British Columbia Historical News British Columbia Historical Federation Journal of the P0 Box 5254, STATIoN B., VIcT0IUA BC V8R 46N British Columbia Historical Federation A CHARITABLE SOCIETY UNDER THE INCOME TAX ACT Published Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. ExECuTIvE EDITOR: Fred Braches HONOsnY PATRON: HIS HONOUR, THE HoNosLE GARDE B. GARD0M, Q.C. P0 Box 130 HONoIatY PRESIDENT: LEONARD McCj’sN Whonnock BC, V2W 1V9 do VcoUvaR MARITIME MUsEUM Phone (604) 462-8942 1905 OGDEN Ava., VCoUvER BC V6J 1A3 [email protected] OFFICERs BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: PREsIDEr: WAYNE DESR0CHERS Anne Yandle #2- 6712 BAKER Ro.rs, DELTA BC V4E zV3 3450 West 20th Avenue PHONE (604) 599-4206 FAX. (604)507-4202 [email protected] Vancouver BC, V6S 1E4 FIRST VICE PRESHIENr: RoyJ.V PALI.ANT Phone (604) 733-6484 1541 MERLYNN CRESCENT, NoRm VCOuvER BC V7J 2X9 [email protected] PHONE (604) 986-8969 [email protected] SECOND VICE PRESIDENT: MELvA DwYER SUBSCRIPTION SEcREmRY: 2976 MCBRHIE AVE., SURREY BC V4.A 3G6 Joel Vinge PHONE! FAX (604) 535-3041 561 Woodland Drive SECRETARY:ARN0LD RNERIs Cranbrook BC V1C 6V2 1898 QUAMICHAN STREET,VIcr0RIA BC V8S 2B9 Phone (250) 489-2490 PHONE (250) 598-3035 [email protected] [email protected] RECORDING SECRATARY: ELIzABETaS (BETTY) BROWN Ron,VICToR1A BC V8S PUBLISHING Cos,aasIrrEE: 473 Tsrr 4Z Tony Parr PHONE (250) 598-1171 125 Castle Cross Road, TRRAsURER: RON GREENE P0 Box 135I,VICT0RIA BC V8W 2W7 Salt Spring Island BC V8K 2G 1 Phone (250) 537-1123 PHONE (250) 598-1835 FAX(250) 598—5539 [email protected] MEMBER AT LARGE:JACQUELINE GRE5K0 LAYOUT M’JD PRODUCTION: Fred Braches 5931 SDPIpER C0URr, RICHMOND BC V7E 3P8 Subscriptions PHoNE (604) 274-4383 [email protected]. c MEMBER AT LARGE: RON HYDE Individual si5.oo per year #20 12880 RAILWAY AVE., RICHMOND BC 7EV 6G2 Institutional Subscription sao.oo per year PHONE: (604) 277-2627 FAX(604) 277-2675 [email protected] For addresses outside Canada add s6.oo per year PAST PRESIDENT: RON WELW00D Please send correspondence regarding R.R. # I,S-22 C-i, NELSON BC ViL 5P4 subscriptions to the subscription secretary in PHoNE (250) 825-4743 [email protected] Cranbrook. Some back issues of the journal are available—ask the editor in Whonnock. COMMITTEE OFFICERS Single copies of recent issues are for sale at ARCHIvIsT: MARGARET ST0NEBERG Books and Company, Prince George BC Box 687, PRINCEToN BC VoX iWo Coast Books, Gibsons BC PHoNE (250) 295-3362 Gray Creek Store, Gray Creek BC MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY:TERRY SIMPSON Royal Museum Shop,Victoria BC 193 BIRD SCruARY, NAIMO BC V9R 6G8
Tms PUBUCP,flON IS iNDEXED IN THE CBCA, pususiiso By PHONE (250) 754-5697 TERRYROY@NANAIMO.ARK.COM MIclIoMwis. HISTORICAL TRAILS AND MARKERs:JOHN SPITTLE ISSN 1195-8294 1241 MOUNT CROWN ROAD, N0RTHVANCOuVER BC V7R 1R9 PHoNE (604) 988-4565 [email protected] PBODUCTION MAIL REGI5iasnoN NuMBE5 1245716 SCH0I.ARSHIP (ESSAY) COMMITTEE: FRANCEs GUNDitY PUBUcATI0NS MAIL REGISmArIoN No. 09835 255 NiGA1 STREET,VICT0RIA BC V8V 1G4 PHONE (250) 385-6353 [email protected] The British Columbia Heritage Trust has pro PuBuc1TIoNS AssIsTANCE: NANCY SnJART-STUBE5 vided financialassistanceto this project to support 265IY0RKAvENUE,VANCOUvER BC V6K IE6 conservation of our heritage resources, gain further PHotE (604) 738-5132 [email protected] knowledge and increase public understanding of the WRITING C0MPETrnON—LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR’S AwARD: complete history of British Columbia. SHIRLEY CUiiiBEETSON #306 - 225 BELLEvILLE STREET,VICT0RIA BC V8V 4T9 PHONE (250) 382-0288 BRITISH COLUMBt HISTOIUcAL NEWS PUBLISHING COMMITTEE seecolumnon leftside
Visitour website: http://bchf/bc.ca BRITIsH CoLuMBIA Volume No. Summer 2000 $5.00 HIsToIuc NEWS ISSN 1195-8294 Journal of the British Columbia Historical Federation
2 The Life and Times of Robert Raglan Gosden: Writing British Columbia History Anarchist, Saboteur, Mystic, and Labour Spy AM CONCERNED about the present by Mark Lejer J upsurge of books being written and published about various aspects 8 Dr. Moss’s Second Bear Hunt of British Columbia history. It is not by Paul C. Appleton that I think that there should be less of such publications but I believe that 12 Phoenix — The Vanished City by NL. Barlee there are occasions when the books are not well enough researched or 15 Phoenix Remembers thought through to warrant publica by Earl Kelly (ed.Jim Glanville) tion. It is enjoyable to see a book about 16 William H. Bambury: Phoenix’s Last Resident one of our small communities that by Alice Glanville has not had its story told previously. Many of these stories are being writ- 18 Token History: The Hotel Brooklyn of Phoenix, BC ten by individuals who have arrived by Ron Greene in the area fairly recently and see that there is a need to record its history. 19 The Gold Rush Pack Trail of 1861 This is wonderful! However, what I by Marie Elliott am concerned about is that too often 23 Archives & Archivists the books are not well written and not even well researched. Those who by Bill Purver know many of the stories and have 24 Report: Pynelogs lived in the area for years are not al— by Winnfred Ariel Weir ways consulted.Archival materials, such as newspapers and other records, are either not used or not identified 25 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR properly. These omissions can lead to 27 BooK REVIEWS a somewhat slight publication and 33 NEWS AND NOTES sometimes an inaccurate one. 35 PORT ALBERNI 2000 by Roy] VPallant and Irene Alexander Therefore my plea for those wish- ing to write about our British Co 40 FEDERATIoN NEws lumbia history is: please do so, but be REPORT PREsIDENT’s ANNUAL aware of all the resources available ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 1999/2000 MINums OF and use them as efficiently and accu 41 INDEx Volume 32 rately as possible. If care is taken by our authors to produce as accurate and well—researched work as possible we shall not only have a wealth oflit erature on the history of our prov Any country worthy of a future should be interested in its past. ince, but also a wonderful source of information for present and future W Kaye Lamb, 1937 students and scholars. Melva J. Dwyer Bibliographer, BC Studies
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000
2 No.3 -VoL.33 NEWS HISTORICAL BC
on Several police. scabs, as and the He strikers, tween cow- Canada Party Socialist of the attacked
be a out fight way broke Kelly’s Cut, as Villa. revolutionary with known Pancho the den Mexican
road of a they section reached When the rid have and strike. to claimed BC Attorney-General,
join tools to and down others the He topple urged marchers a tage helped and had assassination.
hundred strong, Several streets. the picket city lines, and public through sabo preached meetings
march a held angry and strikers the 6 in San On and Diego to Rupert April, newspapers
had place. from in taken Prince labour part strikes
to his take was then Gosden appointed Gosden spired retary. and Robert thousands. outraged
sec the local’s he and including arrested, in and lution, were members scandal, violence, political
union line. Several the to picket break police with was His revo radicalism, synonymous name
the called in and by scabs, importing responded pages. the War First front from the pushed World
employers The wages. for even BC higher strike went and daily the on in headlines newspapers,
the 1911, March PRIA In pay worse. the his and He and speeches with province poor raised actions.
food wet, the and was in he But cold Prince a shocked years forty-five Rupert had before,
Life conditions. terrible faced more. men but tricities, Wobblies.The nothing
the or (IWW), the of trial his his World Workers ideas, warmly his eccen even loyalty; for
the Indus union, the was radical with a a affiliated a and remembered relative, friend, husband,
that labourers of a construction was local Gosden Raglan the organization Robert service, memorial
(PRIA), IndustrialAssociation the at Rupert few To grey day. that on respects Prince those damp,
he joined Rupert. Prince There to in pay construction gathered no bore reporter crowd witness,
in was working Gosden 1910, By December No column. the page in of back ied obituary the
the north. in Canadian Service a Robert bur short lines few only dailies, metropolitan
and London Jack befriended that he people a told in not story the warrant and of did many, one it
later he by 1906, BC In and gardener. mason, was just Gosden Raglan of The Robert death
labourer, man, garbage seaman,janitor, ger, painter, man. old a of passing 78-year the to ver mark
log a miner, he was ofjobs: a at variety worked Street Vancou in Granville Chapel Edwards on
He States. the United and Canada throughout theT. at gathered of mourners group a sues, small
travelled He 1896. around left and England 1882 is larger with a by world worried Unnoticed
in England Surrey, in was born Gosden Raglan off. faced superpowers two nuclear the
Robert North America. of frontiers industrial as anxiously watched world the and aggression,
the on work of rough the much did who ers from American be defended would that Cuba
work migrant the of typical was he ways, many warned Nikita Khrushchev Premier fore. Soviet
In man? shadowy contradictory, this was Who day be the Bay Pigs the Cuba of at of invasion
life. Gosden’s Bob ill-fated the had launched US the alarming, More
about ordinary nothing was there death, his dinary shock. the from reeling still was States United
or However Police. Mounted Canadian Royal and the days before, six space into first human history.
the spy for a labour had been he that was past his the launched had Union on Soviet one boil BC to labour over.The
of secret real But the saboteur. a third even his is Books, anarchist, 1999) threatened and simmered War Cold work. The
an Star New (Vancouver: a revolutionary, been had He radical. a fiery for looking Canadians 700,000 over with high,
Spy
Mystic, Labour
been had he secret.Yes, final Gosden’s them knew was Unemployment the weather. than concerns
Revolutionary; Gosden,
of None confficting. and sparse were the details weightier course, of were, degrees.There 50 about
of and
Robert Times
though this, of some knew funeral his at Some was system,
metric
the
adopted
before Canada
Life
Life: book, The Rebel
portunity” years those in scale Fahrenheit the on measured
His University.
Fraser
T
op
conceivable every at “sabotaged be should temperature, the damp; and overcast
at Simon
historian
that theft” on based system “a was capitalism was It
day Vancouver. in spring other any labour a is BC, Ladner,
that
declared boldly
and conservative, and ardly like much was April 1961 of 18TH i-re born Mark in Leier,
Leier by Mark
Spy Labour and Mystic, Saboteur, Anarchist,
Gosden: Raglan Robert of and Times Life The both sides were injured, and a number of union crowds, and vigilante groups were organized to Centre: Robert Gosden. ists were arrested on charges ranging from at purge the city of the activists. At least two IWV/ Photo taken in the 1950s. tempted murder, to rioting and assault. Bob members were killed by mobs during the several Gosden was among the months of the free speech arrested. Charged with struggle; others were kid counselling assault, he napped, beaten, even spent three months in burned with tar and cigar prison. butts. His sentence strength One of the Wobblies ened Gosden’s belief that picked up in the police capitalism was a cruel and dragnets was Bob Gosden. exploitative system. Many Arrested and charged of the arrested were kept with violating the city or in a hastily-built bullpen dinance forbidding gath until their trials, and erings, Gosden was held prison fare was two serv in countyjail without trial ings of “shadow soup” a for nine months. From his day. One man, it was said, cell, he wrote to the In was driven mad by the dustrial Worke, the IWV7 prison conditions. newspaper. In his articles, After his release, he insisted that a proletar Gosden made his way ian revolution was neces down to San Diego. In sary, and that the most ef later years, he said he had fective tools for revolu ridden with Pancho Villa, tionaries were direct ac and “expropriated” horses owned by newspaper tion and sabotage. By destroying capitalist ma baron William Hearst from his San Simeon ranch chinery and factories, the IWW could “tie up to aid the Mexican revolutionaries. He may well every industry at any time” and “by such action have. In 1912, he took part in the I’WW’s San alone will we have the liberty to organize in the Diego free speech fight. In several cities through industries so that we can feed and clothe the out North America, including Vancouver and world’s workers when the class war has ceased.” Victoria, city officials banned the union from In November 1912, Gosden and sixteen other holding meetings and speaking in the streets. Since defendants finally went to trial on charges ofvio these meetings were a crucial tactic for organiz lating the street speaking ordinance and assault ing, the IWW fought back, usually by calling upon with a deadly weapon. He was found guilty but its members to flock to the city and get arrested was released on probation and deported to BC. for defying the ban. The resulting publicity; un Certainly his stay in jail had not dampened ruly demonstrations, and strain on the city’s jails Gosden’s enthusiasm for class war. On his return and coffers were designed to force the municipal to British Columbia, he continued to agitate for authorities to relax their assault on the right to the IWW and to advocate sabotage.At Steveston, free speech and to allow the union to continue a fishing village outside of Vancouver, Gosden its organizing drives.This at least was the theory; addressed audiences of native Indian and Chi In San Diego, however, it was proved tragically nese cannery workers. Dressed in a black shirt, wrong. bare at the arms and open at the neck, he out In December 1911 the city council voted to lined the principles of the IWW and while care ban street meetings from the entire downtown ful not to actually advocate violence, he asked core, ostensibly to avoid the blocking of traffic. the workers “what it mattered to them if the The IW’V joined with socialists, civil libertar machinery was to fall to pieces or the roofs of ians, religious groups, and trade unions to main the cannery were to fall in.” tain the right to free speech. In February 1912, He took a stronger line among the striking police swooped down and arrested the speakers. miners ofVancouver Island’s coalfields. In Sep In short time nearly three hundred were impris tember 1912, the miners at Canadian Collieries, oned in the city jail. Fire hoses were turned on formerly Dunsmuir and Sons, began a strike and
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 3
No.3 -VoL.33 NEWS BC HISTORICAL 4
of our release for the Dominion of
this citizens
bosses.
as make to for us or possible necessary
is
which
and by workers perpetrated
violence class of riod
appeal peaceful last every of this month By the end
pe this in workers American North of
number charged mood:
a significant of
those
represented his
views
a in the crowd to leave calculated were words
but
an
extremist,
been have
may
Gosden
militant. his at meeting, the last speaker The unionists.
