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Seymska Population F Russian Desman ( O Desmana Oschata M L

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Seymska Population F Russian Desman ( O Desmana Oschata M L Manuscript Number: 3140 Indian Journal of Ecology (2020) 47(4): 1077-1083 NAAS Rating: 4.96 Seymska Population of Russian Desman (Desmana moschata L.) in North-Easten Part of Ukraine: A History of Formation and Current State Oleksandr Mikhailovich Yemets , Volodymyr Anatoliyovich Vlasenko , Viktor Mikhailovich Demenko , Valentyna Ivanivna Tatarynova, Tetiana Oleksandrivna Rozhkova, Alla Oleksandrivna Burdulaniuk, Olha Mikolaivna Bakumenko, Olena Mikolaivna Osmachko, Yuliia Mikhailivna Shcherbyna Sumy National Agrarian University, G. Kondratieva 160, Sumy, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Endemic of the East European Plain and the oldest representative of Europe's modern fauna is the Russian desman (Desmana moschata L.). The animal is subject to strict protection. The International Union of nature protection has identified the status of Russian desman as an endangered species. The desman is registered in the European Red List as a vulnerable species. It is also listed in Annex II of the Berne Convention. In the Red Book of Ukraine desmans are listed as an endangered relict species. Nowadays only the seymska population D. moschata can be found in Ukraine. It is highly fragmented and numbers about 300-500 individuals. In terms of structure we can delineate 3 areas: the seymska-the largest, is in the floodplain of the Seym river; the vyrivska-covers the floodplain of the Vyr river, the left tributary of the Seym river; the klevenska-covers the floodplain of the Kleven river, the right tributary of the Seym river. In general, the population is in a very depressed state and is very affected by anthropogenic pressure. Keywords: Desmana moschata L., A modern state, The north-eastern Ukraine, The seymska population The biota evolution, in particular animals evolution on negative impact on the natural biodiversity of global climate Earth, is undulating with periods of flowering and extinction of changes, about anthropogenic pressure and other man- species. Researchers of the evolution process have made factors. identified at least five periods of animals extinction. The most Ukraine, despite its agrarian status, is one of the unique famous among them is Permian, when at least 95% of all regions of the world where transformed or a little-transformed living creatures that inhabited our planet disappeared. The territories have remained well-preserved. The vast majority recent studies of ecologists, taxonomists, zoologists and of territories are parts of different at rank nature conservation other fundamentalist researchers have provided a basis for objects. It is here that species of flora and fauna, which are statements about the sixth extinction that is going on today. unique both to Ukraine and to the world, have been According to the News line resource (2019), referencing preserved and protected. One of them is the Russian William J. Ripple (Oregon State University in Corvallis, the desman (Desmana moschata L.). This insectivorous USA), before the anthropogenic era per 10000 species of mammal belongs to the mole (Talpidae) family and is animals 2 of them disappeared every 100 years. During the endemic to the Eastern European Plain and is the oldest twentieth century and the early part of the twenty-first century representative of modern fauna in Europe, if we take into these figures increased by 114 times. In the coming decades account the age of fossil specimens. The oldest remains of the fauna of the Earth will lose at least 150 animal species, these animals date back to the Pleistocene era. They were about 70% of modern species will significantly reduce their found in France, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, numbers and more than 60% of the species may completely Sweden, the United Kingdom, Hungary and Ukraine. As of disappear. The main reasons that will lead to such today the Russian desman hasn't been officially registered in consequences are the powerful commercial use of modern the territory of Western Europe. Its range is restricted to fauna, excessive anthropogenic influence on animal relatively small territories in Russia (European part and habitats, destabilization of their habitats and significant Western Siberia), eastern Ukraine and western Kazakhstan reduction of unoccupied spaces in nature (William J. Ripple (Fig . 1 ) . The area of this mammal is disjunctive. Relatively et al 2017, 2019). Earlier scientists (Vandna Devi et al 2019, small populations are concentrated mainly in the basins of Jeph and Khan 2019) also report in their works about a strong the Volga, Don, Dnieper and Ural rivers. 1078 Oleksandr Mikhailovich Yemets et al Department of the Nature Reserve Fund and Environment of the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Protection of the Sumy Regional State Administration were analysed during this research work. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS At present, within the European continent, the Russian desman's area is concentrated in the European part of the Russian Federation in the territory of 37 regions in the basins of the Volga, Don, Dnipro and Ural rivers. These are areas where the desman has existed since ancient times and Sources: uk.wikipedia.org (2019) where relatively few individual populations of this animal Fig. 1 . The modern area of the Russian desman distribution have remained. According to "Materials on the fauna of the The number of species is low and there is a clear Nizhny Novgorod Zavolzhye" (2002) at the beginning of the possibility of further decline. Keeping this in mind the animal 21st century the number of desmans in Russia is about has been put on a number of red lists. In particular, the 35000 individuals. 20000 of them are in the Volga basin, International Union of Nature Protection has designated the 10000 are in the Don basin and another 5000 are in the status of the Russian desman as an endangered species Dnipro and Ural basins. However, other sources give (Endangered, EN). In the European Red List it is registered different information. According to the results of fundamental as a vulnerable species (Vulnerable, V). This category studies Khakhin (2009) concluded that now the area of the includes species that are threatened with extinction as a desman in Russia is discrete by its nature and the status of result of on-going negative factors. the species is critical. This situation is observed in most areas Taking into account the rate of reduction of the Russian where D. moschata in habits, except Ryazan, Kursk and desman population in a number, it is quite predictable that in Kurgan regions, where the animal population status is the the near future this animal will be transferred to the most favourable (Table 1). endangered species group. For this reason it is listed in In general the author's account of the desman Annex II (species to be protected) of the Berne Convention population shows an irreversible and all-encompassing (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and decline in the number of species throughout its territory. Natural Habitats). In the Red Book, in all its three editions, the According to the results of these studies the total number of Russian desman is included in the status of endangered relict desman in Russia was 28000 individuals in 2001. However, species. It follows from the foregoing that there is an urgent in 2005 the number was reduced to 25000 individuals. If the need to study the current distribution, the number of this situation doesn't change, the number of species (600 unique animal in detail, to monitor the territories suitable for individuals per year) will be reduced and it's highly likely the its continued survival and to think properly about the creation number of desmans in the Russian Federation will number of conditions for the survival and resettlement of this about 17200 individuals in 2019. micromammal. The current population of desman in Ukraine is closely The purpose of this work is to summarize the literature related to the population of this animal in Kursk region, resources on the distribution of the desman in the territory of Russia, and is its peripheral south-western area. The Ukraine, especially in its north-eastern part. The main reason desman population in Kursk region was created through the to begin the research work was the detection of D. moschata resettlement of 95 animals from the Khopyor Nature Reserve in the Kleven river (the right tributary of the Seym river) in the in 1956 – 1961. By 1976 the animal had already inhabited the territory of the Regional Landscape Park Seymskyi whole territoryin Kursk region, the territory which was (Krolevets district, Sumy region). The animal was observed suitable for its life. Nowadays it is the largest desman downstream in the Kleven riverbed area during a route population in the Dnipro Basin. It numbers about 3 thousand survey. individuals (Khakhin 2009). In the 1970's the animal also penetrated the territory of Ukraine – Putyvl district, Sumy MATERIAL AND METHODS region. It is highly likely that it's the only population of D. Literature, reports of research expeditions, desman moschata in Ukraine today. The desman's presence here is territory surveys, desman identification activities in the documented and confirmed by factual material. In the territory of the Sumy region, archival documents of the twentieth century the spread of D. moschata in Ukraine was Desmana moschata L. in North-Easten Ukraine 1079 somewhat different. Zahorodniuk (2002) observed the range reason for its disappearance, as mentioned by Pidoplichko of the desman in Ukraine has historically been formed in 3 (1951), could have been the completion of the natural parts: Dniprovska, Siversko-Donetska and Seymska (Fig. 2). process of shortening of this part of the area, which began in The Dniprovska population existed until the 1930s. The prehistoric times. The most powerful and the largest population of D. moschata in Ukraine was Siversko-Donetska. Up to this Table 1. Dynamics in the number of D.
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