Executive Summary

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park offers a unique combination of historic, cultural landscape, natural and recreation values of importance to the local community, the region, and beyond. This 4 ha (10 acre) park, established in 2002, is located on the west shore of Okanagan Lake on Gellatly Point in Westbank. The park is situated amidst residential, agricultural and tourist commercial land uses, in an area steeped in the history of aboriginal use, early agricultural development and the Gellatly family. Terrain is flat, and soils are rich and productive.

The heritage nut orchard reflects close to a century of selecting, testing and breeding walnuts, filberts and chestnuts to develop cultivars that combined high quality with frost hardiness. Gene sources from around the world were gathered, tested and intercrossed with related North American species in order to produce new hybrid varieties. While some of the trees are close to one hundred years old, many of the rows of trees date from the mid-1960’s when Jack Gellatly was actively testing and selecting amongst native species, exotics, and their hybrids. The Gellatly Nut Farm has been described as the “cradle of hardy nut growing and breeding in North America and beyond” and continues to be popular for nut sales in the fall.

Two of the historic buildings in the park are considered highly significant, the Gellatly residence and the barn. The log cabin that forms the core of the Gellatly residence was constructed in 1905 as a residence for Jack Gellatly. Consisting of vertical poplar logs, this building is unique in the Okanagan Valley. The barn was constructed in the same year using poplar logs and dovetailed corners, and is also considered very significant. Other historic features within the core homestead area include a nut-drying shed built in the 1930’s or ‘40’s, and remnants of a historic irrigation ditch. Elsewhere on the property is a lakeshore cabin built in the mid-1920’s, and a cottage built in 1945.

The park’s waterfront provides 148 m of clean, pebbly beach with a gradual drop-off suitable for family use. The orchard offers a rare setting described as “magical” and “peaceful”. Open space is available for free play and special events.

Remnant native vegetation is limited to a stand of mature black cottonwood and understorey shrubs along the waterfront. This is a natural habitat type that is important to a variety of species, and considered “at risk” in the Okanagan.

The unique combination of features and attributes in this park have potential to attract a very high level of use, and different kinds of uses that are not necessarily compatible.

Early in the process, a number of key planning issues were identified as challenges to be addressed through planning:

• Cohesiveness of Park Themes and “Sense of Place” The character of this park or its “sense of place”, could be compromised by excessive complexity of themes, facilities and uses, and detract from visitor experiences.

• Threats to Horticultural Integrity, Viability of Tree Specimens, and Genetic Variety Thinning and pruning, and other management is required to ensure the long-term health of the valuable collection of trees and shrubs.

• Threats to Heritage Buildings and Features The heritage buildings vary in age from at least fifty to close to one hundred years old. There is some deterioration, especially where wood elements are in contact with the ground. If the buildings are to be open to the public, stabilization is required, which could compromise the heritage integrity.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page ii

• Threats to Commemorative Integrity of the Orchard Cultural Landscape The nut orchard landscape has evolved over time (primarily from the early 1900's to the late 1960's), and reflects the personal qualities and pioneering spirit of David, and especially Jack Gellatly. Around the residence, trees were planted and retained for aesthetic qualities, and some are now close to 100 years old. In the remainder of the orchard, trees and shrubs were planted, evaluated, culled, and new stock planted on a continuous basis. Lack of active orchard management (pruning and thinning) over the last thirty years has altered the character-defining features of the Gellatly working nut farm.

The park has been nominated as a National Historic Site for its cultural landscape, so commemorative integrity is of utmost importance. It is uncertain how Parks Canada’s Cultural Resource Management Policy would apply to restoring the commemorative integrity of the orchard through thinning and pruning.

Park development and use could overwhelm the scale and structure of heritage developments and impact the ability to appreciate the sense of time and place. Moving historic buildings may not respect the spirit and integrity of the overall complex.

• Potential Impacts of Use and Development on Park Resources Despite potential for heavy waterfront and heritage use, the park's carrying capacity is limited, and vehicle parking and circulation could create major impacts. Park vehicle access along the existing road could compromise the heritage ambiance and interfere with visitor use, especially in the heritage core off Whitworth Road. Vehicle parking and circulation could detract from the park quality. Unauthentic development can detract from the sense of the history. Uncontrolled recreation use in the orchard would impact ground cover, particularly when the ground is wet in the spring or after watering, and could cause soil compaction.

• Opportunities and Issues Associated with Revenue Generation/Commercial Use Unlike any other Regional Park, the Gellatly Nut Farm produces a marketable product (nuts). The sale of nuts and tree seedlings represents a historic commercial use of the park with potential interpretive value, and an opportunity to help fund orchard operations and maintenance.

There is interest in including revenue generating opportunities to help fund preservation and management of heritage features in the park. In addition to nut and seedling sales, suggestions have included a tea shop, admissions and donations, food concession, visitor centre with rooms to rent for meetings and weddings, and gift shop.

Regional Park policy currently does not permit commercial facilities, and only allows commercial services that are program oriented, personal services such as guided programs, and that meet specific conditions. While appropriate commercial services could enhance park opportunities, they also have potential to impact park resources and other recreational pursuits, so need to be carefully evaluated and managed.

• Potential Impacts of Adjacent Land Use on Park Values Intrusions on park views from surrounding developments can significantly impact a heritage setting and visitor experience. Of greatest concern for the Gellatly Nut Farm is future tourist commercial development to the north, and potential widening of Whitworth Road.

• Potential Impacts of the Park on Adjacent Landowners Poorly managed use and/or high levels of use could create traffic and parking problems on adjacent roadways, as well as safety concerns for the cyclists and pedestrians that use the roadway.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page iii • Potential Future Opportunities/Options There may be future opportunities to provide some parking and access (or exit) off-site. Opportunities may arise as property north of the park is re-developed, parking issues in the Gellatly Bay area are addressed, or other nearby options are explored. If the park is developed to capacity initially, potential future opportunities for better management of vehicle use may be foregone.

With such complexity of issues it is useful to establish principles to guide park planning and management. These are described below.

1. Park planning and operations will follow a strong heritage appreciation and ecological management approach.

2. The Heritage Nut Orchard will be managed in a fashion that restores and maintains commemorative integrity of its cultural landscape, in accordance with good horticultural practices.

3. Within the Heritage Nut Orchard, heritage resource preservation will be a high priority, and will be balanced with visitor opportunities that are in keeping with the history and spirit of the historic nut farm.

4. The park will be planned and managed as a Regional Recreation/Cultural/Waterfront Park according to RDCO Regional Parks Policies.

5. The park will be planned and managed with awareness of its tourism potential for heritage appreciation and agri-tourism. Types and levels of tourist use will be managed to protect park attributes, and use opportunities by regional residents.

6. Park planning will consider opportunities for long term self-sufficiency of heritage preservation, maintenance and operations.

7. Park development will proceed cautiously in a phased approach, to allow for adaptive management, and options to take advantage of future opportunities.

Following these principles, and public input, a park concept plan was developed, with key features as described below.

1. Balance of heritage and recreation objectives.

This unique park will accommodate uses for both heritage appreciation and recreation. Heritage and recreation zones in the park will each have a different management focus, and each separately will attract visitors with different (but equally legitimate) needs and expectations for their park experience. Integration of these two types of park experience will provide for a unique destination that will meet the needs of a variety of regional residents. Over one quarter of the park will support intensive waterfront recreation, with the remainder of the park devoted to leisure and recreation uses compatible with heritage appreciation.

2. Partial separation of heritage and recreation uses.

Park access will come off Whitworth Road along the northern park boundary to separate parking areas for waterfront recreation and heritage areas. The orchard will be fenced to control visitor use. Recreation and heritage park uses will be integrated, in particular through the Heritage Interpretive Centre.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page iv 3. A conservative approach to development.

The concept plan shows a moderate level of development, with moderate provision for parking and areas for overflow and/or future expansion. While the park use projections showed potential demand for a large amount of parking at peak periods, the sensitivity of the unique park environment, and potential designation as a National Historic Site demands a more conservative approach. This approach could also take advantage of potential future opportunities for parking off-site.

4. Phased development with recognition of potential long-term opportunities.

Planning will consider potential for some facilities and park ‘use nodes’ (the Heritage Interpretive Centre in particular) to evolve to more intensive uses.

5. Development and operation of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park through a unique working relationship between the Regional District and the Gellatly Nut Farm Society.

Details will be worked out in a process separate from the Concept Plan and Site Development.

6. On-site revenue generation activities, appropriate to park resources, to help support upgrading and maintenance of heritage features.

Details will be worked out in a process separate from the Concept Plan and Site Development.

7. A moderate-sized Heritage Interpretive Centre to provide a gateway to the nut orchard, and a focus for suitable revenue-generating activities.

The centre will provide interpretive displays, and could also function as a sales centre for nuts and seedlings, a potential gift shop, and to collect site admissions if desirable. From the visitor centre, self-guiding interpretive trail loops will access identified points of interest and tell the story of the heritage nut orchard and its significance to hardy nut tree growing.

8. The Heritage Core area, including the residence, nut barn and drying shed, as a focus for heritage interpretation.

The heritage core area could be used to provide “living interpretation” with hosts in period costumes.

9. The Heritage Nut Orchard managed to ensure long-term health, and to improve representation of the working Gellatly Nut Farm.

A moderate level of thinning and pruning will be used to improve orchard health and cultural landscape commemorative integrity. A demonstration seedling nursery will be developed within the orchard. Hands-on opportunities will be available for visitor participation in the working nut orchard.

10. Waterfront Recreation developments that are compatible with the unique park setting and respect the social carrying capacity of the park as a whole.

Proposed developments are limited to basic facilities for beach use, picnicking, and swimming, with open areas for free play and special events. The waterfront path, a continuation of “Trails 2000” could enter the park from the north, and pass through the park to George Court or Whitworth Road.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page v Acknowledgements

The consulting team wishes to acknowledge the contribution of groups and individuals to this planning process. The Gellatly Nut Farm Society have put a lot of thought into the future of this park, and it is their ambitious dreams that led development of a park vision. Ferne Jean has been an especially important source of Gellatly family information.

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Steering Committee are to be commended for their commitment of personal time to provide balanced direction to planning for this park. Parks staff with the Regional District of Central Okanagan have been very helpful in providing technical guidance and assistance.

The team also acknowledges the foresight of the Regional District of Central Okanagan in recognizing the unique values of the Gellatly Nut Farm, commissioning studies to evaluate resource values and park potential, and for supporting acquisition of this unique park. The role of the Gellatly Nut Farm Society in enthusiastically promoting park awareness and fundraising for park acquisition was invaluable.

The primary consulting team members for this concept phase of planning has been Debbie Clarke, FORECON Consulting Services, Dr. Michael Carlson, and Ken Mather. The team wishes to acknowledge the valuable contributions of Catherine Berris Associates Ltd. for site analysis and mapping, and concept plan design, as well as Dr. Diana French for the section on Archaeological Values and Potential.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page vi Table of Contents

1 Background ...... 3 1.1 Park Location and History of Establishment...... 3 1.2 Planning Process...... 3 1.3 Public Involvement ...... 4 1.4 Purpose of this Plan ...... 5 1.5 Regional Context ...... 5 1.5.1 Population ...... 5 1.5.2 Parks ...... 6 1.5.3 Tourism in the Central Okanagan...... 6 1.6 Local Context...... 7 1.6.1 Historic Setting – Gellatly Point...... 7 1.6.2 Natural Setting...... 7 1.6.3 Land Use Setting...... 8 1.7 Management Context ...... 8 1.7.1 Regional Park ...... 8 1.7.2 Potential National Historic Site ...... 8 1.7.3 Other Regulatory Framework ...... 9 2 Park Features and Opportunities ...... 11 2.1 Biophysical Characteristics...... 11 2.1.1 Climate ...... 11 2.1.2 Soils...... 11 2.1.3 Topography...... 11 2.1.4 Natural Vegetation...... 11 2.1.5 Native Fauna ...... 14 2.2 Archaeological Values and Potential...... 15 2.3 Historic Themes and Features ...... 15 2.3.1 Historic Setting and Themes ...... 15 2.3.2 Historic Resources and Evaluation ...... 17 2.4 Cultural Landscape Values...... 21 2.5 Recreation Features and Opportunities ...... 23 2.6 Tourism Potential...... 24 2.7 Education/Interpretation Values ...... 25 2.8 Composite Site Values ...... 25 3 Park Use Projections ...... 27 3.1 Waterfront Recreation ...... 27 3.2 Heritage Nut Orchard ...... 28 4 Park Vision...... 30 5 Planning Considerations/Issues ...... 31 5.1 Cohesiveness of Park Themes and “Sense of Place”...... 31 5.2 Threats to Horticultural Integrity and Viability of Tree Specimens ...... 31 5.3 Need to Identify and Maintain Heritage Genetic Material...... 31 5.4 Threats to Heritage Buildings and Features...... 32 5.5 Threats to Commemorative Integrity of the Orchard Cultural Landscape...... 32 5.6 Potential Impacts of Use and Development on Park Resources ...... 32 5.7 Potential Impacts of Adjacent Land Use on Park Values...... 33 5.7.1 Tourist Commercial Use ...... 33 5.7.2 Whitworth Road Right-of-Way...... 33 5.8 Potential Impacts of the Park on Adjacent Landowners...... 33 5.9 Potential Impact of Tourism on Use by Regional Residents ...... 34 5.10 Opportunities and Issues with Revenue Generation/ Commercial Services in the Park ...... 34 5.11 Visitor Safety...... 34 5.12 Security...... 34

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 1 5.13 Potential Future Opportunities/Options ...... 35 6 Planning Principles...... 36 7 Concept for Park Development and Operations ...... 38 7.1 Park Zoning ...... 38 7.2 Level and Timing of Development...... 38 7.3 Development and Management Responsibilities ...... 39 7.3.1 Relationship between Regional District and Gellatly Nut Farm Society...... 39 7.3.2 Revenue Generating Activities...... 39 7.4 Park Services Development ...... 40 7.5 Heritage Development...... 40 7.5.1 Heritage Interpretive Centre ...... 40 7.5.2 Self-Guiding Orchard Interpretive Trail Loops ...... 41 7.5.3 Heritage Core Buildings...... 41 7.5.4 Heritage Nut Orchard...... 42 7.6 Recreation Development ...... 42 7.6.1 Waterfront Recreation ...... 42 7.6.2 Art in the Park...... 42 Appendix 1. Results of Public Input ...... 48 Appendix 2. Horticultural/Agricultural Assessment and Recommendations ...... 58 Appendix 3. Site Analysis Summary ...... 59 Appendix 4. Concept Plan Summary...... 62

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 2 1 Background

1.1 Park Location and History of Establishment

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park is a 4 ha park situated on the west shore of Okanagan Lake along Whitworth Road in Westbank, B.C. (legal description: Lot 1, District Lot 497, Osoyoos Division Yale District, Plan KAP 53395).

This newly established park has significant values that are of importance to the local community and beyond to the broader national and international interests. Many of these values have been identified from reports and discussions relating to acquisition of the property as a park.

The significant heritage values of the Gellatly Nut Farm were first documented in 1984, when the Central Okanagan Heritage Resource Inventory classified the site as a Class A Heritage site of major significance warranting a policy of preservation. The site received an overall rating of 83.2 out of 100 for criteria including historical, architectural, ecological, educational and economic values. Top scores were given for historic values representing people and events, and educational and scientific values.