IWW and
organizer as
labour
a career
Gosden’s
of and trade socialists with prominent along couver,
highpoint the
marked MLL the
with His work Park,Van at Hastings the MLL of meeting mass
tyranny”
for desire and IWW a at he spoke the in. Representing joined
power for thirst
by
insatiable his
caused slaughter miners, Gosden the arrested of for release the
slaughter—
from saved
been have
would men
of work to (MLL) League Liberation the Miners’
thousands way that
in
with dealt been
had Kaiser
formed socialists and unionists BC lence. When
the “If he
continued. be
removed,”
should poor
vio and sabotage including action, radical seffing
the tyrannized
“who
Those others.” handle they
coun and speeches giving the region, strike down
as same the way,
a tyrannical
be
handled
should
up and and travelled to Island Vancouver headed
“Tyrants
replied, he
later,
violence
of
advocacy
fray. He the into boldly strode Gosden Robert
his about Asked MLL. the of committee press
prison.
the to and
to
the vice-presidency
elected was
in years two one to of sentences harsh given
Gosden
militancy, his of,
because
or spite, perhaps
and assembly unlawful with charged and arrested
de Nonetheless,
leaders.
labour
moderate and
were miners hundred Over two heads. mine at the
newspapers local
outraged
and
dous
cheering”
battles in pitched gunfire exchanged police and
“tremen with greeted was
thousand, one
least
and miners scabs, escort to of troops use the test
at of a crowd to
given speech,
provocative His
pro to out broke riots common; were charivaris
lives. their value they if
drinking
before
morning it
and sabotage, Beatings, company. the with
the in coffee their to taste sucker some
employ
sided
McBride, by Richard
Sir
headed
ernment,
to
advised well be
also will men These shot dead.
gov
Conservative
strikers.The bear on to militia
be will they
for
foolish, very
be
will
they hunting,
of the guns machine and bayonets
the brought
go politicians and minions of the any or Bowser,
and housing company
of out thrown
saw
miners
Attorney-General McBride, Sir Richard premier]
that
strike fierce a
was It recognition. and union provincial if [Conservative in, ushered is Year New
bargaining for collective the the demand time by the on centred released not are If they exhausted.
been have strike will the measures (UMWA), peaceflil of all year America this of Workers Mine
end the By
made. been have will prison in United by brothers the Led years. lasted two that lock-out
1913.
20 December Vanconvei in
Tag Day League Liberation
BC Right: Miners ••...:: Gosden next surfaced during the First World twist and development with zeal. Indeed, at times War in a very different set of circumstances. By Gosden’s revelations ofpolitical intrigue crowded 1916, McBride’s Tories had been in power for the FirstWorldWar offthe front page ofthe daily thirteen years. His government was tired and newspapers. His perjury trial resulted in a hung McBride himself was ill and preparing to retire jury; dissatisfied with the result, the crown pros from active politics.The opposition Liberals, led ecutor immediately re—tried him. Again the jury by Harlan C. Brewster, were positioning them could not agree, and this time the case was selves as a progressive reform party with a plat dropped. Macdonald won his seat in the 1916 form that ranged from women’s suffrage to work general election, but was forced to resign over ers’ compensation.Their success seemed assured another political scandal. He continued to be an when before the September general election, Lib important figure in BC politics and some years eral candidates M.A. Macdonald and Brewster later was appointed to the province’s court of won by-elections in February and March. appeal. His son,Alex Macdonald, would become But shortly after Macdonald’s victory in Van a successful MLA for the BC ND1 and would couver, rumours started to circulate, alleging that serve as Attorney-General during Dave Barrett’s the Liberals had rigged his by-election by bring government of 1972-1975. ing in men from Seattle to vote for him.This was Gosden refused to apologize for his part in the famous “plugging scandal.” Finally the gov the illegal activity His parents, he claimed, both ernment formed a commission to investigate.The in their eighties, needed $100 to prevent the fore investigation unravelled a complex story; com closure of their mortgage. The money went to plete with disappearing witnesses and suspects, save the family home. As Gosden put it,”the end bribery; private detectives, and perjury It was clear justifies the means in two ways. It was necessity that indeed several people had been paid to come for me as there was no other legitimate work in toVancouver to cast illegal ballots for Macdonald. view” The illegal voters were paid as much as ten dol The second way the end justified the means lars—nearly a week’s wages for an unskilled la was political, for “there was some satisfaction in bourer—and supplied with identification cards seeing the Liberals get in to beat the Conserva that listed their new names, addresses, occupa tives for once. Do you think I don’t remember tions, and polling stations and instructed them the troubles up on the Island?” He was “against how to vote. the government” on “general principles” and thus Robert Gosden played a pivotal role in the had “no moral conceptions on the question of scandal. In May 1916, he was called before the party politics,” especially since “politics is based commission and shocked the province with his on a rotten structure.” revelations. Gosden testified that Macdonald’s The work also gave Gosden a chance to apply campaign manager,John T Scott, had hired him talents unused in his labouring jobs. Since his at twenty dollars a week plus expenses to com arrival in Canada, he had worked at a variety of pile lists of men who were not entitled to vote, unskilled labouring jobs. In the winter of 1915, who were absent, or even dead, so their identi he worked as a scavenger, a snow remover, and a ties could be assumed by the pluggers. Gosden sewer excavator; inJanuary 1916, he was hired to also passed out money to prospective voters and dig a well in the miserable wet and snow of the made it clear that he would appreciate a vote for Victoria area. Engaging in the illegalities of the Macdonald in return for his largesse. plugging scandal gave him the chance to make Much more damaging, however, was Gosden’s better money, in better conditions. Compiling claim Macdonald himself had paid directly for the lists, cross-checking them, helping organize his deeds.This allegation rocked the province, for voting, all required a certain intelligence and per— it was the only direct link from Macdonald to sonality. Gosden was proud of the quality and the illegal plugging. Macdonald immediately de completeness of his work, if not of the purposes nied the charge and had Gosden arrested for per to which they were put. His performances at the jury Gosden stuck to his story and summoned a commission hearings and his perjury trials even number of witnesses who corroborated parts of won him compliments of sorts: the prosecutor it. was forced to “give him this credit, that he is one Because the election scandal was fiercely par of the most skillful witnesses I ever saw He was tisan and hotly contested, the press followed every the greatest fencer in the witness box I have come
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 5
6 No.3 NEWS -VOL.33 HISTORICAL BC
turned He home job, life. or no stable career, with was the in convention Calgary 1919.This March
old, years forty nearly was Gosden 1920, By at Labor Conference Western the of filtration
revolutionists. sincere those himself in was among cluded his work most his significant Probably
in he Presumably own death.” their mean may each town. in the ing for police
even though to revolution mass it hesitating the work of the end February at Alberta Macleod,
lead to comes, of opposition acid test the when in and in February, BC Fernie, in ary 1919, then
be willing, who may and convictions their in injanu in was Gosden labour. Blairmore,Alberta
sincere are who revolutionists types of those for manual for haps receive might what double he
way the “clear would leaders the of SPC napping per like Gosden, for excellent someone wage
kid the that hoped memo he kidnapping his $5.00 in an per as day—still as was much ployees
Even was on. side he what sure always were they casual em these pay for of rate informants.The
Nor attended. had he never meetings on reported of the to recruitment was this work Crucial
and twice, same information them the sold ten groups.
of Gosden of him. were suspicious his handlers radical and to tuted labour target and ordered
Furthermore, conference. the OBU at exposure was a reconsti RNWMP As the result, ment.
his after quickly a diminished secret agent as ity move labour the to crush and sought politicians
util his Presumably one. short a was RNWMP leaders business organized, how was work over
the spy for a as career Gosden’s movement, more control and better wages for dian workers
radical the on information with inside an expert Cana of the demand and of 1917 Revolution
as regarded Though office. Minister’s Prime the Russian the of spectre the with ers’ revolt. Faced
to up the way all hierarchy the police through work this larger of one part merely was of 1919
forwarded was memo his however, Significantly, Strike General Winnipeg in history.The Canadian
upon. acted was not suggestion chilling His any at time than frequency greater and with bers
revolution.” for sacrifice and suffer num in greater to strike and 1920 1918 tween
to willingness their than [sic] greater power is be workers inspired as abroad, well as at home
and leadership towards ambitions cause their democracy for fight to desire the war, and the of
‘be others,’ the freeze would disappear” matically sacrifice the Inflation, parties. political and ions
“auto leaders the having from resulting terror un labour of infiltrating the responsibility given
The incommunicado. them holding and leaders and reorganized was RNWP the force, military
SPC important most the kidnapping advocated para territorial a longer No on payroll. its Gosden
Gosden there. stop not 10 did No. Agent Secret like men have to keen was force police The
type” Bolsheviki of the revolution 1920. until
“social at aimed OBU the wrote, Gosden head, known was it as (RNWMP), Police Mounted
its at
stalwarts (SPC) Canada of Party Socialist North-West Royal or the Police, Mounted nadian
With conditions. and wages improve to wanted Ca Royal the for a as spy work to went Gosden
that union industrial an just not was OBU the movements, left-wing and politics on labour
that claimed He convention. on the report than expert an be to Claiming end. a different past for
more
did 10, No. Agent as Secret RNWMP the to radical his use to in 1910s. the activities decided he 1919, before time
known Gosden, For imagined. radical for his murd delegates ered OBU Some Gosden. to happened something But
the than
organizer, and harmflul more were songwriter actions his But objectors.
IWW Hill, Above:
Joe stay.
well as might spy the legal, were actions conscientious the arrest to out sent constable
their
Leler Courtesy and Mark hide to nothing had they since that special a by Island Vancouver on killed and shot
maintained speakers several as however, failed, tion was who organizer labour the Goodwin, Ginger
mo
The him. eject to made was a motion and was famous most war.The and imperialist unjust
refused was He himself. explain to the floor take an was believed they what fight in than rather
to
asked and up stood Gosden bravado, typical bush the to take did many as possible, is This
spy.With a as convention the of members two by War. World First the during conscription avoid to
denounced
he was But conference. the to egate sought who workers aided to have claimed later
del
a
as elected been had and at Hillcrest He ion organizing. union in involved was he where
un
miners’
the joined had Gosden moustache, Alberta to moved Gosden scandal, the After
new a Sporting
moderate. more though zation, courage.” of lots with and convictions
in
orgam IWW the like rather union of industrial strong man “a character,” “picturesque a was
new a
(OBU), Union One Big the launched that Gosden that opined judge with.”The in contact to spiritualism and became particularly interested survivalism and a fascina in Theosophy. He was back inVancouver around tion with the occult. He 1922, when he met the woman who would be died in Gibsons, on 11 his companion for the next sixteen years. Isabella April 1961, aged 78. He Bunyan was widowed by the Great War and left died in obscurity; loved with two young sons. She met Robert Gosden by his widow and step- through another mystical group, the British Isra sons, well regarded by his elites, and they took up residence together. friends. Though many Gosden helped raise her sons John and Bill and knew of Gosden’s love of continued to work as a labourer and cement intrigue, none knew of worker, The couple pre-empted land at Gibson’s his violent past or of his Landing, a rural peninsula north of Vancouver secret life as a labour spy. accessible only by water, and Gosden worked to What is the historical significance of Robert Above: Photo taken in clear the plot and build on it. In 1932, he took Raglan Gosden? His story gives us some insight the 1950s showing Helena up his spying trade again.This time, he contacted into the world of the migrant male worker in Gosden nee Hesson, sittin,g the BC Provincial Police, and infiltrated a relief the early years of the twentieth century. In sharp to the left and Robert camp in Deroche, BC, near Harrison Hot Springs. contrast to the romanticized notions of the hobo Gosden, thirdfrom left, in Probably hoping to find regular work with the expressed in songs like “Hallelujah, I’m a Bum” dark clothing It is not police, he hinted darkly that “secret, dangerous, his actions and speeches boil with rage and anger known who the other people and irreconcilable” agitators were at work, and at a system that used up men and tossed them are. that only his efforts could reveal the men and aside. their dastardly plots. If his help wasn’t rewarded, Gosden also gives us some insight into the he warned, “your camps will burn.” shadowy world of the labour spy. Sometime be It has not been possible to determine ifGosden tween 1910 and 1919, Gosden turned full circle. subsequently worked as an informer for the BC How can we explain this? It may be that Gosden Provincial Police. But in 1936, he was singled was a sociopath, devoid of the emotions and con out by the Communist writer William Bennett science that kept others from such behaviour. and attacked for his connection to local political Surely there were other motives. Certainly the and radio personaiity;Tom Mclnnes. Mclnnes was money was important: the pay was good for work the son ofThomas R. Mclnnes, a former Lieu that was considerably easier than railway construc tenant Governor of BC. Closely allied with the tion or ditch-digging. But we must also consider right-wing, virulently anti-labour Vancouver Gosden’s love of the limelight, evidenced by his Shipping Federation, Mclnnes formed the reac pleasure in making front-page headlines during tionary Nationalist Party of Canada and devoted the plugging scandal. Being a spy certainly re newspaper columns and radio broadcasts to at quired the use of his native intelligence in ways tacking the left and the labour movements of the that manual labour did not. Involvement in in day. According to Bennett, Gosden was “body tricate plans, double-dealing, and conspiracy may guard to the fascist radio—orator.” have given some higher meaning to his rough Isabella Bunyan died in 1938, and Gosden life in much the way mysticism did later. moved to West Vancouver, again residing with a How should we judge him? Working class hero, widow, C. Mabel Smith, and giving his occupa militant, mystic, scoundrel, traitor—he was all tion as gardener. Around 1950, he began a rela these, and more. Perhaps we no longer need to tionship with Helena Hesson, a Vancouver school judge his actions; perhaps the passage of time teacher keen on Theosophy and the supernatu makes our moralizing useless. Perhaps it is enough ral.They moved to Gibsons around 1952. Gosden to try to understand him and the conditions that continued to be attracted to radicalism for the made him. A man shaped by the brutal condi rest of his life, and often talked of the need for a tions of industrialization, his career reminds us workers’ revolution.Among his possessions were of the struggles and events and moral dilemmas photographs ofIWW martyrsJoe Hill andWesley of an earlier time. If we are to judge him harshly, Everett, who had been murdered for their radi we must also judge harshly those who profited cal activities in the 1910s. He remained a local from his exploitation and forged a world in which character, noted for his strong views and eccen radicalism, violence, and treachery could tric behaviour. This ranged from nudism, to flourish. ‘‘
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 7
8 No.3 NEWS -VOL.33 BC HISTORICAL
1876 London,June southern at England. in quarters sick Portland a remain will likely mystery. always
tionfrom
Graphic,
The
ashore two the all years and over Empire, travelling how and when, but where, 1880, and of spring
Illustra page: Opposite
a troopship aboard years and one-half about four the winter in the Atlantic that swept savage gales
spent Station, Indies West on the briefly served the one of in had foundered that she concluded 29,) (ace
Moss to Esquimalt, to appointment his Prior was It found. was ever or her wreckage the ship 1872. April Moss Lawton
Museum. and Military Centre: Naval Dr CFB Esquirnalt Edward of sign No path. presumed of her wide search
to and the home a site, heritage national ignated do to a Fleet the Channel sent the Admiralty
des recently Square,” at “Museum remain latter and overdue as listed was the officially Atalanta
the of Four brick and nent structures. modern of the April, middle Around ship. old sailing year
by perma more and were replaced demolished forty- overcrowded in the disease the dreaded
the buildings wooden 1890s early til when the of epidemic possible avoid a to climate cooler
un in use remained hospital to facilityThe tractive a sail to north it necessary was that suggesting
at a and been well-managed into transformed short, be cut should training the that captain cruise
had grounds and ship’s buildings the advised had
G—07634 BC
Archives
Courtesy
the run-down 1875 early in Moss fever, yellow with
left he by Esquimalt the time down struck been had
seriously, and men two sponsibilities after earlier,
re his new who sician days A took few again. seen
phy and diligent never scientious was and 1880
a was con 31 Moss Edward January on England
for Bermuda bour. left ship
His Har the H.M.S. to Atalanta. ate Esquimalt trance
frig en the training near at the British Head Duntz
aboard boys, Huts” and the men “Crimea placing
280 re almost with hospital, along “temporary” a
lost, was he as 37 by Admiralty when the classified of
age the at and death Navy by timely the over taken
un and a then tragic met site was The boundary.
