiliate, the Stormceptor resource science, with a concentration Group, in March. In this capacity, Michael has opened a in wildlife ecology in 2004. He and Washington, D.C., office for Monteco, a Toronto-based holding his wife, Stephanie Hallford, have company specializing in identifying and nurturing innovative returned to China, where Matt has early-growth stage engineering technologies and manufacturing studied wild giant pandas for many businesses. Stormceptor is a state-of-the-art system for the inter- years, so Matt can work with the ception and storage of urban pollutants from storm water flows. California Academy of Science as their mammalogist on a project in the Gaoligongshan area of Yunnan Rikki Grober-Dunsmore MEM’92 accepted the position of nation’s Province. ecologist for the National Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Center, tasked with designing a network of marine protected areas for the Katie Peichel ML’90 is an assistant member of the Division of nation. The MPA Center’s mission is to facilitate the effective use Human Biology at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in of science, technology, training, and information in the planning, Seattle, Wash. Katie recently developed an innovative model system management, and evaluation of the nation’s system of marine for her studies of human genetics, the stickleback fish. The stickle- protected areas. back model helps address one of the big challenges for disease research: how to sift through volumes of human genetic differ- Wallace “J.” Nichols MEM’92, director of the Blue Ocean ences to identify genes that define particular traits, such as Institute’s Pacific Ocean Region, oversees Blue Ocean Institute’s susceptibility to cancer and other diseases. SafeSeas Program, which is focused on making the oceans safe for migratory species like sea turtles, sea birds and marine mammals. Jeff Corser MEM’91 left Tennessee to work for the New York J. also is spearheading the Ocean Revolution, a program that Natural Heritage Program as a zoologist. Based in Albany, this inspires and networks the next generation of ocean conservation organization combines thorough field inventories, scientific analyses, leaders. His work was featured in the cover story of the Nov. 5 expert interpretation and the most comprehensive database on New edition of Time for Kids magazine. The story, “Turning the Tide for York’s distinctive biodiversity to deliver the highest quality infor- Sea Turtles,” examined a program in Mexico that is succeeding in mation for natural resources planning, protection, and management. increasing the population of olive ridley sea turtles.

Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 Named Tar Heel of the Week Elizabeth Gibbs MEM’91 was named Tar Heel of the Week by the Raleigh News & Observer, which featured her work as manager of the Durham Farmers’ Market in an Aug. 7, 2005, article. Gibbs is credited with the rapid growth of the 7-year-old market and cites her education at Duke for “planting the seeds for her deep commitment to sustainable agriculture.” A passionate advocate of buying locally and sustainably grown food, Gibbs juggles her farmer’s market work with her new job as educational programs coordinator for the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association. “Luckily, the two jobs mesh well most of the time,” she reports. She urges current and former Nicholas School students to take notice of the connection between agriculture and environmental stewardship. “Our agricultural practices have an enormous impact on the environment,” Gibbs says. “Food is not something that we can choose to do without, like we can give up smoking or not buy excess stuff. But agriculture needs to provide sufficient food for the population without destroying the land that the food is being taken from. That seems like such an obvious thing.” photo by Chris Seward, The News & Observer C LASS N OTES sightings Karen (Hopkins) Young MEM’93 and that Indonesia still needs assistance in various fields, from better her husband, Michael, welcomed governance and human resource development to better infrastruc- their first child, Macy, into the world ture and recovery from the tsunami, so he makes frequent business on Feb. 25, 2005. Karen is the trips to Indonesia. He also shares another piece of news: his wife, director of the Casco Bay Estuary Yuki, and he had their first baby girl, Saki, in October 2004. Project, one of the 28 U.S. EPA National Estuary Programs nation- Michael Dunn MEM’97 and his wife, Theresa Skowron Dunn, wide, in Portland, Maine. announce the birth of their daughter, Mary Michael Cecilia Dunn, on April 28, 2005. Mary Michael is their first child. Jim Blose MEM’94 has relocated from Durham to Asheville, N.C. Michael is a senior environmental manager for the Indiana Jim is now working for Equinox Environmental Consultation Department of Environmental Management. and Design Inc., which facilitates resource conservation and sustainable development by servicing private, public and nonprofit After having received his PhD from the University of Rhode interests with quality environmental planning and design. Island, Jeff Hollister MEM’97 has taken a position with the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) in Michael Andreu MF’95 testified in support of a bill to garner Washington, D.C. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, legislative support for the research efforts of the Forest Systems NEON enables studies on major environmental challenges at and Bio-Energy (FSB) program. The bill was introduced to the regional to continental scales. Scientists and engineers will use Washington State Senate Natural Resources, Ocean & Recreation NEON to conduct real-time ecological studies spanning all levels Committee in February 2005. Michael is currently a PhD candi- of biological organization and temporal and geographical scales. date at the College of Forest Resources, University of Washington. Rosana Abedin MEM’98 has taken a position with Booz Allen & Alumni Council member Michael W. Pentony E’87, MEM’96 Hamilton Inc. in McLean, Va. The global strategy and technology was a recipient of a 2004 National Oceanic & Atmospheric consulting firm provides services to major international corpora- Administration (NOAA) Honor Award. He was recognized, along tions and government clients around the world. with a co-winner, for devising solutions to the unique challenges associated with the development and implementation of the Skate Jim Reilly MEM’98, most recently legislative adviser on environ- Fishery Management Plan. Mike is a senior fishery policy analyst at ment and energy matters for Sen. Thomas Carper, D-Del., has the Sustainable Fisheries Division-Northeast Regulatory Office for not only moved off Capitol Hill, he’s working for another NOAA in Gloucester, Mass. country. Jim is now senior energy and environment adviser at the British Embassy in Washington. “The focus currently is on climate Norio Saito MEM’96 has returned to Tokyo, Japan, to work for change, but there’s a long list of issues that the two governments Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) after being will be talking about,” he says. A Wilmington, Del., native, Jim was posted at Bangkok, Thailand, for three years as a representative at formerly an aide to the Senate Commerce Oceans and Fisheries JBIC Bangkok Office. His current position is deputy director, Subcommittee. Division 2 of Development Assistance Department I, which is responsible for development assistance to Indonesia. Norio says Scott Babcock MEM’99 and his wife, Kelly, are the proud parents of a baby daughter, Claire Jessica, born Jan. 3, 2005. It’s Time for a Homecoming

We’d love to see you again at the Opportunities are available through Nicholas School! The Duke both our Continuing and Executive Environmental Leadership (DEL) Education Program and the DEL- Program of the Nicholas School pro- Master of Environmental vides unique opportunities for envi- Management degree program.The ronmental professionals to hone their DEL-MEM is a great choice for work- environmental management skills, ing environmental professionals who network with others in the field and want to continue to work while pur- stay on top of new developments. suing a degree from Duke University.

dukenvironment 36 C LASS N OTES Heather Jacobs, MEM’00, Paddles the Tar River Jon Gelbard MEM’99 has established Conservation Value, a not- This April, Heather Jacobs MEM’00 spent two weeks paddling for-profit, nonpartisan organization to increase public awareness the length of the Tar River by canoe in order to increase public of and access to practical environmental solutions. Through its awareness of the river’s importance to eastern North Carolina. Web site at www.conservationvalue.org, the organization will con- Jacobs, the Pamlico-Tar Riverkeeper since 2003, traveled the 140 nect people, companies and government officials with information miles with Kevin DeBruhl, a Sierra Club member from Rocky about steps that they can take to improve their finances, health and Mount. Along the way, they organized educational programs and quality of life while also benefiting the environment. trash pickups. On the last leg of the trip, a flotilla of 40 canoes and kayaks joined Jacobs and DeBruhl, traveling to Washington, Noriko Shoji MEM’99 has been named as coordinator for NOAA’s N.C., where the first Festival for Clean Water was held to coincide Pacific Islands Region, based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Pacific Islands with their arrival. The Paddle for Clean Water was widely reported Region (PIR) supports Hawaii and the U.S.- affiliated Pacific Islands. in the regional media and may become an annual event. Heather One of the most important functions of PIR is to maintain effective is employed by the Pamlico-Tar River Foundation, a local communications and coordinate closely in the many related programs nonprofit organization whose mission is to protect and improve that the NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and the Tar-Pamlico river, its estuaries and watershed. PIR share in this geographical area.