In 1991 the Central Okanagan Regional District commissioned a feasibility study to investigate the potential for preserving the significant heritage resources and accessing the lake foreshore. The feasibility study by G. Runka (Land Sense Ltd.) and Dr. M. Welsh assessed heritage values and other land use attributes and constraints, articulated a vision, described options for future use, and offered recommendations. At that time the property was threatened by potential residential development. Many letters were received in support of preserving the Gellatly Nut Orchard, showing the overwhelming interest locally, provincially, nationally and internationally. At that time, an agreement with landowners could not be reached, funding sources could not be located and the project lost momentum.

When development was again proposed in 1997, interest in acquiring the park was renewed. The Gellatly Nut Farm Society was formed and played a major role in fundraising and park awareness. Over the following period, sufficient funds were raised, and the Gellatly Nut Farm officially became a Regional Park in 2002.

1.2 Planning Process

Following park acquisition, a Steering Committee was formed to guide park planning, and a Request for Proposals was issued for the preparation of a Park Concept Plan and Site Development Plan. The purpose and scope of the work was described:

To research issues related to the future development and public use of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park, facilitate the project Steering Committee, solicit public involvement and to prepare both a Park Concept Plan and Site Development Plan.

The Steering Committee met five times with the consulting team during the course of preparing this Concept Plan: • February 20 – review of communications and public involvement plan; initial planning input • March 26 – On-site assessment and discussion • April 4 – Workshop to review and provide input to the proposed Concept Plan. • May 12 – To address outstanding issues • May 22 – To review revised Concept Plan.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 3 1.3 Public Involvement

The Regional District recognizes the importance of park planning in a way that elicits community involvement early and often throughout the planning process. Stakeholders were consulted on an on- going basis throughout the planning process, and are listed in the references section of this plan.

A broad range of public input regarding the significance of the Gellatly Nut Farm was solicited in the early 1990’s when the park was first being considered for acquisition. Some of the letters of support offered input regarding park development, and these specific comments are shown in Appendix 1.

For park concept planning, public involvement was solicited at three stages in order to obtain: 1. Input to establish priorities for park values; determine a vision for zoning and park access, and use and management concepts. 2. Input on a draft Concept Plan. 3. Input on the revised Concept Plan

For each stage of public involvement, background information and request for input was posted on the web site of the Regional District of Central Okanagan. In addition, small displays were put up in the Kelowna and Lake Country municipal offices, the Peachland and Westbank Chamber of Commerce, Mt. Boucherie Recreation Complex and the Regional District of Central Okanagan each of which included background information and requests for input. Posters were put up in various locations in the community to advertise locations for providing input. An Open House was held on April 22 at the Mount Boucherie Recreation Complex. Press releases were prepared at project initiation, and prior to the Open House.

For each stage, requests for input were emailed to specific stakeholder groups including the Westside Parks and Recreation Commission, Gellatly Bay Parks and Trails Society, Okanagan Historic Society, Central Okanagan Heritage Society, and the Kelowna Museum.

For the first stage of input, 68 surveys were returned, and the results are shown in Appendix 1. In summary, the key results are: • Most important park value - responses were almost equally divided between Heritage Nut Orchard and Waterfront Recreation; a balance of heritage and recreation objectives was clearly supported. • Zoning and park access – there was clear support for Option 2, Partial Separation of Heritage and Recreation Uses, with separate parking and visitor services and access off Whitworth Road. • Heritage Nut Orchard Management – clear support for efficient working nut orchard operation with opportunities for visitor participation; highest support for a moderate level of tree thinning/pruning to ensure long-term health. • Interpretation/Education – highest support for a moderate level of interpretation with signs, brochures, kiosks (e.g. self-guiding); followed by high level of interpretation with period costumes and objects, role-playing and representations of past activities to create a “Spirit of the Past”. Highest support for interpretive themes that address the full range of human occupation of the site from aboriginal to recent; followed by interpretive themes address the period of Gellatly occupation only. • Recreation - The most widely divided support is for level of recreation development. Support for limited development and high level of development is almost equally divided, with support for moderate level of development close to twice that of either extreme. • Other Developments – Visitor Centre and Museum received the strongest support, followed closely by Tea Shop, Sculpture Garden and Food/souvenir concession. Other suggestions included a dock for swimming, and wharf for boat tie-up. • Most respondents were from Westbank followed by Glenrosa.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 4 For the second stage of input, 60 people attended the Open House to review the draft Concept Plan, and 24 responses were received to the request for input. The results are shown in Appendix 1. Some key messages were: • Need for additional parking – concern re: parking in adjacent residential areas; interest in pursuing off-site parking • “Heritage Interpretive Centre” be located closer to waterfront – for better integration between heritage and recreation uses. • “Heritage Interpretive Centre” and Caretakers residence under one roof to reduce development footprint. • “Heritage Interpretive Centre” needs to allow for revenue generation by the Gellatly Nut Farm Society • Extend the swimming area – concern re: security from unregulated park access • Waterfront path to enter park closer to beach on north boundary • Issues associated with park development – effect on traffic on Whitworth Road; potential widening; need for parking regulation in areas adjacent to park

Changes were made to the draft Concept Plan, and in addition, the Steering Committee addressed important outstanding issues: • The scale and function of the “Heritage Interpretive Centre” • The type and scale of on-site revenue generation by the Gellatly Nut Farm Society in order to support management of heritage management. • Potential for a sculpture garden within the recreation area of the park.

The final Concept Plan reflects changes in response to public and stakeholder input. The Site Development Plan will further address outstanding issues relevant to the park planning process.

1.4 Purpose of this Plan

The purpose of this plan is to: • Provide context and background information that will assist understanding of the complex issues facing development planning for this park. • Confirm a park vision, and basic planning principles that will guide selection of options for park development. • Assess options for development, and recommend an option(s)

1.5 Regional Context

1.5.1 Population

In 2001, Statistics Canada reported a population of 147,739 for the Regional District of Central Okanagan. Population centres closest to the park are Westbank (Area H) with a reported population of at 15,935, and the District of Peachland, population 4654 (2001 figures).

Demographics show about one third (30%) of Regional District residents between 30 and 49 years old, and median age of the population significantly higher than the provincial median, due to the large retirement base (Official Regional Parks Plan).

The population of the Regional District is projected to grow by an average rate of 1.9% annually between now and 2026, adding another 100,000 to the current population (BC Stats). The Westbank OCP projected a population increase of between 4300 and 7800 additional residents between 1997 and 2007, with the Goats Peak/Gellatly area potentially absorbing over 600 additional residential units during this period.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 5 1.5.2 Parks

The Regional District of Central Okanagan includes 25 Regional Parks, 3 of which are managed for cultural values and one of which is classified as a Recreation/Waterfront/Cultural Park (Kopje). Kopje Regional Park in Lake Country is situated on 3.24 ha, and provides a picnic area, swimming, and sports fields as well as protecting the Gibson Heritage House. Gibson Heritage House, built in 1912 was rebuilt to its original form and opened as a heritage museum in 1996. The home was furnished with contents of the 1912 - 1935 era almost entirely by donations from the community. The heritage house is open to the public for tours June through August, and offers special events such as a Strawberry Tea in June.

In 2000, a Parks and Recreation Plan for Electoral Area G and Westbank (Westside) identified 567 ha of parkland on the Westside, with regional parks providing 480 ha. The Westside Parks and Recreation Plan describes community waterfront parkland providing public access to 4.5 km, or 17% of the total Okanagan Lake shoreline between the Peachland boundary and Traders Cove on Westside Road. Land ownership and topography is described as limiting recreational access the waterfront for walking, swimming and waterside activities. The plan recommended acquisition of additional waterfront parkland, including the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park, for neighbourhood and community-wide use.

1.5.3 Tourism in the Central Okanagan

The Regional District of Central Okanagan is a destination and travel-through place for many tourists. The climate provides favourable conditions for all-season outdoor recreation and the large warm- water lakes which support water-based recreation. Visitors are also attracted to the Okanagan Valley’s natural and cultural heritage, with features that include: • Cultural attractions such as venues for visual and performing arts, and scheduled festivals. • Heritage attractions like the Father Pandosy Mission, Guisachan Heritage Park, and museums. • Agri-tourism attractions like the popular wineries, working orchards and market gardens, and dude ranches. • Natural heritage attractions like the Mission Creek Greenway and other numerous features protected in Municipal, Regional, and Provincial Parks.

The draft Central Okanagan Crown Land Tourism and Commercial Recreation Opportunities Study, 2003 describes several global tourism trends that have implications in this region and to the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park. These include demand for more enriching travel experiences; “learning” tourism, cultural tourism, and agri-tourism; and multiple-activity destinations. Trends also indicate increasing need for planning to avoid congestion and overcrowding and associated tourism impacts; for sustainability (environmental, social and economic); and to maintain destination character.

The growing demand for more enriching travel experiences, reflects a trend away from the simple “sun, sea and sand” vacation of the past to more experiential vacations. Travelers are increasingly seeking multiple-activity destinations. In many cases, opportunities for accessing a wide range of stimulating and challenging activities are second only to natural setting in influencing travel decisions.

In response to these trends, tourism products are emerging and attracting new markets to the Central Okanagan. These include higher-end lakeside resorts, agri-tourism products including wineries tourism, cycle touring, festivals and cultural tourism. Agri-tourism involves the linkage between agriculture (such as farms, ranches, orchards, and vineyards) and tourism, and the tourism products, facilities and services that support this linkage.

There is growth in tourist products offering “immersion” experiences which may include a combination or packaging of elements, such as historic sites integrated with soft adventure activities; cultural

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 6 tourism experiences combined with opportunities to mix with local people and try indigenous cuisine, as well as interpretive wildlife viewing and nature photography.

There is also a strong focus on marketing and promotion of cultural tourism products. The Okanagan Cultural Corridor is a cultural tourism development project, promoting the multi-faceted experience of the arts, heritage, and agri-tourism attractions of the Okanagan Valley. The Thompson Okanagan Tourist Association is in partnership with the Okanagan Cultural Corridor Project to form the Cultural Tourism Program to help promote cultural products, events and services in the region. A key objective of Tourism Kelowna is to develop tourism products in the areas of sport, culture, agriculture, environmental and adventure (2000-2002 Business and Market Development Plan).

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park has potential to meet several of the identified trends in consumer demands and to package with other complementary experiences. Playing a role in tourism could also expand opportunities for grants, and increase community economic benefits and job creation.

1.6 Local Context

The local surroundings of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park play a role in accommodating visitor park access, “setting the stage” for the park visit, and providing opportunities to link park use with activities at adjacent features. This is particularly important considering the historic context of the Gellatly family on Gellatly Point.

1.6.1 Historic Setting – Gellatly Point

Gellatly Point is part of the traditional territory of the Okanagan People and occupied as a winter village site by a sub-band of the tribe, now known as the Westbank Band. There is evidence of the Okanagan People’s long occupation of the area throughout the point, notably in nearby pictographs and a wide variety of points and flakes located on the land. During the fur trade era, the Hudson’s Bay Company Brigade Trail passed along the west side of the point.

The lakeshore fan was first pre-empted by Billy Powers in 1889 and, in 1900, the 320 acres were purchased by the Gellatly family. The Gellatlys cleared the land and planted vegetables and fruit, eventually constructing a packing house, wharf and a number of houses and outbuildings. After the disastrous fire of 1920 destroyed many of the Gellatly buildings, the family holdings were reduced until only the present nut farm property of ten acres remained. Aside from the nut farm site, Gellatly Point contains a number of heritage structures and sites including the original Billy Powers cabin and Gellatly Barn (relocated to Gellatly Heritage Park), the Gellatly Cottage and the 1930’s packing house.

These features provide a good opportunity to connect the Gellatly Nut Farm to lifestyle and heritage of the surrounding community, rather that being an ‘artifact’ surrounded by development.

1.6.2 Natural Setting

The Okanagan Valley bottom in the area of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park is situated within the Ponderosa Pine biogeoclimatic zone (very dry hot ponderosa pine variant – PPxh1).

The Powers Creek alluvial fan and adjacent upland include natural features that contribute towards the aesthetic and environmental setting of the park area, and provide adjacent points of interest. Goats Peak is identified in the Regional District’s Environmentally Sensitive Area Management Plan as an area with aesthetic, biological and geological values, as well as recreational and educational opportunities. Powers Creek, a major tributary to Okanagan Lake, is among the most productive fish

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 7 spawning channels in the Okanagan. Together with adjacent native vegetation, the creek is a significant natural and recreational corridor.

1.6.3 Land Use Setting

A community-derived vision of Westbank is “a complete community balanced by a sustainable environment and “small town rural” character” (Westbank Official Community Plan, 1997). The waterfront along Okanagan Lake is described as one of the greatest assets of the community, with public access to the shore a long-standing issue.

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park is situated in an area of rural character with changing land use. Access to the park is along a narrow road through a rural residential area. Land use and designations for the local surrounding area is shown in Figure 1. Adjacent property to the north is zoned for commercial/tourist use and is currently a small motel resort. The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park foreshore is designated by the Central Okanagan Regional District Foreshore Plan (1990) for Public Recreation, while foreshore to the north is Commercial Recreation, and to the south is Rural/Residential.

One of the OCP policies is to ensure that linear parks, trails, and pedestrian linkages connect to existing and future parks. A vision has been described for a potential waterfront trail from the Okanagan Lake Bridge to Powers Creek and perhaps further to Peachland. Approximately 1.5 km of waterfront has been protected and restored as a linear community park north of the Nut Farm as the Gellatly Bay Aquatic Park. A linear park along Powers Creek joins Gellatly Bay, and long term plans are to establish a continuous park corridor to lead to Crown Land at higher elevations.

1.7 Management Context

1.7.1 Regional Park

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will be managed according to the policies of the Official Regional Park Plan (Bylaw No. 884): “Regional Parks will provide opportunities for outdoor experiences and activities that encourage public understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of the region’s natural and cultural landscapes while ensuring the long term ecological and commemorative integrity of each park or trail.”

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will be managed as a Regional Recreation/Cultural/ Waterfront Park. These parks focus on meeting the aquatic recreation needs of the region and/or preserve unique cultural landscapes, with management emphasis on intensive outdoor or interpretive program day use. Regional Recreation/Cultural/Waterfront Parks will also provide for an extensive assortment of outdoor experiences, activities and events, and will be managed to accommodate a relatively high number of visitors.

1.7.2 Potential National Historic Site

The Gellatly Nut Farm is being considered for designation as a National Historic Site “Cultural Landscape1 and park planning will recognize this potential designation. If approved, the development, maintenance and operation of the park will ensure enhancement and protection of commemorative integrity2.

1 Cultural Landscape: “Any geographical area that has been modified, influenced, or given special cultural meaning by people.” 2 Commemorative Integrity: when the resources that symbolize or represent its importance are not impaired or under threat, when the reasons for its significance are effectively communicated to the public, and when the heritage value of the place is respected

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 8 If this designation is approved, the Gellatly Nut Farm will be the only operating National Historic Site in the Okanagan. There are thirteen BC Heritage historic sites that offer public programs, including the Grist Mill in Keremeos.

1.7.3 Other Regulatory Framework

Park development is subject to regulations which include: Fisheries Act • Ministry of Environment Land Development Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Habitat

Heritage Conservation Act

Local Government Act • Designations and policies of the Central Okanagan Regional District Foreshore Plan, 1990. • Westbank Official Community Plan, 1997. (Bylaw #686)

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 9 Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 10 2 Park Features and Opportunities

This section describes park values and factors that encourage use and appreciation of the park, or present opportunities for enhanced park use and enjoyment. Figure 2 shows an overview of park biophysical and cultural features, and is used to support site development analysis in Section 7.