Moss Lawton Edward the US-Canadian of tion
ly r fo n U u t sec nate western the surveying
Quarterly. Historical finished they when til 1862
B.C. the founded have un them by used and neers,
to said who is and Engi Royal tion) the for stores
Federa (now ciation and quarters winter as earlier
Asso Historical lumbia years fourteen built site, acre
Co British of the bers the 10- on were buildings
mem original the of wooden one run-down Reid, Six
Louis
by Station. Robie Pacific the for 870s. 1 in the
ago
years
many hospital naval donated Archives, permanent a as Columbia ish complex the pen at Esquimalt Hospital
Brit of the reo holdings to the among is necessary work deemed this rare changes Navy ministrative Old of Royal the
of copies few the ad of One and the Sea. story Moss renovations, and Dr. repairs, Polar of the the out carry Shores to task
the To of the life researching book, Moss’s was illustrated and it beautifully a 1869 since closed authored been had
is
and
history century England to return Hospital his upon Esquimalt and The fleet. 1875-76, Pacific the of ters
of
nineteenth-
student
of Expedition
Arctic British headquar on Esquimalt, the team CFB at entific H.M.C.S. Naden
keen a is
He Victoria.
sci and medical the for present-day of Admiralty site by Cove, the
picked
Constance
at
pital
I in wife his artist with
hand was He Hos
the practitioner. Naval of medical charge competent a take as to Esquimalt
living now
Calgar>
well as author, and at N. arrived R. sportsman, M.D., painter, Moss, zoologist, Lawton Edward
from teacher
retired
keen a was doctor Surgeon lbs.) (5’ 130 Assistant 4”,
diminutive 1872 of
The spring the n a is Paul Appleton
C. by Appleton Paul
Hunt Bear Second Moss’s Dr. Edward Lawton Moss left his wife,Thomasina, and two daughters, six and three years of age. A namesake infant son, born within a month of his father’s death, became a much decorated British Army medical officer. Thornasina never remar ried and lived well to the age of 88 at Guildford, Surrey. In one ofher letters to Robie Louis Reid, written sometime between 1927 and 1929, Thomasina Moss wrote:”.. .We hoped we might go back and settle in Vancouver [Island] some
time later in life—we loved it so much. . .“and in another letter”. ..The bush around Esquimalt was very thick, the pine [fir] trees grand, a great deal of the country was unexplored they said. My husband was a very keen sportsman. He shot two REST rather large bears, & several deer, & 14 racoons, not far the from the Hospital.They were making Dear Richard, havoc with a farmer’s turkeys—two kinds of quail [sic] were abundant...” We heard this morning about Grandpa shooting partridge and I re solved to send Edward Moss’s periodic exploration and hunt him an account of my last performance but came to the conclusion that my ing trips were a pleasant break in his routine. writing is not very clear. I had better send it to you to read to him—here it While the number of patients at any one time is. was small, the surgeon in charge of a small hospi My Second Bear Hunt tal had plenty of administrative tasks to fill his A week’s hard rain early in September looked very like the setting in of time, to write replies to letters (called “returns”), an early winter and hunters say we are to have it both early and severe this food and other supplies to order, staff to oversee year, [18174, because all the game is fat about the entrails, berries are unu and always a plethora ofAdmiralty records to keep sually numerous, and the duck are coming in already. Monday 14th [Sep meticulously for the bureaucrats of the medical tember] however turned out fine and counting on the chance of Indian department. Summer I made preparations and started on my mare to Sooke at 11 AM His second bear hunt is the subject of the fol next morning reached Muir’s farm at 4 PM, left “Miss Flirt” in a very snug lowing letter written by Edward to his brother stable and in order to reach Tugwell’s hemlock bark post before dusk lost Richard on 29 September 1874. Edward had ob no time getting on the trail. Skupac—the Indian hunter—carried my little viously enjoyed his very successful two-day ex— packsack containing 1 lb. biscuit, lb. ham, 2 oz. preserved milk & a little pedition in spite of the rain and the flea-bitten tea, chocolate and sugar as well as a very small axe, a tin can & cup and a night at Tugwell’s cabin. Both Tugwell and Muir, pencil & paper. He also carried his own rifle and blanket—I had my blan mentioned in the letter, were among the earliest ket strapped firmly so as not to interfere with my rifle. A belt carrying settlers latter family were pioneer and the log ammunition completed my outfit. gers in the Sooke region, operating the first steam- The first trace of game we saw was the track of a large panther in a driven sawmill in British Columbia. Edward’s swamp two miles beyond Muir’s. He had evidently been after the mallards comments about the Indian taking the gallblad that were quacking in alarm at our intrusion, We did the six miles in fair der of the bear suggests that this traditional Chi time, and “put up” atTugwell’s but if I ever go there again I will keep to the nese medicinal remedy must have been much in bush for the fleas gave me no rest, never till then did I have any idea what demand in Victoria, for the price of three to five they could do. I was glad to turn out at daylight to get a cup of coffee and dollars was about two days’ wages—at least $100 take the trail for the hills. Once through the dark thick of the forest that in today’s terms—not an inconsiderable sum. Un lies between the sea and the hills there was no more trail, and no one who fortunately the killing ofbears just for their valu has not seen the west can form an idea ofthe roughness and wildness of the able gallbladders is today a real threat to the re land. My object was to push on NW as far as we could in daylight and then maining bear population both in Asia, and in camp by any water we could find. Passed numerous tracks both of deer and creasingly in North America.’” bear but our heavily laden tread gave plenty of notice and we saw no live things. In the afternoon the sky became overcast, a few drops of rain warned us to be on the lookout for a dry bed before it came down heavily, and about
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 9 ______
The three etchings shown 3 PM we camped in the here and the one on the hollow of a huge fallen previous page arefrom The tree, so large that I could Graphic, London,June easily stand upright.We 1876. They illustrated Dt scarce had fern enough E. L. Il/loss c article “Sports for in British Columbia.” beds pulled when down came . ,.. — the rain in i1cit a steady pour.The mid- .- ‘ : •% die of our tree lay over a small stream, and we
. i7iW’ %.. set our fire beside the I . water, on the rocks ?“‘ . swept clear by winter ‘r — -‘ torrents, and under the ‘I i shelter of the tree. The ....
Indian took the axe, and CWSR QURTRRS in a few moments came back with an armful of long broad strips of cedar Of course we were wet through in 5 minutes bark, which he placed overlapping each other & but as long as one keeps going it makes no mat resting against either side ofthe tree, so as to make ter, indeed the wet was rather an advantage for a splendid wigwam round our fire and there we the leaves did not rustle to the tread of the moc sat till dusk & and then got a slight supper ready casin. It is no use trying to hunt in boots for they and did the best we could to converse but as slip on the fallen trees and prevent you feeling Scupac knew no English and I knew no Chinook your footing.With moccasins a man can keep his we didn’t get on very well, signs and rough pic eyes on his game, and creep along silently as a cat. tures as the Indian could draw diagrams, helped Fido is well accustomed to “still hunting” so we us out however. worked steadily along with the light growing He told me he had shot 8 bears—gave excited stronger behind us, passing numerous bear tracks descriptions, or rather acts, ofthe various encoun a day old and keeping in their line. Much to my ters and by the way of making me more com surprise, for the country was good and we made fortable for the morrow told me that a bear had no noise, I saw no game till I had got well round killed a friend of his close to where we were my side of the mountain. Then Fido set—I shot camped.We discoursed also about wolves— win a blue grouse—and thinking he would make a ter hunting, medicinal plants etc., etc., and finally good breakfast I sat down on some rocks com retired to our hollow tree and slept soundly but manding a good view with the “Winchester re then the fire went out & and it began to get cool peater” within easy reach commenced plucking below. my bird. I was about 34 mile NW of the top of “Fido” came in and lay down beside me. It the mountain and could see mile upon mile of was quite dark then and still raining, but when I rock and forest, stretching ridge beyond ridge next woke up the tracery of the hemlocks was away to both North andWest.The bird was about standing out against the pale light of morning half done when I saw a movement in the bushes and though the trees still dripped, the rain was on a ridge 150 yds on my right. Out trotted a gone.A small fire—so as not to warn the game- fine large bear, exposing his whole left side. I heated one cup of tea and off we marched regu wasn’t long changing the grouse for the rifle, and larly on the war trail. A high mountain rose to fired for behind his shoulder. Before the round our NW and we agreed to separate and take op had time to reach him he started. I bounded off posite sides, he to the E and Ito theW and meet down the rocks into a ravine full of tangled tim on the other side in the forenoon. I would have ber that lay between us and the eastward. He was felt that there was some risk in doing this if I had too active to be badly wounded, so active indeed not had experience that the Indian could follow that though several times I saw the dark mass my track wherever I went. These Sooke moun bounding along I could not cover him with my tains are risky to the white man, for they hold so rifle. much iron the compass is not to be trusted.
10 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VoL.33 No.3 we could do to carry the bear’s head paws and skin together with our traps [gear] out of the mountains. When we had finished the skinning the In dian cut the carcase [sici up and hung the pieces on trees in the shade, so that his messengers would get them in good order. He also stowed away the gallbladder as Chinamen give from 3 to 5$ for it to use as medicine. Then we started off for our camp making many a halt beside bushes like mag nified brackens with the true wild flavour, and much more palatable than the “salal”, a few ber ries of the (Berberis repens) or “Oregon grape” quenched our thirst till we got breakfast ready Stewed grouse, boiled venison, & a can of A LONG SNOT chocolate made a respectable carte to which we both did justice, leaving Fido the remains of the I didn’t half like the idea of facing a wounded deer’s head from which I had cut the forehead & horns. bear in such a dense thicket but if I wanted him Reading the description it does not seem very hard work packing in a there was nothing else for it, so I ran down to get bear’s skin and a bit of venison but the ground was everywhere covered into the narrow part of the gully before he did. with fallen timber and was a perfect labyrinth of rocks and ravines. I forgot Fido didn’t see the bear and thinking that a deer to say that every one of my shots had gone through the bear, first through was in the question was very anxious to be off. his stomach just six inches to right (side view) of his heart. 2nd through When we got down the ravine however, he had heart, liver, and haunch, and 3rd through lungs between heart and spine. heard the bear crunching towards us through the Skupac had also seen a bear but did not get a shot until he was some way fallen trees he changed his mind and fidgeted a off—”sia”—and missed him “pootsepie”—my impression is that he would few yards ahead. I had a moment or two to get have been better pleased if I had been unlucky too. my breath and chose a steady standing place, when Well, to make a long story short, we were too tired to leave our camp Fido howled and backed to my feet and bruin that day so we fed and slept in preparation for the morrow, and on Friday followed him with a roar and a rush. The dog at daylight started to Tugwell’s ranch, reached Muir’s that night was very seeing me stand,jumped to the right and made a hospitably entertained, and saddling my mare at 10 next morning got home show of attack. The bear at once struck at him about 4 PM leaving Skupac to bring the trophies round by canoe. and in doing so exposed his right shoulder and I put the third bullet in close behind the blade. He Your affectionate brother, fell over but staggered to his feet whenever the Edward L. Moss dog or I came near him. At last he was unable to rise and I gave him “coup de Gras” [sic] with the hunting knife. As I stood over him wondering if Skupac would find me I heard a distant shot and then another and felt confident he must have heard my four shots, but knew he would not fire merely to answer me.Thinking a few sign posts desirable I went to the highest point near and piled three sticks with the longest pointing down my way then set to work and skinned as much of him as I could reach for he was too heavy for me to move. Skupac appeared about 10 us car rying the haunch, skin and head of a splendid fat buck. So our larder was comfortably stocked, though now that we had the bear we did not want more than a day’s provisions for there was no use hunting anymore as it would give us all ThE HOME TRAU.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 11
12
HISTORICAL No. 3 NEWS BC -VOL.33
Cathy Chapin Lakehead University Bay
Thunder —
Wisp, in- Blue and Chance,Will-o’-the Monday,
UNITED STATES shIngtofl
mism few, Pauper, with while Last like names i/_
J
Ngara Great and conveyed Silver Hopes, opti Cloud,
High Kicker, Falls Lode, Hidden Treasure, Bonanza
Boundaj
x in the influence American Some, like region. ‘Creek
Rock
Anaco,i
July, the Boy, American and Montana, mirrored
GreenX Sam, Uncle Girl, of
Fourth Washington,Yankee fliX
KM girls like of Maggie, Others remembered. told
Sue, May, Little Jenny Marjorie, Jennie, and
I
0
5 Miles N
hoIt like Eyed Some, or owners’ Blue past preferences.
7 Westbridge
their staked, reflected names many which with
and were 500 Well per, over Central. properties
Boundary Country by the furnaces blast insatiable Granby Cop the of Long Providence, Skylark, Lake, Summit,
Below: to Grand Forks to copper been ore with be had consumed Deadwood, the established in Boundary,
day, a days up, week, seven loaded and mining the major camps 1897, of By returned ten end
steep into Phoenix grade every twenty-four recorded. hours
empty At zenith its of up trains were dozens Eagle, Grey Rawhide, crawled ore others and the
its brief Tamarack, Idaho, existence. Monarch, Victoria, Skylark,
shipped which Standard, the camp of out was Stemwinder, during Phoenix Brooklyn, Montezuma,
like by immediate vicinity; the the the matched in promising and of claims gold copper value
a of number wood succession nearby. was quick In although that impressive, Yukon, amount,
Green of town the after of eral Camp,” “Greenwood out gold in the millions hundred came
camp called was the crude beginning, the sev ple, aware are In although that even historians,
peo Canada. Few the in took that era. same place events
copper in camp as greatest the North America other and other mining shadowed stampedes
throughout famous name Phoenix the over west, made perhaps it Canadian has the of history
and owners eventually new their profit in for lars the in that glorious a chapter was and although
dol of millions upon millions liaeyyielded ultimately the Kiondike, written about been have Volumes
which claims from away they walked had ingly, est” in judge Canada.