Kevin Wheeler MEM’99 has moved to Providence, R.I., where he Bonnie Millar MEM’02 has accepted the position of planning and is now working for Brown University as director of federal affairs stewardship coordinator with the Carolina Mountain Land in the Public Affairs and University Relations Office. Conservancy in Hendersonville, N.C. Bonnie will monitor all of the Conservancy’s protected properties and prepare conservation Xavier Grau MEM’00 has accepted a position with Inter-American plans for the Upper Broad River and French Broad River headwaters. Development Bank. Xavier will be working in the Bank’s Guyana office for the next three years. The IDB is the main source of John Terborgh MEM’02 is an ecotourism specialist for The Nature multilateral financing for economic, social and institutional Conservancy in its Arlington, Va., office. John works with development projects as well as trade and regional integration organizations, communities, the private sector and protected area programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. managers around the world to advance tourism that minimizes environmental impacts, incorporates ecologically sensitive archi- Shane Staten MEM’01 recently started working as an environ- tecture and land use design, and offers local people opportunities mental scientist and wetland biologist for Terra Technologies Inc., for compatible economic development. in St. Louis, Mo. The company specializes in using biotechnical engineering solutions for erosion control and stream stability Mike Dechter MEM’03 has moved from Washington, D.C. to problems. Shane is providing assistance on environmental permit- New Mexico to work as a National Environmental Policy Act ting projects including wetland assessments and delineations, coordinator for the Forest Service on the Santa Fe National Forest. stream system jurisdictional assessments, and construction over- The Santa Fe National Forest covers 1.6 million acres in the heart sight on bioengineering and wetland restoration projects. of north-central New Mexico that includes a dormant volcano with a 15-mile-wide crater (Valles Caldera National Preserve).

Upcoming Short Courses Certificate in the National Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Policy Act Environmental professionals can earn a Certificate in For more information on upcoming short Dec. 5–9, 2005 Register by Nov. 10 NEPA from Duke University by successfully completing a series of required and elective courses and a brief courses,our NEPA Certificate Program, Environmental Communication for Behavior research assignment.Duke’s NEPA courses and Certificate Change - ONLINE Program are co-sponsored by the Council on DEL-MEM,and other new and exciting Jan. 17 – Feb. 24, 2006 Register by Dec. 23 Environmental Quality,Executive Office of the President. programs,please visit our Web site at Accomplishing Community Environmental Nicholas School alumni receive a 10 percent discount on Goals on Capitol Hill* all short courses. www.nicholas.duke.edu/del April 10-12, 2006 Register by March 20 or call 919-613-8082. The Law of NEPA *Special 25 percent discount available for early registrants from nonprofits and municipal May 17-19, 2006 Register by April 25 governments, and for students and Duke alumni! C LASS N OTES sightings Julie Bloss Kelsey MEM ‘03 and her husband, John, are pleased to Environmental Services, Inc. has engaged Hillary (Geiser) Sherrill announce the arrival of Michael Joseph Kelsey. Michael was born MEM’05 as a field scientist. Hillary and husband, Joshua Sherrill, on April 7, 2005 (his Daddy’s birthday) and joins big brother are living in Fernandina Beach, Fla. Mark, 4. The family resides in Germantown, Md. Jeff Smith MEM’05 is with the National Marine Fisheries Service David Kaplan MEM’04 is working with the Charles River in Silver Spring, Md. He is working in the Office of Habitat Watershed Association in Waltham, Mass. One of the country’s Conservation, which interacts with the NOAA Fisheries Regional first watershed organizations, CRWA was formed in 1965 in Offices, to manage, conserve and enhance habitats for fishery response to public concern about the declining condition of the resources, protected species and other living marine resources. Charles. Initiatives over the last three decades have dramatically improved the quality of water in the watershed. Adam Spiller MEM’05 and wife, Marie, are staying in the Research Triangle. Adam is working for KCI Technologies Inc., as an Dylan Fuge MEM/JD’05 has accepted an associate’s position with environmental scientist in Raleigh. the law firm of Robinson & Cole LLP in Hartford, Conn. Anna Stark MEM’05 has joined Booz Allen Hamilton as a Andy Hecht MEM/JD’05 and his wife, Ashley G’02, and son, consultant. Errol, are moving to New York where Andy will join the law firm of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett as an associate. Another alumna at the EPA is Katie Wolff MEM’05. Katie is working in the Office of Water as an intern. Johanna Jobin MEM’05, EE Certificate’05 is working as a management consultant for Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. in Cambridge, Mass. CDM is a consulting, engineering, construction, and operations firm delivering service to public and Deaths private clients worldwide since 1947. W. N.“Hank” Haynes MF’49, on Feb. 17. PRIZIM Inc. selected Alexis Kingham MEM/MF’05 as senior Edward Earl Jones, T’49, MF’50, on March 24. environmental researcher in their Maryland office. PRIZIM is a John R.Warner T’46, MF’49, PhD’53, 83, on March 31. management consulting firm specializing in long- and short-term George L. Follett Sr. MF’51, on July 11. environmental, health, safety and energy issue solutions for its John A. Haislet MF’51, on May 24. clients. Edward Polaski Jr. MF’69, on Feb. 18. Walter Daryn Watkins T’93, on March 4. Liv Kirk MEM’05, EE Certificate’05, was chosen by General Stanley Martin Boyer MEM/MBA’99, on April 27. Electric Co. as a leadership fellow and began work in the Jean Lauer MEM’00, on March 28, after a six-and-a-half-year company’s Schenactady, N.Y., headquarters in September 2005. battle with brain cancer. If you would like to send a note to her parents, contact fellow alumna Kim Goodman at Kelly Kunert MEM’05 has accepted a position with the U.S. [email protected] for their address. Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, D.C., as an environmental protection specialist.

John Peng MEM’05 and his wife, Eunice, are relocating to Michigan where John will be working for the Ford Motor Co. What’s Your News? New job? New baby? Professional honor? Recent wedding? Your classmates Erin Seiling MEM’05 has been selected as the 2005–2006 Science want to know! Send your news (and photos) to: Communications Fellow for North Jeanine Holland Carolina Sea Grant. In the one-year Associate Director of Development for Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs fellowship, Erin will develop com- munications products for the N.C. Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Fishery Resources Grant Program Duke University • Box 90328 • Durham,NC 27708-0328 and the N.C. Blue Crab Research Fax:919-613-8077 • E-mail:[email protected] Program.

dukenvironment 38 C LASS N OTES Jeanine Holland to Manage the Nicholas School’s Alumni Affairs and Outreach Programs

Jeanine Holland has joined the Nicholas School as associate director of development for alumni affairs and outreach programs. She will plan and manage events for alumni and other school friends, such as Field Day and Nicholas Experience trips for gift club members. Additionally, she will manage the Alumni Council and oversee the alumni awards nomination process. Holland plans to keep alumni connected to the Nicholas School through these activities and by fos- tering networking between alumni and current students. Before joining the Nicholas School, Holland was assistant director for development and reunions at the Duke Law School and program coordinator for Perkins Library. Holland replaced Krista Bofill, who is now associate director of development for leadership > gifts and the annual fund. Charlotte Clark Receives Charles A. Dukes Award

