Reframing Conceptual Art: the Case of Vija Celmins and Anna Maria Maiolino
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REFRAMING CONCEPTUAL ART: THE CASE OF VIJA CELMINS AND ANNA MARIA MAIOLINO _______________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Submitted to The Temple University Graduate Board _______________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS _______________________________________________________________________ by Rachel McCay August 2013 Thesis Approvals: Adele Nelson, Thesis Advisor, Department of Art History Gerald Silk, Second Reader, Department of Art History ii ABSTRACT My thesis establishes an alternative history of the development of Conceptual art in both the United States and Brazil. The work of U.S. artist Vija Celmins (b. 1938) and Brazilian artist Anna Maria Maiolino (b. 1942) serve as case studies to support my argument that post-war realism was an influential precedent for Conceptual art. Within the historiography of Conceptual art, scholars have maintained that nonrepresentational modes of expression serve as the movement’s foundation and little consideration has been given to the influence of Pop-oriented strategies that employed recognizable, representational subject matter. As I demonstrate in the work of Celmins and Maiolino, post-war realism underpinned the political nature of Conceptual art. My goal of expanding the art historical canon is approached through three models that propose non-evolutionary historical accounts which, when applied to art history, emphasize previously disregarded formal relationships between artists and shared social concerns. This methodology weaves a complex, expanded and interdependent history of art that proves Celmins and Maiolino were not outliers within the art historical moment of the 1960s and 70s, as some have argued. Separated geographically and working in two different social and political contexts, both artists partook in the radical reconfiguring of the art object, the artist and the art institution that defined this period. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Adele Nelson. More than any other person, she has contributed in the most meaningful way to my intellectual development. Her dedication to and support of my thesis and all my professional endeavors have impacted me significantly. I would also like to thank Dr. Gerald Silk whose astute comments and suggestions have improved this thesis. I would also like to thank the very accomplished women I met in graduate school who became my very close friends. Their friendship has been the best part of my experience at Tyler. I would also like to thank my sister who is my best friend. Finally, I would like to thank my parents who have not been able to see their dining room table in two years. Everything that is positive in my life is a direct outcome of their love and support. Thank you. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ v INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1. ALTERNATIVES TO THE OEDIPAL NARRATIVE ........................................... 1 2. VIJA CELMINS’ INTERSECTION WITH CONCEPTUAL ART ........................ 20 3. ANNA MARIA MAIOLINO AND THE ROLE OF NEW FIGURATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL ART IN BRAZIL ........................ 36 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 54 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 57 APPENDIX A. FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 65 v LIST OF FIGURES 1. Judy Chicago, Through the Flower, 1973. Sprayed acrylic on canvas, 61 x 61 in. Private Collection, New York ................................................................................... 65 2. Vija Celmins, Lamp # 1, 1964. Oil on canvas, 24 ½ x 35 inches. Collection of the artist .......................................................................................................................... 66 3. Celmins, Heater, 1964. Oil on canvas, 47 ½ x 48 inches. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York ............................................................................................... 66 4. Celmins, Hot Plate, 1964. Oil on canvas, 25 x 35 inches. Collection of the artist..................................................................................................................................... 67 5. Celmins, source image for 1964 gun paintings, 1964. Photograph, Dimensions unknown. Collection of the artist .................................................................... 67 6. Celmins, Gun with Hand #1, 1964. Oil on canvas, 24 ½ x 34 ½. The Museum of Modern Art, New York ................................................................................... 68 7. Celmins, Time Magazine Cover, 1965. Oil on canvas, 22 x 16 inches. Collection of the artist ......................................................................................................... 68 8. Celmins, Burning Plane, 1965. Oil on canvas, 14 ½ x 24 inches. Collection of Joni and Monte Gordon, Los Angeles ............................................................................ 69 9. Celmins, Tulip Car #1, 1966. Oil on canvas, 16 x 27 inches. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. ........................................................................................ 69 10. On Kawara, Title [One Thing, 1965, Vietnam], 1965. Liquitex on canvas, 2 parts: 46 ½ x 57 ½ x 1 ¾ inches and 1 part: 51 ½ x 63 x 1 ¾ inches. Collection of the artist ......................................................................................................... 70 11. Celmins, Untitled (Ocean), 1970. Graphite on acrylic ground on paper, 14 1/8 x 18 7/8. The Museum of Modern Art, New York ....................................................... 70 12. Celmins, Irregular Desert, 1973. Graphite on synthetic polymer ground on paper, 12 x 15 inches. The Museum of Modern Art, New York ........................................ 71 13. Sol LeWitt, Cubic Construction: Diagonal 4, Opposite Corners 1 and 4 Units, 1971. Painted wood, 24 ½ x 24 ¼ x 24 ¼. The Museum of Modern Art, New York ............................................................................................................................ 71 14. Lygia Clark, Bicho (Critter), 1962. Anodized aluminum, 21 x 35 ½ x 21 ½ inches (variable). The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston ....................................................... 72 vi 15. Anna Maria Maiolino, Glu Glu Glu…, 1966. Acrylic ink and cloth on wood, 43 x 23 x 5 inches. Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro .................................. 72 16. Maiolino, Glu Glu Glu.., 1967. Woodcut, 26 x 19 inches. Edition of 20. Collection of the artist ......................................................................................................... 73 17. Maiolino, A Espera (Waiting), 1967. Wood, acrylic, ink, rope and cloth, 50 x 48 ½ x 11 ¾ inches. Ella Fontanals Cisneros Collection, Miami ............................... 73 18. Rubens Gerchman, Lindonéia –a Gioconda do suburbia (To Pretty Lindonéia), 1966-67. Mixed media, 23 ½ x 23 ½ inches. Collection of the artist..................................................................................................................................... 74 19. Cildo Meireles, Inserções em Circuitos Ideológicos: Projeto Coca-Cola (Insertions into Ideological Circuits: Coca-Cola Project), 1970. 3 glass bottles, 3 metal caps, liquid and adhesive labels with text, 98 ½ x 23 ½ x 23 ½ inches. Tate Modern, London ......................................................................................................... 75 20. Maiolino, Capítulo I (Chapter I), from the series Mapas Mentais (Mental Maps), 1971. India Ink and Letraset on paper, 20 ¼ x 20 ¼ x 1 1/3 inches. Collection Michael M. Herschmann ................................................................................... 76 21. Maiolino, Capítulo II (Chapter II), from the series Mapas Mentais (Mental Maps), 1976. India Ink and Letraset on paper, 20 ¼ x 20 ¼ x 1 1/3 inches. Collection Verȏnica Gerchman........................................................................................... 77 22. Maiolino, Monumento à Fome (Monument to Hunger), 1978. Table, fabric, ribbon, plastic bags, rice and beans, Dimensions variable. Collection of the artist ............................................................................................................................... 78 23. Maiolino, Estado Escatológico (Scatological State), 1978. Different types of toilet paper, tissue, newspaper, paper and leaves, Dimensions variable. Collection of the artist ......................................................................................................... 79 vii INTRODUCTION My thesis establishes an alternative history of the development of Conceptual art in both the United States and Brazil. The work of U.S. artist Vija Celmins (b. 1938) and Brazilian artist Anna Maria Maiolino (b. 1942) serve as case studies