Unknow go pittance. a for let claims their “high they as the lay claim legitimately to him entitled
silver, and gold with concerned Primarily Hill. height towering His in order. that not necessarily
Knob and Ironsides Old them called and locations although women; and poker, his stud wine, of love
two on stakes claim their in drove They level. decisions, unusual his for notoriety lasting some
4,500-foot the near Trail, Dewdney historic the earned Canada,” in City the est in Highest Court,
off just ore copper of outcrop a across large High came the in Judge, Highest “The himself called
White, Henry partner, his and Hotter Matthew who Phoenix, in judge string-bean the Williams,
1891, July 25 On Mountain. Red another locate “Willie” renowned The and forgotten. half
to hoping area, the scouring were prospectors of related seldom others well known, were which
hundreds months, CountryWithin Boundary and of some to fame, claims of a number had It
Kootenay West the to shifted was fraternity ing city; incorporated was an Phoenix
year.
min the of focus the 1890, in was discovered tain when remember who people few those haunts
be
the in
this of out fall
Red Moun when place. But taken had pecting still town the of memory Divide. The tinental
to Coppei scheduled
pros lode little since 1859, District Boundary
Con the
of towns west ghost fascinating h most the
and
of Mountains
Silver
the
in
active been had miners
placer though of one as stood it decades but for ago, century
Gold, of Boulders gets of
T
Al beginning. inauspicious an had west, the in a of quarters three over It phetic. died
Nug book upcoming
camps mining other many so like
Phoenix, pro
Yet strangely was name, Phoenix, Its (Bill) N.L. of Barlee’s
smelter. Company like place be it. another never will HERE the manuscript From
Barlee N.L. by
City Vanished The Phoenix — Left: Undated photograph of a view of Phoenix
Courtesy N.L. Rarlee dicated the opposite side of the prospectors’ na town. In fact, it could become a city! ture. By 1899 a town site had been surveyed on the By the next year the Boundary Country was strength of two factors: First that the ore body recognized far and wide as mining country The was so massive that it would take years to mine it south central interior was unique as far as geol out and second, that the Columbia & Western ogy was concerned. The Slocan, nearly seventy Railway, a subsidiary ofthe powerful CPR, prom miles northeast, was rich in silver, Rossland, barely ised to run a spur line into Phoenix to tap the forty miles east, was primarily a gold camp while great copper ore reserves. the Boundary was, with some exceptions, a cop By 1900, the area was humming with activity per zone. and Phoenix was clearly on the move. For the That was the era when a number of million first time the population edged past the 1,000 dollar properties were discovered in the Bound mark and everywhere there were indications that aryThe Cariboo-Ameia at Camp McKinney, the it would soon challenge nearby Greenwood for Union on the North Fork River, and the Mother supremacy in the Boundary Country On Old Lode at Deadwood were just a few of many. But Ironsides Avenue, Knob Hill Avenue, and Do the most illustrious of them all was the Old minion Street, stores and hotels were going up as Ironsides-Knob Hill Group at Phoenix. It was fast as the lumber could be shipped in.The specu this huge, low-grade property that made the camp. lators and boomers had their choice, as almost a It was the hinge upon which the fortunes of the dozen hotels vied for their business. Between town would swing for more than two decades. Greenwood and Phoenix, the Phoenix Stage Line By the end of 1898, Greenwood Camp made two round trips every day.The proprietors, changed its name to Phoenix. Clustered around Mandel and Murphy, prided themselves in their the main ore body, a number of crude log cabins, “good rigs, good stock and fast time.” It was a several makeshift stores and hotels sprung up. Fi statement that they made good even going down nally it dawned on some of the promoters and the winding mountain road to Greenwood, far mining men that Phoenix could become more below than a lowly mining camp, it could become a The embellishments of a city were being added
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 13
14
No.3 NEWS BC -VOL.33 HISTORICAL
by Photo Glanville Jim
Phoenix. on off BC, October Finally, cut Pass 11 Granby’s coalfields Phoenix 1900, Femie, near
nual output Nest the so increased, at did Crow’s a of the strike came prolonged when population
the big hit the operation an as at and and was a Phoenix on only basis.Another part-time those
three to miles at only Falls. the of operating But Boundary west, out blast eight, four furnaces
in at the area. One to and was able the Greenwood management, the costs other, bone under
Two cut years had two later smelters more were there Forks, Grand which at smelter Granby
the both The and mines and the vast smelter. were reserves the decreasing. once
was. rich Company Granby the And with was the grade depth ore of the controlled diminishing
but a 30 cent, by had copper magnificent per of low-grade plummeted it property; copper price
ing untenable.The become hailed Butte as had it A Butte.” “another Phoenix wasn’t, operations
the be. 1919, to of 275,960 By was it countered. be silver. not was Phoenix ounces But soon
en be ore would an gold troy 30,000 of ounces and higher-grade that somehow additional
to hope the cent clung with copper on most an townspeople of of bonus the additional nearly
and was from uneconomical, becoming rapidly 2 that the mine they per nearly had extracted
S Cenotaph. Phoenix
that obvious was it
now to ore 64,000 Although tons. 200,000 their of smelter over shipped tons
Below:
another by the decreased output had year, lowing out, company the was the Before begun. year
fol The the was wall. on era” before—the “copper writing their first had blast of furnaces.The
year the from tons 400,000 of over drop in ny’s tons—a the blew Forks at smelter huge Grand
to 677,000 slipped production 1917, the in When, Compa Granby of the the 13th On August,
end. the was approaching slowly inhabitants, pugilists. the between nessed professional
its any to of city; unknown at Phoenix.The tions had wit than they the way to championships
opera Granby the of the production on surpassed their seen better fights had that they ruefully,
BC Anyox, at mine new Company Granby the somewhat later commented, the fights at tators
time, first the for And raging a inferno. in stroyed spec the of Most and Andy King. Dean Danny
de was also House Opera Union storey Miners between staged being was of the ship Province
three— the later, magnificent week one Exactly Champion the Featherweight west, miles eight
origin. unknown of fire a of result the ground, almost in Midway, while Ad McDonald, named
the to burned Hotel Leaf Maple the August 2nd has-been a and tough Woods Jimmie tween
On occurred. events disquieting year, several be that contest middleweight was publicized much a
of summer the In years. other in than sporadic day the of highlight the Greenwood in Down
more was good, generally although business, and celebrants. with jammed were streets day, the
1,500 to close was the population By 1914, holi Day On Victoria the prevailed. Optimism
Cup. Stanley the for challenged 1917, in team, nix ore. piled
Phoe the that skilled so was of hockey brand The stock their shipping start could the mines last At
squad. the Phoenix played or Greenwood Forks her back. hold could nothing now town, for the
Grand from teams when especially rafters, the to day a red-letter was It Phoenix. had reached they
packed usually was arena seat 1,000 A national. rail— last the down laid crew his and Kelly man
inter truly were that occasions on festive menus fore 1900, May 19 on Finally, continued. Phoenix
presented Interior, the in hotels finest the of toward the track-laying on, wore spring As
one
be to reputed Hotel, Brooklyn elegant The requirement. particular for that services
labourer. and miner refined the less to and ment, their needing anyone for embalming” and ing
manage the and clique the theatre of both tastes undertak “plus rider a on tagging then and dise
the
to catered house opera The three-storey city merchan usual their advertising in unusual ing
larger
much a of amenities the of most had It noth found dealers, furniture the & Binns, Clarke
arrived. had Phoenix started, World War First the worry last their was that town, in miners thirsty
time the By annum. per tons 1,000,000 ceeding of hundreds with that, realized quickly beer but
ex
production the with passed decade first The lager advertised Brewery The Phoenix weekly.
increase. to continued also reserves the yet and arriving entrepreneurs more and town, in nesses
output the increased Company Granby the year busi hundred a almost were There up. scrape
Each ore. the to end no be to appeared There could Wilcox, WB. editor, enterprising that its
Forks. Grand news outside and local the all supplied Pioneer nix
and
Greenwood both with footing even an on Phoe trade.The for competing were firms egraph
was it Now city; a as incorporated tel officially two was and companies telephone Two steadily. supply of vital coke for smelting.That last blow simply hastened the final conclusion. Phoenix Remembers The announcement that all residents had been by Earl Kelly (Mr. “Good Evening”) dreading finally came in 1919.The Granby Corn paiy declared that they were closing down all of The Vancouver Province, 1927. Reprinted in Boundary History # 12,1992, Editor Jim Glanville their operations in Phoenix and in Grand Forks. Although many had steeled themselves, the end HERE were a great many Memorial celebrations ofArmistice Day still came as a bitter shock. Some of the inhabit this year, in a great many places, but there was surely none which ants had lived in the mountaintop city for two T could match that of Phoenix. In all the cities in all the nations who decades; it was almost unbelievable, but Phoenix had their part in the Great War, in many a quiet village of Europe, in many was doomed. a lonely settlement of the five continents, men and women and children The people who had lived there, and who re met together to keep a silence and to hear a word of remembrance. There member that period, say that a quietness, almost was a bond and a communion between these celebrants, from the King at a hush, seemed to settle over Phoenix. Then, the foot of the great Cenotaph in Whitehall to the little group ofneighbors slowly, the residents began to leave. Some went and friends who stood beside a cairn of stones in some remote place. But by special train, others left in small groups. The they made a pilgrimage to keep the memory ofArmistice Day in Phoenix, last abandonment of the city has few compari and they stood in a silent city to keep the memorial silence. sons in the annals of the Canadian west, before The grass is growing in the streets of the Boundary country The young or since. Most ofthe inhabitantsjust walked away, pines are creeping up on the weather-beaten shacks of the old mining sometimes with only the clothes on their backs. camp. The topgear of the copper workings stands dismantled and gaunt The majority could not even afford to take their and ghostly above the shafts, where once the morning and afternoon and valued household furniture. A few, still graveyard shifts of hardrock men relieved each other three times in every uncomprehending, as they left looked back at the double round of the clock. The glass is broken in the deserted saloons, deserted town that was once home. where hard workers drank hard and gambled hard.There is a silence in the Several weeks later, the city lay virtually de place where the mountain locomotives came and went between the mines serted; only one or two individuals, like old of the mountain and the smelters in the valley below, where the hard William Bambury unable to understand the mag panting of the exhaust and the shriek of the whistle woke the echoes nitude of the disaster, stayed on. The remainder among the steep hills. And in this deserted place, keeping company with of the town was eerily silent. Empty hotels waited the ghosts of Phoenix, stands the granite cenotaph, to keep the memory of in vain for patrons who would never return. Si miners who went from Phoenix to a grave in the marl of Flanders or the lent houses, still furnished and unlocked, stood chalk of France. forlornly in the autumn sun. They made a pilgrimage from Grand Forks onArmistice DayThe mayor So Phoenix waited patiently. The months and a handful of his neighbors climbed the mountain from the valley and turned into years, and the years into decades, and stood beside the lonely monument, standing sentinel-like in the ghostly still her inhabitants didn’t return. But the town camp. They stood in the name of the hundred thousand men who had hadn’t been completely forgotten. The scaven plied the miner’s pick and shovel in the time of Phoenix, and in their own. gers, the human vultures, saw their chance and They stood to remember the lively, bustling camp, which had last seen descended on the old city. Initially, the finest fur such days and nights in its time, which had dug a hundred million tons of niture was taken away, then other household ore from the deep workings and the “glory holes”, and which, in its de goods and other items of value. Finally, many of clining but still cheerful days, had sent its last men to fight in the Kootenay the buildings were torn down for their lumber. battalion.They kept the silence in memory of the men who had not come By the mid-1940s, much of the Phoenix of old back. And they sounded the Last Post, saluting the brave ghosts of Phoenix, had vanished and a decade later, physically, little who tread so softly on the broken and mouldering board walks, and who except the boardwalks remained. A thousand stand at attention before the granite memorial, where it looks down upon hands had dismantled the mining town, the place that was Phoenix. ‘‘ Strangely, this was the period that the Granby Company, the original mining company, chose Only the graveyard and the cenotaph remain in Phoenix. to return to Phoenix, to mine once more the The list of lost veterans on the cenotaph shows the names of: great ore body, which it had abandoned so many James Cochrane, Joseph Fleming, Elmo R. Geddes, Oscar Gustafson, years before. Today, at the site of historic Phoe Sidney Jennings, Anton Johnson, James C. Kempston, John Lindsay, nix, only a yawning open pit greets the eye. Of Roy A. MacDonald, Dudley MacMillan, Thomas Monahan, John A. the Phoenix of old, there is not a trace.’ Parr O.M. Pittendrich, James Pitpladdy and Fred Wilkinson.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 15
16 No. 3 -VOL.33 NEWS HISTORICAL BC
and stable.
ideals.” 4 executive high
bill.
grocery his to
pay ing enough made barely Sercus stage (Forpaws)
and literacy.. vaulting
ambition
possesses .who
boat
build
but
House, Boat Kemphill Stevenson’s Opposite page: Adolph
limited a writes,
of born is “He
peasant Belgian
out
He
bought Hotel. the to
Kootenay
to
another. one Bambury
spoke they years, never
Bans bury
additions
including buildings, constructing several
Centre:
for only
many in
H. Phoenix residents the permanent William
Nelson around did work carpentry the He ice.
and were
Forepaw
Bambury
Although Forepaw.
by
to
cut pieces nearly was boat in yet the April,
different had
about feelings very Bambury
early was
It 1891. in to Nelson on then and bia
spected. 3
1951. vember
Colum the down a boat He son. came and built
Grand
Gazette, Forks No 1
re is and he
owns. liked He erties
everywhere
in Nel the
at
the by excitement Museum. Greenwood became attracted he
prop the to
of some spring
work Spokane from
to May is 31 now 1949 1950
Donald, around work contract some doing After
The from diary 10
December
here him every
brings faith
abiding His process.
Lakes.
ofArrow head the BC,
at by rail to Donald,
memory.
the
in
became wealthy he
centage of prospectors,
very because tory his of good
Canada across way
his
He as a made carpenter.
per
huge the unlike And of Phoenix. prosperity
is an his interesting of source
trade
the building to
apprenticed
He
was Parisian.
his Guelph.He professorship in
subsequent
the due was and perseverance faith
SS
the
on 1887
17
March
on for Canada
left Grand has from in retired Forks
to
his dogged and to here reach known ever man
He Greenwood and Phoenix. Bambury
School,
Diocesan at
Portsea
educated
white
the first after hours two was of 1891 about a on hood farm between
and
in 1867
England,
in
Portsmouth, Born
child spent and Phoenix his
summer in the arrival His this copper bonanza. 2
carpenters. union
was in born Bob Forshaw of mention
of
and development subsequent discovery first
1904. little but professionals, and
managers, politicians,
the
Forks Grand July
for credit take Gazette, 30 can 82) (now Denzler Bob
6
mine people, of business stories can find
years.We
published.
in 1933: wrote
working his during to the BC intends
experienced letters have
he ever
then
Bob of Denzler,
admirer a great Bambury,
trip southern through pecting
recognition more him given has 30 years over
pros of giving this details letters
War Two.
for
Phoenix in
existence
solitary
His
Phoenix.
the of the Wash., Falls, owner
World
after just
Greenwood
in
opened which
of of H.H.E. Metaline heydays Bright in the his life of is known much
too
Hospital Outpost Denzler Robert
hand.