2.1 Biophysical Characteristics

2.1.1 Climate

The Central Okanagan experiences a mild continental climate with warm, dry summers and mild but often cloudy winters. Total yearly precipitation at lake level can be as low as 30 cm, with about 20% occurring as snow. Summer daytime temperatures are generally in the middle to high 20's Celsius and can peak in the low-30's. With these favourable climate conditions, the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park could be useable year-round, and its shade and waterfront location will offer welcome relief in the hot summer months.

The climate is also responsible for favourable agricultural growing conditions of sunlight and temperatures, but does include some autumn freeze risk.

2.1.2 Soils

Soils for most of the park have been described as sandy loam to loam Inkaneep soils with fluctuating water tables. Along the lakeshore, sandy and gravelly Solly soils are rapidly drained with temporary water tables common in the subsoil (Runka and Welsh, 1991).

2.1.3 Topography

The park is slightly sloping from west to east, and lies just above lake level.

2.1.4 Natural Vegetation

Remnant native vegetation is primarily limited to a stand of mature black cottonwood and associated understorey shrubs along the northern portion of the waterfront, a stand that was much more extensive in the past. The current extent of the cottonwood stand is shown in Figure 2. Understorey shrubs include prickly rose, red osier dogwood, snowberry, Oregon grape, and willow species. Large weeping and Pacific willow trees also occur along the shoreline.

Stands of black cottonwood are recognized as an important habitat that has been significantly reduced in the Okanagan. Ranked as among the rarest plant communities of the province, remaining stands are considered endangered (BC Conservation Data Centre). Cottonwood riparian stands provide food, cover, nesting and roosting habitat for a variety of bird species, and may be used for roosting by bats. Associated understorey shrub growth enhances habitat diversity.

The cottonwood stand and associated understorey vegetation is adapted to seasonal flooding, and likely plays an important role in shoreline stabilization. A natural levee has built up along the shoreline edge of the stand where coarse material has been deposited from wave action at high water.

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 11 Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 12

Figure 2. Park Features and Site Analysis

Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 13 The cottonwood stand has been threatened by beavers, but wire mesh now encircles the base of most of the trees. Compost material from the nut orchard has been deposited alongside this stand, which prevents understorey growth, and may encourage weeds.

Cottonwood stands will readily establish and grow quickly, and there are numerous seedlings becoming established along the beach. There is an opportunity to encourage expansion of this stand, thereby enhancing natural habitat in this park. However some people do not appreciate the appearance, white fluffy seeds, leave-fall, or suckers, and there may be some concern about falling limbs.

2.1.5 Native Fauna

Wildlife most likely to use habitat in this park are birds and small mammals.

The park is well used by ravens, and magpies, a factor that may reduce the occurrence of other bird species due to their nest-robbing habits. The magpies are likely responsible for some of the stick nests in the nut trees. Steller’s jay is also common.

Discussions with local naturalists suggest that eagles, hawks and owls may use the large trees for perching and possibly nesting, and adjacent fields for foraging. A small owl (possibly a saw-whet owl) has also been regularly observed. Osprey and bald eagle use trees close to the beach as a lookout for fish.

Woodpeckers, including the pileated woodpecker, flicker and red-napped sapsucker are noted to be common in the area. The blue-listed Lewis’s woodpecker may use the park, particularly in breeding season. This bird prefers ponderosa pine but will nest in black cottonwoods, and feeds on nuts and fruit as well as insects.

Huge flocks of Canada geese forage in adjacent agricultural fields, and smaller numbers visit the Nut Farm, particularly along the waterfront. Goose control may be an issue. A variety of duck species use the lake and shoreline. There are reports of hundreds of Mallard ducks foraging in the nut orchard for leftover nuts and insects in the winter. Shorebirds including killdeer and spotted sandpiper are seen along the beach and may nest nearby.

California quail also use the park, but numbers may have been reduced by landscape grooming activities in recent years (Lori Mairs, past caretaker). Hummingbirds are attracted to the lilac hedge and other garden flowers.

Bats are reportedly prevalent, and may be roosting in some of the old buildings. Squirrels also use the park. Beaver activity has been recently observed in the park and is threatening the native cottonwood stand along the beach. Bears are reported to have visited the park, and once, a cougar. The caretaker reports observing numbers of frogs or toads, especially when the ditches were wet from irrigation.

Shoreline spawning has not been inventoried or observed in this area (Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection).

Opportunities to enhance wildlife habitat in the park include expansion of the cottonwood stand and associated understorey vegetation, retaining or planting thick shrubby areas (including native shrubs) and leaving areas of grass un-mowed to for ground-dwelling birds. Leaving some areas un-raked with some nuts on the ground will provide food for birds and opportunities for park visitors to observe feeding behaviours.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 14 2.2 Archaeological Values and Potential

Existing information indicates that native artifacts were found on the site by Jack Gellatly, and also in the more recent past. There are five archaeological sites documented on Gellatly Point with good potential for additional findings. The 1991 Land Sense feasibility study recommended further archaeological assessment to verify specific locations of potential archaeological sites associated with the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park.

As part of the resource assessment for this Concept Plan, a Preliminary Field Reconnaissance was conducted to determine the location and condition of an archaeological site (DkQv 1), previously recorded on the farm. A second objective was to determine the need for an Archaeological Impact Assessment under a Heritage Conservation Act permit, given development plans for the property.

The method of evaluation was surficial observation of cultural and natural exposures. Primary areas of concern were the beach and backshore, where pre-contact cultural materials associated with the present lakeshore would most likely to be found. In addition, a major find in the form of a jasper point was reportedly found near the main historic house, and this locality was also of interest.

Previous land altering activities associated with the establishment and maintenance of the nut farm have contributed to visible ground disturbances. Natural disturbances include foreshore erosion from wave action and changing water levels.

Observable surficial archaeological materials have been found, indicating that subsurface deposits may still be present. These finds comprise small flakes of non-vitreous basalt and jasper evidencing pre-contact tool-making.

The general Gellatly area is of high cultural significance to the Okanagan Nation. Concentrations of archaeological sites are found to the immediate west, as well as along the shoreline, to the north of the point. Some of the sites in the area are of a sensitive nature, and involve spiritual use. Findings on the nut farm may indicate use of the land during different time periods, or reflect varying pre- contact activities. The area around the main farm house is possibly associated with a retreating or advancing lake level.

While the park contains evidence of an archaeological site(s), the horizontal and vertical extent, as well as the relationship between the pockets of observable cultural materials remain unclear. It is recommended that, prior to site development planning, an Archaeological Impact Assessment be carried out, as well as consultation with First Nations to facilitate protection and long term management of any pre-contact cultural resource.

2.3 Historic Themes and Features

2.3.1 Historic Setting and Themes

2.3.1.1 Aboriginal Use

The Okanagan Valley is the traditional home of the Okanagan People (Sinkaietk) who were a tribal grouping in the Interior Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest. They spoke the Okanagan language that is a dialect of the Interior Salish language.

The hunting, fishing, gathering economy was the sole means of livelihood for the Okanagan People prior to their contact with Europeans. The Okanagans traveled extensively to plant gathering and fishing sites in the summer and fall before settling in one place for the winter months. These winter

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 15 villages became the basic unit of the Okanagan People and various bands used traditional locations for their “home base” or winter quarters.

One of the smaller village units, considered by some as a sub-band of the N’kamapelecks (Head of the Lake) band, was based in close proximity to the future Gellatly Point, along McDougal Creek (to the north) and Powers Creek. This sub-band was later named the Westbank band. Evidence of their long-term inhabitation of the area is found in the pictographs located a short distance from Gellatly Point and in the numerous artifacts collected by the Gellatly family during their occupation of the site.

2.3.1.2 Fur Trade

The first white penetration into the Okanagan Valley was in 1811, when fur trader David Stuart, in the employ of John Jacob Astor traveled northward through the valley and established a fur trade post at present-day Kamloops. The Okanagan Valley became the supply route for the New Caledonia and Shuswap districts from 1814 until the Oregon boundary settlement in 1846. A trail was established through the valley and every spring fur brigades, consisting of packhorses laden with trade goods, would travel up the trail to return later in the fall with the bales of furs from the north. Traces of this significant historic trail can still be found on the hillside east of Westbank, a short distance from the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park. This trail became one of the main routes of travel for miners, drovers and packers during the British Columbia Gold Rush years (1858-1868).

2.3.1.3 Early Settlement

The flat of land on which the park is located was first pre-empted by Billy Powers in 1889. He and C.D. Simms, who pre-empted the land now consisting of Westbank, built their cabin on this flat, then known as Powers’ Flat in 1890. But the Okanagan people of the area maintained that the flat was part of their traditional territory and harassed the newcomers. Billy Powers abandoned his claim in 1890 but his short residence is commemorated in the name of Powers Creek. Shortly afterwards, the flat was pre-empted by G.H. Rashdale, but he soon mortgaged it to the Right Reverend George Hills, Anglican Bishop of British Columbia, to whom it was later assigned. On June 1, 1900, the land was conveyed to David Erskine Gellatly by the Anglican Synod of British Columbia.

2.3.1.4 Early Gellatly Agricultural Development

David Eskine Gellatly, a native of Montrose, Scotland, immigrated to Canada in 1883 with his wife Eliza and his son, David. After spending ten years in northern Ontario, the growing family moved west to the Okanagan Valley.

In 1895, Gellatly leased land at Shorts Point (now Fintry) where he farmed successfully for five years. In 1897, Gellatly shipped the first boxcar load of potatoes out of the Okanagan Valley. Since he was unable to purchase the Shorts Point land, Gellatly relocated to Powers Flat in 1900.

The land was cleared of its heavy timber and soon a portion of the 320 acres was put into production of small fruits and vegetables. Gellatly obtained the water rights to Powers Creek for irrigation purposes and by 1904 constructed a greenhouse for starting tomato plants. The following year he constructed the largest greenhouse in the interior and began shipping vegetables in mixed car-lots. After this greenhouse was destroyed in a windstorm, a new one was completed and, by 1907 Gellatly was shipping large quantities of tomatoes, soon earning the title of “Tomato King of the Okanagan.” Gellatly also grew and shipped onions and fruit, building a packing house, box-factory and large wharf on the nearby Boucherie Flat that had been acquired. In 1915 he opened a wholesale distributing house in Calgary.

This pioneer enterprise, the mainstay of the historic community of Gellatly Point, played a substantial role in shaping the farming pattern of the entire Okanagan Valley. In 1920 a disastrous fire destroyed the Gellatly wharf, packinghouse, box-factory, extensive stables and all equipment. Broken in health, David Gellatly died in 1922.

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2.3.1.5 The Gellatly Nut Farm

As early as 1905, David Gellatly Junior planted the first nut trees on Gellatly Flat and began testing nuts suitable for growing in Canada. Prior to 1920, his brother John Ure “Jack” Gellatly, then living in the United States, began to collect scion wood from various nut varieties and send them to his brother. In the early 1920s, Jack returned from the U.S.A. and took over the work begun by David. Jack began to look for hardier nut trees that would be suitable for northern climates. Thus began his life-long commitment to selecting and breeding hardy types of nut trees. Jack Gellatly developed a reputation across North America as a pioneer in the nut-growing industry, and could deservedly be considered a “person of significance”. Much of his work was accomplished at a time when transportation and communication was difficult. He died in 1969, after which the management of the nut orchard was taken over by his brother, Bill, who maintained the nut planting and nursery.

2.3.2 Historic Resources and Evaluation

2.3.2.1 Historic Structures

The Gellatly house, barn, and nut-drying shed, as well as the main section of the irrigation ditch are all located in the area described as the “heritage core” and shown on Figure 2.

Gellatly House

Historical Analysis: The log cabin that forms the core of this building was constructed in 1905 as a residence for Jack Gellatly, who was single at the time. In 1912, Jack was married and lived in the U.S. The cabin was lived in for a time by one of the hired men who worked for David Gellatly Senior. In 1920, Jack returned to the property with his family and had the large addition constructed and the entire house stuccoed. Electricity was added in 1948 or 1949. In 1966, the front porch was enclosed and glassed in and shaving insulation was put in the attic above the dining room and living room addition. Building Description: The original two-story log cabin, approximately 26’ X 21’, is unique in the Okanagan Valley, consisting of vertical poplar logs set on a sill plate at their base and capped at the top. The spaces between the logs were plastered with mortar. These logs, 10’ to 12’ in diameter are still visible in the attic areas. The peaked roof on 2 X 8 rafters was originally covered with a rolled asphalt roofing and now has a tin roof that was put on in the late 1940s. The main floor of the log structure appears to have originally consisted of two large rooms. The upstairs may have originally been open but sometime after construction had two bedrooms walled off.

The 16’ X 40’ dining and living room addition is frame and has a large dormer extending from the upstairs.

Heritage Significance: The 1984 Central Okanagan Heritage Inventory identifies the Gellatly House as “Class C” (34.1 points out of 90), of low significance. Because of the unique qualities of the building and its relatively unchanged appearance from the 1920s, the significance of this structure should be upgraded, potentially to very high in heritage significance.

Restoration Concerns: The house appears to be in sound condition. However, it is difficult to determine the condition of the logs in the original structure as they are almost completely covered with stucco (exterior) and wallboard (interior). Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is some rot in the walls and careful analysis should be conducted to determine if this is the case.

Possible Uses: Given the relative soundness of the structure, it could be used as a living history recreation (with limited access to the upstairs), an interpretive centre, or as a teahouse.

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Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 18 Gellatly Barn

Historical Analysis: The barn was constructed in 1905 using poplar timber from the surrounding land. It was used in the operation of the nut farm during its entire history and is still used by the Gellatly Nut Farm Society for storage.

Building Description: The approximately 15’ X 20’ building is constructed of poplar logs laid horizontally with dovetailed corners. The bottom logs rest on flat stones at the corners and the floor is dirt. The barn has a large loft area reached by a ladder and has an opening to the outside on the east gable area. The gables are of vertical boards and the roof is shingled. In more recent times a large rectangular opening has been cut into the south wall where there was originally a small window.

Heritage Significance: The 1984 Central Okanagan Heritage Inventory identifies the Gellatly Barn as a “Class A” (67.5 points out of 90), a rating that is supported by this assessment. This ranking made the barn one of the two most significant buildings in Area “H” (Westbank).

Restoration Concerns: The bottom logs are badly rotted where they have been in contact with the earth. Replacement of these logs would be essential to the building’s continued survival. The large opening in the back (south) wall is problematic and would have to be considered for filling in.

Possible Uses: The primitive nature of this building limits its usefulness to some extent. It would be suitable for the display of agricultural artifacts or for storage purposes.

Gellatly Nut-Drying Shed

Historical Analysis: The Nut-drying shed was probably constructed in the 1930s or 1940s on the front of an earlier root cellar that still exists to the rear (east)

Building Description: The building consists of exterior corrugated tin attached to wood frame. The floor is dirt and the upper area consists of two layers of screens on which the nuts would be spread for drying. A wooden door at the back of the shed connects to the root cellar.

Heritage Significance: The building was constructed for a unique purpose that is integral to the nut harvesting process. For this reason it is of medium heritage significance.

Restoration Concerns: The shed is structurally sound but would need replacement of some wooden elements that are deteriorated.

Possible Uses: The shed is of excellent interpretive value because of its potential to demonstrate an important role in nut harvesting.

Cottage

Historical Analysis: The cottage was constructed in 1945 to house the family of a Mr. Fairburn who was one of Jack Gellatly’s hired men.

