ISSUE No. 51 January 2009
Vavilovia formosa , an intriguing Pisum relative
Resistance to rust in pea
GL -TTP and AEP: Together we stand, divided we fall!
Faba beans in Mexico
Legumes:Legumes: thethe brightbright sideside ofof thethe worldworld Echoes of the Second GL -TTP Workshop in Novi Sad On behalf of the International Steering Committee, the European Association for the Grain Legume Research (AEP) cordially invites you to participate in the
7th European Conference on Grain Legumes & 5th International Food Legume Research Conference (AEP VII & IFLRC V)
LEGUMES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH
Legume crops and products for food, feed and environmental benefits
that will be held in the Kervansaray Hotel Lara (Convention Centre), Antalya, Turkey from 26th to 30th April 2010
The world’s two major grain legume 5) Management of Genetic Resources; conferences will hold a joint meeting, bringing 6) Grain Legumes and Environment; together the latest scientific information on 7) New Uses of Grain Legumes in Feeds; all aspects of grain legumes in the context of 8) New Uses of Grain Legumes for Foods; their global impact on food, feed and 9) the Position of Legumes in Agro-Energy environmental benefits. and Non-Food Use; The conference will be multidisciplinary 10) Innovations in Genetics; and will include invited keynote presentations 11) Innovations in Pathology; by leading international scientists on current 12) Communicating the Benefits of topics of interest to the global research Legumes; community, including: 13) Adapting Grain Legumes to Climatic 1) The Future of Grain Legumes; Changes; 2) Seed Biology; 14) Innovations in Agronomy. 3) Human Health and Grain Legumes; The participation of students and early- 4) Biofortification of Grain Legumes; career researchers is strongly encouraged.
Please visit the conference web site at http://www.iflrc-ecgl.org
AEP conference representatives:
Diego Rubiales, AEP President (CSIC-IAS, Spain) Noel Ellis (JIC, UK) Álvaro Ramos-Monreal, AEP Past President (INIA, Spain) Christophe Salon (INRA-Dijon, Dijon, France) Gérard Duc (INRA-Dijon, France) Carlota Vaz Patto (ITQB, Portugal) Judith Burstin (INRA-Dijon, France) Aleksandar Mikić (IFVCNS, Serbia)
rain Legumes is a quarterly ggg magazine aiming to promote better communication within the scientific community and between Carte blanche researchers, extension workers and end- 4 users. Traditionally it covered only grain legumes, but its scope will be News extended to forage legumes also, fulfilling a demand of the community. 5 As a consequence of recent 6 sssfinancial troubles, edition of GLM was 7 frozen during 2008. As readers might 7 Events be aware, AEP has no longer a permanent office at Paris and has not Research technical secretary at all. AEP and GLM have no longer the support of their 8 Vavilovia formosa Pisum ( traditional sponsors. All current 9 y y activities are based on heroic efforts of PhD Thesis AEP volunteers. We should here publicly acknowledge their valuable 10 Orobanche crenata y contribution. Four issues of GLM will be produced during 2009 thanks to the 11 Uromyces pisi efforts of different voluntary teams. 12 y Pisum sativum Here we present GLM51 especially y devoted to the outcomes of 2nd GL-TTP Workshop hold at Novi Sad, Serbia. 12 Legume periodicals This issue was possible thanks to the constancy of our colleague Aleksandar Special report Mikić who coordinated an editorial Legumes: the bright side of the world (Echoes of the Second GL-TTP Workshop) team composed by Noel Ellis, Tom 13 Warkentin and Kevin PcPhee. This will 14 soon be followed by GLM52 devoted 16 y to , coordinated by Judith Burstin; then by GLM53 devoted to 18 coordinated by Richard 20 Thompson and Nicolas Rispail; and 22 y finally by GLM54 devoted to y 24 coordinated by Carlota Vaz Patto and 26 Together we stand, divided we fall! Diego Rubiales. Ideas for 2010 issues are most welcome. Crops, uses and markets These issues will be printed thanks 28 to various sponsorships that will be acknowledged in its issue. Any possible 30 sponsorships will be most valuable and widely acknowledged. Printed issues will be freely distributed to AEP members Around the world only. One year after their production, pdf versions will be publicly available in 31 y AEP website. 32 Vicia faba Diego RUBIALES Art Managing Editor 34
Carte blanche tototo…to ……… This is the time for grain and forage legumes to come back!