Not Phoemx. of resident sole the
his
he had severed He before it
the possible made will his from
as
Bambury left Wiffiam That
a have connection. circus had
Money 1944. March on 21 death
his
may name commonly used.The Shea. Eugene friend
until Phoenix in the is most ent ways.”Forepaw” summers the and
his
beside
cemetery Phoenix
differ many is
in spelled Sercu
Spokane in the winters spent Denzler
the in buried was and 1942
of ibid. Adolf nickname The
1919,
in Phoenix of the
closure
ter
Three “The Bachelors.” titled
August in died caretaker Belgian
by Bambury 1933. Letter ber Mines.Af Drop Gold and
Rawhide
years.This 23 for city ghost the
4 Novem Sun, The Vancous’er
the in involved was also He
named.
guarded zealously and Phoenix Phoenix. of
was city the which after
it Phoenix,
discoverers the are considered of constable and
mayor claimed
Hotter
and Mat White Henry
renamed and Mine
King Silver
the
2
self—ac the was
Forepaw smith.
considerably.
over took He city of
the
founders
vary black local figures a by The population fashioned was
the of one
is considered and
1891
wore he then hook iron off.The
in to Phoenix came
Bob
Derizier
blown was hand his and charged
H.
Bambury.
William resident,
last
1995 1 Report, tory, dis
accidentally
It barrel. the by
3 5h
the and known),
was
he by
which
His
Boundary in lished wagon a of out shotgun 12-gauge a
pulling
while
the
name was
(“Forepaw”
Sercu Adolf
Denzler, pub articles three
lost he hand the replacing hook iron the
with
Robert people: of a such is story
summary three
had we
Phoenix
man the Forepaç about tell to a story
has
nix
In country.This Boundary
future. the for hopes
on their or
memories
Phoe to
visitor
Every city the to
visitors
lenge
the
of
history the
on
on their on, living
hang
old-timers a
few
that
chal would he can, tin a from star made
sheriff’s
and articles books ous
towns ghost of
characteristics
the
of is
one It
his wearing and rifle 30-30 a
Carrying
seriously.
numer published have
streets.
role his
took
He home. his made he
where
hail
Jim Glanville
husband
untrodden
and
buildings
vacant with
town
ghost
city steepled the to cabin his
from
moved
He her
and Federation,
a
FOR become had Phoenix
1920 by
but
ants, 1
duty that for chosen was Historical Forepaw Columbia and
year
one
inhabit 1,500
with city
a
bustling was
for the British of watchman president town a appoint to established
was
Phoenix
to 1919,
1896 from
years,
23
a former Glanville, Alice fund a 1919, in Phoenix of closure the After
by Glanville Alice
Resident Last Phoenix’s Bambury: William He was carpenter fore man at the Silver King Mine, but quit in July 1894, and went pros pecting that fall.5 His diary indicates that Bambury came to Greenwood from Nel son in 1899. He located in Phoenix probably in 1902, and that was his home until his death in 1951. He came to Phoenix to build spiral staircases for risers in the mines—a very specialized trade. December 10, 1949. Kept a fire in the bedroom all night with no Bambury was recognized as “a man ofpolished education and entirely satisfactory results altho’ no ice formed in the room. It widely read” and”.. .a delegate for the Socialist Party for the was different in the other bedroom where I had to use an axe in purpose ofnominating someone to represent the Socialist Party the bathtub before I could take my bath. By this time I decided for the federal House.”6 that remaining in Phoenix any longer was futile. I cut two lengths Bambury lived for a short time at what he called ofplank 2” by 10’ and selected all the indispensable items, most of which Middlegarth, a few miles south and west of Phoenix.There he I packed in my leather grip and the rest in two cotton sacks which I linked together over my lived with a prospector,Jim Cordy.As Bambury was into spir shoulder and set out for Greenwood at 15:20, arrived in Greenwood at 17:20. itualism and seances, he would have the dream as to where the At the age of 82 he walked the five miles down the mineral was located, and Jim Cordy did the work. It seemed hill. Some of the indispensable items he took with him were that once again he had little money and would work a few ABS&C tablets, sal hepatica, dictionary, hymns, ear picker, Roget’s days on the road to earn some money. He then took up resi The saurus, Bible, map, correspondence, Mining Act and dence in one of the finer homes in Phoenix, Dr. Boucher’s McLeanc Magazine.8 home, and lived there rent- and tax—free and would send the The mines at Phoenix were reworked at that time and Fred repair and tax bills to Mrs. Boucher. That is the place where Mahoney would help Bambury with the move to Green most of us remember him with all his newspapers and maga wood. After the winter, when it was time to return zines piled to the ceiling, with only a small passageway through to Phoe nix, Fred Mahoney was there again to help him out. In to the kitchen. On his home he nailed a card with “Phoenix, spring Bambury happily went back to Phoenix because, as he said: BC” written on it. The yard was stacked with old lumber, “After all it is my home.” He lived on his Old Age Pension of rusty nails, and other salvage that the residents of Phoenix had $50 a month and that paid for his room, his meals, his left behind. ciga rettes, and his reading material. A careful accounting of his Bob Forshaw7 tells of mailing many letters for Bambury to expenditures is given for each day. For most days the total was Member ofParliament,Agnes McPhail, MLA Rupert Haggen, under $1 but it would be over when he bought cigarettes, C.M. Campbell, the former mine manager at Phoenix and reading material, and stamps. others.An eccentric and opinionated person, Bambury would In the spring of 1950, after the winter in Greenwood, Fred put on the stamp of King George VI upside down out of Mahoney, and Albert Lucerne drove him back to Phoenix. loyalty to whom he considered the true King of England, Mahoney told Bambury that they were going right back and EdwardVIII. He would often visit the Forshaw household on didn’t know when they would be seeing him again. They his way to or from Greenwood. They would feed him, visit were not going to pump the mine before leaving. Bambury for a while, and then leave him reading and making notes and realized that it meant a permanent shutdown; however, he felt corrections on the articles he read. Then, around 2 A.M., he he was lucky to have his goods brought up. He died the next would continue the four-mile walk to Phoenix. year, 1951, and was buried in the Phoenix cemetery at his He was living this solitary existence in Phoenix from the request.9 time the city was closed in 1919 to the early 1940s. At that On 11 July 1999, a cavalcade of cars drove the winding, time it was becoming increasingly more difficult for him to steep road from Greenwood to Phoenix for the dedication of remain in Phoenix during the severe winters. In his diary of the headstone for William Bambury almost 50 years after his 1949 he describes very vividly one of his trips to Greenwood death. The mournful tones of a lone piper could be heard to spend the winter in Room 28 of the Windsor Hotel: from the deep valley below in recognition of the last resident of Phoenix. ““
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 17 A Token History: The Hotel Brooklyn of Phoenix, BC by Ronald Greene
The Boundary Tourism T WAS exploration for gold that brought people to stroyed by fire. Following this, George Rumberger, who Action Committee is the Greenwood area in the late 1880s, and by 1891 owned the Phoenix Hotel, and James Marshall built a hosting a celebration I there was activity on the mountain above and to new Brooklyn Hotel on the site previously occupied fron 4 to 6 August the east of Greenwood, at what was called Greenwood by the two hotels. Eugene Shea moved over to the 2000 on the occasion Camp. But it was copper that paid the rent—so to Bellevue Hotel.The new Brooklyn Hotel maintained of the Centennial of speak. Matthew Hotter and Henry White staked the its reputation as the most prestigious hotel in the city. Phoenix, BC. As Old Ironsides and Knob Hill claims in 1891 andJohn James Marshall managed it until early 1918, with a Phoenix is one of the Stevens located the Victoria claim in 1894. In 1895 short absence around 1914 when he ran the Strathcona better known ghost these claims came into the hands of promoter Jay P. Hotel in Nelson. Rumberger, who had been absent towns in this province Graves of Spokane. Graves interested S.H.C. Miner of from Phoenix for a number ofyears, following his other the occasion should the Granby Rubber Company of Granby, Quebec in interests in a prairie brewery, returned to operate the prove interesting.The backing the venture. The resultant company became hotel when Marshall left forVancouver inJanuary 1918. city was incorporated the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power The hotel closed in April 1918, probably greatly af on 11 October 1900. Company, Limited.A small town sprang up as a mine fected by prohibition. was developed from the claims. Because of confusion Following the end of the First World War condi between the names Greenwood and Greenwood Camp tions conspired against Phoenix. The price of copper there was an application to change the name to dropped sharply; a strike in the Crows Nest coal mines, Brooklyn, which was rejected since there was a short- which provided the coke for smelting the ore, and the lived railway boom town with that name. The next fact that the Phoenix mines were high-cost mines due application asked for either Knob Hill or Phoenix and to the relatively low-grade ore, led the company to the post office selected the latter name in 1898. The close the mine. The lack of work created an exodus, city, located at an altitude ofalmost one mile, was some and by mid 1919 the city was deserted by all but two times referred to as the Highest City in Canada. Its residents. The buildings were to serve as a source of population peaked in 1908 at about 1,700 persons but windows, doors, and lumber for Boundary area resi the boundaries used by various population reports dents for many years after. varied, and as a result the figures are often quite at Granby returned to Phoenix in the mid 1950s and, odds from one census or population report to the next using open-pit methods, which were better suited than and difficult to compare.Two railways came into Phoe tunneffing to the low-grade ores, removed many thou nix, the C.PR. arriving in May 1900, and the Great sands of tons of ore until 1978, when the ore was de Northern in February 1905. There were other mines pleted and the mine closed once again.As the ore body in and around Phoenix, but Granby was the dominant was directly underneath the town site all signs of the company. They chose to build their smelter at Grand city have long since vanished.The cenotaph memorial Forks and it was blown in in August 1900. to those Phoenicians who fell in First World War was The town grew into a “city” to be incorporated on moved to a new site overlooking the open pit. The 11 October 1900. At the beginning of the same year cemetery remains on the road down to Greenwood. WI Kaake had opened the Columbia Hotel, but when In the upper part is the stone monument to Eugene he leased it out the name was changed to the Metro Shea, who died in 1911. The Boundary Historical politan Hotel.The hotel was located in the LowerTown Society has recently taken significant steps to repair section, directly in front of what later became the site some of the natural deterioration and results of van ofthe Great Northern station. By the end of 1900, the dalism in the cemetery. Marshall Lake is named after hotel was being operated by Hugh McGuire as the James Marshall. Hotel Brooklyn. The name was taken from the The Hotel Brooklyn token is made of aluminum, Brooklyn Mine which was located a short distance 28Y2 nun in diameter. Its attractive design and the above the hotel. In May 1903 James Marshall and ghost-town origin make it one of the more desirable Eugene P Shea leased the hotel, and it was not long British Columbia tokens, even though it is not rare.’’ Above: The Hotel before it developed a solid reputation as the pre-emi See the photograph onfront cover showing the interior of Brooklyn token is made of nent hotel in the Boundary Country. the bar of the second Hotel Brooklyn with James Marshall aluminum, 2834 mm in On the morning of 14 February 1905 the Hotel standing behind the bar on the riht. diameter Brooklyn and the Phoenix Hotel next door were de—
18 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -Voc. 33 No.3 The Gold Rush Pack Trail of i86i by Marie Elliott
Born of necessity in the spring of 1861, the gold rush pack trail to Antler Creek and beyond re Marie Elliott,a former mained a lifeline for the residents of East Cariboo for over haIfa century. Ajoint effort be editor of BC Historical tween the merchants and packers in East Cariboo and the colonial government, it was also the News, has published first recorded instance of government funding for public works in the region. two books on Gulf Island history. Her history of Cariboo gold URING the first exciting years of the his limited financial resources. Douglas approved mining (working title Cariboo gold rush, 1859 and 1860, vol a grant of $2,000 for improving the trail, in June Carlboo East) will be D unteer labour quickly opened up the 1861. The merchants at Quesnel Forks and released this fall by Horsdal and Schubart. route from the Hudson’s Bay brigade trail to Keithley Creek subscribed a further $800.They See also Marie Elliott’s mining sites at Quesnel Forks, Horsefly River, also improved the existing pack trail from Beaver and Keithley Creek. The colonial government, article on Quesnel Lake to Little Lake and Quesnel Forks at their Forks in British hard-pressed to keep up with the ever-lengthen own expense. Samuel Adler, Frederick Black, Columbia Historical ing mining frontier, encouraged private enter Thomas Davidson, Thomas Spence, and David News, Volume 25 No.3. prise to build bridges and ferries. It granted the Kelley supervised construction of the trail, which right to charge tolls for two or three years in was completed by the end ofJuly. Quesnel Forks return for an annual rent. merchants Frederick Black and Thomas Carlyle Below: The two people In September 1860,four Keithley Creek min took responsibility for provisioning and paying most responsiblefor ers followed their hunches and found gold on the labourers, because gold commisioner Nind retracing the original gold Antler Creek, on the north side of the Snow did not have enough money on hand. As more rush trail are Gary and shoe Plateau.When word ofthe discoveries leaked strikes were made on Grouse, Williams, Light Lana Fox of Quesnel. For the past six years they out in mid-winter, the few dozen miners win ning, and other creeks that summer, the miners have spent every possible tering at Quesnel Forks and Keithley Creek im and packers extended the trail from Antler on mediately set out on snowshoes for the new summer weekend trudging their own initiative. through mud, battling Eldorado. They climbed two thousand feet out The pack trail was well used during the thickets of wild rhododen of Negro Valley (now Pine Valley) in order to Cariboo gold rush years, from 1861 to 1865. drons and climbing over cross the 6,000-foot summit of the plateau. The Thousands of miners, pack animals, cattle, and and under deadfalls. snow reached depths of ten feet or more. Assist ant gold commissioner Philip Henry Nind ar rived at Antler Creek in early March 1861 to find only one cabin, built by the discoverersJohn Rose, S.M. Bowen, Benjamin MacDonald, and James May. The rest of the miners were living in caves dug out of the snow banks. As the Antler Creek excitement grew, Gover— norJames Douglas worried that the miners would starve if provisions did not reach them soon enough. Few packers risked taking their horses over the difficult mountain route covered in fallen trees, and the mud was too deep for mule trains. In order to earn money and fill in time until spring break—up, miners and Native packers (men and women) backpacked loads of one hundred pounds each from Quesnel Forks, a distance of fifty miles. The emergency situation created by the ex tension of the mining frontier to Antler Creek of forced Governor James Douglas to use some Photo by M,ie Elliott