Building Description: The original 1945 structure is 16’ X 24 and of frame on a cement footing. It originally had two rooms with a connecting door. More recently, a 7’6” square addition was added to the north end to house a bathroom.

Restoration Concerns: The building appears to be sound but an analysis of the floor joists and foundation would have to be conducted if the building was to be utilized.

Possible Uses: This building appears relatively sound and could be used for interpretive displays or for offices.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 19 Lakeshore Cabin

Historical Analysis: The cabin was constructed in the mid-1920s and was lived in as early as the winter of 1927-28. It was used for a variety of purposes during the active years of the nut orchard.

Building Description: The building is frame 8’6” X 11’8” with vertical drop siding.

Restoration Concerns: The building is in relatively good condition considering its age and exposure. However, the foundation and floor are not to be depended upon and restoration work would have to take place if the building was to have any public access.

Possible Uses: The building is attractively weathered and, if moved could be included in the heritage zone if public access to the interior was restricted.

2.3.2.2 Collections

Archival Resources

There is a large collection of photographic material relating to the Gellatly family and their occupation of the area. There is also a significant amount of archival documents in various locations. Most of the material has been gathered and copied by Ferne Jean, grand-daughter of David Eskine Gellatly. Additional archival material is being held by former resident, Angus Leslie.

Artifacts

There remains a certain amount of artifacts on the site, many of them, including original glass from the Gellatly greenhouse, stored in the Log Barn. As well, Angus Leslie holds a collection of Gellatly artifacts that he is prepared to turn over to the Gellatly Nut Farm when a museum is available. Some of the artifacts include Okanagan native material have been distributed to family members. Several native artifacts are on display at the Westbank Museum and these may available. There is also a collection of family artifacts on display at the nearby Gellatly Heritage Park.

2.3.2.3 Other Historic Resources on the Gellatly Fan

Other historic resources on the Gellatly, or Powers Creek fan, of relevance to the history of the Gellatly Nut Farm include the following.

Gellatly Heritage Park

Located approximately one-half kilometre west of the Nut Farm site is the Gellatly Heritage Park. Originally the Gellatly Family cemetery, it had become a deeded cemetery run by trustees. These trustees entered into an agreement with the Regional District of the Central Okanagan whereby the 1.6 acres of cemetery was incorporated into a regional park. The RDCO purchased 7.5 acres surrounding the cemetery and the whole property was named the Gellatly Heritage Park. Ferne Jean, granddaughter of David Erskine Gellatly, financed restoration of the cemetery and relocation of the original Billy Powers cabin and the Gellatly family barn to the park. The two restored buildings now house historic displays and information.

Gellatly Cottage

The Gellatly Cottage was constructed in 1907 by David Erskine Gellatly for his mother who had moved from the Kootenays, where she had been living with his sister. This small cottage was located across the road from his home and is still standing to the north west of the Nut Farm site. It has been moved slightly and minor changes have been made to its exterior.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 20 Gellatly Wharf

There were a number of wharves constructed in Gellatly Bay over the years. The first one was built in 1899 south of the mouth of Smith Creek and was named Hall’s Landing after George W. Hall, the first schoolmaster in the area. In 1902 David E. Gellatly had a wharf constructed to the east of the junction of Gellatly and Whitworth Roads. This wharf burned down in the fire of 1920. The Westbank Wharf was constructed near the mouth of Smith Creek in 1914. South of Halls Landing wharf, the CNR Freight wharf was built in the mid-1930’s, and has now been restored and enhanced with interpretive displays describing the Gellatly history. Yet another wharf was built in the 1940s adjacent to the packing house but this wharf was torn down sometime later.

2.4 Cultural Landscape Values

Existing reports by Runka and Welsh (1991), Hanson (1996), and Carlson and McKillop (2000) describe the genetic, agricultural, horticultural, historic and commercial values of the heritage nut orchard. The main area of the orchard is shown in Figure 2, and detailed mapping of the existing plant collection shown on Figure 3. The nut orchard is now being evaluated for potential national historic significance as a cultural landscape.

Some of the factors that are considered in the protection and management of a cultural landscape include historic period(s) of development; existing conditions and ability to convey historic significance; integrity; associations and characteristics that make the landscape or history significant; features that contribute to the historic character (including physical features, visual and spatial relationships that are character defining); and the landscape in its context of place and time.

The heritage nut orchard began when David Gellatly envisioned a new line for his nursery business, and planted the first nuts for seedling trees in 1905. After Jack Gellatly joined his brother in the early 1920’s, began a period of selecting, testing and breeding walnuts, filberts and chestnuts. Gene sources from around the world were gathered, tested and intercrossed with related North American species in order to produce new hybrid varieties. The objective of these efforts was to develop cultivars that combined high quality with frost hardiness. The result is several named cultivar "specimen" trees and shrubs, some of which date from the 1920s and 30s. Many of the "progeny arrays" lined out on the property date from the mid 1960s when Jack Gellatly was actively testing and selecting amongst native species, exotics, and their hybrids. The Gellatly Nut Farm has been described as the “the cradle of hardy nut growing and breeding in North America and beyond”.

In the western-most portion of the property, around the heritage core the planting objective appears to have been aesthetics with a variety of different aged species arranged in a more random pattern. For the remainder of the orchard, specimens are arranged in careful rows that served as a testing and selection “common garden”.

An irrigation reservoir and ditch system that once distributed water throughout the orchard is still evident around the heritage house and in various locations throughout the orchard. A husking and nut washing machine, built by Jack Gellalty is found near the heritage house. Some original tree labels can still be found throughout the collection.

The landscape not only reflects agricultural and horticultural achievements, but the vision, hard work, innovation, passion and patience of Jack Gellatly, a modest, self-taught nut culture hobbyist. Jack Gellatly played an important role in promoting nut trees “for beauty, shade and profit”, and promoting the Okanagan. Customer satisfaction was important and a brochure states "Our Aim: To supply Trees that Keep on Growing to Customers that Keep Coming". Visitors were always welcome to the nut farm, and Jack was happy to share his knowledge and enthusiasm with anyone from young children to universities and professionals in the field of nut culture. This attitude could be considered part of the heritage of the Gellatly Nut Farm.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 21 Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 22

Jack Gellatly’s interests were not limited to nut trees. An early sales brochure also includes Oregon grape, black current, golden willow, sugar maple trees, and crab perisimmons. Fruit trees were grown on the site, as well as a large vegetable garden. Chickens were raised and bees were kept. Jack was always interested in sharing his collection of native artifacts and collections from nature. He also used nuts and shells for various crafts.

Jack is reported to have developed a delicious candy from ground nuts and honey. He creamed his tea with finely ground filberts. He worked with a syrup made from the condensed sap of walnut trees.

Because the orchard has not been intensively managed since the late 1960’s, the viability of some plants may be compromised, and the setting no longer conveys the historic significance of the Gellatly horticultural and agricultural programs. A large seedling nursery near the waterfront was removed in about 1997, and is shown as ‘lawn’ on Figure 2. There is no on-going plant propagation at this time, an operational aspect that was once an important component of the Gellatly Nut Farm. Commercial sales are limited to the nut sales in the fall, with a gross revenue estimated at $15,000 (2002).

Opportunities to revive the cultural landscape of the nut orchard include restoration to a healthy, productive plantation and active on-going maintenance, development of a heritage plant breeding and propagation nursery demonstration, development of an appropriate level of on-site nut and specimen seedling sales to the public, re-establishment of some day to day farm activities, and welcoming visitors and sharing a unique experience.

2.5 Recreation Features and Opportunities

The most obvious recreation feature of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park is its waterfront location, and 148 m of clean, pebbly beach. The beach offers a south-eastern exposure, and views across the lake to the undulating forested terrain of Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park. Cottonwood and willow trees offer potential for shade on the beach in the afternoon. Open areas close to the shoreline provide opportunities for related recreation activities.

The waterfront area, likely the ‘lakeside use area’ shown in Figure 2 was historically used for recreation by the Gellatly family, including picnicking around a table from a gang-plank of the paddlewheeler S.S. Sicamous, and enjoying a bonfire.

The waterfront area of Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park has potential to link through property to the north and public roadway to the Gellatly Bay waterfront trail system. When commercial/tourist property to the north of the park is redeveloped, a public waterfront access of about 10 wide will be provided along the entire foreshore of the resort. When this occurs, the Gellatly Nut Farm will connect to a trail system which may eventually extend to Peachland and beyond.

The heritage orchard provides a unique setting for recreational use with aesthetic values that have been described as “magical”, “peaceful”, and “ancient”. While many of the old fruit orchards in the Okanagan have been replaced by smaller-growing trees, the Nut Farm preserves a rare agricultural and visual setting. Each season has its own unique qualities. The majestic form of bare trees are highlighted in winter. In the autumn, the color and fallen leaves, and various unusual shapes of nut husks contribute aesthetic qualities to the nut harvest. In the summer the nut trees offer a natural canopy of green, and welcome relief from the hot summer sun. Even if visitors did not know or care about the genetic heritage or horticultural values, the nut orchard is an attraction for park visitors, and a setting conducive to walking, and peaceful reflection. The peaceful, nostalgic setting with level ground and shade canopy will be of interest to the large proportion of seniors living in the Okanagan.

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Opportunities to support, enhance and develop recreation opportunities are wide-ranging. Suggestions from public and stakeholder input include picnic facilities, swimming area with lifeguard, children’s play ground, spray park, wharf, interpretive boardwalk through the nut orchard, sculpture garden, horseshoe pit, raised viewing platform, and connection to the Gellatly Bay Aquatic Park.

2.6 Tourism Potential

This park represents a potential tourist attraction that is not only a unique heritage resource but also a combination of heritage, recreational, and agri-tourism possibilities that position it to be a significant attraction. The park offers a special place for local residents to bring their visitors.

The newly developed Okanagan Cultural Corridor is endeavoring to attract visitors to the Okanagan based upon a range of cultural experiences and the park has the potential to be a key attraction within the cultural mix. This is reinforced by its location close to wineries and other Central Okanagan cultural attractions. Depending upon the extent to which the park is promoted, it could become an important contribution the tourism economy of the Central Okanagan.

Opportunities for tourism enhancement could include the following.

• Development of: • A tea room and garden patio in the unique ambiance of the nut orchard setting

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 24 • A food concession or tasting room that offers a unique nut-oriented products (could include Jack Gellatly’s honey and nut candy) that could capitalize on the growing market for culinary tourism. • A gift shop with local history and nut products and souvenirs, including packages of mixed nuts from the orchard, seedlings that include interpretive information, and nut craft items. • A visitor centre with informative and engaging displays • Living history interpretation and guided group tours.

• Partnership and “packaging” with other compatible tourism operators including the wineries, bicycle touring, local interpretive tours, and others, as well as creative marketing.

• Hosting of special events, celebrations and festivals, especially where they relate to the heritage or nut theme.

Tourism development would have to proceed cautiously to prevent conflict with the park’s heritage values and public recreation use.

2.7 Education/Interpretation Values

The Gellatly Nut Farm represents a chapter in the overall story of the Gellatly family and their local importance as a pioneer family, as well as their regional influence on vegetable farming and export. As a heritage resource of national significance, the park should, first of all, depict the unique story of the Gellatly brothers’ endeavour to develop hardy nut varieties suitable to northern climates. The nut orchard landscape and specimens of nut trees representing the results of decades of cross-breeding and experimentation are a living museum of nut horticulture.

The park setting, amid the nut trees themselves, presents an opportunity to engage the visitors’ senses in telling the story and the heritage buildings in their original settings help to establish an ambiance that sets the stage for effective communication of the heritage message and values.

An analysis of themes that could be represented by interpretive programs include:

Primary Themes: • The nut orchard - Its origins and development • The breeding of hardy nut tree varieties • The Gellatly brothers • The heritage buildings as part of the site history

Secondary Themes: • Aboriginal activity on the site • The First Settlers: Billy Powers; valley settlement and development by Europeans • The Gellatly Family and their vegetable growing activities • History of the Gellatly Fan

Many of these themes and other on-site learning opportunities relate to the Ministry of Education school curriculum, or Integrated Resource Packages and the park will be a valuable attraction for school and other youth groups. The park will also be of interest to post-secondary educational institutions, particularly students in agriculture and horticulture.

2.8 Composite Site Values

Within this small park is an assemblage of cultural landscape, historic, and natural resources that together represent distinctive aspects of Okanagan heritage and provide wide-ranging opportunities

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 25 of interest to a diversity of Regional District residents. While these diverse values are a park asset, they may also attract a level of use that compromises park resources and the visitor experience. Protection and presentation of the diverse park themes and resources, and accommodation of the variety of park uses will require great care.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 26 3 Park Use Projections

In order to effectively plan for development of the Gellatly Nut Farm, it is important to attempt to project future use. It is not within the scope of this planning process to conduct an in-depth analysis, nor is there existing information to support such analysis. Supply and demand, location and attractiveness of facilities, and market factors such as population size and demographics all influence current and future recreation use. Future use is also influenced by unpredictable variables such as societal changes.

For the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park, future use of heritage components will depend on how the park is developed, operated and promoted, while for waterfront recreation, a basic level of development should be enough to attract substantial use.

3.1 Waterfront Recreation

Most recreation stakeholders agree that the primary market for the waterfront recreation opportunities at Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park, independent of the heritage components, will be the Westside area.

Waterfront parks in the Westside area are shown in the following table. Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will supplement these parks by providing waterfront with a large, flat, backshore, as well as a unique aesthetic cultural landscape setting. Among these parks, only two are reported to be used at or near capacity during peak periods, Bear Creek Provincial Park and Gellatly Bay Aquatic Park3. In the Gellatly Bay area, there is a significant demand for waterfront recreation. Parking areas overflow during the summer, particularly on long weekends from boat launch traffic, resulting in extensive parking along roadways

Waterfront Parks within Westside Time during peak Area Length of Recreation Parking season parking is Park (ha) Shoreline Opportunities Capacity used to: (vehicles) Full Close to capacity capacity Provincial Parks Bear Creek 178 400 m Sandy beach, swimming, 180 (day Every Every Provincial picnicking (59 tables), 5 km use area) weekend day trails, lakeside camping Park (120 sites) Regional Parks Kalamoir 27.2 1850 m Swimming, picnicking, 20 Rarely Regional Park hiking Raymer Bay 9.7 240 m Swimming, picnicking, boat 30-40 Rarely Regional Park beach, playground Traders Cove 9.7 570 m Swimming, picnicking, 40+ Rarely Regional Park playground, boating Gellatly Bay Linear 1500 m Swimming, beach, boat Total Mainly on Often in Aquatic Park park with launch, beach, 1.5 km approx. long summer nodes waterfront trail, restored weekends CN wharf 95 in summer

3 Source: BC Parks; Regional District of Central Okanagan Parks Department; recreation stakeholders

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 27 Community and Neighborhood Parks Pritchard 120 m Swimming, beach, 10-15 Rarely playground, large grassy open space Pebble Beach 5 Rarely Additional 12 220 m park sites

The 11 km of waterfront in Peachland is also reported to be extremely heavily used.

None of these parks are comparable to the unique features of waterfront recreation opportunities at the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park.

RDCO Parks staff suggest that Bertram Creek Regional Park in Okanagan Mission may be the most closely comparable to the waterfront recreation opportunities at Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park. Facilities at this 16.6 ha (41acre) park include two covered picnic areas, wedding arbor, barbecue pits, washrooms, playground, designated swimming area, wharf, and volleyball court. There are two parking areas, one paved and close to the beach and the second, a gravel parking area closer to the park entrance. At Bertram Creek, a lower parking lot with a capacity of about 40 vehicles is often filled to capacity during the peak season. Parking overflows on to the roadway, and an upper parking lot with a capacity of about 60-80 vehicles is sometimes close to capacity.