Charlotte Reeves Clark T’79, MEM ’83, was presented the 2005 Following nearly 20 years in the work force after receiving her Charles A. Dukes Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service to degree, first conducting air pollution regulatory work for the U.S. Duke University by President Richard H. Brodhead at the Environmental Protection Agency, then as the director of the Volunteer Leadership Conference this fall. The award annually Nicholas School’s former Office of Continuing and Executive recognizes devoted volunteers who continually strive to promote Education—Clark is once again back in school. She is in her third the Duke tradition of excellence to its students, alumni and the year as a full-time doctoral candidate in the Nicholas School’s community beyond. Environmental Sciences and Policy division researching environ- Clark has volunteered and assumed leadership roles on several mental education as it pertains to decision-making by the general Duke committees, including the Women’s Athletic Scholarship public on issues of environmentally related behavior. Committee, the School of the Environment Alumni Council, the Between her volunteer activities, her work and student Annual Fund Reunion Leadership Committee, and, for five con- experience, she has been involved in many facets of the university, secutive years, the Duke Alumni Association Board of Directors. particularly regarding outreach and public education. Director of Alumni Admissions Carole LeVine says, “Charlotte Her adviser, Norman L. Christensen, professor of ecology is the type of alum that makes you proud to be associated with Duke. and founding dean of the Nicholas School, says, “There is no She is ‘True Blue’ and is willing to serve Duke in just about any way.” person I know more committed to Duke and the Nicholas School.”

‘Home’ Renovations Complete Nicholas School alumni have a newly renovated home page of your own! • submit and read class notes • update your contact information • read up on alumni and faculty news • find schedules for Field Day and other events • purchase Nicholas School merchandise • respond to alumni-only survey questions

Check out your new home page at www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/alumni. G IVING N EWS nature& nurture energizing environmental education Gendell Gift Sparks Expanded Energy and Environment Program— One of the Nation’s First to Approach Energy from a Multidisciplinary Perspective

by Laura Ertel together more than 300 leaders from structures that govern the way we use and industry, government, academia and create energy. Classes will cover topics such “Take a look around you and see how nonprofit agencies to discuss the future as supply and demand for energy in the important energy is in our environment.” of hydrocarbon-based energy. He served modern world; resource options, from Jeffrey Gendell did just that, and in on the forum’s advisory committee and conventional fuels to renewable and May it led him and his wife, Martha, to helped recruit several of the corporate alternative energy sources; environmental make a $2.15 million gift to support an participants. impacts of different forms of energy; expanded curriculum in energy studies at Using the success of the forum as a and the design of optimal policies and the Nicholas School. springboard, the Nicholas School launched regulations to protect the environment The gift will total $2.9 million when a Certificate in Energy and Environment while supplying energy to society. matching funds are included, and will sup- in fall 2004 that enabled graduate students While a number of other universities port two new full-time faculty positions in in the Master of Environmental Management offer advanced degrees in energy, the the school’s Energy and Environment pro- (MEM) and Master of Forestry (MF) graduates of those programs by and large gram. It also will endow initiatives includ- programs to take a series of courses that pursue technical or academic careers. By ing an energy research fund, a speakers’ gave them special expertise in the subject. contrast, the Nicholas School’s program series, a visiting executives program and a Eight students earned a certificate in May aims to prepare students to become leaders general fund to support energy innovation. 2005 (see related story, page 41); several and innovators in industry, government “Energy is one of the most complex and more took classes in the program. This and nonprofit agencies with an interest important issues influencing the future of year, a dozen students are working toward in energy. the environment,” Gendell says. “Energy a certificate. The new concentration will tap into issues have been facing our society for the faculty expertise at the Nicholas School, the last 20 years, and it’s going to take a lot of A new concentration; a broad understanding Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy time and effort to figure out how to solve Work is under way to make the program Solutions and across Duke’s campus to this problem—it won’t be solved overnight. a full-fledged Energy and Environment provide students with an intensive two-year The most important thing is to put together concentration in the graduate professional course of interdisciplinary study with a a program that really contributes to both program—making it the eighth track practical, real-world perspective. The teaching students and solving the problems.” available to MEM students at Duke—and Energy and Environment Program has the Jeff Gendell first became involved with to extend it to undergraduates. The potential to become the most interdiscipli- the Nicholas School as plans were under concentration will give students a broad nary of the concentrations offered to MEM way for a Nicholas Leadership Forum on understanding of the science and technology and MF students, encompassing physical energy in March 2004, “Creating a of energy, the environmental impacts of science, economics and policy, and reach- Sustainable Energy Future,” brought energy, and the economic, policy and legal ing out to the Duke Law School, the Fuqua

dukenvironment 40 G IVING N EWS

School of Business, the Terry Sanford away corporations.” The Gendells’ gift will support two full- Institute of Public Policy and the Pratt In these challenges, Gendell saw an time faculty positions: the Gendell Family School of Engineering. For undergraduates, opportunity. Professorship, to recruit an established efforts have begun to create 100—level expert in the energy field to help quickly courses in energy and to develop a formal ‘Attack energy from all sides’ take the program to the next level, and the academic track focusing on energy and “I think it’s very important that you look Gendell Family Associate Professorship, for the environment. at energy from the environmental angle,” an up-and-coming junior faculty member Gendell, who graduated from Duke he says. “A lot of other schools approach in the field. It also will lay the foundation University with a degree in economics in energy from the perspective of environ- for endowment funds to support energy 1981, is a general partner of Tontine mental engineers or petroleum engineers, research, the speakers’ series, a visiting Associates LLC, an investment firm based which is very applicable and important. executives program, and energy innovation in Greenwich, Conn. He and his wife have Business schools and law schools approach projects by faculty and students. made gifts to the university for years— energy from their angles. But very few “The speakers’ series is a great way for among them, the modems that enable places attack energy from all sides, and I alumni and others in the energy field to get students camping in Krzyzewskiville (the think one thing that’s missing in this involved, to volunteer to come in and talk tent village that pops up for weeks before country is that people aren’t looking at to students about current topics in the each big Blue Devil basketball game) to environmental issues from all sides. The environment, about their career paths, and stay connected to their schoolwork—but he Nicholas School has the opportunity to to share their perspective. The most impor- was looking for an opportunity to make a create a forum where students can get a tant thing we need to do now is to get bigger impact. well-rounded view of energy and the students involved in this program on both “We tend to donate things to people environment. the graduate and undergraduate level, and where there’s not a natural constituency “Supporting an initiative such as the the best way to do that is to show them what to donate,” he says. “For example, many Nicholas School’s Energy and Environment we can offer them.” Master of the Environment Management Program will help foster future leadership Gendell is particularly excited about degree graduates don’t make enough and innovation to meet these challenges by the potential to bring this perspective money to give large gifts to the school. training students to think broadly and to Duke undergraduates in the future. Plus, while many law and business schools strategically about energy policy, manage- “Undergraduates will be able to come draw corporations to interview and talk ment and research,” he continues. “As out of this program, then go out and get with students and provide financial someone who studies the energy industry professional degrees in law, engineering, support, environmental programs have a for a living, I am acutely aware of the business and public policy so they can apply more difficult time, because they inherently profound challenges society faces in finding their environmental expertise to a specific are advocates, and they kind of scare safe, reliable sources of energy for the future.” area, he said.”