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 19 sheep created ruts more than a foot deep on the were fortunate to find many of the pioneer miri mountainsides. For the same reasons, where ani ers still working claims on Keitbley Creek, Little mals could spread out on the gentle slopes, the Snowshoe Creek, and at Barkerville.The old-tim ground has an uneven, washboard feeling under ers pointed out the sites of the discovery claims foot. Even when the Cariboo Road was com and the route of the original pack trail. Portions pleted to Soda Creek, and a less strenuous pack of the trail had fallen into disuse by this time. trail established from Quesnellemouth to Their information was carefully recorded with Richfield in 1862, packers still preferred the pla the topographical surveys. Bowman and McEvoy’s teau route. There was usually an abundance of maps were some of the important sources used grass and water in late summer, whereas all the when restoration of the pack trail began. pasture on the Quesnellemouth-to-Richfleld trail The two people most responsible for reltracing was consumed by that time ofthe year.A number the original trail are Gary and Lana Fox of ofstopping houses soon sprung up along the way. Quesnel. For the past six years they have spent For $1.50 a night a miner could obtain a meal, a every possible summer weekend trudging place on the floor to sleep, with an alpine meadow through mud, battling thickets of wild rhodo nearby for his mule or horse to graze. dendrons and climbing over and under deadfal[s. Over the next fifty years the colonial and pro Gary insisted that the trail follow the original vincial governments maintained major portions route exactly—no shortcuts using new logging of the pack trail because it was the vital link be access roads. Robin and Loretta Grady, executive tween residents of East Cariboo and Williams members of the Trail Committee, Friends of Creek. Judge Matthew Baiffie Begbie used the Barkerville, have enthusiastically helped with new trail to hear cases oflarceny and murder at Antler mapping and trail marking. Dave Falconer shared in the fall of 1861, and to reach Wiliiams Creek his extensive knowledge of Snowshoe Plateau in 1862. Assistant gold commissioners Philip trails, archaeology; and site preservation. Below:JamesJasper May, Nind, Peter O’Reilly, and Thomas Elwyn de The result is a challenging trail for hikers, es native of Missouri, was one pended on the route also to help maintain law tablished, as was the original route, with volun of thefirst miners to reach and order. Between 1863 and 1892 all mail de teer effort and a financial contribution from the Antler Creek in September livery came from Barkerville via the trail. And provincial government—the Forest Renewal 1860. He spent the rest of until medical facilities were introduced fund. his life mining in British at the Additional support came from West Frasr Columbia and died in Bullion Pit mine near Quesnel Forks in 1895, Mills, Quesnel, and the BC Forest Service. Hazelton in 1917, aged medical emergencies were handled by the Royal The inaugural hike to officially open the trail 85. Cariboo Hospital at Marysville, near Barkerville. took place on Labour Day weekend, 1999. It When it was time to have started from the trailhead at Weaver Creek. (Log some fun, miners working ging has damaged the section from Quesnel Forks on upper Keithley Creek to Weaver Creek). We began our trek back in found it just as easy to trek time with a tough, one hour climb out of Pine the 25 miles to Richfield to Valley—originally called Negro Valley became register their claims and two coloured men ran a stopping house here. spend a night on the town, One feels sorry for the pack horses that strug than to travel a similar dis gled to gain a footing in the thick, damp moss, tance to visit the govern and the utmost admiration for the Native men ment agent at Quesnel and women who carried one hundred pounds Forks—where the choice of of merchandise (for only $10 a trip) on snow saloons was limited. shoes. From the 6,000 foot summit of Base In an effort to develop Mountain the view of distant mountains arid the hard rock (quartz) min sweeping valleys is breathtaking. During the gold ing possibilities of the re rush the sight of snow-clad peaks and vast mead gion, Amos Bowman and ows of wildflowers may have comforted many James McEvoy conducted a homesick young men. joint geological survey of According to his map, Judge Begbie camped the Cariboo for the provin at the edge of the Snowshoe meadows in early cial and federal governments September 1861, before attempting the fifteen- in 1886 and 1887. They mile section of the trail to Antler Creek. Once Courtesy BC Archives — G-04489
20 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -Voc. 33 No.3 he had climbed Horse Left: Map of the Can boo shoe Nail Ridge he routes showing the 1861 would have enjoyed the gold rush pack trial. view of Breakneck Ridge to the west and noted the importance of Roundtop Moun tain to the east. Its unique shape is a dis tinctive marker for trav ellers at any location on the Plateau. Begbie could have rested at Leon’s Stopping House before making the two- mile descent to Antler Creek valley. The ruins ofthe rock chimney are all that remains of Leon’s isolated place. His rustic cabin must have been a welcome sight for packers who had toiled their way up the mountain from Antler, returning in the opposite direction to Quesnel Forks. Antler Creek is de serted now; but when Begbie arrived in Sep tember 1861 there were
Cathy Chapin — Lakehead University,Thunder Bay sixty to seventy houses. HIKING NOTES He was so impressed with the miners’ conduct train carrying goods from Quesnelle City here.” The trail is well marked. that on his return to Quesnel Forks he wrote to Thomas Glennon was not so lucky. Like Cain, Day hikes from the the Colonial Secretary: Glennon had arrived on Antler Creek in the trailheads at Weaver “I was very glad to see the men so quiet and spring of 1861. But unfortunately his partner, Creek and Richfield are orderly; old Downie looked really almost aghast, Jeremiah Bulger was a terrible bully. After en easily made. Hikers he said they told me it was like California in ‘49. during four months of abuse, Glennon fatally should dress for the Why you would have seen all those fellows roar stabbed Bulger in the abdomen.The sympathetic vagaries of mountain weather and bring ing drunk, and pistols and knives in every hand. I miners allowed Glennon to escape. Begbie issued mosquito repellent never saw a Mining Town like this. There were a writ for his arrest when he reached Antler in and bear spray. If you some hundreds in Antler, all sober and quiet. It September, but by that time Glennon was safely plan to backpack the was Sunday afternoon—only a few claims were out ofthe countryAlthough 1,500 to 2,000 lilen entire 40-kilometre worked that day. It was as quiet as Victoria.” and a few Native women travelled over the pack route you must be Besides Begbie, there are other ghosts we might trail during the summer of 1861, the only death physically fit. For trail encounter on the trail. Pioneer Horsefly River recorded on Antler Creek was that of Bulger. information send a miner Dennis Cain, for one. “You can do better The last section of the pack trail, extended by large, self-addressed up here,” he wrote to his friend John McLellan, miners and packers from Sawmill Flat on Antler envelope to: “No less than 10 of our Horsefly boys are doing Creek to Williams Creek, crosses Racetrack Flat R. Grady,Trail Committee, Friends of well... .You know how I was dead broke last fall; before ascending the south flank of Bald Moun Barkerville, Airport Site, paying from to a tain.The flat was obviously named now I have a claim $75 $100 because a few RO. Box 28, Quesnel, day to the hand, a store on the creek, and a pack ofthe miners who owned horses raced them here. B.C.V2J SF6.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 21
3 22 No. NEWS BC -VOL.33 HISTORICAL
period. the to settlement ity ‘“
rade:’
stabil boom, bringing mining beyond the ward
a
to show com departed respect and
kindness
for carried were generosity tive, and cooperation,
to
a feet bald
do 500 the bogs, over
mountain
initia Their physical labour. and subscriptions
swamp and up
and over precipices trail,
rough
personal with assistance any government match
corpse
the miles 8 the and
over who borne had
to willing were packers and miners, merchants,
up had
time valuable given who 40
their miners
the that He learned spent. also was money well
to of the “It
some see pleasing
procession was
for region the grant government first that the
his
in Hills shanks R.J.
diary: wrote and Dundas.
him assure to others and on He Begbie relied
Sheep-
service:
John George the conduct Hills,
rush. gold the Cariboo during the visited never
to
waited less three No afternoon.
ministers than
Douglas James Governor sure responsibilities, of
by to at burial
site the reach order in daybreak
pres
and
the involved distance the of Because
Creek left
Williams
would
have funeral
cortege
event. entertaining but formal, a duct
also.The at be to
was
Maloney’s buried wish last
con to
be upon relied always could Begbie Judge
his
August, at
in Camerontown Emmory died
Richfield,
at session in was court lar If books.
When Jack
to
Creek. the Williams ering
popu
of selection a and good newspapers in latest
deliv in
after May, of died press. exhaustion He
the
offered
library and room reading girl. The
Ex
Pony Dan
by Braley’s employed mailmen,
a
hurdy-gurdy
with dancing perhaps and
whiskey,
the
earliest of was one Ross 1862. in John Ross
is Antler marked.
of
drink a
sharing
friends, up old with meeting
map and
East
of Cariboo. Emmory Jack for resting as place final the
1860s:
in
the of
civilization
idea was miner’s the
Baillie Begbie
Matthew
chosen was Maloney’s behind
bench tryA gravel
here us
that
reminds
of
Barkerville and
bustle
of section Above: A
coun the in
wall clock boasted first the that house
hustle the
mountains, the
of
isolation
quiet the
stopping
Maloney’s ofTom ruins the Nearby are
After Creek. at Williams ends trail pack The
1930s. the in Quartz mine Gold Cariboo the
opened Wells Fred until successful not was ing I —
min gold Hard-rock development. hampered nia
Califor in foundries to connections railway and
roads wagon of lack but industr mining Cariboo
the to improve as way a 1863 early as as touted
was mining Quartz gold. placer had Plateau shoe
Snow of the sides both on creeks most suring
en
lodes, mother the various eroded glaciers ago,
—
years of Millions
Canada. of Survey / Geological /
/ the of Struik by Bert recently more but man,
Bow by mapped originally formation the of part
is quartz The Barkerville. of north just to Wells, _/
Lake Cariboo from ranges which belt”, the “gold
in
located are trail pack the near outcrops ous
JI
vari the All
gold. of signs for checked / be beg to
I -
Ridge Nail Horseshoe
and Mountain on Base
j
‘J
those to similar outcrops Quartz years. rush gold
the during cattle and sheep to pasture used were
.jj
:
Creek Williams near meadows alpine The cabin.
shepherd’s a perhaps Mountain, Proserpine on
passed are ruins way. More the along note to tures
:\
fea interesting are There difficult. not is Creek
Williams to ofthejourney rest the reached is mit
,ø*&____,•_
,‘
sum the once but steep, is climb The
•-•
Flat. track
/
.
f
.
Race ‘)•
from Mountain
Bald
eascend we
friends,
‘cc
-‘a4,/
i’e,;
..
•/
..-
sr.
Emmory’s
by I taken route same the Using
V I,.
1 _L’’ valley. the across echoed
/
past,”
ages in help God, our “0 hymn, familiar
———— %.
rJ
the of words the service, the of end the At Archives & Archivists Edited by Frances Gundry
MAKING THE PAST ACCESSIBLE: THE BRIT chives in which they are presently situated. archives in BC, along with links to vari ISH COLUMBIA ARCHWAL NETwoRK In some cases, links from the BCAUL de ous galleries ofphotographs mounted on scriptions can be made to entire archival find Since 1993, the archival community in various archival Web sites in the prov ing aids associated with the records being de BC, under the auspices of the Archives ince. scribed, including online file lists and item Association ofBritish Columbia (AABC), OTHER ON-LINE REsoURcEs: The descriptions of material. has been working towards providing re AABC also maintains on its Web site a The BCAUL was also designed to help searchers with the ability to use the variety of other resources to serve re archives large and small in the province adapt Internet to gather information about ar searchers and archivists in the province. to new national standards for describing ar chival material and archival institutions A VIRTUAL EXHIBITS section provides in chival material and to show how these stand throughout the province. The resulting formation and links to sites where archi ards could be used as the basis for informa val on-line BC ARCHIVAL NETwoRK, acces material has been displayed and in tion exchange across the province. Since that sible on the World Wide Web at http:// terpreted on-line. The ARcHIvEs IN THE initial design, the BCAUL system has devel aabc.bc.ca, has become a model for the NEWS section of the site provides infor oped to provide information exchange developing nationwide project, the Ca mation about the activities of archives in among provinces and territories, through the nadian Archival Information Network, the province as published in newspapers Canadian North West Archival Network and has raised the profile of archives in and press releases. The OTHER RE (http://aabc.bc.ca/aabc/icaul.html). Re BC and the value of archival records as SOURCES section provides links to a vari searchers can now search general descriptions the documentary evidence of the past. ety of other information of interest to of archives in BC, Alberta and theYukon in The Network enables researchers from researchers and historians in the province. an integrated fashion in order to locate in every corner of the province and from The Archives Association of BC has formation about archival material in the three around the world to discover what archi also actively worked to create on-line re westernmost provinces/territories ofCanada. val material in the province is publicly sources for the use of people working TheAABC’s GUIDE TO ARcHIvAL REPOSI with available and how it may be accessed. archival material for historical soci TORIES IN BRITISH CoLUMBIA is another on The BC Network was designed to be eties, museums, and small community ar line resource created and maintained to pro chives. inclusive ofarchival institutions across the These educational resources have vide current information to researchers about province, large and small, and now in received international acclaim, and in archival institutions in BC. Easy-to-use in cludes information about the availability clude the on-line ARcHIvIST’S TOOLKIT dexes allow users ofarchives to find out which of archives in 185 different repositories (http://aabc.bc.ca/aabc/toolkit.html ), a repositories in the province might be of in in all regions ofBC.The work ofthe Ar hands-on resource which provides exam terest for their particular research needs. The chivesAssociation ofBC has been funded ples of policies, procedures, forms, case guide provides entries for 183 archival insti by the provincial government through the studies, and published material useflil for tutions in BC, with contact information and British Columbia Archives and its Com the person working as a volunteer in a a summary of the kinds of records each ar munity Archives Advisory and Training small archives setting. The Toolkit also chives acquires and makes accessible to the program and by the federal government provides appropriate links to theAABC’s public.The guide is regularly maintained and through the National Archives ofCanada on-line MANUAL FOR SMALL ARCHIVES. is available at http : //aabc.bc.ca/aabc/ and the Canadian Council ofArchives. AABC PRoGp.sMs AND SERVIcES: From bcguide.html. HOMEPAGE The BRITIsH COLUMBIA ARCHIVAL the AABC at http:// The WEB SITEs OF ARCHIvEs IN BRITISH aabc.bc.ca/aabc/,Web UNIoN LIsT (BCAUL), available on the surfers can also find CownIA Web page of the AABC site pro web at: http://aabc.bc.ca/aabc/ comprehensive information about the vides annotated links toWeb sites established bcaul.htrnl, is the cornerstone of the BC many programs and services of the Ar by individual archival institutions in the prov Archival Network and provides research chives Association of British Columbia, ince. Over 45 archives in the province now ers with the ability to search general de as well as read the quarterly issues of the have their ownWeb sites, providing research scriptions of archival material in 163 ar AABC NEwsLETTER. For more informa ers with comprehensive information about chives in BC. The BCAUL acts as a reg tion on the many programs, services and their activities and holdings. istry of archival records and from these activities of the Association, people are The BRrnsn COLuu3IA HISToRIcAl, PHO descriptions, researchers are able to de asked to consult with the appropriate of TOGRAPHS ONLINE page of the AABC Web termine where these records are held, how ficers of the AABC as listed on the OR site provides links to searchable historical they can find more detailed information GANIZATION PAGE of the site (http:// photograph databases created by individual about them, and how to contact the ar aabc.bc.ca/aabc/org.htnil). BILL PURvER Bill Purver is coordinator of the BC Archival Network Services Program. For more information about the Web resources created by the AABC and future, Internet-based projects envisioned by the Association contact him by e-mail at [email protected], or by telephone at (604) 876-9150.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 23
24
-VoL.33 HISTORICAL NEWS BC No.3
needed was and space course soon due in the cles.
