DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 JAUNPUR DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, includirig Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by dis.tricts at each census. In 1941 they were publish.ed in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require .. ments of the country, the district.-wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with breabup for census ._,tracts within the district), the District Index of Non .. agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 190V02 to 1950"51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of districtlwise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is twenty .. nine. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks wili be printed before the end of 1955. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, LA.S., R.AMPUR: Superintendent) Census Operations~ July IS) 1955· Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS Page, INTRODUCTION- A-The District i-iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-x C-Explanatory Note on the Statistics x-xiii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population (luring Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Eopulation 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6 A-V Towns al'Tanged Territorially with Population by Livelihood G'1asses 7 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 8-9 B-ECOlS'OMIO TABLES- B-1 IJivelihood Classes and Sub-classes 10-13 B-II Secondary ~1:eans oj' Livelihood 14-25 B.IlI Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 26-56 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 57-58 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 59-63 C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- 0-1 Household (size and composition) 64-65 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 66-71 C-IlI Age and Civil Condition 72-75 C-IV Age and Literacy 76--79 c-v Single Year Age Returns 80-87 D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-l Languages (i) Mother Tongue 88-89 (ii) Bilingualism 90-91 D·lI Religion 92-93 D-lII Scheduled Castes 92-93 D-rV Migrants 94-97 D-V (i) Displaced persolls by year of arrival in India 98-99 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 98-99 D-VI Non·Indian Nationals 98-99 D-VII Livel'ihood Olasses by Educational Standards 100-106 PART II-VILLAGE,_TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Primary Census Abstract 108-199 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 200-201 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS 1 Vital Statistics 204-207 2 Agricultural Statistics_ (i) Rainfall 208-209 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under CUltivation 210-213 (iii) Cropped Area 214-229 tiv) Irrigated Area 230-233 3 Live-Stock, ,\gricuaural M.aehinery IlUd Implements 234-237 4 List of Primary Scbools 238-241 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Jaunpur is bounded on the west by the districts of Pratapgarh and ,Allahabad; on the south by Banaras ; on the east by Ghazipur and Azamgarh; and on the north by Sultanpur. It has a total area of 1,555 square miles and its population in 1951 was 15·171akhs. It has 5 tehsils, 20 parganas and 15 thanas. 2. In its general aspect the district may be described as a level plain, with slight Topograpb) undulations caused by the valleys of the rivers, These all flow roughly from north- west to south-east, and the slope of the country follows the same direction. Apart from such variations, the only irregularities of surface consist in the numerous mounds, often of considerable height and covered with trees, which mark the sites of ancient and deserted villages, or of the demolished forts. With few exceptions, the country is closely cultivated and richly wooded with groves of mango and other trees, although the wood-land area is comparatively small in the lowlying clay tracts both in the north and south. The villages and ihhabited sites are extremely numerous, but, unlike those in the eastern parts of Ghazipur and BaHia, they are very small and almost every mauza, contains a number of scattered hamlets. This results in a high standard of cultivation, in which also the extreme density of the population is a factor of great importance. The Gomti, the Sai and the Bisuhi divide the district into four almost parallel strips of the country, each with fairly distinct physical characteristics. From the deep river bed the bank rises sharply, and from its summit a gentle slope extends inland to a varying distance till it reaches the crest of the watershed. Beyond the latter the surface again sinks gradually towards a depression of no great depth, and beyond this a similar rise is again experienced to the main watershed of the next river. The difference between the various tracts lies principally in the depth" and nature of the central depression. The first and the largest tract, the north eastern tract, lies to the north of Gomti extending from Sultanpur border oa. the north to that of Ghazipur to the south-east. This tract may be sub-divided into two portions of which the northern and larger comprises the area lying within the Shahganj and J aunpur tehsils. It has large tracts of usar land. The southern portion, comprising the greater part of the Kirakat tehsil, is of a different character, since the Gangi Nadi provides a northern watershed which in the former tract was absent. This tract is adequately drained. The second tract is that lying between the Gomti and the Sai and this comprises the most fertile and populous part of the district. Most of it stands high, the central area being drained by the Pili and its affiuents. The slope of the country from west to east is fairly rapid. There is no waterloggei area an i very little usar is to be seen. The tract between Sai and Bisuhi presents a great change in the appearance of the country. From the high banks of the former river the surface drops rapidly to a wide plain in which the soil is mainly clay. There is considerable amount of usar which is a sure indication of saturation and rice is the main staple of the country. The last tract the south-western tract is the long and narrow strip between the Bisuhi and the Baru~ from their sources to th~ir confluence. Here the level is again high, but along the upper reaches of these streams a clay soil preponderates and usar is fairly prevalent in the south of Machhlishahr tehsi1. The level is highest in the extreme west but here much of the country is wateriogged resembling th:l.t in pargana Mariahu to the north of Bisuhi. 3. The soils of the district consist mainly of loam and clay, the former prevailing Soils· on the higher levels, especially in the Jaunpur and Kirakat tehsils as well as the portion of Shahganj lying to the south of the Gomti; while clay is ~onfined to the depressions and lowlying tracts, notably in some parts of tehsils ShahganJ and Jaunpur, the Machhlishahr tehsil and the greater part of Kirakat. Sand by itself is. not commo~ and is found only near the channels of the two principal rivers, the GomtI and the .Sal, though on the high bank the soil is invariably light and can at the best be descnbed merely as a sandy loam. On the whole, about one fourth of the Cultivated area i~ trll:e clay, a soil that with sufficient moisture produces excellent crops but otherwIse IS almost worthless. As in almost every part of Uttar Pradesh it is generally known as matiyar. There are two recognised varieties. One is called bijar at· chachar. ~t is of a greyish colour and is a stiff lowlying clay with an admixture of gravel. It IS used for early rice. Another is karail, a black soil with a large amount of .organic mat~er, found in the beds of jhils and dried-up tanks used for coarser vapet;y of late r~ae. Sandy soils are usually termed balua and are reserved for the cultIvatIOn of baJra, arhar and moth and other inferior crops. Dumat comprises about half the area and is excellent soil when irrigated. The lighter loams are called sigon, which ~s about two-thirds sand; such soils together with balua and the poorer clays constitute the remaining quarter of the district. ii Classification of area 4. The figures of the classification of area during the last fifty years are given in Table 2 of Part III of this volume, The proportion of area under the various categories works out as follows for 1950-51 : Actual figures Particulars (in acres) Percentage Cultivated area . , 716,673 72'3 CUlturable waste (excluding current fal~lV) ../ 117,242 11'8 Current fallow 33,689 3'4 FOrest.