DOCSLIB.ORG

Groundwater Irrigation of Bardiya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Groundwater Irrigation of Bardiya Bulletin of Nepal Hydrogeological Association, Vol. 5, September 2020 Maharjan S, Shakya N, 2020 Groundwater irrigation of Bardiya District, Nepal: Status, trends and challenges 1* 2 Surendra Maharjan and Nir Shakya 1 Groundwater Resource and Irrigation Development Division, Banke, Nepal 2 Trichandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu Nepal *Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Received: 14 April 2020/Accepted: 22 August 2020 ABSTRACT The study attempts to collect scare and scatter data of groundwater irrigation carried by government agencies in Bardiya district. The district lies in the western part of Nepal, Province 5, which is also known as the 'food basket' of the country. In the past few years, there are lots of groundwater irrigation developments in the district. The data of groundwater irrigation shows that there is a rapid growth of groundwater irrigation after 2007. The present article tries to show groundwater status, trends and challenges of groundwater irrigation in the last few decades of the district and also update the groundwater irrigation potential map of the district. Keywords: Groundwater irrigation; development; potential map INTRODUCTION Nepal is primarily an agrarian country, agriculture Groundwater irrigation is carried out by millions development is at its earlier stage in terms of of independent farmers, often with no planning or mechanization, application of various agricultural control on the part of governmental authorities and inputs and availability of irrigation (Chapagain 2018). explains as an excellent catalyst for social and economic A spectacular increase in groundwater use for irrigation transition. According to the Nepal National Sample has taken place in arid and semiarid countries over the Census of Agriculture 2011–2012 (Central Bureau of last few decades. India claims 60% of India’s irrigated Statistics 2012), large part of Nepal’s cultivated land areas are served by groundwater wells; independent area (40%) is reportedly reached by canal irrigation surveys suggest the figure may well be 75%; and schemes, but considerably less is used but an estimated even more, if conjunctive use areas are included. 42% of Nepal Terai’s farmers do have access to Much the same is true of Pakistan, Nepal Terai and groundwater irrigation. Managing scare and scatter Bangladesh. Governments and donors have invested data and keeping records of up-to-date groundwater heavily in building major dams and canal irrigation irrigation status of every district of Nepal Terai play a projects in these regions; but, as of now, by far the bulk vital role in the sustainable development of agriculture of the irrigation and livelihood benefits are delivered and further research in the water resources sector of by groundwater wells (Shah 2005). Groundwater Nepal. So, the article attempts to highlight the status, development is still in the initial stages in Nepal and trends and challenges of groundwater irrigation of last enough groundwater resources to irrigate nearly one- few decades of the district carried out by government half of the agricultural land in Nepal Terai (Kanskar agencies including Department of Water Resources and 2011). According to him, groundwater irrigation can Irrigation, Government of Nepal (GoN), Groundwater play a central role in poverty alleviation and contribute Resource Development Board, GoN and Groundwater to improving food security in the country. Groundwater Irrigation and Development Division Office, Banke, irrigation is also described as a silent revolution and a Province 5 Government. potential source of social conflict (Llamas & Martínez- Santos 2005). 89 Bulletin of Nepal Hydrogeological Association, Vol. 5, September 2020 Maharjan S, Shakya N, 2020 THE STUDY AREA forest. It has 47,233.50 ha agriculture land which is 1.79% to the total agriculture land of the country and The Bardiya District is located in Province 5 in western it is 22.87% of the total land of the district (District Nepal covering 2,06,500 hectares (ha) area (Fig. 1). The Profile 2017). The altitude of this district varies from district consists of eight municipalities out of which 138 m to 1279 m. Elevation decreases from north to 6 are urban municipalities: Gulariya Municipality, south. Tharus are the main indigenous ethnic group of Madhuban Municipality, Thakurbaba Municipality, the district. But in later days, ethnic diversity has been Bansgadhi Municipality, Barbardiya Municipality increased due to in-migration from the outer districts. and Rajapur Municipality and 2 rural municipalities: Karnali River borders west and north, Maankhola River Badhayatal Rural Municipality and Geruwa