terests the of Columbia Irrigated Valley ‘‘
guests a comfortably small housed. work can in spirit However, mira town more minor mine near the Wilmer, in the of promotion
that after five—and a of eight— shortly with home. adaptation heritage Community company. He devoted his to himself Paradise
home sisted.The is It was summer. inJanuary and an 1961 opened preservation of example house only he his had Chinese for houseboy
and Masonic Club, Lodge Pynelogs groups other each as tourists of attracts hundreds Bruce When Robert moved new his into
S200 each. Women’s Institute, The ago. a almost years Kinnette hundred centrator rock enclosure within sight Pynelogs. of
asked furnish were zations to about at aThunder beams on rooms Hill con from brought twenty be to months a buried handsome in
the nFebruary in 1960.Valley property heritage organi standing is the ery, building firmly ing husband arranged only for of wife his
was by took and Services over formed Social and scen gardens graced lakeside pleasant it overseas, troops serving griev Her I. inWW
elderly for citizens.TheWindermere completed. repairs Refurbished, District were and pendix. only The doctor the in was district
Coy to Pynelogs that a was become room renovations reopened, home other and and and Elizabeth ill fell a of ap died ruptured
the heard Dr. recommendations zens of tea the Rotary FE. kitchen, Club the upgraded the home still was unfinished, Lady when
Chamber concerned Commerce of citi and to restore to building help usefulness.The the bay front in of Pynelogs. By 1915 September
a 1958 In hospital meeting the of and board, for argued munity pleaded and clucked on a houseboat, the Isabella, nthe in moored
again. Valley com ermere The to funds. for lobby home was from far completed so lived they
needed. was one lay Pynelogs the in cultural empty Then devotees moved ished Wind arrived in on May Invermere 14 1914.Their
1937. a hospital the well The served be larger could thought until demol Pynelogs that The and newlyweds Algeria in honeymooned
cially Day on and opened Board threat May in Coronation Health the The from at Upton in 6 Pynes England 1914. on January
was It Hospital. Bruce Lady sununer. offi Memorial in tioned married the at church her on estate parents’
tearoom building and The stress. under the renovations, func the renamed for financial beside Bruce and Lady were it. Elizabeth
thrived, the agreed, a centre tion He become could although cultural paid hospital. it ofLakeWindermere tiny Dorothy with Lake
administra Pynelogs he if ask volunteer donate Under tre. to dedicated so would Bruce bay a Pynelogs above rose end north the near
cen value cultural the Robert of approached of acknowledged Citizens the Invermere system, every and available. convenience
community The of lay those artists. number ing Pynelogs Most local empty years Japan. of indoor an plumbing, sewer a extensive garden,
a to exposure grow to weekly changed minister was give to Canada’s as appointed Bruce was 1942”).The home to light, electric have
were Displays events. 1937 community In the of and family. railway Home Van 30:3 1- 186 News Bruce: “Robert Randoif
plays concerts, small art for of venue displays, R.B. Bagley Edith widow Molson, ried Lady Elizabeth Historical BC Northcote (See
as the invaluable proved soon he house The year mar 1931.That until post edthat held as Bruce bride, for intended the home his
lease. a for council village to applied and tre Columbia. He governor lieutenant British of was for Pynelogs Randolph built Robert
cen cultural a as potential Pynelogs’ ognized was appointed Robert 1926 Bruce In ley.” go. to else
rec Council Arts Valley Columbia The Val “Happy in called he what progress ing nowhere faced with Council eviction Arts
time. spell activity the any and hospital, schools, and tops noleum replaced.The counter were
some
for vacant was again Pynelogs retirees. to the church, his generous very was He li be could kitchen the opened unless not
senior for
facility larger a built government and concerns. community to Ltd., Fruidands tearoom the needed and rooms renovations
bath Public the Inspector declared Health
I
a The was fundraiser. tearoom major The
and plays, performances. drama small musical
dis art a the for as centre cultural building I
used Valley Council Arts Columbia The
mour.
the ru His started had down.” burn words it
to better do had “We’d councillor One said:
funds. of scope the district beyond repairs
needed problem.The a building had council
district be I The demolished. aghast! was
to was the 1977, of
since Village Invermere
by operated Pynelogs, and that owned culate ii
cir to started a year Last rumour Invermere.
4
in of buildings one is heritage two PYNEL0Gs
ByWinnifred Ariel Weir
Pynelogs Report Letters to the Editor
Best Article in BC Historical News Adequate trucks did not arrive in any number after the Second World War that the golden As recommended by the judges, this yearc an until the war years. Even as late as 1922 years ofhighway building and trucking took nual award for the article, published in British heavy-duty trucks were described as “heavy off, as described in my book The Coast Con Columbia Historical News, that best enhances metal monsters with 14-inch solid tires.”They nection. It was then that the railway went into knowledge of BCc history was conferred to Dt were so cumbersome and unsafe that in 1924 decline. However, one can hardly blame the Joyce Clean huefor her article “Fort Victoria and the Ontario Government announced that in politicians for not pushing road transporta H.B. Co. Doctors”published in Volume 32 No. 1. 1926 they would introduce legislation lim tion before then, as the reviewer suggests. Dt Clearihue, who received the award in person iting them to eight tons in weight and a speed R.G. HARVEY, VIcToRIA BC in Port Alberni, wrote to the editor: limit of 15 miles per hour. The operating speed of the trucks was actually about nine Through you may I thank the British BC Historical News, Volume 33 No. 2 miles per hour, and less on hills because of Columbia Historical Federation for the won A comment on Ron Weiwood’s article the inefficiency in traction and braking derftil honour of receiving your “Certificate power “Big Little Cherry.” of the solid tires.These were hardly the of Merit” plus the cheque and two dinner kind Ron Welwood’s report of the Little of vehicles challenging the railways for long- tickets at the recent annual meeting. I felt Cherry disease doesn’t mention that distance transport in the interior ofBC. quite humble at this “unexpected triumph!” Kootenay Lake’s niild climate had much to Given the incapability ofthese vehicles to do with the arrival of this virus. The 500- JOYCE CLEARIHuE, VIcToRIA BC operate over long distances I am at a loss to foot deep lake that never freezes (except the understand how the reviewer can talk about BC Historical News, Volume No. 2 west arm) produces warmer winter overnight 33 failure to create all-weather trunk highways I write to you about the review of my lows than anywhere else in the interior of in the interior of BC before the last war. In book, Carving the Western Path by Rivei Rail, BC. these years prior to the last war, longer and and Road Through B. C.s Southern Mountains, The Japanese flowering cherries were lightly settled trunk highway—sections in your Spring 2000 issue. readily available from coast nurseries. My fa through the mountains were closed through The reviewer praises my book as a whole, ther, Arthur Lymbery, the owner of Gray out the winter.This included the Fraser Can but complains of mostly unspecified “inac Creek Store, was an agent for Layritz Nurs yon road and the road through Monashee curacies,” suggesting that the employment of ery ofVictoria from approximately 1920 to Pass between Vernon and Edgewood. The a “technical editor” would have remedied 1968. In 1931 he planted one ofthe Hisakura trucks and graders of that period were just that. My comment is that, as the reviewer variety and grafted it to several more seed not capable ofplowing snow at speed over a must know by experience, techmcal writers ling cherries, however these were not close distance. In such areas as the Kootenays and mostly sink or swim by their own technical to his cherry orchard. the Cariboo an effort was made to keep the concepts, and rarely find acceptable assistance BC government horticulturist Dr.Wilkes, roads open through heavy snow areas. The or adequate technical expertise in their stationed in Creston, spent many years re beloved Cat 60 tractor was a willing work specialty. As all other authors they rely on as searching the disease, and it was he who set horse (as described in my book The Coast challenging and first-class editing of a gen up William Fraser’s Kootenay Bay orchard as Connection), but it was too small and under eral nauture as I received. As far as the al a test plot. Wilkes would come to our or powered, and it was often weeks before ac leged inaccuracies are concerned I would chard to collect buds from trees that were cess was restored between centres after a prefer to personally discuss those with the still producing good-sized fruit. He propa heavy snowstorm.The suggestion that in the reviewer, but I would like respond to the gated a “Kootenay Bay Lambert” that he to first quarter of the twentieth—century inter criticisms of substance in the review. found was resistant to the virus. only nal combustion vehicles could be used on reviewer suggests that I failed miser The Gray Creek area was not affected until The any imaginary all-weather highways in BC not sufficiently emphasizing the “tre about 1943. Soon more and more trees were ably by is ridiculous for one more reason. It was not mendous technological upheaval in highway producing the small, almost tasteless. cher until 1926 that the first anti-freeze was in construction methods” and a nascent long- ries. What to do with this fruit? We did ship troduced—a wood alcohol solution that oc distance trucking challenge to the railroad some to the processing plant at Harrop, casionally blew off the radiator caps. hegemony that existed already in the decade where they were put into barrels of brine, The trucking industry in Canada took off prior the FirstWorldWar but “gained great then shipped to the coast to be made into to in 1926, just in time for the restoration of momentum in the post-war years.” For those maraschino cherries, but it didn’t pay well. access between the lower mainland of BC unfamiliar with the timing of the arrival of I can remember Robert Foxall, manager of and its interior by the re-opening in 1927 of trucks suitable to use trunk highway sys Associated Growers in Nelson, explaining the a the Fraser Canyon road fromYale to Spences tem in the interior of BC, I recommend an situation to a Little Cherry meeting at Gray Bridge, which had been destroyed by the excellent book, The Golden Years of 7i’ucking, Creek Hall, about 1947. He explained that Canadian Pacific Railway. Unfortunately the published by the Ontario Trucking Associa in Italy for instance, large families would sit Great Depression and the war put an end to this book suggests, prior to the First around a table and de-stone the fruit with tion.As this initial burst in road transportation and World War heavy duty internal combustion small spoons, producing a much superior highway construction, and it was not until transport vehicles were few even in Ontario. maraschino than BC’i machines.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 25 This discussion brought to an end com mercial production on Kootenay Lake, though we did ship a few crates in 1948.We $t. continued to produce and ship Italian Prune, Jonathan and Wagner apples until 1968 but “I’ these only gave us a tiny revenue, compared ‘ 4. to the heydays of the big cherries. In the i• U 1930s and early 1940s, through two weeks in July, we would pick cherries in the morn ‘i. ing, pack in the early afternoon, and load the wooden crates on Nelson CrestonTransport’s Winners of the daily “Cherry Special” truck. This would British Columbia Historical Federation catch the 4.30 P.M. sailing ofthe S.S. Nasookin, writing and if the fruit passed weighing and inspec competition for books on BC history tion by Foxall’s staff it would be loaded on a published in ‘999 reefer car of the eastbound Medicine Hat and Nelson CPR passenger train that left Nel son at midnight. Those super cherries could Lions Gate then be on sale in Prairie cities the next day. It was a surprise to all of us when Dr. Lilia D’Acres and Donald Luxton Wilkes established that Litde Cherry was a Talon Books virus brought by the Japanese flowering va Lieutenant-Governor’s Medal for Historical Writing rieties. He made a trip to Japan, in the hope First Place in BCHF Writing Competition offinding a resistant species. However, he told me that the Japanese fruiting cherries were of the “Royal Anne” type, a tight coloured Historical Atlas of British Columbia and the Pacflc Northwest fruit of good size, but too soft for conimer Derek Hayes cial shipment in Canada. He also explained Cavendish Books: (604) 515-8835 that the Japanese industry was most labour Runner—up intensive. Large families would wrap the fruit Second Prize in BCHF Writing Competition in newspaper, after the cherries had “set,” in order to keep off flies and birds. CougarAnnies Garden When Dr. Wilkes was transferred to Vernon from Creston, he gave me some of Margaret Horsfield (for the Boat Basin Foundation) Books the flowering trees he had been experiment Salal (250) 753-9666 Runner-up ing with saying “they won’t survive winters Prize in Creston.” Second in BCHF Writing Competition TOM LYMBERY, GRAY CREEK, BC Journeys: Down the Alberni Canal to Barkley Sound RON WELw00D’s RESPONSE: I find that M, Jan Peterson. Lymbergc comments complement the article. 14/hue Oolichan Books: (250) 390-4839 [Tom Lymbergc] personal experiences are very Honourable mention interesting he did not seem to accurately address the main theme of the article.. . . Perhaps the mild climate assisted in the spread of the virus, but the A Story as Sharp as a Knife climate had nothing to do with its “arrival” in the Robert Bringhurst Kootenays. This invasive disease was introduced Douglas & McIntyre Publishing Group: (604) 254-7191 to the Lakewood estate by infrctedJapanese orna Honourable mention nientalfiowering cherries in the 1930s.. . . No claim was made about where they were grown, other than the fact that the ornamental cherry trees Robert Dunsmuir: Laird of the Mines planted at the Lakewood estate carried the Little Lynne Bowen Cherry disease in symptomless or maskedform. It XYZ Publishing: (514) 525-2170 seems likely that these trees were not obtained from legitimate nursery stock approved by the Honourable mention Ministry ofAgriculture. Thus the disease was in troduced to the Willow Point area and it rapidly spreadfrom there.