Based on waterfront recreation only, and provision of only basic beach-oriented facilities, peak demand for parking facilities could range from 50 – 100 vehicles.

Connection with the Gellatly Bay waterfront trail could result in high levels of pedestrian use along the waterfront and through the park to George Court or Whitworth Road. A RDCO trail traffic counter recorded 41,000 users on this path in July, 2001. Dividing this in half to account for return trips provides an estimate of about 660 users/day.

If recreation facilities other than basic parking, picnicking, and trails into the orchard are developed levels of use would increase accordingly.

3.2 Heritage Nut Orchard

Past use, and a range of comparable heritage attractions can be used to help project use of the heritage nut farm independent of waterfront recreation components of the park. The following discussion is based on input from the Gellatly Nut Farm Society and RDCO Parks staff.

The commercial use of the Gellatly Nut Farm during the nut harvest, and purchase of nursery stock, reflects a long standing history of public use. The nut harvest season is from September to mid- November, with the peak season in mid-October.

In 2002, the park was open for nut sales from September to mid-November during weekends 10am – 4pm. During peak times, a maximum of 20-30 vehicles would be present, parking behind the nut drying shed and along the driveway in the orchard. Other public use of the park has included two special events held in June and July of 2002, attracting 200-300 visitors, or 50-75 vehicles.

School use will also be an important component at this park. In 2002, only three school visits, with one classroom at a time were hosted. However, with increased awareness, the Gellatly Nut Farm could attract over 7000 students in May, June, September and October. Records of school use at Mission Creek Regional Park over these four months in 1996 show 9403 students.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 28 Comparable heritage attractions range from those which are highly developed and promoted such as the Historic O’Keefe Ranch in Vernon and Grist Mill in Keremeos, to those that offer a moderate level of operations such as Fintry Provincial Park.

The Historic O’Keefe Ranch and Grist Mill offer authentic heritage restoration, living interpretation that includes hosts in period dress, role-playing, restaurant (O’Keefe) and tea room (Grist Mill), and gift shops. Both facilities are open May to October, and are well promoted. Parking at O’Keefe Ranch can accommodate over 80 vehicles, and in 2001, visitation was 33,673. The Grist Mill provides parking for about 20 vehicles and in 2001 received 17,600 visitors.

Fintry Provincial Park includes 360 hectares of the historic Fintry Estate (with historical features including the Manor House, the octagonal barn and several other farm buildings), over 2 km of waterfront with surrounding highlands and Shorts Creek canyon, and opportunities for camping, swimming, fishing, canoeing, kayaking, hiking and wildlife viewing. Average day use area use for Fintry Provincial Park in 2001 and 2002 is 67,916 per year for the period of April to October that the park is open.

The combination of heritage and recreation opportunities, as well as the nut harvest and school group use will result in the potential for very high levels of use at this park. Fortunately, the different types of use may not always occur concurrently. The nut harvest in the fall promotes use of heritage park components in the fall ‘shoulder season’. In the summer, heritage attractions will continue to attract use on cooler days, or in the cool part of the day, when waterfront recreation is less attractive. Special events and activities can be used to promote park use in shoulder seasons.

A representation of relative levels of use throughout the year is shown below.

Winter (Dec. to Mar.) Spring (April. to June) Summer (July – Aug) Fall (Sept. – Nov.) Heritage Attractions Tourists and local visitors School tours Waterfront Recreation Tourists and local visitors School tours

Moderate Use High Use

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 29 4 Park Vision

A vision for the park has been expressed as early as 1991. The Land Sense feasibility study described a vision of:

“…a commercially-operated heritage nut orchard and a lake foreshore recreational site in public ownership.” “… continuation of the valuable commercial nut orchard activity would also provide the opportunity to share with the public the historical significance of Gellatly Nuts.” “… heritage theme development would include the nut plantings as well as the historic house, barn and nut drying shed. “…an historical plant propagation nursery on the site.” “…opportunity for a new Regional (waterfront) park in close association with the commercially operated Heritage Nut Orchard.”

Since that time, the park vision has been expressed in various ways by different groups. In late 2002, the Steering Committee and Regional Board participated in two workshop sessions to develop a vision to be used in the preparation of the concept plan and development plan:

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will be a regional park that encourages appreciation and use of the property as a historical “learning environment” relative to (1) international horticultural significance (hardy nut trees) and, (2) local agricultural history. Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will also provide a wide range of passive recreational opportunities that focus on an accessible waterfront. Maintenance of the horticultural integrity and viability of tree specimens is of prime concern. Public involvement and stewardship of the park site will be encouraged in conjunction with expanded delivery of park services, particularly in the area of promoting historic site values.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 30 5 Planning Considerations/Issues This section describes park weaknesses, or factors that negatively affect how the park can support use and appreciation, but may be addressed through specific interventions. Major factors that present threats to park development and use are also described.

5.1 Cohesiveness of Park Themes and “Sense of Place”

One of the challenges of planning for this park is the very feature that made it so attractive for acquisition - the combination of a cultural heritage landscape and accessible waterfront. Both of these features could attract very different types of use and have different management focus. Public and stakeholder input has identified a wide variety of potential developments, for both the heritage nut orchard and park waterfront.

The character of this park or its “sense of place”, especially the heritage nut orchard, could be compromised by excessive complexity of themes (i.e. too many themes), facilities and uses, and detract from visitor experiences and quality as a tourist destination.

5.2 Threats to Horticultural Integrity and Viability of Tree Specimens

Active thinning and maintenance of the nut tree and shrub collections was reportedly stopped in the late 1960’s. Some of the large specimen trees have considerable dead branch wood and some top dieback. Many smaller trees are heavily shaded by larger adjacent ones and some show signs of decline and possible stem disease. Hazel shrubs are generally in poorer condition than the trees. Much thinning and pruning will be needed to convert this complex and valuable plant collection to a healthy, attractive and productive stand of trees and shrubs (Carlson and McKillop, 2000).

While a seasonally fluctuating water table likely provides the majority of water used by the trees and shrubs, additional irrigation is required during hot summer months. Irrigation is currently provided via hoses and small sprinklers, which is a labour-intensive process with unreliable results.

Walnut husk fly has been observed in the orchard, but the extent of the problem is unknown. This fly is a problem in south-central BC. It attacks the husk, making it mushy, so that it both sticks to the walnut and discolours the shell, rendering it unmarketable. No other insect and disease pests appear to be a problem at present but periodic monitoring will be required in the future.

Uncontrolled public use within the nut orchard would affect orchard operations during certain periods, especially during the nut harvest.

5.3 Need to Identify and Maintain Heritage Genetic Material

The genetic value of plant material was highlighted during efforts to protect the Gellatly Nut Farm. Now that the park is established, germplasm values are protected from commercial development. However, there may be proposals for park development that could displace some of the orchard area.

Genetic background for many of the chestnut, hazelnut and some walnut trees remain unknown. Most original records identifying tree species and genetic sources have been lost. Some of the remaining material was identified by Runka and Welsh (1991) on the basis of surviving field labels. Hanson (1997) identified some trees and shrubs that are of high value for protection. Carlson and McKillop (2000) mapped the plant material, identifying species of chestnuts, walnuts and hazel and hazelnut hybrids as well as certain walnut species hybrids. Some walnut hybrids could not be readily identified and were designated: ‘unknown at present’.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 31

It is only possible to identify "unknown at present" walnut hybrid trees during the fall when the fruit can be observed. With most of the orchard material so overgrown, some of the identifying features have been lost. When tree health improves following thinning and pruning, there could be greater success at identifying tree species.

Sixteen varieties from the Gellatly collection were taken to a nut repository in Corvallis, OR. in 1991. In 1995 the B.C. Ministry of Forests made a collection of a total of 57 tree and hazel shrub cultivars and established a gene archive site near Vernon. There may be further requests for specific materials from the collection as word of it's protection spreads.

5.4 Threats to Heritage Buildings and Features

The heritage buildings at the park vary in age from at least fifty years old (Cottage and Nut Drying Shed) to close to one hundred years old in the case the Gellatly House and Nut Barn. Time has taken its toll on the structures, especially where wood elements are in contact with the ground. There the spread of wood rot is quite visible. This is especially true in the case of the Nut Barn, the Nut Drying Shed and the Lakeshore Cabin where wood rot is well advanced in those elements closest to the ground. Stabilization is required at the earliest possible date and replacement of rotted members before the buildings should be opened to the public. A thorough examination of all buildings is necessary to determine deterioration that may not be immediately visible on the surface. This is especially true of the Gellatly House, where original elements of construction are covered with later surfaces.

The other concern from a planning perspective is the potential impact of high traffic in all of the buildings. Consideration must be given to restricting access to building interiors if there is potential for damage or deterioration from constant traffic. A balance must be struck between public access and enjoyment and the need to preserve the integrity of the heritage buildings.

5.5 Threats to Commemorative Integrity of the Orchard Cultural Landscape

In order for the landscape to have integrity, character-defining features or qualities that contribute to its significance and historic identity must be present. The lack of active orchard management could be a threat to its commemorative integrity.

Selection of an appropriate preservation time period and corresponding landscape treatment makes a strong heritage statement which affects the educational value and overall experience. At the same time, landscape is not static but constantly evolving and it is important to appreciate the effect of time on changes to a landscape, both the buildings and the orchard. A management philosophy should be clearly articulated, and approved by National Parks prior to implementation.

Park development will be required to facilitate use, and can enhance the park experience. Inappropriate or excessive development could overwhelm the scale and structure of past developments and impact the ability to appreciate the sense of time and place. Congestion and overcrowding can negatively impact commemorative integrity and affect visitor experiences.

Historic structures located in an area managed for waterfront recreation may not be adequately appreciated for their contribution to the cultural landscape setting. Moving these buildings may not respect the spirit and integrity of the overall complex.

5.6 Potential Impacts of Use and Development on Park Resources

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 32 A strong sense of entry to a heritage landscape is important to welcome visitors and introduce them to a place of the past. At the Gellatly Nut Farm, the current entrance off Whitworth Road provides this welcoming quality, and orientation to the significance of the site. The sights, sounds, and smells of high levels of vehicle use through this area could compromise this important welcoming function, and could interfere with pedestrian traffic between buildings around the homestead. The use of modern materials and building techniques for site furnishings can confuse the sense of time being conveyed.

Vehicle parking and circulation could also detract from the quality of the park (especially the heritage experience). Large parking lots could overpower the scale of a heritage development. Unauthentic development can prevent representation of a clear accurate sense of the history of a place.

While there is likely not a threat to trees and shrubs in the nut orchard, uncontrolled recreation use would impact ground cover, particularly when the ground is wet in the spring or after watering, and could cause soil compaction.

5.7 Potential Impacts of Adjacent Land Use on Park Values

Intrusions on park views from surrounding developments can significantly impact a heritage setting and visitor experience. Of greatest concern for the Gellatly Nut Farm is future tourist commercial development to the north, and widening of Whitworth Road.

5.7.1 Tourist Commercial Use Property to the north of the park is zoned for tourist commercial use, and is under redevelopment. Zoning Bylaw #871, a Comprehensive Development Zone (CD-3) for this site “provides for the development of a resort hotel and residential units which include two or more land use designations and accessory grounds as an integrated unit based upon a comprehensive development project.” Up to 150 hotel/resort/residential units could be developed. Building height could reach 20 metres. The site is to include a minimum of 175 parking spaces.

Tourist commercial property north of the park is highly visible from the park. Development could have a major impact on the park experience.

Re-development of this property (existing Cove Resort) could also create opportunities for cooperation towards provision of park services and facilities.4

5.7.2 Whitworth Road Right-of-Way Future widening of Whitworth Road could compromise the heritage barn, several trees and the heritage setting. However, the road is very narrow in front of the park, and creates a potential safety hazard that could be exacerbated with increased traffic from park use.

5.8 Potential Impacts of the Park on Adjacent Landowners

Access to the park is along a narrow country road that leads to a residential area. Poorly managed use and/or high levels of use could create traffic and parking problems on adjacent roadways, as well as safety concerns for the cyclists and pedestrians that use the roadway.

4 This would be supported by Regional Parks Policy which states: 6.14.7 Parks Department staff may cooperate with adjacent commercial enterprises that provide services and facilities which enhance existing opportunities for public appreciation and enjoyment of regional parks. Provisions for the management of visitor activities both inside and outside the park, including access to and from the park, signage, garbage disposal facilities, etc., may be cooperatively planned and executed.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 33 5.9 Potential Impact of Tourism on Use by Regional Residents

Promotion of the park for tourist use during the peak season could conflict with use and enjoyment of regional residents, and result in park over-use.

5.10 Opportunities and Issues with Revenue Generation/ Commercial Services in the Park

Unlike any other Regional Park, the Gellatly Nut Farm produces a marketable product (nuts). The sale of nuts and tree seedlings represents a historic commercial use of the park with potential interpretive value, and an opportunity to help fund orchard operations and maintenance.

Traditionally it is difficult to fund protection and management of heritage features, and the Regional Parks budget is limited. The Gellatly Nut Farm Society has played an important role in fundraising for the park, and plans to continue in this role. There could be significant opportunities to raise additional funds through provision of enhanced park services and sale of value-added, program-related products. The Society has expressed interest in managing the heritage components of this park, and revenue generating possibilities which have included a tea shop, admissions and donations, food concession, visitor centre with rooms to rent for meetings and weddings, and gift shop.

Regional Park policy does not permit commercial facilities, and only allows commercial services that are program oriented, personal services such as guided programs, and that meet specific conditions.5

While appropriate commercial services could enhance the park experience, they also have potential to impact park resources and other recreational pursuits, so need to be carefully evaluated and managed.

5.11 Visitor Safety

Dead tree limbs could fall, especially in a windstorm and creates a potential safety hazard for visitors. Falling nuts in the fall reportedly also create a hazard. The safety of swimmers could be compromised by boating use from adjacent properties.

5.12 Security

As with other parks, security concerns include partying and other inappropriate use when the park is closed. While vehicle access can be controlled by gates, boats could still access the beach after hours. Connection with the Gellatly Bay waterfront trail would also mean unrestricted pedestrian access.

Other security issues include protection of heritage buildings and enclosed displays and artifacts, and a visitor centre.

5 Park Policy: 6.14.3 In special situations commercial services may be permitted to operate within a regional park if all of the following conditions are met: • the service and/or activity is 'appropriate', as defined above; • the service is not able to be operated effectively outside the park boundary; • the business has demonstrated previous, successful operation and have a proven record and credentials for safety, insurance, etc.; • all business licences and standards required by the municipality are up-to-date; • a minimum of environmental impact will result from continued service; • the location used is selected with a sensitivity to the park resources and the experience of park visitors; and • no facilities, permanent or temporary, are associated with the service or activity.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 34 5.13 Potential Future Opportunities/Options

It is recognized that while the park could attract high levels of use for both waterfront recreation and heritage appreciation, the social carrying capacity of the park is limited. The major impact to the park is vehicle parking and circulation. There may be opportunities in the future to provide some parking and access (or exit) off-site. Potential opportunities may arise as property to the north of the park is re-developed, parking issues in the Gellatly Bay area are addressed, or other nearby options are explored.

The park is currently closed to public use except for special events and guided tours. The public is anxious to start using the park. A high priority will be to provide at least a basic level of development to support use in the short term.