Rural bordering east, Babai River flows almost in the middle Municipality. The average length of the district is 64 of the district. Most of the surface irrigation projects km and breadth is 35 km. Most of the district (68.76%) are supported by these perennial Karnali, Babai and is low land Terai and the remaining part (31.24%) is Maan Khola rivers. Siwalik Hill and its foothills are almost covered by Fig. 1: Location map. 90 Bulletin of Nepal Hydrogeological Association, Vol. 5, September 2020 Maharjan S, Shakya N, 2020 DEVELOPMENT STATUS, TRENDS 39.60 m. Based on these all investigation GRDP/ GDC, AND PAST EXPERIENCES 1994 published hydrogeological map of the region showing groundwater irrigation potential in the district Bardiya district commonly known as the 'food basket' is 39,582 ha and also categorized STW potential area of the western part of the country is endowed with and DTW potential area. In the case of production enormous storage of groundwater in the form of wells used for irrigation purposes, Irrigation Lind both unconfined and confined states. Department of of Credit Project (ILC) Project and Nepal Irrigation Water Resources and Irrigation and Groundwater Sector Project (NISP), in 1993 were implemented; Resources Development Board (GWRDB), Field the cluster identification programme constructed Office Nepalgunj, Banke, Government of Nepal (GoN) one DTW at Gulariya Municipality which was later are central levels government are for investigation and developed for irrigation purpose for 60 ha land. From research purpose whereas Groundwater Resources 1994 to 2000, 14 DTW irrigation projects namely and Irrigation Development Division Office, Banke the Shantipur-Jamini DTW cluster were constructed is province-level government organization for irrigating 560 ha land. From 2016 to 2018, Irrigation identification of groundwater irrigation potential and Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP) area with development and implementation of deep project constructed 10 DTW irrigating 400 ha in the tubewell (DTW) and STW irrigation schemes. Sanoshree-Taratal area. Besides these, from 2009 to 2019, 16 DTW of 570 ha irrigated land has been In the present context, surface irrigation is constructed under different projects. The total irrigated generally cheaper (it is because farmers have to pay land by 42 numbers of DTW within the last 25 years Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) only) than groundwater is 1,470 ha land. From 1993 to 2019, 6801 numbers but many farmers prefer groundwater in the region of STWs were constructed irrigating 14,619 ha land. because it is easily accessed which is beneath their The total land in the Bardiya district irrigated by small farmland and simple in construction technology groundwater both STW and DTW irrigation project is which makes groundwater obtained individually, 16,089 ha. The year-wise development of groundwater thus bypassing negotiations with other farmers and irrigation with corresponding irrigated land is shown government agencies, often an arduous task. Another in Table 1. more important motive is the resilience of aquifers to dry periods. Farmers also practice conjunctive use There are not any major challenges in groundwater within the surface command area, whenever surface pumping like a decline in groundwater table and no water not available they use groundwater. But the environmental issues due to groundwater overdraft important thing is for many irrigated cash crops, which and no deterioration in quality. It is, therefore, to get usually require large investments from farmers, depend alternative irrigation to surface water or year-round today on groundwater, either totally or on conjunctive irrigation in the district, remaining potential hector of use with surface water. Due to these reasons, there is land as mentioned (around 23,500 ha.) has to be covered high demand in tubewell irrigation in the region there is by shallow or deep tube wells as per the potentiality in a demand of 2660 ha by farmers for the next year 2021 a given map. Farmers of the existing area are much in Groundwater Resources and Irrigation Development more familiar in shallow tube well operation and Office, Banke. its management, in case of deep tube well irrigation system, farmers towards operation and management There are altogether 60 DTWs (Figure 2) in the (O and M) of water distribution is most necessary but district including 19 investigation DTWs of United they are not so well familiar. States Agency for International Development (USAID)/ GoN. Investigations of groundwater in the district The whole package of the DTW system includes were done from 1969 to 1972 under United States DTW drilling (depth varies), electrification with 50 kVA Geological Survey/ Nepal Government constructing 19 distribution transformer, pump house, unplasticized DTWs of an average depth of 160 m and a maximum Polyvinyl