Energy and Environment Experience Boosts Students’Careers

From the popularity of an original short course on energy and quality class that touched on energy issues, and it piqued my the environment, to a seminar on clean electricity from interest. Then I had the opportunity to take Simon Rich’s class. It sustainable energy technologies, student interest has been the was fantastic, particularly because the teacher was a practitioner in driving force behind the creation of the Nicholas School Energy the field and had a lot of real world experience, so he could make and Environment Program. the problems much more real.” Recently, two of the first graduates of the Energy and (Simon Rich, Nicholas School Board of Visitors chair and a Environment Certificate Program shared their thoughts on the former energy executive, started the course in Spring 2003. See importance of this program and its value as they launch their careers. Dukenvironment story at www.nicholas.duke.edu/dukenvironment/sp03/ • • • log-ceo.html.) Lena Hansen MEM’05 was the first student to earn an Energy By the time she had helped design the energy forum, and Environment Certificate to complement her Master of Hansen’s interest in a career in the energy field was cemented. Environment Management concentration in environmental “Energy is such a huge, pervasive problem. It’s very multidisciplinary, economics and policy. She was a key organizer of the Nicholas and very few schools have tackled it from a multidisciplinary Leadership Forum “Creating a Sustainable Energy Future,” the perspective. Duke is one of the first to do that, and that’s really March 2004 event that kicked off the creation of the Energy and exciting. Because of the nature of the Nicholas School and the Environment program, and created a seminar on renewable energy. resources available across the Duke campus in business, law, “I came into the Nicholas School planning to do urban design policy and engineering, this school really is well placed to address and smart growth,” she says. “My first semester, I took an air this issue.” G IVING N EWS nature& nurture Lincoln Pratson, faculty director of the Gendells’ generosity will allow the Nicholas For more information about the Nicholas School’s Energy and Environment program is School to bring people with those skill sets Energy and Environment Program, contact Pratson at grateful to the Gendells for their catalyzing to the university and to take the lead at [email protected] or 919-681-8077. gift. “Jeff understands the energy industry Duke in addressing our world’s most Admissions information is available through the broadly, so he has a great feel for the pressing energy issues. Nicholas School’s Office of Enrollment Services at challenges that we face and the need for “We are indebted to Jeff and Marty [email protected] or 919-613-8070. improvement. This gift is enabling us to for their generosity and foresight,” Pratson Or visit the energy certificate Web site at transform the idea of creating a program says. “But this is just the beginning. We www.nicholas.duke.edu/programs/professional/ in Energy and Environment here in the hope that other like-minded individuals energycert.html. Nicholas School into a reality. There are and organizations will see this as an many resources across the university that opportunity to partner with us in can be brought to bear on the issue of building a cutting-edge program that Laura Ertel is a freelance writer based in Durham,N.C. energy, but until now, we have not had will benefit our students and allow us to anyone at Duke who could focus on the address these issues in a serious way.” issue of energy on a full-time basis. The

Hansen now works at the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), a Following graduation Weaver was hired back by AEP as a nonprofit organization based in Snowmass, Colo., that conducts full-time strategic policy analyst in their Columbus, Ohio, research and consulting projects on sustainability issues. She headquarters. He is responsible for running AEP’s environmental interned in RMI’s Hawaii office last year as part of the Stanback compliance optimization model, which shows how the company Internship Program, then joined the energy team in Snowmass can best meet environmental requirements, and for providing after graduating. Hansen’s main focus is on electric utility policy analysis surrounding current environmental issues that face AEP and helping companies understand how to integrate renewable and the energy industry. His boss, Bruce H. Braine, participated energy into their systems. Last year, she helped RMI write a book, in the Nicholas Leadership Forum last year. Winning the Oil End Game, on how the United States can profitably Though the Energy and Environment Certificate Program, substantially decrease or eliminate its consumption of oil in the Weaver says he learned a lot about the industry and its environ- next 20 years. mental implications. “The general knowledge I picked up in the • • • program will definitely help me professionally. I’m a step ahead of Scott Weaver completed the Energy and Environment what they’d expect out of most people coming into this type of Certificate Program with the program’s first class in May 2005, position, as far as my knowledge of the energy industry.” also graduating with an MEM with a concentration in environ- mental economics and policy. —Laura Ertel “I always saw myself working in an industry such as energy, and I had a particular interest in the environmental side of energy production,” he says. “When the certificate program came up, I thought it was a good opportunity for me to get some background and have something on my resume related to the energy sector. Last summer, I interned as a strategic policy analyst at American Electric Power (AEP), and I found that the Energy and Environment curriculum supplemented what I learned there.” Last fall, through the Energy and Environment Certificate Program’s course in hydrocarbon production and policy, Weaver took part in a field trip to Houston, the epicenter of the world’s energy industry. Students spent four days touring oil refineries and chemical plants and peppering plant managers with questions about their operations. “AEP is a large electric power producer, so this trip gave me a chance to see the oil and gas side of energy Lena Hansen production.”

dukenvironment 42 G IVING N EWS

LaDane Williamson’s Gift to the Nicholas School Marks a Lifetime of Commitment to the Environment and its Link to Health by Laura Ertel Carolina, South Carolina and New York. The school’s suggestion that Williamson A graduate of Duke University, she has designate her gift as unrestricted support, LaDane Williamson has been interested in remained involved with her alma mater rather than toward a specific program or the environment and environmental health over the years, attending basketball games as purpose, appealed to the business woman’s for as long as she can remember. a season ticket holder and serving on the instincts. And now she is giving back through a Nicholas School’s Board of Visitors from “I like the idea of having a fund that gift to the Nicholas School with proceeds 1996 to 2002. She is good-thinking people that will equal $2 million. a member of the can use to further As a child growing up in Shallotte and James B. Duke enhance the direction Ocean Isle Beach on the coast of North Society, which that the school has Carolina, she used to accompany her recognizes individuals taken,” Williamson father, a successful land developer as well as who have supported says. “I hope that it a six-term state senator, on long car trips the university with will be used in ways to meet with the men who were clearing $100,000 or that allow more streams and taking care of his land. more in gifts. people to become By the time Williamson had her own After years of knowledgeable about, children in the 1970s, she was mindful of thinking about the and aware of, the connection between the environment best way for her to different environ- and what we eat, and how that can impact contribute to the mental issues.” our health. In those days, organic and Nicholas School, “This is the kind natural foods weren’t as readily available as Williamson recently of gift that deans they are today, so Williamson prepared her decided to make a gift dream of getting,” own baby foods. In fact—she laughs as she to support academic said William H. remembers—for her oldest son’s first and research programs Schlesinger, dean of birthday, she refused to serve him chocolate, at the school. the Nicholas School. instead baking him a cake made with carob! Proceeds from her “It gives the school As she began her own career in land gift resulted in a $2 million unrestricted great flexibility to address the most pressing management and land development, endowment, including $500,000 in needs of our students and faculty, and it Williamson remained acutely aware of matching funds, which will provide support enhances our ability to strengthen and environmental issues. She served as mayor for student scholarships and fellowships, diversify our academic and research of Ocean Isle Beach for 14 years, and as a classroom and field instruction, facility resources in response to, and anticipation member of the Coastal Management upgrades, technology acquisition, faculty of, changing environmental priorities. Advisory Board and the Cape Fear Capital research and other critical needs at It truly is a far-sighted gift.” Area Government. In those roles, she was the school. Williamson spent two years as New York very involved with environmental protection In recognition of the gift, the Nicholas State Finance Chair for the Democratic as it relates to development issues such as School plans to name its Environmental Party, helping to get Hillary Clinton waste management and water quality and Health Wing in Williamson’s honor—a elected to the Senate. Today, she splits her their effect on communities, as well as fitting tribute to a woman who cares so time between homes in Ocean Isle Beach, preserving coastal resources and protecting much about environmental health. New York City, and northern Durham. environmental health. “As we have become more knowledgeable, She travels frequently, most recently to She was so well known in this field that, we have also become more aware of how Aspen to vacation with her daughter, who is in the late 1980s, she was even asked to environmental issues affect our health and a graduate student at the Nicholas School. debate coastal issues with renowned Duke our welfare,” she says. “Over the years, we Williamson also has two grown sons. Geology Professor Orrin Pilkey live on have developed a greater understanding In the years to come, countless students “The Today Show.” With Jane Pauley as her of how certain decisions impact other and faculty members will benefit from witness, Williamson recalls, the two had a systems—water contamination, garbage Williamson’s generosity. And when she lively debate, and she was able to get Pilkey disposal locations, mold, radioactivity, visits the LaDane Williamson Environmental to agree publicly with several of her points. lead in paint, all make a difference. When Health Wing, there will be a celebration. Williamson is owner of the LaDane I became familiar with the Nicholas School, Carob cake, anyone? Williamson Company, a diversified land I was impressed at how committed it was development, golf management and real to broadly addressing environmental Laura Ertel is a freelance writer based in Durham,N.C. estate sales firm with operations in North health issues.” G IVING N EWS nature& nurture