If the park is developed to capacity initially, potential future opportunities for better management of vehicle use may be foregone.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 35 6 Planning Principles

Planning principles are broad statement that sets forth rules to guide park planning and management. Planning principles for the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park are proposed as follows:

1. Park planning and operations will follow a strong heritage appreciation and ecological management approach.

This principle is derived from the following statement found in the Request for Proposals for this project:

“Given that the Regional District of Central Okanagan community has a strong conservation ethic, that much of the parkland within the area primarily exists for preservation and passive recreation purposes, that many existing and future Regional Parks are intended to celebrate nature and historical appreciation values and that few intensive recreation facilities exist and are anticipated, the project requires a strong heritage appreciation and ecological management approach.”

In addition, the park is being considered as a National Historic Site, which would require that the park “…must be in a condition that respects the integrity of its design, materials, workmanship, function and/or setting… insofar as any of these elements are essential to understand its significance.”

1.1 Given that the park is under consideration as a National Historic Site for its cultural landscape, planning for park development will assume that commemorative integrity is of utmost importance.

1.2 Development and operation of the park will use best management practices for environmental protection.

2. The Heritage Nut Orchard will be managed in a fashion that restores and maintains commemorative integrity of its cultural landscape, in accordance with good horticultural practices.

2.1 The cultural landscape of the Heritage Nut Orchard will be managed to represent the Gellatly selective breeding program as it evolved up until the late 1960’s. The goal will be to enhance interpretive values of the ‘experimental laboratory’ nature of the orchard, rather than increase nut production.

2.2 A high priority will be to enhance and maintain the integrity and viability of tree specimens, and ensure long-term protection of genetic material of tree specimens.

2.3 Agricultural/horticultural operations will balance productivity and efficiency with providing opportunities for heritage appreciation and controlled hands-on participation by park visitors.

3. Within the Heritage Nut Orchard, heritage resource preservation will be a high priority, but will be balanced with visitor opportunities that are in keeping with the history and spirit of the historic nut farm.

3.1 All heritage management work will be based upon and preceded by sufficient historical research, site analysis and documentation to identify and safeguard the heritage values to be conserved.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 36 3.2 The evolution of the structures and the site will be respected. While the contributions of all periods are important to the historical development of the Gellatly Nut Farm, the period between 1905, when the first nut trees were planted, and 1968, when Jack Gellatly died, will be the interpretive focus. Themes that are being adequately interpreted at other sites in the Central Okanagan will not be emphasized.

3.3 Long-term protection of historic resources will be balanced with user requirements and future resource management goals should be identified prior to undertaking any work.

3.4 Within the heritage zone, the approach to heritage conservation should be one of minimal necessary intervention to ensure the maximum preservation of the existing and authentic physical and natural features.

3.5 Restoration of heritage structures will be limited to replacing deteriorated or damaged elements primarily for the purposes of ensuring the ongoing preservation of the structures. The addition of modern elements will be undertaken only when long-term user requirements are identified.

3.6 The decision to move of any of the historic structures will be made only after a thorough look at the possibility of maintaining the structure on its original site.

3.7 Presentation of cultural resources (including interpretation and visitor activities, facilities, programs and services) will respect and enhance the historic value of the site and be consistent with the purpose and themes of this zone.

4. The park will be planned and managed as a Regional Recreation/Cultural/Waterfront Park according to RDCO Regional Parks Policies. Specific note is made of the following policies:

4.1 Development and operation of the park will endeavor to be a “good neighbor” with adjacent land owners.

4.2 The amount, kind, time and location of outdoor recreation activities will be controlled to contribute to visitor safety and enjoyment, and to protect park resources.

4.3 Direction from, or amendment of Regional Parks Policies may be required to accommodate the vision for this park in the following areas:

4.3.1 Commercial Services 4.3.2 Resource Management

5. The park will be planned and managed as a tourist destination for heritage appreciation and agri-tourism. Types and levels of use will be managed to protect the qualities and attributes of heritage resources.

6. Park development will incorporate opportunities for long term self-sufficiency of heritage preservation, maintenance and operations.

6.1 The park will be designed with a view to minimize operations and maintenance costs.

6.2 Revenue generating opportunities will be of a type and scale that will respect the heritage values and spirit of place.

7. Park development will proceed cautiously in a phased approach, to allow for adaptive management, and options to take advantage of future opportunities.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 37 7 Concept for Park Development and Operations The background information in the first six sections of this plan, public and stakeholder input, and a site analysis (Appendix 3) were used to develop the park concept plan, shown in Figure 4. Key features of this plan are described below, and site-specific details outlined in Appendix 4.

7.1 Park Zoning

Internal park zoning is commonly used to divide a protected area into logical units to reflect the intended land use and apply uniform and consistent management objectives for management and development. Three of the zones described in the Official Regional Parks Plan are used for the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park.

The heritage nut orchard will be managed as a Special Preservation Zone, with priority on protection of the genetic, agricultural, heritage and interpretive values, and commemorative integrity of the Heritage Nut Orchard, and presentation as a “historical learning environment”. This zone, referred to as the heritage nut orchard, will include the area enclosed within the split rail fence on Figure 4. Special features outside of this zone may also be managed for protection.

The remainder of the park will be managed as a zone that combines Outdoor Recreation (to provide for readily accessible, intensive outdoor recreation including beach activities and picnicking), and Park Services (for appropriate types of park facilities including parking and washrooms).

The heritage and recreation zones will each have a different management focus, and each separately will attract visitors with different (but equally legitimate) needs and expectations for their park experience. Integration of these two types of park experience provides for a unique destination that will meet the needs of a variety of regional residents.

This zoning concept provides for a balance of heritage and recreation objectives. Over one quarter of the park will support intensive waterfront recreation, with the remainder of the park aimed to offer leisure and recreation uses compatible with heritage appreciation.

The zoning configuration also supports partial separation of heritage and recreation uses. This concept was strongly supported by initial public/stakeholder input. The orchard will be fenced (split – rail or other suitable heritage style fence) to control visitor use for reasons of visitor safety, and protection and presentation of the heritage resource.

While the two types of experience and uses at this park are very different, there are common areas that can help to unify the park experience. The park entrance through the orchard, the 1920’s lakeshore cabin, and the hazelnut and walnut picnic grove are areas where beach users can get a taste of the unique heritage character of this park. The heritage interpretive centre will also promote integration of heritage and recreation uses.

7.2 Level and Timing of Development

The Concept Plan reflects a conservative approach to development. The plan shows a moderate level of development, with moderate provision for parking and areas for overflow and/or future expansion. While the park use projections showed potential demand for a large amount of parking at peak periods, the sensitivity of the unique park environment, and potential designation as a National Historic Site demands a more conservative approach.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 38 A conservative, phased approach could also take advantage of potential future opportunities for parking off-site or additional park access/exit through property to the north to reduce the impact of the park road on the heritage area.

The Concept Plan promotes phased development with recognition of potential long-term opportunities and potential designation as a National Historic Site.

While initial phases of development may be conservative, planning should recognize the potential for some facilities and park ‘use nodes’ to evolve to more intensive uses. A good example will be the heritage interpretive centre.

The site is planned to create minimal disturbance by grouping compatible developments. Site enhancement will include vegetation buffers to screen unwanted views and sounds, and expansion and rehabilitation of Cottonwood stand.

7.3 Development and Management Responsibilities

7.3.1 Relationship between Regional District and Gellatly Nut Farm Society

The Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park will be developed and operated through a unique working relationship between the Regional District and the Gellatly Nut Farm Society. The specific details of this partnership will be described in a separate operational, or business plan.

Key features of the management model will include the following:

• The Regional District will maintain ultimate management jurisdiction over the park. • The Regional District will maintain representation on the Gellatly Nut Farm Society Board of Directors. • The Regional District will develop, operate and maintain the recreational components of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park and provide assistance within the heritage zone. • The Gellatly Nut Farm Society will preserve, restore, develop, operate and maintain the heritage components of the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park, including the heritage nut orchard. • The management agreement between the Regional District and the Gelllatly Nut Farm Society will establish the parameters of development and operation for the heritage resources, especially in the area of revenue generation. This will include the establishment of objectives and standards for which the operations will be carried out. • The Society will act as a local conduit through which individuals and partner organizations and businesses can channel financial assistance and other forms of support into the site.

7.3.2 Revenue Generating Activities

Trends in heritage site management are towards greater emphasis on on-site revenue generation, particularly from tourist traffic. The extent of revenue generating activities necessary to sustain the park’s heritage features will depend upon operational costs associated with park development, and the division of funding responsibilities between the Regional District and the Gellatly Nut Farm Society.

While benefits can be derived from tourist use and on-site revenue generation, the priority will be to manage the park in perpetuity for residents of the Regional District of Central Okanagan. The sense of community ownership should not be compromised.

The concept and specifics of revenue generation within the Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park were discussed, and resulted in acceptance of the concept of on-site revenue generation through appropriate activities that will support upgrading and maintenance of heritage features.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 39 Revenue generating opportunities will be of a type and scale that will respect the heritage values and spirit of place, and could include, but are not limited to: • Nut and seedling sales; gift sales (theme-related; tasteful) • Donations, grants, planned giving • Fees for guided interpretive programs; school tours • Admissions to heritage orchard (local residents can purchase modestly priced family season passes) • Note: Admission charges will depend upon the outcome of the Regional District Parks Fees and Charges Policy which will be considered in the future. • Sales of food items in keeping with the theme • Note: potential for expansion of food services would require detailed business planning and careful programming to avoid increasing park use during peak periods. There may be future opportunities for partnerships with adjacent or nearby commercial operations. • Special Fundraising Events such as horticultural demonstrations/presentations, theatrical interpretive presentations, tea party, May Day celebrations, harvest dinner, Halloween events, murder mystery dinner, farmer’s market, art shows - all during non-peak park use periods. For larger events, off-site parking and shuttle service may have to be arranged. • Park space rental for low-key events such as small meetings, weddings, and wedding photos.

Separate from the Concept Planning and Site Development Planning process, the Regional District, Gellatly Nut Farm Society, and other members of the Steering Committee will develop operating parameters including consideration of “appropriate” on-site revenue generating activities. This may include consideration of a creative approach for partnership opportunities for the operation of Gellatly Nut Farm.

7.4 Park Services Development

Park access will come off Whitworth Road to separate parking areas along the north park boundary. Beach traffic through a heritage landscape is not an ideal situation, but options are limited at this time. Impacts will be mitigated by moving the park access to the north boundary, away from the core of heritage buildings, and using existing trees and new plantings as a buffer. This will also relocate the road closer to its historic location. The intrusion of the road will be minimized by limiting its width to one lane with pull-offs. Future opportunities for park access through the property to the north should be considered.

Park visitors will also arrive on foot and by bicycle, and access design will take this into consideration. Bicycle racks will be provided in appropriate locations. In the longer term, primary pedestrian access will be via the waterfront trail from the north.

Separate parking areas for waterfront recreation and heritage area use will be developed. The waterfront parking will be designed to accommodate a bus turn-around. A drop-off area close to the core heritage area will be provided for those with mobility challenges.

Separate washroom facilities, possibly combined with an interpretive kiosk or picnic shelter will be provided for the high volume waterfront recreation use. When developed, the heritage interpretive centre will also provide washrooms.

7.5 Heritage Development

7.5.1 Heritage Interpretive Centre

An early vision for this park was to include a tea house and museum in the historic Gellatly residence. The 1945 cabin was also considered for use as the heritage interpretive centre. Impacts of building

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 40 modification on historic values, potential costs, and other practical considerations led to the decision to focus high volume public use in modern buildings. For this reason, the Concept Plan proposes development of a heritage interpretive centre at the edge of the orchard, adjacent to the waterfront recreation area and close to parking.

The Heritage Interpretive Centre will provide a gateway to the nut orchard, and be a focus for suitable revenue-generating activities. The primary function of the interpretive centre will be to welcome visitors, and introduce them to the Gellatly Nut Farm story.

The scale and function of this interpretive centre was the most discussed component of the Concept Plan because of its ramifications to the visitor experience, park use, infrastructure needs, and capital and operational cost implications. While the interpretive function of this facility could be fulfilled by development ranging from a sign kiosk to a visitor centre, a secondary role will be to support revenue generation by the Gellatly Nut Farm Society.

The Gellatly Nut Farm Society have proposed a facility concept that would include interpretive displays, office space and some space for appropriate revenue generation. The concept is a moderate-sized building compatible with park resources. The caretaker’s residence would be included in this building, perhaps on an upper floor, in order to reduce the development footprint in the park.

The heritage interpretive centre will be carefully designed to be compatible with the park’s heritage theme, and to accommodate phased development. In the earliest phases of park development, the interpretive centre may only be a sign kiosk, and be replaced in the intermediate term with a moderate sized building. In the long term, when park use is well established, building expansion could be considered if conditions warrant. A building addition, to supplement revenue generation opportunities with food services for example, may be warranted if there is a need for additional sources of funding for park operations. The heritage interpretive centre will be planned with options for potential additions in mind.

Prior to development of the interpretive centre, or any future expansion, a business plan would be required to justify development, particularly of revenue generation uses.

Located on the upper floor of the interpretive centre, a caretaker would be strategically situated with a view of the waterfront, the area of heaviest use. This location would create the least intrusion on the park experience. In the earliest phases of park development, a suitable interim caretaker’s residence may have to be determined.

7.5.2 Self-Guiding Orchard Interpretive Trail Loops

Beginning at the visitor centre, self-guiding interpretive trail loops will be planned to access identified points of interest and tell the story of the heritage nut orchard and its significance to hardy nut tree growing. Trail surfacing will ensure accessibility for wheelchair use, and will be compatible with surroundings.

7.5.3 Heritage Core Buildings

The Heritage Core area, including the residence, nut barn and drying shed, will be used as a focus for heritage interpretation.

While most of the park site will use moderate levels of self-guiding interpretation, as supported by public input, the heritage core area could be used to provide “living interpretation” including hosts in period costumes guiding visitors, and going about daily chores on the nut farm.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 41 In the Gellatly residence, re-creation of décor and furnishings of a specific period, complete with the types of collections Jack Gellatly would enjoy sharing, would be appropriate. Coordination with the Westbank museum will be important to ensure development of a complementary experience.

New developments that could be compatible within the heritage core could include a vegetable garden, chicken house, demonstration bee hive, limited heritage flower gardens, garden swing, restored early van (as used by Jack Gellatly as he toured all around British Columbia selling nut trees), display of agricultural artifacts, and restoration of the irrigation ditch. On-going use of the nut drying shed would provide a valuable visual and sensory interpretive experience.

Heritage features would be managed according to principles described in Section 6. Security of the heritage core buildings would rely on motion detectors.

7.5.4 Heritage Nut Orchard

The Heritage Nut Orchard will be managed to ensure long-term health, and to improve representation of the working Gellatly Nut Farm. The Heritage Nut Orchard will be managed with a high priority on orchard health and cultural landscape commemorative integrity, according to planning principles in Section 6, and as described in Appendix 2.

A demonstration seedling nursery(s) will be developed in a suitable location within the orchard. Hands-on opportunities will be available for visitor participation in nut collecting, and potentially in plant propagation.

7.6 Recreation Development

7.6.1 Waterfront Recreation

Waterfront Recreation developments will be compatible with the unique park setting and respect the social carrying capacity of the park as a whole.

Proposed developments are limited to basic facilities for family-oriented beach use, picnicking, and swimming, with open areas for free play and special events. Waterfront recreation facilities will include a children’s playground, lakeside picnic area, and potentially a swimming raft. The Regional District should apply for a foreshore tenure to establish an extended swimming area and to regulate boat access.