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Code Under Name Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total 010290001
    P|D|LL|S G8 G10 Code Under Name Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total 010290001 Maiwakhola Gaunpalika Patidanda Ma Vi 15 22 37 25 17 42 010360002 Meringden Gaunpalika Singha Devi Adharbhut Vidyalaya 8 2 10 0 0 0 010370001 Mikwakhola Gaunpalika Sanwa Ma V 27 26 53 50 19 69 010160009 Phaktanglung Rural Municipality Saraswati Chyaribook Ma V 28 10 38 33 22 55 010060001 Phungling Nagarpalika Siddhakali Ma V 11 14 25 23 8 31 010320004 Phungling Nagarpalika Bhanu Jana Ma V 88 77 165 120 130 250 010320012 Phungling Nagarpalika Birendra Ma V 19 18 37 18 30 48 010020003 Sidingba Gaunpalika Angepa Adharbhut Vidyalaya 5 6 11 0 0 0 030410009 Deumai Nagarpalika Janta Adharbhut Vidyalaya 19 13 32 0 0 0 030100003 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Janaki Ma V 13 5 18 23 9 32 030230002 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Singhadevi Adharbhut Vidyalaya 7 7 14 0 0 0 030230004 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Jalpa Ma V 17 25 42 25 23 48 030330008 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Khambang Ma V 5 4 9 1 2 3 030030001 Ilam Municipality Amar Secondary School 26 14 40 62 48 110 030030005 Ilam Municipality Barbote Basic School 9 9 18 0 0 0 030030011 Ilam Municipality Shree Saptamai Gurukul Sanskrit Vidyashram Secondary School 0 17 17 1 12 13 030130001 Ilam Municipality Purna Smarak Secondary School 16 15 31 22 20 42 030150001 Ilam Municipality Adarsha Secondary School 50 60 110 57 41 98 030460003 Ilam Municipality Bal Kanya Ma V 30 20 50 23 17 40 030460006 Ilam Municipality Maheshwor Adharbhut Vidyalaya 12 15 27 0 0 0 030070014 Mai Nagarpalika Kankai Ma V 50 44 94 99 67 166 030190004 Maijogmai Gaunpalika
    [Show full text]
  • Website Disclosure Subsidy.Xlsx
    Subsidy Loan Details as on Ashad End 2078 S.N Branch Name Province District Address Ward No 1 Butwal SHIVA RADIO & SPARE PARTS Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-06,RUPANDEHI,TRAFFIC CHOWK 6 2 Sandhikharkaka MATA SUPADEURALI MOBILE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-06,RUPANDEHI 06 3 Butwal N G SQUARE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-11,KALIKANAGAR 11 4 Butwal ANIL KHANAL Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-5,MANIGARAM 5 5 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 6 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 7 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 8 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 9 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 10 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 11 Butwal RAMNAGAR AGRO FARM PVT.LTD Lumbini Nawalparasi SARAWAL-02, NAWALPARASI 2 12 Butwal RAMNAGAR AGRO FARM PVT.LTD Lumbini Nawalparasi SARAWAL-02, NAWALPARASI 2 13 Butwal BUDDHA BHUMI MACHHA PALAN Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHI-06,KAPILVASTU 06 14 Butwal TANDAN POULTRY BREEDING FRM PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-11,RUPANDEHI,KALIKANAGAR 11 15 Butwal COFFEE ROAST HOUSE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-09,RUPANDEHI 09 16 Butwal NUTRA AGRO INDUSTRY Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL 13 BELBAS, POUDEL PATH 13 17 Butwal SHUVA SAMBRIDDHI UNIT.AG.F PVT.LTD. Lumbini Rupandehi SAINAMAINA-1, KASHIPUR,RUPANDEHI 1 18 Butwal SHUVA SAMBRIDDHI UNIT.AG.F PVT.LTD. Lumbini Rupandehi SAINAMAINA-1, KASHIPUR,RUPANDEHI 1 19 Butwal SANGAM HATCHERY & BREEDING FARM Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-09, RUPANDEHI 9 20 Butwal SHREE LAXMI KRISHI TATHA PASUPANCHH Lumbini Palpa TANSEN-14,ARGALI 14 21 Butwal R.C.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal
    Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal Volumes: Volume I : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 1 Volume II : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 2 Volume III : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 3 Volume IV : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 4 Volume V : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 5 Volume VI : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 6 Volume VII : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 7 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Forest Research and Survey Kathmandu July 2017 © Department of Forest Research and Survey, 2017 Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part should mention the title and credit DFRS. Citation: DFRS, 2017. Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal. Department of Forest Research and Survey (DFRS). Kathmandu, Nepal Prepared by: Coordinator : Dr. Deepak Kumar Kharal, DG, DFRS Member : Dr. Prem Poudel, Under-secretary, DSCWM Member : Rabindra Maharjan, Under-secretary, DoF Member : Shiva Khanal, Under-secretary, DFRS Member : Raj Kumar Rimal, AFO, DoF Member Secretary : Amul Kumar Acharya, ARO, DFRS Published by: Department of Forest Research and Survey P. O. Box 3339, Babarmahal Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-4233510 Fax: 977-1-4220159 Email: [email protected] Web: www.dfrs.gov.np Cover map: Front cover: Map of Forest Cover of Nepal FOREWORD Forest of Nepal has been a long standing key natural resource supporting nation's economy in many ways. Forests resources have significant contribution to ecosystem balance and livelihood of large portion of population in Nepal. Sustainable management of forest resources is essential to support overall development goals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kamaiya System of Bonded Labour in Nepal
    Nepal Case Study on Bonded Labour Final1 1 THE KAMAIYA SYSTEM OF BONDED LABOUR IN NEPAL INTRODUCTION The origin of the kamaiya system of bonded labour can be traced back to a kind of forced labour system that existed during the rule of the Lichhabi dynasty between 100 and 880 AD (Karki 2001:65). The system was re-enforced later during the reign of King Jayasthiti Malla of Kathmandu (1380–1395 AD), the person who legitimated the caste system in Nepali society (BLLF 1989:17; Bista 1991:38-39), when labourers used to be forcibly engaged in work relating to trade with Tibet and other neighbouring countries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Gorkhali and Rana rulers introduced and institutionalised new forms of forced labour systems such as Jhara,1 Hulak2, Beth3 and Begar4 (Regmi, 1972 reprint 1999:102, cited in Karki, 2001). The later two forms, which centred on agricultural works, soon evolved into such labour relationships where the workers became tied to the landlords being mortgaged in the same manner as land and other property. These workers overtimes became permanently bonded to the masters. The kamaiya system was first noticed by anthropologists in the 1960s (Robertson and Mishra, 1997), but it came to wider public attention only after the change of polity in 1990 due in major part to the work of a few non-government organisations. The 1990s can be credited as the decade of the freedom movement of kamaiyas. Full-scale involvement of NGOs, national as well as local, with some level of support by some political parties, in launching education classes for kamaiyas and organising them into their groups culminated in a kind of national movement in 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
    SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Nepal
    Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Nepal Forests for Prosperity Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) March 8, 2020 Executive Summary 1. This Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared for the Forests for Prosperity (FFP) Project. The Project is implemented by the Ministry of Forest and Environment and funded by the World Bank as part of the Nepal’s Forest Investment Plan under the Forest Investment Program. The purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Framework is to provide guidance and procedures for screening and identification of expected environmental and social risks and impacts, developing management and monitoring plans to address the risks and to formulate institutional arrangements for managing these environmental and social risks under the project. 2. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve sustainable forest management1; increase benefits from forests and contribute to net Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) reductions in selected municipalities in provinces 2 and 5 in Nepal. The short-to medium-term outcomes are expected to increase overall forest productivity and the forest sector’s contribution to Nepal’s economic growth and sustainable development including improved incomes and job creation in rural areas and lead to reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and increased climate resilience. This will directly benefit the communities, including women and disadvantaged groups participating in Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) as well and small and medium sized entrepreneurs (and their employees) involved in forest product harvesting, sale, transport and processing. Indirect benefits are improved forest cover, environmental services and carbon capture and storage 3. The FFP Project will increase the forest area under sustainable, community-based and productive forest management and under private smallholder plantations (mainly in the Terai), resulting in increased production of wood and non-wood forest products.