New Endowments* Established During 2005-2006 Fiscal Year

Angle-Trustin Family Fund Friends of the Earth Fund Leister Family Marine Lab Fund Established: 2005 Established: 2005 Established: 2005 By: Marcia A. Angle M’81, H’84 and By: Dan F. Gabel T’60, P’02 By: Susan Elliot T’74 and Mark S. Trustin Purpose: Provides fellowships to Nicholas Craig D. Leister L’74 Purpose: Provides unrestricted support for School students with a preference given to Purpose: Provides unrestricted support for the Nicholas School. students who are associated with Friends of the Marine Lab. the Earth International or students with an Ned and Nina Bonnie Fund interest in creative environmental advocacy. Summer Legislative Fellowship Fund Established: 2005 Established: 2005 By: Robert F. Bonnie F’94 Pricey Taylor Harrison Fund By: An anonymous donor Purpose: Provides unrestricted support for Established: 2005 Purpose: Provides fellowships to Nicholas the Nicholas School. By: Melanie Taylor P’05 in honor of her School students who have secured a sum- sister, Pricey Taylor Harrison T’80 mer internship with the legislative branch Kathleen Clay Farland Fund Purpose: Provides unrestricted support to of the United States federal government. Established: 2005 the Program for the study of Developed By: Melanie Taylor P’05 in honor of her Shorelines. daughter, Kathleen Clay Farland T’05 *See stories on the Gendell Family and (Environmental Science and Policy) Leister Family Nicholas School Fund LaDane Williamson gifts on pages 40 and 43. Purpose: Provides unrestricted support Established: 2005 for the Marine Lab with preference to By: Susan Elliot T’74 and defraying costs of study abroad field trips. Craig D. Leister L’74 Purpose: Provides unrestricted support for the Nicholas School.

dukenvironment 44 G IVING N EWS

Duke Energy Pledges $2.5 Million for Industry-University Collaboration on Climate Change Policy