The continuation of the waterfront path could enter the park from the north, and pass through the park to George Court or Whitworth Road.

7.6.2 Art in the Park

Early proposals for the park included a sculpture garden within the heritage nut orchard. This proposal was deemed to be inappropriate due to conflicts with commemorative integrity of the cultural landscape, and potential National Historic Site designation. Outside of the heritage nut orchard, sculptures, or any public art can be used to enhance the enjoyment and appreciation of the park’s unique heritage values, but need to be carefully evaluated.

Following are some of the provisions for approval of art in the park: • Public art will not be considered on the site until notification of the decision of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board on the future status of the park. • Any future public art proposal must demonstrate a recognition of the approved Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept and Site Development Plan (2003)

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 42 • If public art is considered in the future, the theme, number, size, and placement of art pieces will be important considerations for determining how the art works contribute towards the park.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 43

Figure 4. Draft Concept Plan

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 44

10 References

Carlson, M. and S. McKillop, 2000. Gellatly Nut Farm Mapping and Plant Health Evaluation Project.

Hansen, J, 1997. An Evaluation of the Plant Material in the Gellatly Nut Farm.

Parks Canada. Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies – Cultural Resource Management Policy.

Paterson, D.D. and L. J. Colby, 1989. Heritage Landscapes in British Columbia: A Guide to their Identification, Documentation, and Preservation. University of British Columbia.

Professional Environmental Recreation Consultants, Ltd. and Urban Systems, 2000. Regional District of Central Okanagan Westside Parks and Recreation Master Plan.

Regional District of Central Okanagan. Our Regional Parks: The Official Regional Parks Plan for the Central Okanagan.

Runka, G. G. (Land Sense) and Dr. M. Welsh, 1991. Gellatly Nut Orchard Feasibility Study.

Thorton, G., 2002. Central Okanagan Crown Land Tourism and Commercial Recreation Opportunities Study.

Urban Systems, 1997. Westbank Official Community Plan (Bylaw No.686).

Personal Communication: Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Steering Okanagan Historic Society: Committee: • Peter Tassie • Director Len Novakowski • Director David Knowles Gellatly Bay Trails and Parks Society: • Duane Ophus • Jeff Harte; Duane Ophus • Terry Tanner • Dave Goodman Kelowna Museum and Archives: Wayne Wilson • Larry Foster • Alice Hargreaves Okanagan Cultural Corridor Project: • Jodie Foster Sexsmith Sandra Kochan • Murray Kopp Keremeos Grist Mill/Kamloops Museum and Westside Recreation Commission: Archives: Cuyler Page

• Carl Zanon Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection: • Martha Dagg • Brian Jantz, Mike Ladd

Gellatly Nut Farm Society: Canadian Heritage; Western Region: • Ferne Jean • Doug Findlater, Sr. Program Officer/Manager • Carolyn Ellis

Parks Canada National Historic Sites Directorate: Central Okanagan Naturalists Club: • Andrew Waldron, Architectural Historian • Hugh Westhauser • Bob Fulton Department of Fisheries and Oceans

• Dave Smith Friends of Fintry: • Dan Bruce Past and Current Caretakers: • Jan Waldon • Lori Mairs; Kathy Robertson

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 46

Written Input from groups and individuals identified above, as well as others.

On-Line Resources: • Cultural Resource Management Vol. 23 No.8. Creative Teaching with Historic Places. • Charles A. Birnbaum, ASLA, National Parks Service. Preservation Brief #36. Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes

Various photos, newspaper clippings, and historical resources

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 47

Appendix 1. Results of Public Input

Some letters of support for park acquisition offered comments related to park development. These are shown in the table below.

Comments Related to Park Development from Letters of Support for Park Acquisition F.W. Schumacher • Maintain the plantation as a viable agricultural entity; gene pool will Co., Inc continue to be an irreplaceable source of northern hardy nuts May 1991 Gellatly Bay Aquatic • Visitors would be fascinated to walk through the (nut grove), watch the Park Society unusual irrigation system fed by a long ditch from Powers Creek, tour the May 1990 restored pioneer Gellatly residence and outbuildings; .. sandy beach could make an attractive and popular swimming area. W.S. Peters, P Ag. • Every effort should be made to propagate (original trees) to ensure that Min. of Agriculture they are not lost through frost, disease, or other unforeseen events and Fisheries; April 1991 Sharon Rempel • Recommend that the carrying capacity of the total property be considered Director, Canadian when making recommendations as to a possible multi-use facility. Active Heritage Seed recreation sites abound in the province, however the concept of passive Program recreation remains relatively unnoticed in many multi-use considerations. June 1991 The site as it exists now, does not allow large numbers of people access at one time. I would hope that development plans would maintain the integrity of the historic orchard, and make suitable use of the beachfront, with activities appropriate to the interpretive time period of the orchard, and befitting the stately, old feeling a grove of trees allows.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 48

Stage 1 Public Input Survey Responses (68 responses received) # Re- Question sponses 1. Which Park value is most important to you? 15 1. Heritage Nut Orchard 2 2. Pioneer homestead 17 3. Waterfront Recreation 4. Other 5 a. All three 2 b. Heritage Nut Orchard with Waterfront Recreation 2 c. Heritage Nut Orchard with Pioneer homestead 1 d. Heritage Nut Orchard and quiet contemplation 1 e. 1.Waterfront Recreation and associated passive recreation (In long term, it will be the waterfront that residents most appreciate); 2. Preservation of Tree farm 2. Which option best represents your vision for zoning and park access? 7 1. Separation of Heritage and Recreation Uses 37 2. Partial Separation of Heritage and Recreation Uses 5 3. Integration of Heritage and Recreation Uses 4. Your Option 1 a. Access off George Crt. And Whitworth 1 b. Park Services Zone off Whitworth – keep Heritage Park natural with walking trails to beach. Dock for swimming, fishing, etc. 1 c. Option 2 with recreation area reserved for wildlife habitat 1 d. Recreation/Services larger than 3; parking near Whitworth; tie up wharf for boats up to 32 feet; picnic tables; benches, lawn board game (e.g. checkers) amidst trees; swim only area marked in water to keep boats safely out of designated swim area; boat tie-up buoys outside swimming area. 1 e. Parking should be provided off-site e.g. somewhere along Whitworth. With drop-off and handicap parking along northern fence. Visitors walk-in 2 f. Option 2 with waterfront recreation limited to north of waterfront area 3. Which of the following use and management concepts best represent your vision? Heritage/Recreation Balance Other Development 9 1. Strict preservation of heritage elements even if it limits use 24 1. Museum 15 2. Food/souvenir 26 3. Visitor Centre opportunities. concession 48 2. Balance of heritage and recreation objectives 17 4. Sculpture Garden 18 5. Tea Shop 4 6. None 1 3. Focus on maximum use even if heritage elements require 1 7. Dock/swimming 1 Wharf with boat ties modification

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 50

Heritage Nut Orchard Management Interpretation and Education – Approach and Themes 10 1. Minimal level of tree thinning/pruning to ensure long-term 8 1. Minimal interpretation with site as original as possible. E.g. Allow orchard health cultural resource to evoke an aura of “Spirit of Place” 33 2. Moderate level of tree thinning/pruning to ensure long-term 34 2. Moderate level of interpretation with signs, brochures, kiosks. health, and to improve representation of the Gellatly selective breeding programs 13 3. High level of plant removal to protect only the most important 10 3. High level of interpretation with period costumes and objects, role- specimens and to provide a more open “park-like” setting playing and representations of past activities to create a “Spirit of the Past”. E.g. Barkerville

27 1. Interpretive themes address the full range of human occupation of the site from aboriginal to recent. Working Nut Orchard – Commercial Use 17 2. Interpretive themes address the period of Gellatly occupation only. 11 1. Commercial operation to optimise hands-on visitor experience. 8 3. Interpretive themes address a limited period of time during the E.g. Nut harvesting by park visitors Gellatly occupation. 41 2. Efficient commercial operation with opportunities for visitor participation. E.g. Nut collection contracted out, nuts sorted and What community do you live in? sold on-site (“We-pick”), with options for visitors to pick from specified areas. 5 3. Commercial operation to optimise efficiency. District of Lake Country 1 District of Peachland E.g. Nut collection contracted out and nuts sold commercially 10 Glenrosa 5 City of Kelowna 12 1. Demonstration seedling nurseries for interpretation only 32 Westbank Ellison 18 2. Seedlings raised in commercial nurseries off-site, potted and Westside Road 1 Casa Loma low-key sales on-site in spring 1 Both above 4 Lakeview Heights 2 West Kelowna Estates Recreation Trepanier Joe Rich 16 1. Recreation limited to beach access, trails, picnic tables; small 1 Other parking area 24 2. Moderate level of recreation development including moderate size parking 15 3. Management of high level of recreation use with large parking and picnic area, BBQ shelters, children’s play area Additional Comments • Trees - need black walnut husk fly controlled; blight needs to be • I would prefer to leave the area of the working nut farm left as a controlled; need pruning; need fertilizing limited access area, and the shore area to be open up to the public.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 51 • Seedlings could be raised, potted and sold on site; Interpretation • Finding the balance to gain public support (recreation is likely most should be self-guiding. popular) yet maintaining the special nature of the GNF will be the key. I support the maximum amount of heritage preservation possible. • Park should provide limited parking (e.g.30-50 cars). Don’t want • As a resident of George Court, I am very concerned about safety the beach to become a “hang-out”. Look for parking options with the ever increasing numbers of runners, walkers, bikers, etc. outside of park; walk-in beach access. Other Regional Parks who use the area and added traffic routed around 90 degree corners have walk-in beach access e.g. Raymer. Encourage visitors to to enter and leave off George Court. The existing driveway within ride bike or walk to park from nearby neighborhoods. the park could be maintained without damaging the heritage or • The park should be developed to support “traditional” types of vegetative value of the site. The neighbourhood supports the park, recreation activities appropriate to the heritage theme. but the park should not change the character of the neighbourhood by encouraging traffic to be routed around the park and onto George Court. • I would like to see a balance between the recreational and the • Could be used for field trips for the children-picnics swimming, etc. heritage aspects of the park, The two areas to be separated in a Also a wonderful place for wedding ceremonies to take place tasteful way, I think there should be some degree of protection for the Nut Trees. • Option 4: parking should not be too convenient – make people • Option 2 – need a buffer strip of screening between park and walk; parking along laneway, some parking near road; if commercial site to north; concern re: proposed marina and impact additional space is needed, use open space. Whitworth Road on day use of park beach; no more than 50 parking spaces; should should be park entrance. The park should be limited to passive be linked to Gellatly Bay walking path along the foreshore from recreation only e.g. hiking, swimming, with no sports fields of wharf to park. any types, no active sports. Recreation themes should be • compatible with heritage themes. Recreation use and Everybody got together to save this property as a heritage site not development should concentrate on waterfront; could include a parking lot, play ground. The entire farm should be saved with boat playground. Caretaker should reside on site to reduce concerns access to the beach only. re: rowdyism • Could provide shuttle bus or buggy access • Option 2: Entrance from Whitworth; small amount of parking near • A heritage rose garden, and gardens featuring flowers of the entrance (may be able to move some buildings; remove some period would be my best idea. trees); main parking along fence on north boundary (approx. 50 – 100). Open space near waterfront should be left for special events; play space. • I am a professional gardener/arborist and would like to be used • Someone should be hired to look after the nut farm, raise the or hired to create rose gardens and English flower gardens. seedlings there, and maintain the operation of the farm. This could be done with a reduced rent for the doublewide trailer on beachfront. This way, someone would be there to handle concerns of the neighbours as they arise in case of problems with public on site.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 52 Stage 2 Public Input – Concept Plan Review – Survey Responses (24 received) a. I support the concept plan as shown – 8 responses b. I support the concept plan with minor changes:

• Public access through George Court should not be allowed. This is a narrow street and crescent – no room for vehicular parking. No mention of bathroom facilities – need to accommodate 100-200 people. The park needs to be hooked up to sewer.

• Bathrooms by parking for up to 180 people as per parking and beach traffic.

• Design waterfront and picnic/overflow parking areas to be unfriendly to geese • Combine caretaker’s residence/ duplicate of Gellatly residence as proposed by (GNFS) president • Plant area of shrubs (rose, Oregon grape, etc) to act as wildlife habitat and transition between orchard and public use area

• 60 parking spaces would seem to limit access in busy seasons, but if possible, apart from the overflow parking area, it would be good if off-site parking could be used. (the land across Whitworth Road come to mind)

• More parking, preferably off-site if possible

• The entry may be a nuisance fro neighbours, so possibly move first 30-50 feet towards the heritage home(?) • Site of a proposed interpretive centre could be shown • Resolve conflict between planning issue “opportunity – revenue generation” and principle of self sufficiency • Also need to show practical side of nut farming. If we are to continue growing and selling nuts, provision must be made for more than thinning and pruning – accepted methods of nut farming need to be understood and practiced. As well, probably a new drying and cleaning shed – we won’t always have Ferne to take the crop home and wash and bleach the nuts.

• Would like to see an extended swim area; the interpretive building more centrally located with dual access for public • Cant wait for the trees to be thinned out! • We would like to see an area set aside for quiet contemplation and natural setting appreciation – does not need to be very large and can be encompassed in the heritage part of the plan (a non-activity spot!) • Concern re: north entrance to park for waterfront path and additional park use pressure from adjoining commercial development • Waterfront north of Cove and south of park should be accessible with reasonable access to the waterfront either via a boardwalk along the water or reasonable access at road ends with a connecting path. • It is a regional park for the enjoyment and stimulation of all the people in the Central Okanagan, not just a great feature for the nearly residents who will have easy access.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 53 • Cottonwood trees can be eliminated for more park (they are a dangerous tree as limbs fall off easily) I would expand this area into lawn or play area.

• There may need to be a more major separation (e.g. barrier/fence) between the water rec area and the GNF...... particularly to prevent vandalism in off hours. • The issue of parking ...... both in a small lot and on the road will need a lot more consideration...... how will you handle 400 cars on a hot August long weekend all wanting to go to the beach… c. I support the concept plan with major changes: • There is no community water supply here. You are inviting the general public to use this park – what will be done to provide drinking water?

• Recognition of the placement of facilities by the (GNFS) planning committee • Formal recognition of the possible management of the Gellatly nut farm society or structure that would • Inclusion of a sculpture park • Leave existing road. (of course will require some upgrading) • Include Visitors Centre, Caretakers Res, Service Area etc under one roof.

• Extend swimming area.

• Include picnic tables amongst Cottonwood Grove. • Discourage use of Beach to Boaters, apparently “the Cove” development includes a Marina, boaters can utilize that facility. d. I do not support the concept plan for the following reasons: • Whitworth Road/George Court residents: • You cannot be serious with only 60 parking stalls! This should be increased to a minimum of 40 for heritage centre and 80 for waterfront parking.

• 6 George Court residents responded with concern re: potential increase of public parking on George Court close to the Service Access where people will park to go to the beach: • concerns for child safety due to increased public parking • residents concerned re: damage to private property where interfaced with public parking, garbage, etc. • Concern that service access will be blocked, therefore restricting service and emergency access to the beach. Restricting of an emergency access not properly noticed or enforced could involved the RDCO in a potential liability lawsuit if an accident did occur. • Therefore, changes to the plan should include a posted and enforced “No Public Parking” signage along George Court and surrounding area.