egumes have always been acknowledged for their beneficial role Diego Rubiales lll in the rotation improving soil fertility. However, legumes did not enter into modern agriculture at the right speed and cultivation of most legumes has declined continuously in most countries, particularly in Europe. In spite of the subsidies to the farmers and of the good research generated, legume cultivation keeps declining in Europe. This is not the case with legume consumption, both for food and feed, so Europe imports legumes although exports legume related science. Obviously a reformulation of the strategies is needed here. Now, with the increasing concerns on food security, energy prices and greenhouse gas production, the need for legumes in agriculture is more evident than ever. The current economic crisis has revealed the vulnerability of systems and the need for innovation. Renewing systems implies defining new solutions and changing innovation processes by creating new bonds between research and society. This is a time of opportunity for legumes and we ought to go for it. Substantial efforts have been and are being made in legume research, so we can now proudly state that legumes have entered the post-genomics era. However we still face the challenge of translating this outstanding science into practice. Associations like AEP and GL-TTP have critical roles to play in this endeavour of stimulating legume research and enhancing its application. AEP and GL-TTP are now more needed than ever. Particularly under this period of crisis, support to such associations is a most refundable investment. ■
A renaissance of legumes
y
T
IV International Conference on Legume Genomics and Genetics (Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 7-12 December 2008)
Fabaceae Abiotic stress lll Medicago truncatula Development Whole genome: structure and comparison Medicago truncatula Lotus japonicus Nature Translational genomics Papilionoideae Defining gene function Medicago truncatula Whole genome expression analysis
Pathogenesis and disease resistance Evolution and diversity Symbiosis Genome enabled agriculture Recognition and signalling Pongamia pinnata
12th International Lupin Conference (Fremantle, Australia, 14-18 September 2008)
T Lupinus angustifolius,
Both health and wealth
2011 Poland: the next Lupin Odyssey
April 26-30, 2010 August 29 – September 2, 2010 August 29 – September 4, 2010 5th International Food Legume Research Conference & 23rd General Meeting of the European Grassland XIth European Society for Agronomy Congress 7th European Conference on Grain Legumes Federation Montpellier, France Antalya, Turkey Kiel, Germany http://www.agropolis.fr/agro2010 http://www.iflrc-ecgl.org http://www.grassland-organicfarming.uni- kiel.de/egf2010 September 6-10, 2010 May 26-28, 2010 9th European Nitrogen Fixation Conference XII International Symposium on Forage Crops Geneva, Switzerland Kruševac, Serbia http://www.enfc2010.ch http://www.symposium.ikbks.com
Vavilovia formosa , an intriguing Pisum relative
y y
Fabeae Hybridization with pea T Vavilovia Pisum Pisum Lathyrus Vavilovia Lens Pisum The geographical distribution of vavilovia in Vicia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Lebanon and Vavilovia, Turkey Vavilovia Molecular taxonomy: a genus Beautiful from the beginning Pisum Lathyrus of its own Vavilovia formosa Vicia Lens Vavilovia Pisum n Lathyrus Fabeae Orobus Uromyces pisi Ascochyta pisi formosus V. formosa P. sativum Fabeae Lathyrus Pisum Pisum formosum P. sativum V. formosa Vavilovia Lathyrus Pisum 135 Vavilovia Vavilovia Pisum 1 Lathyrus Leguminosae Papilionoideae
A vavilovia population from Dagestan, Russia (photos by A. Ivanov)
Development of Kunitz-free soybean genotypes
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Achievements in Serbia sss Four inhibitor forms Ti The way trypsin inhibitors Tia, Tib Tic work ti
42 et al. 83
From a flower to a cultivar: removal of stamens in female flowers (above) and corolla in male flowers (right) and the comparative field trials in Zemun Polje (left)
Control of broomrape ( Orobanche crenata ) in legumes by genetic resistance and alternative control methods y
Orobanche crenata T Orobanche Orobanche O. ramosa O. crenata Lens Orobanche O. crenata Orobanche Trigonella foenum-graecum O. crenata O. Medicago truncatula crenata Orobanche O. crenata
et al. 68 et al. 26 et al. 153 et al. 27 et al. 28 et al. 56 et al. 48 et al. 48 et al. 103 et al. 128
Resistance to rust ( Uromyces pisi ) in pea y Uromyces pisi y
T Uromyces pisi Pisum Pisum Uromyces U. pisi U. viciae-fabae U. striatus U. pisi Uromyces U. pisi Uromyces U. pisi P. fulvum U. pisi P. fulvum U. pisi
et al. 28 et al. 114 et al. et al. et al.