Duke Energy has pledged $2.5 million to The Climate Change Policy Partnership the kind of detailed, data-rich scientific Duke University to support the Climate will fund more than 30 Duke Energy model that will be a useful forecasting tool – Change Policy Partnership—a new industry- Research Fellowships for graduate students not only for decision makers here but also university collaboration that will develop from Duke and other North Carolina in similar states and regions nationwide,” policies to address the problems of global universities to work with researchers on said Robert B. Jackson, professor of biology climate change, Duke University President these projects. and environmental sciences and director of Richard H. Brodhead announced this fall. Partners will share findings with govern- Duke’s Center on Global Change. The new partnership will pool the ment, corporate and environmental leaders Tim Profeta, director of the Nicholas expertise of The Nicholas School, the nationwide, including the North Carolina Institute, said, “I cannot think of a better Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Climate Change Task Force. founding participant in the Nicholas Solutions, The Center on Global Change “In the absence of mandatory federal Institute than Duke Energy. The leadership and Duke Energy, as well as other corporate policy, many corporations and state govern- shown by Duke Energy and Paul Anderson and academic partners from across the ments are moving forward with their own on global warming is laudable, and we look Southeast, Brodhead said. climate change initiatives, and corporations forward to helping the company decipher Duke Energy’s gift will come in two face questions every day, including those the best ways to tackle this generation’s segments: $1.5 million to fund Phase I of involving long-lived investments, with little greatest environmental challenge.” the partnership, expected to be completed understanding on how the country will As the partnership expands and recruits by January 2007; and an additional $1 million proceed on this issue,” said Paul M. Anderson, more academic and corporate participants, to fund Phase II, which depends on the chairman of the board and chief executive researchers will begin studies of the carbon- successful completion of the first phase and officer of Duke Energy, which is a founding reducing potential of other options such as the recruitment of other corporate partners. participant in the Nicholas Institute. renewable energy and enhanced vehicle fuel During the partnership’s first phase, “A cohesive approach, informed by efficiency technologies. researchers will assess the environmental sound science and economics, is needed “By expanding the scope of the Climate and economic costs and benefits of federal to align these efforts,” Anderson said. Change Policy Partnership, we bring more policy options for addressing emissions of “Duke Energy and Duke University partners to the table and gain a broader carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, share a common conviction that the perspective of the challenge and opportunities which most scientists view as a cause of purpose of this partnership must be to ahead,” said Richard J. Osborne, group vice global warming. apply, not merely accrue, knowledge,” president of public and regulatory policy at These policies include market-based said William H. Schlesinger, dean of Duke Energy. cap-and-trade programs and a nationwide the Nicholas School. “Providing decision “We are eager for other partners to join tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels. makers with factual, timely counsel, free us in this endeavor, particularly those Cap-and-trade programs are those that set of political spin, is critical.” involved in agriculture, forest products, overall authorized caps on emissions for sources Much of the data used by researchers in energy and transportation,” Osborne said. and allow the buying and selling of those the Climate Change Policy Partnership will “A viable policy to address global climate emissions authorizations. Researchers at the be specific to North Carolina, but their change must encourage reduced carbon Nicholas Institute will lead these initiatives. reports and research findings will have emissions from all sources and segments of Researchers at the Center on Global broad applicability to policy considerations our economy, not just a few.” Change will assess the potential for using at all levels of government. carbon sequestration to store atmospheric “Collectively, we have access to decades carbon dioxide in forests, soils or under- of data from field studies in North Carolina. ground reservoirs. This is a remarkable resource for creating G IVING N EWS annual fund honor roll 2004 – 2005 Annual Fund Honor Roll The Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences wishes to thank all of the alumni, parents and friends who generously contributed to the Nicholas School, Duke Marine Laboratory and Earth and Ocean Sciences/Geology Annual Funds. Your ongoing support plays a vital role in the continuing success of our students, faculty and school programs. This list recognizes gifts received for the Annual Fund from July 1, 2004 through June 30, 2005. We also recognize those dual gift club members who are Environmental Pacesetters. • Their consecutive giving years are noted in parentheses after their name. $25,000 + Kathryn A.Weichert Kranbuhl T'96 T'98 Sarah Bond Tompson N'45 N'47 (19) Eric L. Hiser L'89 G'89 (11) Marcia A. Angle M'81 H'84 Kathryn H. Kranbuhl T'96 (5) Evelyn Rivers Wilbanks G'56 (5) Kathryn Boeckman Howd T'79 (17) Ann Douglas Cornell T'75 (4) M. Kipp Kranbuhl T'98 (5) George D.Wilbanks T'53 M'56 (5) Lois-Ann Schack Hug Jamee J. Field P'02 (4) Page Kranbuhl Richard E. Hug T'56 F'57 (24) Marshall Field V P'02 (5) Jean Lauer * F'00 (4) $1,000 to $2,499 Patricia L. Jolie F'81 (11) Shelli Lodge-Stanback Christina Dowding Nicholas Jayshree R. Amin P'06 Gerald Paul Jones J.Thomas McMurray E'76 G'78 G'80 (4) J. K. Nicholas T'89 B'96 (2) Rajan R. Amin P'06 Virginia Joslin-Hastings W'70 (3) Connie Stevenson Semans N.J. Nicholas, Jr. (2) William C. Banzhaf T'79 Robert L. Kempf F'70 Emily M. Semans Peter M. Nicholas, Jr.T'92 B'98 Daniel J. Becker T'81 (3) Shelley Lee Kempf Nellie M. Semans P'91 P'90 (5) Scott H. Peters T'80 Jody Becker Nannerl O. Keohane (11) Truman T. Semans P'90 P'91 (9) Randolph K. Repass E'66 Joel Owen Benson T'88 (2) Robert Keohane (11) William Merrick Semans T'91 Nancy Aikens Rich W'69 (6) Leigh Alvarado Benson T'88 (2) Kenneth H. Krieger (11) Truman T. Semans, Jr.T'90 B'01 (6) Simon B. Rich, Jr.T'67 (6) Mary B. Bierly * (3) Marguerite Dravo Krieger W'45 (11) Bradford Graham Stanback T'81 (20) Sally-Christine Rodgers Richard H. Bierly (9) Tiffany W. LeBleu T'85 Mark Trustin (3) Lisa Dellwo Schlesinger (4) Joshua H. Bond G'08 (2) Todd Howle LeBleu T'85 H'93 (2) William H. Schlesinger (4) Elizabeth Eller Booke W'56 (10) John Webster Leslie Jr. $10,000 to $24,999 Virginia Finley Shannon T'88 (2) Henry M. Booke (10) Laura B. Leslie T'80 (2) Bruce Cummings P'91 Carolyn Thomas (3) Margo A. Brinton W'66 (2) Eric T. Levy T'97 Myrna P.Cummings W'60 Norwood A.Thomas Jr. * T'55 Peter F.Brucato, Jr.T'78 G'80 G'88 (15) Mary B. Litofsky Ann Bunny Gabel W'60 (6) Edwin Kenneth Thrower Charles P.Bugg * T'47 N. Scott Litofsky T'81 (18) F.Daniel Gabel, Jr.T'60 (6) Elizabeth Thrower W'60 (5) Mabel Bugg (9) Marie T. Lott W'72 (16) Craig D. Leister L'74 (3) Ashlin Thomas Wilbanks Robert T. Cadwallader, Jr.T'69 Timothy J. Lott Susan E. Leister T'74 Wayne F.Wilbanks T'82 (18) Celia Campbell-Mohn T'84 (2) Anne Henderson Love W'48 (6) Mark D. Masselink T'79 (2) Douglas C.Wolf T'75 Frederick S. Campbell-Mohn (2) Nash M. Love E'46 (6) Priscilla C. Masselink T'79 (2) Laura Z. Zimmerman W'67 (5) Robert Franklin Cardwell T'83 (2) Byron C. Lynch, Jr. (18) Anne B. Mize W'68 (13) Todd V. Zimmerman Steven C. Carhart Linda W. MacDonald (5) Fatine Kourakos Prager P'08 Norman L. Christensen (14) H.J. MacDonald, Jr.T'65 (5) Richard L. Prager T'81 (18) $2,500 to $4,999 Portia Christensen Lisa J. Mackintosh Celia A. Roady T'73 L'76 (8) Elsa G. Ayers P'93 P'90 P'91 (8) Lisa R. Colby-Jones T'79 James A. Marsh, Jr.T'63 (2) Stephen E. Roady L'76 (8) Jere A. Ayers P'93 P'90 P'91 (8) Luckett V. Davis G'58 G'62 (13) Hilary J. Martin T'74 Arthur L. Smith T'74 Claire M. Barry W'68 (2) Sylvia A. Earle G'66 G'56 GHON'93 (10) Edwin H. Martinat * T'45 Janis L. Smith Thomas R. Barry T'67 (2) Jean S. Faber (10) Martha Y.Martinat W'46 Melanie Anne Taylor T'05 (3) Margaret Rouse Bates W'63 (17) Lee E. Faber T'64 (10) Gail Swinger McCormick T'73 (3) Jody Wolfe F'97 Robert Hinrichs Bates (11) Martha C. Farmer W'71 G'79 (8) Rodney Ivan McCormick * G'73 David S. Brody P'02 (11) Carolyn M. Ferrari Ellen G. McKee P'06 $5,000 to $9,999 Laura C. Brody P'02 (11) J.Tomlinson Fort W'55 (18) Thomas W. McKee T'73 Lawrence B. Benenson T'89 Howard Aldridge Coffin James Kevin Foskett T'74 Barbara W. Mckenzie P'09 Willis E. Brown III T'74 Elisabeth Stanger Cook T'73 (20) Kathy S. Froelich Michael D. McKenzie T'70 (9) L. Hartsell Cash T'45 (2) Russel C. Cook T'72 (21) Philip N. Froelich, Jr.T'68 (8) Sharolyn R. Medina T'87 (3) Elizabeth Close Robert A. Fesenmyer F'05 (2) Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. G'88 L'88 (2) Henry L. Meyer III P'06 Kenneth H. Close T'81 (16) Susan B. Fesenmyer P'05 (2) Carol B. Garbutt P'89 (19) Jane K. Meyer P'06 (3) Hugh Cullman (16) Abigail Beckwith Field T'02 John T. Garbutt, Jr. P'89 (19) Ann S. Micara (4) Nan O. Cullman (4) Audrey Gorter P'87 P'81 Arthur J. Garceau T'50 (11) Francis A.E. Micara T'44 (11) Gary W. Dickson (4) James P.Gorter P'87 P'81 (16) Jacqueline Page Garceau Kristen H. Monahan T'82 A'85 (10) Jeanne Dickson Melinda M. Hall T'79 (19) Anthony F.Garvin T'84 B'89 (6) Michael Monahan David Wallace Douglas P'04 P'06 (5) Marilyn Agnes Harrison W'71 (4) Cambridge F.Glenn (6) Barbara H. Morris N'78 (8) Deborah S. Douglas T'73 (5) R. Keith Harrison, Jr. E'70 (4) Peggy Dean Glenn (6) Stephen G. Morris Karen Scott Gardner Patricia R. Hatler T'76 (4) Harvey J. Goldman T'68 Anne T. Mosley F'81 Steven Dwight Gardner T'83 (3) Christian R. Holmes T'09 (9) Judith Goldman P'01 P'98 Esther B. Pardue W'62 (20) Jeffrey Lund Gendell T'81 Noel Anne Holmes P'09 Stephen A. Goldman Leonard G. Pardue III T61 (19) Martha P.Gendell Margaret A. Lawrence G'03 F'03 (3) Virginia Streusand Goldman T'79 (21) Eldon E. Park Lynn E. Gorguze T'81 (12) Robert S. Lawrence, Jr. B'03 Cecil L. Goodnight (3) Charles T. Paul E'62 (8) Jane T. Hahn P'06 (3) Michael John Mars T'91 (3) Judy Goodnight Carolyn K. Penny W'57 (14) John S. Hahn T'74 (12) Sarah Robbins Mars Hana Hakim (4) Wade H. Penny, Jr.T'57 L'60 (14) Linda Ann Heintzelman Lawrence J. Pratt Jamal A. Hakim T'83 (5) Judy M. Piotrowski Richard G. Heintzelman F'69 (28) Anne G. Salenger P'04 (8) Nancy W. Harper (2) Robert G. Piotrowski G74 Christine Hertz Gary H. Salenger T'62 (12) Wayne Lee Harper T'74 M'78 (4) Nancy Joyce Rawlings T'85 (3) George C. Hixon P'02 (7) Isabelle Sullivan Sharon Thompson Hart Elizabeth B. Reid W'53 (11) Karen Hixon P'02 (6) J. Blake Sullivan F'89 Thomas L. Hart F'67 (5) Whitelaw Reid T'84 (2) James M. Kellogg T'65 Raymond E. Sullivan * T'26 Douglas A. Hastings T'71 (3) David Allen Renken T'83 (19) Sally Anne Kellogg W'65 Eric Hunter Thornton T'85 Jeffrey Alan Heller T'77 (13) Jamie Renken Sally S. Kleberg W'66 (13) Reade Y.Tompson G'45 (16) Nancy F.Heller T'78 (17) Meredith Rose Sasser T'94 (2)