• Where is there any space for visitors to park? At present there is none. Even on narrow roadway in front of park. This must be addressed.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 54 Summary from adjacent lakeshore property to south: • Should be no development until decision re: National Historic Site. Do not waste unique opportunity for all Canadians - plan this slowly. • Concern re: impacts to private residence next to farm • Nut farm should be operated as a working farm; huge public access is detrimental to the farm. • RDCO should sell off lakefront lots to provide revenue to operate historic nut farm. • If concept plan goes through: • should relocate swimming area to north side of property. Commercial development to north will bring tourists into park from that property. • Should locate caretaker’s residence to north of southern lakeshore residence to form buffer from park public access. Will need clear unobstructed view of lakeshore. • Should fence off lakeshore area from lakeshore cabin south with little or no public access. There is already 1.6 km of public beach access in Gellatly Bay. • Use existing location of entrance road off Whitworth • Entrance to caretaker’s road off George court ok, but should be no public parking • Park should be closed at night

Summary of Response from Cove property owner: Park Values: The value of a park in any community is to provide some open space to enjoy the beauty of nature… and in this case the lake is a big part of the attraction. Potential Impact of Adjacent Land Use on Park Values. The future redevelopment of the Cove property with a Resort Hotel would not diminish the Parks property value. Whitworth Access Widening: The most important design issue is the frontage road on Whitworth.that desperately needs to be widened. The Nut Farm will create a bottleneck on Whitworth Road. The road too narrow and this needs to be addressed. When people are walking along the road and a vehicle comes, it’s tight. But if two vehicles meet there is no room for the pedestrians. There is not enough room for two larger vehicles to comfortably pass in this area. There is no choice but to improve the road width as part of this development plan. There may be more than one way to solve it. You refer to moving heritage buildings in other parts of the paper… why not move the old barn? If taking out the necessary lilac hedge and a few trees and moving the old barn is just not to be considered, than it should be a requirement to purchase the necessary land across the road and rebuild the road to make it safe. Onsite Parking: Another issue would be overflow parking on the streets in the neighbor hood. There is sufficient land in the ten acres to accommodate ALL the parking. Don’t under design for parking. If this park is going to be utilized by the community, expect that most of them will be driving to the park and need a place to park their vehicles. Again this strengthens the argument to have the road adequately widened in front of the Whitworth access. If there really was an occasion where overflow parking spilled onto the street, at least have the street to a standard where there are shoulders that can accommodate it. Traffic flow and Parking: Continue with existing access to the parking lot, rather than align it to the north property boundary. The feeling of driving in beside a “landscape buffer” is not exciting… but driving in through the nut farm is much nicer. Walking Access to adjacent property: The trail to the Resort should be shown along the waterfront.. Vehicle access or shared parking with the Cove: There should not be vehicle or pedestrian access from the Resort property to the Nut Farm Park. The only access between the two should be at the waterfront.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 55 Comments/Questions from Open House (consultant response in italics)

• Concern re: potential to damage adjacent trees during thinning. Timeline for tree removal – 2 weeks. • How will tree removal affect bird habitat? Has there been a bird count? • Concern re: damage to irrigation whirligigs by recreationists, farm machines. Will be spaced 8-9’ apart. Could paint top. • Need for cavity control? Only if desired. • Concern re: compatibility between recreation development and National Historic Site designation. Potential for National Historic Site designation is at forefront of planning considerations. • Boat access cannot be controlled, and uncontrolled access may cause security concerns. There is a need for on-site caretaker. • Traffic on Whitworth Road is already very heavy. Has there been a traffic study to determine impacts of park development? • The existing road location provides an attractive park entrance, and is closer to the area of the original road. Relocation of road will impact park neighbor. • Concern re: impact of proposed developments on National Historic Site designation • Concern re: impacts on private residence to south of noise and possible trespass, litter etc. from recreational use • Cost of orchard maintenance. Initial thinning and pruning, and irrigation will be a large up front cost; will not be large scale maintenance thereafter. • Concern re: number of parking spaces. Don’t want to build the park for the July long weekend. RDCO can promote increased use at other parks. • Approve of road relocation to north boundary. • Will lighting be considered? Dawn to dusk operations? • How will the park be serviced – water, sewer? • Need “no parking” signs for George Court • Concern re: high levels of waterfront recreation use adjacent to private property.

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Appendix 2. Horticultural/Agricultural Assessment and Recommendations - submitted by Dr. Michael Carlson

Background

J.U. Gellatly was a self-trained plant breeder and horticulturalist. He had basic knowledge of plant reproductive biology, genetics and plant propagation. J. U. collected nuts from several walnut, chestnut, hazel and Turkish tree hazel species from various North American, European and Asians sources. He planted rows of seedlings (progeny arrays) from these seed sources in order to observe them over several years. J.U. wanted to select for cold hardiness and nut quality traits. Each year, trees and shrubs in rows were removed as they were damaged by frost events. Most nut species require 6-8 years to reach reproductive maturity.

Today’s collection of trees and shrubs are remnants of J.U.’s “last round” of testing and selection activities before his death in 1969. These trees and shrubs were planted at very close spacing to facilitate comparisons of hundreds of individuals per seed source. Today these overcrowded rows need thinning and pruning in order to guarantee future plant health and longevity. J.U. sold and gave away grafts and seedlings of his identified and named cultivars of walnuts, chestnuts and hazelnuts. His purpose on this property was to test and selectively breed nut trees and shrubs leaving commercial nut production to other locations and persons.

Existing Conditions

Today J.U.’s nut tree and shrub collection is in need of thinning pruning to maintain health and vigor. Selecting rows are very crowded and many trees have a 30 year accumulation of dead branches and stem sections. Opening up of the crowded rows and removal of dead wood across the site will greatly improve the collection longevity, health, and appearance aw well as improve future nut production. An irrigation system will also insure continued good health of trees and shrubs. Irrigation from many buried plastic and small non-intrusive above ground spinning sprinkler heads is recommended. A management plan for future fertilizing, pruning and insect and disease monitoring is also needed.

A small demonstration of the original J. U. Gellatly row irrigation methodology will add to the heritage interpretation objectives as will restoration of certain implements found on site (i.e. water pump, nut washer, etc.).

Protection and Distribution of Gellatly Nut Materials

Many of J.U.’s named cultivars are archived at U.S. germplasm repository site (i.e. Oregon State University, University of Wisconsin). In addition, the B.C. Ministry of Forests has a small clonebank collection of 57 Gellatly cultivars. Future distribution of materials to all interest parties should be encouraged. Maintenance of plant health on-site is the best insurance that the Gellatly nut legacy will be protected for future generations.

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 58 Appendix 3. Site Analysis Summary - submitted by Catherine Berris Associates, Inc., April 2003.

For the site analysis summary, the park property was divided into areas with similar characteristics (see Figure 2). This table describes the opportunities, constraints and potential park design ideas for each area illustrated on the plan.

Whitworth Road Edge

Opportunities Constraints • Rural character compatible with the heritage • Widening of Whitworth Road has been experience – narrow road, trees, shrubs and mentioned – road is very close to the heritage split rail fence core Potential Ideas • Retain entry along Whitworth Road • Retain vegetation and fence to protect the quality of the heritage core • Discourage road widening – if it must proceed, encourage widening to the west

Heritage Core

Opportunities Constraints • Heritage home, log barn and nut-drying shed • Existing entry road bisects area have high potential for restoration and • Recent additions detract from the heritage interpretation experience • Buildings are close together, providing the • Area is very close to the road “core” experience opportunity • Other features in this area contribute to the heritage theme, e.g. ditch irrigation remnants, large tree specimens Potential Ideas • Restore this area • Add other heritage buildings from elsewhere on site if appropriate • Relocate road and driveway elsewhere

North Edge

Opportunities Constraints • Rural character now • Proposed high-density development could • Hedge along west property is a good visual affect the park experience screen • Split rail fence provides no visual screening • Split rail fence in centre of property is rural in • Chain link fence at motel is not compatible character with the intended park experience Potential Ideas • Provide additional screening with vegetation, e.g. hedge and shrubs • Replace fence with wood instead of chain link • Potential road access from the north has been discussed – this would eliminate the effects of the entry road on the heritage core, but it would also provide an incompatible park entry experience

Entry Road

Opportunities Constraints • Road is rural in character – narrow, gravel • Road intrudes into the heritage core and orchard • Road is not in its historic location Potential Ideas • Relocate the entry gate and the road closer to the north property line

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 59

Narrow Clearing

Opportunities Constraints • Sunny open location available for another use • Area is close to adjacent property • Space sufficient for double-loaded parking Potential Ideas • Seedling demonstration nursery • Parking area for heritage core

Orchard

Opportunities Constraints • The highlight of the heritage component of • Orchard needs work to remain healthy the site – offers a magical experience • Excessive trampling could damage the trees combined with interpretive value and • Lack of separation from other portions of site interactive opportunity (nut picking) could cause impacts on the trees and the visitor experience Potential Ideas • Provide clear pathways through the orchard with signs explaining the importance of remaining on the paths • Enclose the orchard with a split rail fence – to enable charging for admission, and to discourage inappropriate use • Thin trees as required to retain their health

Lawn

Opportunities Constraints • Large open area available for a variety of • uses • Close to the waterfront Potential Ideas • Provide parking for the waterfront use area • Provide picnicking and open play opportunities

Cottonwood Grove

Opportunities Constraints • Rare habitat type • Grove has decreased in size, even recently • Adds character and privacy to the beach in • Significant impacts – compost pile, gravel this area material, exotic species, trampling • Some trees could be hazardous Potential Ideas • Remove and manage impacts to the degree possible – e.g., remove compost pile, provide designated clear paths (with signs about the importance of using them), remove exotic species, encourage cottonwood regeneration, provide primary beach use away from this area • Expand size of cottonwood grove • Cable trees as required to reduce hazard

Hazelnut Grove

Opportunities Constraints • Extends the “orchard” experience into the • waterfront zone • Provides opportunity for shaded use area • Trees are not rare or important providing an opportunity for major thinning Potential Ideas • Thin trees to provide a shaded picnic area

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Residence

Opportunities Constraints • Provides a residence for a caretaker • Mobile home does not fit with the intended • Disturbed level area close to the beach park character provides an opportunity for another use in the • House location detracts from views and future potential uses of the waterfront area Potential Ideas • Retain as a caretaker residence in the short term • Convert to play area

Lakeside Use Area

Opportunities Constraints • Area supported historic lakeside uses, e.g. • Area currently does not have a clear summer cabins, gardens character – it is a collection of disparate • Two heritage structures – 1920’s shed and features 1945 cottage Potential Ideas • Develop as waterfront use area with picnicking facilities, grass for informal play • Retain shed as a historic element to connect this area with the heritage experience • Relocate cottage elsewhere and use as an interpretive centre

South Edge

Opportunities Constraints • Site borders an established residential area • Increased use of the site could affect residents • Fences along edge are not all consistent with the heritage character Potential Ideas • Provide additional screening with vegetation as required, e.g. hedge and shrubs • Keep active uses away from immediate edge area

George Court Terminus

Opportunities Constraints • Potential access point for road and sewer • Public use of road would have negative impacts on residents Potential Ideas • Provide new caretaker residence close to George Court • Provide emergency access (if required)

Beach

Opportunities Constraints • Gravelly beach in very attractive location • Beach space is limited • Easy access into water • Significant amount of boat use on • Cottonwood grove on one side provide two surrounding properties – likely to increase distinct character types along beach further Potential Ideas • Develop beachfront for swimming and beach activities, with primary use area to the south

Draft Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park Concept Plan Page 61 Appendix 4. Concept Plan Summary

- Submitted by Catherine Berris Associates Ltd. April, 2003. Note that some changes have occurred as a result of public, stakeholder and Steering Committee input.

Based on the site analysis, a preliminary concept plan for the park has been prepared (see Figure 4). This summary describes the overall plan, along with the rationale. More refinement and details will be developed in the next phase of the process. The purpose of the concept plan is to establish the overall layout of the proposed uses on the site.

Whitworth Road Edge

Plan Rationale • Retain as is • Appropriate landscape character

Heritage Core

Plan Rationale • Restore buildings and surroundings • High potential for heritage interpretation • Relocate road and driveway elsewhere • Remove recent incompatible additions

North Edge

Plan Rationale • Provide additional screening with vegetation, • Need better visual screen, especially with future e.g. hedge and shrubs form of development unknown • Replace fence with wood entire length • More compatible edge

Entry Road

Plan Rationale • Relocate the entry gate and the road closer to • Reduce road intrusion and relocate to a more the north property line; road gravel one lane historic alignment; control speed with narrow road with pull-outs • Drop-off since parking location requires some • Provide drop-off near heritage core for those walking with mobility challenges

Narrow Clearing

Plan Rationale • Locate parking for heritage core in eastern • Separate parking lot for the heritage core due to portion of clearing the uniqueness of that experience; proposed location is near the heart of the orchard and not too far from the heritage core

Orchard

Plan Rationale • Provide clear loop pathways through the • Visitors prefer loops; simple path system; path orchard connecting the interpretive centre and through orchard to provide an experience before waterfront with the heritage core reaching the heritage core • Enclose the orchard with a split rail fence; 3 • Fence compatible with theme; to delineate and gates required protect heritage component • Thin trees as required to retain their health • Locate seedling demonstration nursery in appropriate area in orchard

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Lawn

Plan Rationale • Gravel parking lot for the waterfront use area • Parking lot alignment to minimize impact on – east-west alignment, double-loaded views and use areas; limited parking with overflow • Picnicking and open play area with path to capacity to limit intrusion on park – few days have south portion of beach the highest use • Waterfront path behind cottonwood grove • Path goes from parking lot to south beach and could connect to the north waterfront path is behind grove - to minimize • Washroom for beach use adjacent to the impact on cottonwood area hazelnut grove • Washroom location – set back from beach, central to waterfront use area, close to parking, against trees to limit visual impact

Cottonwood Grove

Plan Rationale • Remove foreign materials and plants, • Protect the trees encourage cottonwood regeneration through • Expand the habitat because of its rarity, the growing medium and plant management wildlife values, and because it is an • Expand size of cottonwood grove environmentally responsible and educational • Cable trees as required to reduce hazard feature • Provide one path through grove

Hazelnut Grove

Plan Rationale • Thin trees and add picnic facilities • Provides an opportunity to experience the nut trees near the waterfront • Provides shaded picnicking

Residence

Plan Rationale • Convert to play area once the caretaker • Play area location - central to but set back from residence is relocated the beach; close to parking lot and washrooms; easily seen from the beach or either picnic area

Lakeside Use Area

Plan Rationale • Provide picnicking facilities, grass for informal • Appropriate location for highest waterfront- play, more shade trees related use – already disturbed, easy access to • Restore shed as shade hut, snack bar, or beach simply to be seen • Shed links waterfront with heritage component • Locate caretaker residence at west edge of • Caretaker residence – easy servicing from this area George Court; close to waterfront and parking lot where problems are most likely; tucked away from highest use areas

South Edge

Plan Rationale • Provide additional screening with vegetation, • Need better visual screen and more compatible e.g. hedge and shrubs edge in some locations; achieve as much privacy • Provide appropriate wood fence entire length for residents as possible

George Court Terminus

Plan Rationale • Provide service (emergency) access to • Service access minimal intrusion on residents; caretaker residence prevents need for road to cross entire park

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Lawn

Plan Rationale

Beach

Plan Rationale • Retain as is • Undeveloped beach is most appropriate for the park as envisioned; ample opportunities for boating exist on other sites

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