Study of genetic erosion during conservation of pea (Pisum sativum L..) genetic resources based on microsatellite markers analysis y
x situ eee Pisum sativum ex situ
Bean Improvement Cooperative Legume Research Annual Report http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:lr&type= http://www.css.msu.edu/bic/Reports.cfm home
Journal of Lentil Research Pisum Genetics [email protected] http://hermes.bionet.nsc.ru/pg/
Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter Soybean Genetics Newsletter http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/news/lathyrus http://www.soygenetics.org
Legumes:Legumes: thethe brightbright sideside ofof thethe worldworld
______Echoes of the Second GL -TTP Workshop
espite the rough times grain legume In total, 59 contributions were presented as research and production have had, either talks or posters, comprised within six ddd especially in Europe, the Grain main topics, namely Legumes Technology Transfer Platform (GL-TTP) 1) Achievements and Challenges in Legume successfully overcame numerous difficulties and Breeding , kept on working on the fulfillment of its primary 2) Legume Breeding and Biodiversity , goal: to enhance the exploitation of the 3) Status and Requirements of Legume revolutionary results provided by the FP6 Grain Breeding , Legumes Integrated Project (GLIP) in breeding 4) Fundamentals of Legume Breeding , and other applied research. 5) Aims and Methods of Legume Breeding and As a satellite meeting of the International 6) Legume Breeding, Symbiosis and Stress . Conference on Breeding Field and Vegetable This Special Report brings forth the seminal Crops, BREEDING08, the Second GL-TTP contributions of the event, witnessing that GL- Workshop was held on 27 and 28 November TTP shares the same strategic aim with AEP: to 2008 at the Master Congress Centre in Novi integrate diverse legume research communities, Sad, Serbia. Under the title of Integrating Legume such as those of soybean, other grain legumes, Science and Crop Breeding , it gathered together forage legumes and tree legumes, that often more than 50 scientists dealing with genetics, were unaware of each other’s results, into an genomics and breeding of all economically efficient and sustainable network to the mutual important legume species from 24 countries. and lasting benefit of each of its members.
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Legume genetics and breeding: the example of pea
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III Pisum Pisum What do we know about pea genomics?
Pea and Medicago truncatula comparative maps
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
Multiplexed genetic markers can be added directly to the pea genetic map by using cDNA from a segregating population as a template
Medicago truncatula Medicago truncatula Novel genetic variation Pisum What does the pea crop need? Aphanomyces How is genetic variation partitioned in Pisum ? Pisum Pisum Pisum et al. 9 et al. 260 et al. 272 et al. 8 et al. 117 et al. 20
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Perspective of soybean in Europe
y
Special-use soybean varieties EEE Perspectives of soybean breeding
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Some burning questions for lucerne breeders
y
How to exploit heterosis? lll Which is the most efficient selection scheme for synthetic varieties? Can we breed very drought- tolerant varieties?