dukenvironment 46 Pearl F.Schechter P'68 Edward D. Cowell, Jr.T'56 (21) Thomas J. O'Hara Christopher A. Daniels E'98 B'05 Sol Schechter P'68 (10) Elizabeth Pennington Cowie T'86 (4) Billy B. Olive E'48 (17) Sarah L. Daniels T'00 F'05 Carol L. Newsham Schreiber T'74 (5) James Judson Cowie T (4) Helen Eve Olive Nicole G. Desrosiers T'05 William Schreiber T. Spencer Crowley, III T'96 (3) Linda Marie Palumbo T'87 (13) Luke Jay Dollar T'95 G'09 G'05 Helen McKeever Schwarz Marie Anne Scheller Daniels W'54 (7) Kim Parker Natalia E. Dorfman T'05 Robert L. Schwarz T'41 (8) Eugene O. Daniels (4) Charles H. Parker, Jr.T'77 (2) Alvaro S. Drevon T'05 Victoria L. Shaw Bonnie Jinnette Dauterman T'91 (3) Frank Caldwell Patton III T'82 (11) Paris B. Edwards T'05 T'05 Bartow S. Shaw, Jr. F'64 (29) John Frederick Dauterman M'96 T'90 (3) Gregory Bruce Paxton Lisa B. Engler F'05 E. Jean Slinn Alexander Thayer Davison T'49 F'50 (28) Almuth F.Payne Amanda M. Fairley T'05 Ronald J. Slinn G'69 (18) Mary Cline Davison N'47 (13) Brian R. Payne F'62 (32) Rongrong Fan T'05 Barbara C. Smit T'79 (4) Emory S. De Castro T'79 (8) Elizabeth D. Peloso E'78 (3) Maura M. Farver T'05 Neil Smit, Jr.T'80 (3) Gertrude T. Deyle Robert A. Peloso Gordon R. Feighner F'05 Nancy Watkins Sommer WC'52 (16) Robert Eaton Deyle F'77 Jack B. Perkins E'94 Robert D. Ferguson T'96 B'05 John R. Spangler * Anne C. Dowling T'92 Nancy R. Perkins F'97 T'93 (2) Patrick A. Flight T'05 Margaret O. Spangler W'45 (9) Clifford S. Duke G'86 G'85 (3) Jennifer Joy Peters F'88 Dylan M. Fuge L'05 F'05 Katherine Goodman Stern W'46 (18) Matthew R. Eggers T'96 (3) Shelba Glenn Pew G'41 Jacob R. Gillen T'05 Sidney J. Stern Jr. * P'80 Joyce Estill Daniel Cole Popowics T'88 (9) Julie A. Griffin T'05 Isabel Combs Stuebe W'64 (4) Robert W. Estill (8) Joan Bresnan Popowics T'88 (12) Charles T. Hagan IV E'05 William Henry Stuebe P'95 P'02 (4) Gilmer C. Ewing T'76 (10) Robin L. Puckett W'60 Ian C. Han T'05 Judith Tager Shauna Tilly Farmer T'86 M'90 (10) Scott C. Puckett Andrew A. Hecht L'05 F'05 Milton L.Tager E'50 Thomas Hackney R.Farmer T'85 M'90 (10) E. J. Puzak (9) Adam D. Hosmer-Henner T'05 Mary Price Taylor Harrison T'80 (11) Gloria Farrar John C. Puzak G'74 (9) Timothy J. Hyer T'06 T'05 Cathy J.Tschannen Michael C. Farrar (3) Merry G. Rabb T'77 G'80 G'80 (4) Alexis Kingham F'05 Claire T.Tuttle William T. Freeman T'50 (2) Robert D. Rabb (4) Whitney E. Kirk F'05 Randall S.Tuttle T'85 Julie McAllister Friedman Kenneth H. Reckhow (3) Paul A. Klenk E'01 G'08 G'05 Susan Varney Kenneth H. Friedman T'82 Ellen Reckhow (3) Kelly S. Kunert F'05 Norman A.Varney, Jr.T'73 (11) Charles L. Gallegos T'73 (9) Jeannine D. Reese David A. Lewis T'05 Frederick Vosburgh T'72 G'78 (4) David W. Gerhardt F'79 Mitchell Crawford Reese T'73 Carson W. Maxted F'05 Roberta G.Williams WC'63 Jody Rae Hepp Gerhardt Scott F.Rehmus T'92 (12) Jeffrey A. Miller T'05 Richard John Zaino M'75 (8) Alberto Goetzl F'79 Wingfield E. Rehmus M'96 (8) Molly C. Nicholson T'05 Sarah M. Zaino T'74 (8) Cyrus L. Gray III T'62 Susan L. Reiser T'81 (10) Kim Noel T'05 Elsa R. Zollars W'56 (2) Malinda Edwards Gray W'63 Edward M. Riegel T'77 (18) Anjali S. Patel T'05 William B. Zollars E'55 (2) Wendy A. Hamilton T'93 (8) Phyllis Joan Smith Riegel Caroline Paulsen T'05 Diane Jane Hardy W'67 (15) Annette B. Satterfield W'64 Mary C. Peavey T'05 $500 to $999 Robert G. Hardy T'66 (15) Rose Morton Sayre * Margaret E. Peloso T'05 Charles D. Amsler T'80 (22) Constance Mackey Harley W'49 G'54 (14) Clifford L. Sayre, Jr. E'47 (15) John Peng F'04 F'05 Margaret O'Leary Amsler (6) Eugene L. Harley M'57 (14) Shelley Schultz Channa L. Pickett T'06 T'05 Robert Ryoichi Ando E'73 (9) Elizabeth P.Hemme T'06 Thomas A. Schultz (2) Francesca M. Pignataro T'05 Rosanna Ando Hal S. Hemme T'72 Elizabeth T. Schwarze T'87 James T. Pineda T'05 Elaine K. Barber (2) Derek B. Hess T'92 Catherine H. Sheafor T'88 (12) Alexa Ramirez T'05 John Barber (16) David E. Hinton (2) Douglas Houston Sheafor T'88 (12) Julie L. Reber T'05 Margaret M. Barber T'74 (16) Judith J. Hinton Brian M. Shivers T'02 T'00 (2) Robin F.Roark T'05 Richard T. Barber (2) Therese Rose Holdcraft Debra Jones Shivers Katherine Robinson T'05 Jeffrey W. Bartels T'79 Heather L. Johnson T'91 (2) Martha R.Thayer (3) Alexandra C. Russell T'05 Margaret R. Bartels Konrad C. Kaltenborn T'76 (4) Richard E.Thayer (2) Colleen M. Schilly T'05 Eric B. Bass T'78 M'83 (4) Anthony Jason Karas B'97 (2) James M.Thurber T'69 (8) Peter R. Shults T'05 Katherine M. Bass T'79 M'83 (4) Herbert D. Kerman H'49 H'43 T'38 M'42 Evan Vosburgh T'77 Sean Timpane E'05 Pamela C. Beam W'72 (6) Ruth Rice Kerman * W'39 Alan R.Weiskopf T'94 (5) Edward V.Williamson T'05 George M. Benda T'53 (6) Susan S. Kilham G'71 (21) Leslie Weiskopf T'94 (5) Mamie V.Wise T'05 Rosemarie E. Benda (6) Barbara Gosford Kinder W'46 (10) Lynne D.Werner T'78 Audrey T.Yoest T'05 Bradley Berndt William Tupper Kinder George M.Woodwell G'56 G'58 GHON'94 (2) Peter Berndt Paul F.Krueger T'76 (6) Katharine Woodwell F'92 (2) Susan M. Berndt Trudy K. Krueger T'08 Brent F.Blackwelder T'64 (9) Joseph Murphy Landing T'84 (7) Young Alumni Members of the * Deceased Teresa S. Blackwelder W'70 (2) Katherine D. Landing T'83 (7) Korstian/Pearse/Berry Societies Jean Dennis Bliss Hattie W. Lee Phyllis Grant Dermer F’01 (4) Verne Fairbanks Bliss T'44 F'49 (27) James E. Lee T'51 F'52 (4) Samuel D. Hummel, Jr.T’03 (3) In order to conserve paper and resources, Mary M. Borden W'55 (4) Christine N Lyon * Andrew J. LoSchiavo F’02 (4) the Nicholas School lists gifts qualifying Edwin B. Borden, Jr. (4) Robert B. Lyon, Jr. G'74 (3) Matthew W. Philipp F’01 (2) for Gift Club status only. All gifts are David M. Bradford F'66 (25) Mark A. McCormack T'70 (6) Evie T.Tashie F’01 deeply appreciated. Jean E. Bradford Jeffrey J. McCoskey E'87 (7) Philip L. Brewer T'58 (6) Joan C. McCulla W'53 (4) Graduating Class of 2005 Gift We have made every effort to ensure the Florence J. Brinkhous (9) William L. McCulla, Jr. (4) Joshua W. Allen-Dicker T'05 accuracy of our Honor Roll lists.We regret John R. Brinkhous (9) Charlene R. Mebane (2) Thomas Paul Augspurger F'89 G'05 G'08 any errors or omissions that may have Andrew Shawhan Burnett F'85 Giles Yancey Mebane T'51 M'54 (2) Daniel Avissar T'05 Kevin Lawrence Call T'77 (15) Elizabeth Ellen Merritt G'84 (7) Dominique D. Bailey T'05 occurred and ask that you contact us Kathryn Ash Carlson F'92 (12) Elizabeth R. Myers T'76 Cheyenne M. Beach T'05 regarding corrections by calling Carol Robert Jeffrey Chandler T'84 Walter G. Nelson, Jr.T'72 G'78 (20) Janeil M. Belle T'05 Dahm at 919-613-8001 or by e-mail to Anne Fahrig Choate T'95 D. Kerry Nickerson Erin O. Bendure T'05 [email protected] Nicholas School is David Walter Choate E'94 Lynn P.Nickerson T'75 Johanna E. Bischof T'05 extremely grateful for your continued Allen C. Church James R. Nicol T'79 F'82 (2) Irene C. Blat T'05 T'05 support. Jane E. Church Lisa K. E. Nicol F'83 (2) Wesley R. Brooks T'05 B. Jefferson Clark E'78 B'84 (11) William Roy Nifong T'89 L'00 (4) George M. Buckley III T'05 Charlotte R. Clark T'79 F'83 G'06 (21) Nancy Noonan (17) Tristan N. Byrd T'05 T'05 Melinda Ann Cohen P'09 Patrick F.Noonan (17) Jennifer E. Cheesborough T'05 Carol Schendler Cowell Kathryn Jean O'Hara T'82 (5) Maureen Clair T'05 A NNUAL R EPORT update July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005 sources of funds uses of funds figure 1 figure 2