    [Show full text]
  • Program Areas/Program Elements: A06/A025, A08/A036, A06/A026, A08/A025, A08/A036, A18/A074 Submitted To
    SAJHEDARI BIKAAS PROGRAM Quarterly Conflict Assessment (November 2013) Produced by Pact (Contract No: AID-367-C-13-00003) Program Areas/Program Elements: A06/A025, A08/A036, A06/A026, A08/A025, A08/A036, A18/A074 Submitted to THE DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE OFFICE THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID) NEPAL MISSION Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted to USAID November, 2013 Contracting Officer Represenative Meghan T. Nalbo Submitted to the DEC by Nick Langton, Chief of Party, Sajhedari Bikaas Program PACT Inc. Nepal Sushma Niwas, Sallaghari, Bansbari, House No 589 Budhanilkantha Sadad, Kathmandu, Ward No 3 Post Box No. 24200, Kathmandu, Nepal This report was produced and converted to pdf format using Microsoft Word 2010. The images included in the report are jpg files. The language of the document is English. Sajhedari Bikaas Project Partnership for Local Development Quarterly Conflict Assessment (November 2013) An initial perception assessment of conflicts, tensions and insecurity in Sajhedari Bikaas project districts in Nepal’s Far West and Mid-West regions. Sajhedari Bikaas Project Partnership for Local Development Quarterly Conflict Assessment A initial perception assessment of conflicts, tensions and insecurity in Sajhedari Bikaas project districts in Nepal’s Far West and Mid-West regions (November 2013) Prepared by Saferworld for the Sajhedari Bikaas Project (Under Contract no. AID-367-C-13-00003) This study/assessment is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Saferworld and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Introduction Sajhedari Bikaas Project is a USAID-funded 5-year project aimed at empowering communities to direct their own development.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Province 05, Preliminary Results, Nepal Economic Census
    Number of Number of Persons Engaged District and Local Unit establishments Total Male Female Rukum East District 1,020 2,753 1,516 1,237 50101PUTHA UTTANGANGA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 276 825 501 324 50102SISNE RURAL MUNICIPALITY 464 1,164 620 544 50103BHOOME RURAL MUNICIPALITY 280 764 395 369 Rolpa District 5,096 15,651 8,518 7,133 50201SUNCHHAHARI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 302 2,231 1,522 709 50202THAWANG RURAL MUNICIPALITY 244 760 362 398 50203PARIWARTAN RURAL MUNICIPALITY 457 980 451 529 50204SUKIDAHA RURAL MUNICIPALITY 408 408 128 280 50205MADI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 407 881 398 483 50206TRIBENI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 372 1,186 511 675 50207ROLPA MUNICIPALITY 1,160 3,441 1,763 1,678 50208RUNTIGADHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 560 3,254 2,268 986 50209SUBARNABATI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 882 1,882 845 1,037 50210LUNGRI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 304 628 270 358 Pyuthan District 5,632 22,336 12,168 10,168 50301GAUMUKHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 431 1,716 890 826 50302NAUBAHINI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 621 1,940 1,059 881 50303JHIMARUK RURAL MUNICIPALITY 568 2,424 1,270 1,154 50304PYUTHAN MUNICIPALITY 1,254 4,734 2,634 2,100 50305SWORGADWARI MUNICIPALITY 818 2,674 1,546 1,128 50306MANDAVI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 427 1,538 873 665 50307MALLARANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 449 2,213 1,166 1,047 50308AAIRAWATI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 553 3,477 1,812 1,665 50309SARUMARANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 511 1,620 918 702 Gulmi District 9,547 36,173 17,826 18,347 50401KALI GANDAKI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 540 1,133 653 480 50402SATYAWOTI RURAL MUNICIPALITY 689 2,406 1,127 1,279 50403CHANDRAKOT RURAL MUNICIPALITY 756 3,556 1,408 2,148
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 1 : - Srms Print Run Quantity and Detail Specifications for Early Grade Reading Program 2019 ( Cohort 1&2 : 16 Districts)
    Annex 1 : - SRMs print run quantity and detail specifications for Early Grade Reading Program 2019 ( Cohort 1&2 : 16 Districts) Number Number Number Titles Titles Titles Total numbers Cover Inner for for for of print of print of print # of SN Book Title of Print run Book Size Inner Paper Print Print grade grade grade run for run for run for Inner Pg (G1, G2 , G3) (Color) (Color) 1 2 3 G1 G2 G3 1 अनारकल�को अꅍतरकथा x - - 15,775 15,775 24 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 2 अनौठो फल x x - 16,000 15,775 31,775 28 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 3 अमु쥍य उपहार x - - 15,775 15,775 40 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 4 अत� र बु饍�ध x - 16,000 - 16,000 36 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 5 अ쥍छ�को औषधी x - - 15,775 15,775 36 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 6 असी �दनमा �व�व भ्रमण x - - 15,775 15,775 32 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 7 आउ गन� १ २ ३ x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 8 आज मैले के के जान� x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 16 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 9 आ굍नो घर राम्रो घर x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 10 आमा खुसी हुनुभयो x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 20 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 11 उप配यका x - - 15,775 15,775 20 14.8x21 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4X4 12 ऋतु गीत x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 16 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 13 क का �क क� x 16,000 - - 16,000 16 14.8x21 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 14 क दे�ख � स륍म x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 2X0 2x2 15 कता�तर छौ ? x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 2X0 2x2
    [Show full text]
  • Violations in the Name of Conservation “What Crime Had I Committed by Putting My Feet on the Land That I Own?”