Figure 1. Scheme for constructing free-hybrids with four constituents
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIENC ND CROP E BREEDING M. truncatula M. truncatula M. truncatula via Which opportunities for marker- Medicago assisted selection? et al How to improve forage et al. quality? et al et al. et al. How to exploit genetic tools from M. truncatula ? et al
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Black locust improvement in Serbia
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Robinia pseudoacacia BBB How to develop a genotype
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
Micropropagation of interesting black locust genotypes
umbraqulifera pyramidalis inermis By both seed and root monophylla A recipe for high yields seed Rhizobium A bee forage and a beauty Black locust as a power plant
4-5 72
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Pea genetic diversity studies for better breeding
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T Pisum Forming the core collections Pisum The largest resources of pea Pisum sativum et al. SSR analysis of AD141 locus performed on 8%
PAGE-TBE gel, EtBr stained/UV visualized; Twenty individual seeds of sample from 1963 year (A) and 2004 (B); 100 bp marker
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
Model-based analysis of genetic structure
A virtual world pea collection A database for the future Marker methods improvement Pisum et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. in press ´ et al. et al. et al.
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO Disease resistance in faba bean
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Vicia faba Ascochyta blight fff Ascochyta fabae Downy mildew Peronospora viciae A. fabae Chocolate spot Botrytis fabae Faba bean rust Uromyces viciae-fabae Susceptible versus hypersensitive reaction to rust
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
Susceptible versus incomplete resistance to crenate broomrape
Viruses Broomrape ( Orobanche spp.) Orobanche crenata O. foetida U. viciae-fabae O. aegyptiaca Phelipanche aegyptiaca Foot and root rot Fusarium Rhizoctonia solani Pythium Phoma Aphanomyces euteiches et al. et al. Stem nematode et al. Ditylenchus dipsaci et al. et al. et al. et al.
SCIENCE G LEGUME TEGRATIN G IN P BREEDIN AND CRO GL-TTP and AEP: Together we stand, divided we fall!
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T Medicago truncatula Fabaceae
INTEGRA TING LEGU A ME SCIEN ND CROP CE BREEDING
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Market situation of faba beans and field peas in the EU from a breeder’s perspective
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w Aphanomyces euteiches
Breeding forage legumes for enhanced seed production
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III To improve seed characteristics and crop physiology To improve standing ability
Faba bean in Egypt
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Vicia faba fff O. crenata Botrytis fabae Fol medames Tamia Uromyces viciae-fabae Falafel Fig.1: (A) Fol medames before preparing, (B) Fol medames ready for eating, (C) Tamia , (D) Fol medames and Tamia as sandwich Field Crops Research Institute Released in Cultivar Earliness Foliar Diseases reaction Orobanche reaction Orobanche crenata 1997 Giza 3 Moderate Moderately resistant Susceptible 1998 Giza 843 Late Moderately resistant Resistant 1998 Giza 716 Early Resistant Susceptible
2001 Sakha 1 Early Resistant Susceptible 2001 Masr 1 Late Susceptible Resistant 2001 Nubaria1 Late Resistant Highly Susceptible 2003 Sakha 2 Late Resistant Highly Susceptible 2005 Sakha 3 Late Resistant Susceptible 2006 Wadi 1 Early Resistant Susceptible
Faba beans ( Vicia faba L.) in Mexico
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Sowing and frost resistance III Seed coat colours of faba bean in México
Reproductive state of Vicia faba
Abundant germplasm diversity Pest and disease damage can be severe Aphis fabae Botrytis fabae Uromyces fabae Genetics and breeding et al et al. 53 in situ
Legumes in the work of J. R. R. Tolkien
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jjj aeglos lExjH8F Ulex Phaseolus The Lord of the icicle coccineus Vicia faba Rings The Fellowship of the Ring Fabeae Vicia liantë jG`D4FF
Hobbits admired legumes too How Elves addressed legumes Pisum sativum et al. orivaine 44 II `H7GyD`G5FF 12 orë vaine kamilot aEtGjH1 Trifolium pratense kanwa -lot helilokte 9FjGjHa1F Wisteria lindelokte jG2FjHa1F Laburnum loctë purple cluster singing cluster Lotus Melilotus
J. R. R. Tolkien: New Lodge, Stonyhurst (1947)
The magazine of the European Association for Grain Legume Research
AEP Grain Legumes
Publishing Director and Managing Editor
Editorial Secretary
Editorial Board
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Vavilovia formosa SponsorshipSponsorship listlist
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