indirect cost financial other recovery aid 8% expenses 7% 3% endowment nicholas institute income-NSEES expenses 4% 11% funded research 40% funded research university endowment 40% tax income-general 12% 10% school annual gifts to support fund 2% administration student services 2% Nicholas Institute 4% 5% space other instructional tuition MEM costs 7% tuition expenses 7% undergrad 19% tuition 13% 6%

The Nicholas School operates on a budget is an additional important source of of its expense is allocated to attract the best of close to $39 million annually. Revenues unrestricted funding, which is largely used faculty and hence the best students. Of to operate the school derive from restricted to provide financial aid and special academic course, faculty numbers are relatively sources, such as research grants and income programs to all Nicholas School students. constant from year to year, while a large from restricted endowments, and from Revenues from endowments established fraction of the school’s unrestricted revenue unrestricted sources, such as tuition and to provide financial aid, largely to MEM is derived from MEM students, who show overhead charged to research grants (Figure students, have increased consistently over elastic demand relative to tuition increases. 1). A substantial fraction of the school’s the past six years, so that the provision of Approximately 22 percent of the revenue unrestricted revenue derives from MEM financial aid has been a declining demand from MEM students is returned to students tuition, and is therefore subject to year-to- on unrestricted school funds. in the form of financial aid. Approximately year fluctuations based on enrollment. The 12 percent of school expense is payment for school also receives a payment from Trinity School expenses (Figure 2) are dominated university-supplied services, including College to cover the costs of undergraduate by the direct costs of research and by police protection, library collections, bus instruction, based on a formula that is instructional expenses, largely faculty transportation, etc. driven by enrollment numbers. The Annual salaries. A major challenge in budgeting for Fund, which provides 2 percent of revenues, the Nicholas School is that a large fraction

dukenvironment 48 U PCOMING E VENTS monitor

Mark your calendar for the following dates and monitor our Web site at www.nicholas.duke.edu for additional events.

Feb. 3, 2006 April 9-12, 2006 April 27-29, 2006 Duke/Yale Career Fair American Association for Petroleum Marine Lab Advisory Board Meeting Washington, D.C. Geologists Annual Conference Duke University Marine Lab Kellogg Conference Hotel “Perfecting the Search: Delivering on Promises” Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or at Gallaudet University George R.Brown Convention Center, [email protected] Nicholas Alumni Reception to follow Houston,Texas Contact:Glenda Lee, 919-613-8079 or Contact:AAPG Convention Dept., 888-945- The Nicholas Experience at the Duke Marine Lab [email protected] 2274 ext.617 or [email protected] Duke University Marine Lab Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or March 14-16, 2006 April 14-15, 2006 [email protected] Student Conference on Conservation Science Alumni Council Meeting Nicholas School, LSRC Nicholas School, LSRC May 13, 2006 Contact:Luke Dollar, 919-613-8147 or Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or Nicholas School Recognition Ceremony for graduate [email protected] [email protected] and professional degree candidates Nicholas School, LSRC Courtyard April 6, 2006 April 22, 2006 Contact:Enrollment Services, 919-613-8070 or Henry J.Oosting Memorial Lecture Speaker Presentation for Reunion Weekend [email protected] Monica Turner, University of Wisconsin Love Auditorium, LSRC Location TBD Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or May 14, 2006 Contact:Emily Bernhardt, 919-660-7318 or [email protected] Duke University Commencement Exercises [email protected] Wallace Wade Stadium Field Day Duke University April 6-7, 2006 Couch Farm Site in Duke Forest Contact:Enrollment Services, 919-613-8070 or Master’s Project Symposium Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or [email protected] MEM and MF candidates [email protected] master’s projects presentations Summer 2006 Von Canon Rooms, Bryan Center, April 27-28, 2006 Ocean Science Teaching Center Dedication Durham Campus Marine Lab Master’s Project Symposium Duke University Marine Lab Contact:Erika Lovelace, 919-613-8070 or MEM candidates,Coastal Environmental Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or [email protected] Management program,master’s project [email protected] presentations April 6-8, 2006 Duke University Marine Lab Spring Board of Visitors Meeting Contact: Belinda Williford, 252-504-7508 or Nicholas School, LSRC [email protected] Contact:Jeanine Holland, 919-613-8039 or [email protected]

April 7, 2006 Spring Student Banquet Location TBD Contact:Nancy Kelly, 919-613-8090 or [email protected]

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