    VIOLATIONS IN THE NAME OF CONSERVATION “WHAT CRIME HAD I COMMITTED BY PUTTING MY FEET ON THE LAND THAT I OWN?” Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better. © Amnesty International 2021 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Illustration by Colin Foo (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. Photo: Chitwan National Park, Nepal. © Jacek Kadaj via Getty Images https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2021 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ASA 31/4536/2021 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1.1 PROTECTING ANIMALS, EVICTING PEOPLE 5 1.2 ANCESTRAL HOMELANDS HAVE BECOME NATIONAL PARKS 6 1.3 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY THE NEPAL ARMY 6 1.4 EVICTION IS NOT THE ANSWER 6 1.5 CONSULTATIVE, DURABLE SOLUTIONS ARE A MUST 7 1.6 LIMITED POLITICAL WILL 8 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Case Study
    WWF POPULATION-HEALTH- ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM LEARNING AGENDA Engendering Conservation Constituencies: Understanding the Links between Women’s Empowerment and Biodiversity Conservation Outcomes for PHE Programs WWF- NEPAL CASE STUDY April, 2010 Author: Nancy K. Diamond, Senior Gender Consultant Diamond Consulting ([email protected]) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Number 1. Acknowledgements 5 2. Study Background 5 2a. Consultancy Objectives 5 2b. Literature Review 6 2c. Methodology 13 3. Nepal’s Terai Arc Landscape 15 4. TAL PHE Activities 21 5. Findings and Discussion 31 6. Conclusion 52 Annexes: A. Itinerary 56 B. WWESPE Tool 58 C. Interview guides 61 D. Gender Action Plan for the Terai Arc Landscape Program 77 E. Requests from Community Informants 81 3 List of Tables Page Number 1. Scorecard Criteria for the WWESPE Tool 10 2. Comparison of Land Size, Forest Cover, Population Density and Land Holdings 23 for Dang, Kailali and Bardiya Districts 3. Comparison of Population, Caste/Ethnic Composition and Migration Statistics 24 for Dang, Kailali and Bardiya Districts 4. Reproductive Health and Literacy Statistics for Dang, Kailali and Bardiya Districts 25 5. TAL’s PHE and Other Activities in Dang, Kailali and Bardiya 26 6. Differences in Perceptions about Men’s and Women’s Involvement in TAL 31 Activities 7. Number and Percentage of Individual Informants Who Received TAL Goods and 30 Services 8. Women’s Economic Empowerment Changes Attributed to TAL, by District 35 9. Observations about the Extent of TAL’s Economic Empowerment Impacts on 36 Women, by District 10. Women’s Social Empowerment Changes Attributed to TAL, by District 37 11.
    [Show full text]
  • ZSL National Red List of Nepal's Birds Volume 5
    The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series Volume 5 Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Copyright: ©Zoological Society of London and Contributors 2016. All Rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-0-900881-75-6 Citation: Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R. (2016) The status of Nepal's Birds: The national red list series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Keywords: Nepal, biodiversity, threatened species, conservation, birds, Red List. Front Cover Back Cover Otus bakkamoena Aceros nipalensis A pair of Collared Scops Owls; owls are A pair of Rufous-necked Hornbills; species highly threatened especially by persecution Hodgson first described for science Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson and sadly now extinct in Nepal. Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. Notes on front and back cover design: The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894).
    [Show full text]