26 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 Book Reviews Books for review and book reviews should be sent to: AprYandle, Book Review Editor BC Historical News, 3450 West 20th Avenue,Vancouver BC V6S 1E4
Walter R. Goldschmidt and sets the Haa Aani, Our Land. Tlingit and scene for the struggle to compensate Theodore H. Haas the Native people ofsoutheastern Alaska for Haida Land Rtghts and Use. Haa Aani, Our Land. Tlingit and the intrusion of their lands for non-Native Waiter R. Goldschniidt and Theodore H. settlement, road building, communication Haida Land Rthts and Use. Haas. Edited and introduced by Thomas E. networks, and national and international gi REVIEWED BY JOY INGLIS Thornton. Selaska Heritage Foundation, ant projects. In 1971, the Alaska Native Juneau. Seattle and London: University of John Kendrick Claims Settlement based on a court case, in Washington Press. 1998. 219 pp. Illus. maps. Alejandro Malaspina: Portrait of a which Dr. Goldschmidt was called to testify, $52.95 paperback. Visionary was hailed in the press as the most generous REvIEwED BY Joy INGLIS REvIEwED BY DR. BARRY G0uGH of any settlements with aboriginal peoples This work is a republication of a traditional anywhere in the world. It was not a record Tom Henry land use study (TUS) by anthropologist hard to beat. Like similar treaties signed by 14/èstcoasters: Boats that Built Walter Goldschmidt and his associate the United States with Native tribes in the British Columbia Theodore H. Haas in 1947. Walter lower forty—eight states, which were cast in REVIEWED BY GORDON MIum. Goldschmidt is one of the greats of twenti language ofself-determination, it was a treaty eth-century designed to accomplish assimilation Peter Corley-Smith and anthropology and professor and ter emeritus at the University of California, Los mination. David N. Parker Angeles.The quality ofdocumentation con This is the rub in treaty negotiations to Helicopters: The British Columbia tained in this cultural land use and occupancy day with the bands of British Columbia. Story study made it an important resource in set While negotiators for the government are REVIEWED BY KIRK SALL0uM tling the land claims ofthe Tlingit and Haida focused upon positive economic develop Netta Sterne of southeastern Alaska in 1971. ment, reconciliation, certainty, and finality, the bands are concerned with protection Fraser Gold 1858! The Founding At that time, American policy was mov oftheir ing from assimilation and missionary endeav status as First Nations, compensation and of British Columbia our toward preservation and revitalization of Aboriginal title to their land, and a continu REvIEwro BY LEWIS GREEN traditions of First Peoples. Natives in south ing open process. June Cameron east Alaska though threatened by white in It was only in 1999 that the first land claim Destination Cortez Island, A trusion, spoke their own language and were treaty in BC, negotiated with the Nisga’a of Sailors Ljfe Along the BC Coast able to give place names, and indicate how the Nass Valley by the Provincial Govern their parents and grandparents moved ment went to the House of Commons in REVIEwED BY KELSEY McLE0D through their territories from the winter vil Ottawa for ratification. The claim by the Vera K. Fast lages to hunt and fish, build traps and caches, Nisga’a represents the longest ongoing fight Companions of the Peace: Diaries and gather bark, roots, and berries.They were for a treaty by any band in BC history. It was and letters ofMonica Storrs, aware of historic sites and gravesites, and in recent years bolstered by a legal decision 193 1—1939 awesome places where spirit power was ofthe Supreme Court that”equal weight shall sought.They were still part ofa tradition that be given to oral traditions” in determining REvIEwED BY PETER J. MITH had been underway for thousands of years. claims to aboriginal territory. (Delgamuukw Derek Hayes Maps and reports in Haa Aani concern decision). Of the 200 bands in BC, some 70 Historical Atlas of British Colum the traditional territories ofthe Klukwan, the percent have engaged in TUS (Traditional bia and the Pacjflc Northwest Chilkat (Haines), Taku, Hoonah, Sitka, Use Study) mapping their own territories REVIEWED BY J.E. ROBERTS Angoon, Kake, Kiawock, Wrangell or on the evidence of their elders. This tech Stickine, Ketchikan, Saxman, Tongas, Cape nique has been usefully employed all over Wayne Norton Hox or Sanya, and the Haida on Prince of the world, and the computer has become an A 14/hole Little City by Itse/ Wales Archipelago. It is a precious document indispensable tool. 7?anquille and Tuberculosis not only for aboriginal descendants of the Some reasons for difficulties in data col REvIEwED BY NAOMI MILLER Tlingit and Haida ofAlaska, but for all who lection here: coastal bands have a young population compared Hilary Place want to have knowledge of the past beyond to the general popu lation. Most are educated and acculturated, Dog Creek:A Place in the the thin lens of time represented by Russian and American occupation. and have been engaged in business in the Cariboo An excellent introduction by Thomas F fishing industry that has been the focus of REVIEWED BY SHERYL SLouM Thornton, “Who owned southeast Alaska?” family life for over fifty years. There is a re
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 27 luctance to give information outside the lin was Rio dejaneiro, and then the ships coasted of the revolutionary tendencies of his hero. eage, and persons with knowledge are gen south, visiting and surveying Montevideo, For all its enlightening instincts the Spanish erally high-ranking and their position re Buenos Aires and the Falkiands (Malvinas). crown of Malaspina’s time was dreadfully quires discretion with regard to guarding tra They rounded Cape Horn, and then sailed worried that what had happened at the ditional knowledge. The information and along the Chilean coast to Peru, Guayaquil, Bastille would soon be seen in the streets of mapping are considered absolutely confiden the Galapagos, Panama, and Acapulco. In Madrid. Malaspina had no friends at court, tial. 1791 Malaspina sailed to southeasternAlaska, and the royalist service, in which he was a Will the TUS reports of BC bands be returning southwards via Nootka Sound and distinguished naval captain and brigadier, come public property in fifty years, to the Monterey, Alta California. The year 1792 held little sympathy for his dangerous benefit ofdescendants and all who are inter found him crossing the Pacific to the Philip enthusiasms. For all these reasons John ested in history? Will access to the maps and pines, spending the following year in the Kendrick’s book opens new vistas on the dreams ofthe Native people ofBC be a con southwest Pacific, principally at New South philosophical disposition and the political sequence ofall the intense work that has gone Wales, New Zealand, andTonga. He returned reasoning of one of Spain’s greatest naviga into preparation for treaties, as is the case in to Spain on 21 September 1794. Such are tors and discoverers.” the southeastern Alaska report in Haa Aani? the basic details of his five-year mammoth Reviewer Barry Cough teaches Canadian his The maps in Haa Aani are disappointing, voyage to the Pacific, one of scientific dis tory at Wi!frid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON especially for one unfamiliar with the land covery and political inquiry. The achieve scape of southeastern Alaska. For examples ments were notable, particularly on the sci of marvellous map-snaking in TUS studies, entific side. Westcoasters: Boats that Built British see Sami Potatoes. Living with Reindeer and But there was a darker, more dangerous Columbia. Perestroika (1998) by Michael Robinson and side to this voyage of discovery. Malaspina Tom Henry. Madeira Park: Harbour Pub Karim-Aly S. Kassam, based on a Russian was unhappy with what he found in the lishing, 1998. 192 pp. Illus. $34.95 hardcover. Sami co-management project, initiated in Spanish empire. He returned to Spain with REVIEWED BY GORDON MILLER. 1955 by the Arctic Institute of North the earnest conviction that Spain should free Tom Henry is one ofBritish Columbia’s best- America, University of Calgary, and pub her colonies in the NewWorld.A strong lib known historical writers. An earlier book, lished by Bayeux Arts Inc. Calgary.’ eralism burned in this nobleman’s heart, and The Good Company: an Affectionate History of ReviewerJoy Inglisformerly of the Vancouver his ideas and writings failed to attract any the Union Steamships, won the 1995 British Museum, is now a resident of Quadra Island. sympathy. Indeed, the executive council Columbia Historical Federation’s Lieuten She was head mapper and researcherfor the deemed his views revolutionary and thus ant Governor’s Medal for Historical Writ Kwakiutl Territorial Fisheries Commission dangerous. Malaspina was arrested,jailed and ing. This time, he presents us with a book of while their land use study was underway. stripped ofhis titles. He was six years in con stories about fourteen notable BC boats. finement, and released on condition that he Henry has chosen his subjects well. Each of not remain in Spain. It was for these political Alejandro Malaspina: his choices represents a unique type ofvessel reasons that Malaspina fell from grace in his Portrait of a Visionary. at a unique period within the last two hun time. He was largely forgotten until, in 1992, John Kendrick. Montreal & Kingston: dred years. Spanish scholars and others interested in the McGill University Press, 1999.206 The fourteen vessels are the Discovery, pp. history of Pacific exploration took up the Illus. Map. $34.95 hardcover. Captain George Vancouver’s ship during his challenge of giving Malaspina a new lease REVIEWED BY DR. BuRY G0UGH exploration of the BC coast during the late on life, one long overdue. eighteenth century; the Beaver, the Hudson’s Alejandro orAlessandro Malaspina, who was John Kendrick has been in the Canadian Bay Company steamer, which on its intro born in Malazzo, Parma, 2 November 1754 lead in the Malaspina resuscitation, and has duction in 1836, became the first steamer on and died in Pontremoli, Parma, 9 April 1810, been aiding Spanish compadres and English the BC coast; the William Irving, a is best remembered for his global circum editors preparing the forthcoming Hakluyt sternwheeler which operated on the lower navigation, for his explorations ofthe Pacific Society edition (in English) in reviving this Fraser River between 1800 and 1894; the Ocean, and for his discoveries, for Spain, in notable voyager and leader of a strong scien Lorne, a sea-going tug built by the Dunsmuirs North and South America. tific team. Spanish research over many years in 1889; the Thermopylae, an aging tea clip In 1789 Spain launched an ambitious ex has been led by Mercedes Palau Banquero. per, which operated out ofVictoria during pedition, the intent of which was twofold: From her sound foundation of scholarship, the 1 890s; the Beatrice, built as a sealer in 1891, (1) to survey in a comprehensive fashion and that ofothers, Kendrick has built a larger which over the next hundred years became South America and to develop comprehen understanding. His book is a straightforward a towboat, freighter, fish packer, and research sive hydrographical charts to aid in naviga and logical narrative which draws together vessel; the Columbia, a mission boat during tion “for the remote regions ofAmerica,” and the vital details from the larger literature (all the first decades of the twentieth century; (2) to assess the political and economic cli noted in his useful bibliography). Kendrick’s the Princess Maquinna, one of the Canadian mate of the far-flung Spanish Empire. Two treatment is the first scholarly book-length Pacific Railway’s coastal steamships; the vessels were detailed for this discovery, the biography, and is a most welcome addition Malahat, a rum-runner of the 1 920s, con Descubierta and the Atrevida, with Malaspina to the literature. Kendrick does not shy away verted to a log carrier in the 1930s; the Lady in the former and Bustamante y Guerra in from examining the undoubted vanity of Alexandra, one of the Union Steamship fer command of the latter. The first port of call Malasprna. Nor does he dodge a good analysis ries and excursion boats; the BCP no. 45, a
28 BC HISTORICAL NEWS JL. 33 No.3 seiner active from 1927 to 1995;the Sudbury, the recreational use ofhelicopters. However, The value of this work is in understanding a post-Second World War deep-sea tug; the Corley-Smith and Parker’s well-researched how a relatively modern aviation machine, Pices I, a submersible designed and built in book contains a variety of documentation. and key individuals surrounding that tech the 1960s; and the Lootaas, a replica of an Historical data and references are available nology assisted with establishing industries oc.n-going Haida dugout canoe. for readers requiring them.A treasure of in and people throughout tEach BC’s diverse vessel is treated in a separate chap— formation, accompanied by colour and black- terrain.’’ tr. Henry presents details about the construc and-white photographs, is presented. Reviewer Kirk Salloum is an educational con tion, appearance, operational characteristics, Outlined are the fundamentals ofhelicop sultant living in Vancouve, BC. and career of each vessel The material is in ter maintenance and piloting.The early heli teresting, and is presented in an easy, conver copters were high-maintenance machines. Fraser Gold 1858! The Founding ofBrit sational style. The text is accompanied by The first helicopter pilots had to learn a com ish Columbia. good illustrations, which are enhanced by the pletely different set ofreflexes from those they Netta Sterne. Pullman,WA:Washington State book’s coffee table format. developed while flying fixed-wing aircraft. University Press, 1998. 187 Illus., Nevertheless, I was disappointed with the Informative pp. $29.95 and fascinating, helicopter inci paperback. book. I had expected to learn about the boats dents keep readers entertained. They learn REvIEwED BY LEWIS GREEN. that built British Columbia, as stated on the about the character of individual pilots and title page. Instead, I read only about the four the unique experiences each encountered. The book deals with events in 1858 when teen boats chosen by the author. I wanted to Excerpts from interviews ofpeople involved James Douglas, then Governor ofthe Colony learn about the conditions that prompted the in BC’s early helicopter history are incorpo ofVancouver Island but without any author design and construction of each differing rated to enrich the text. These recollections ity on the mainland, seized the initiative and types of boats which Henry’s selection rep are from individuals “who were clearly pio moved swiftly to control the Fraser River resents. I wanted to learn about the role each neers in a new technology” gold rush. of these types of vessels played in British Commercial companies were the main The gold rush, predicted by Douglas in Columbia economic and social life. I wanted players who introduced the helicopter into late 1857, reached Victoria on Sunday, 25 to learn about the development ofmaritime the province;particularly, Okanagan Helicop April 1858, with the arrival of the steamer industries in British Columbia. ters Limited. Two individuals discussed ex Commodore from San Francisco. The Regrettably, Henry did not attempt to tensively in the book are Carl Agar and stampeders aboard, 450 in all, outnumbered provide this type of background informa AIf Stringer. Their importance to the devel the population of Victoria. It was just the tion and analysis. In addition, most of the opment of the helicopter industry is ac beginning. By June 1st an estimated 10,000 information presented on each vessel will be knowledged in the book’s dedication. men had started up the Fraser River, and familiar to knowledgeable readers. Only the Helicopter crews that flew for commer before the year was out the total would be section on the Pisces I contained substantial cial companies solved many ofthe problems close to 25,000. amounts of new, unfamiliar material. associated with flying in the mountains.The Douglas was on his own. Requests to the In conclusion, this is a well-written, well- military and other government agencies Colonial Office for assistance or direction illustrated collection of well-known stories turned to these crews to learn about this new could involve waits ofup to six months for a about some of BC best-known ships. And knowledge that the authors associated with reply. Already in late 1857 he had issued an ordinance declaring that’s all. ‘‘ “a second era of bush flying.” Like the first that all mines of gold in Reviewer Gordon Miller is librarian at the Pacjfic era of bush pilots who flew fixed-wing air the Fraser and Thompson districts belonged Biological Station in Nanai,no. craft, helicopter pilots had to carry out ma— to the Crown, and soon after he announced noeuvres that no one else had previously a system ofcompulsory miners’ licences. mi done.They learned to handle these through tially, Douglas, still a Hudson’s Bay Company Helicopters: The British Columbia Story trial and error, sometimes in death—threat employee as well as governor, had attempted Corley-Smith Peter and David N. Parker. ening situations. Highlighted are stories to protect the company’s interests but the Victoria, BC: Press,1998. Sono Nis 226 pp., linked to the development of BC. As exam numbers of miners involved soon made this Illus. $24.95 paperback. ples, Corley-Smith and Parker chronicle the impossible.There were still controls inasmuch REVIEWED BY KIRK SALL0uM use of helicopters in the Aluminum Com as licences had to be purchased in Victoria, The province’s story ofhelicopters begins in pany of Canada’s Kitimat-Kemano venture and two Royal Navy survey vessels were sta 1947 when these machines proved themselves and in the BC Power Commission project tioned off the mouth of the Fraser to pre well suited to the BC terrain.They were ver on the Hornathko River (interwoven with vent smuggling and licence evasion. For the satile and extremely valuable for serving light anecdotes on the” indestructible” Ted miners a system of claims for “bar diggings” houses, as pathfinders for icebreakers, for Henson). Other events described revolve was established and sub—commissioners were transporting passengers to their destinations, around a host of forestry, mining, survey, and appointed to mark out the claims and col for logging and surveying operations, and as search-and-rescue operations throughout the lect the duty payable. The potential for con part of the air ambulance service, to name a province. ffict between Natives and miners was reduced few of their multiple applications. There is little need to shy away from this by the appointment of Native magistrates. The authors acknowledge that their work book if readers think they lack an under The most innovative move was a road falls short of being definitive history. As an standing ofthe evolution ofhelicopter tech construction project begun in midsummer example, they point to the lack of detail on nology.An appendix helps to fill many gaps. when high water on the Fraser flooded many of the bars and halted mining operations.A
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 29
30 No.3 -VOL.33 NEWS BC HISTORICAL
the of many that people and coast knew
of
diaries were
the text substantial and the the predated volume L. the Morton, earlier
was for
up on me because grew I only not
of
the
editor the
ambitions text, complete historianW
Canadian western the renowned
the was I reason week like old-home felt it
a was
1929—1931, by first covering volume, Edited 1979). Girl (Vancouver, Galloping
I When that decided I reading, finished
the followed.While
as as
Morton those firm from is God’s difference to distinct 1950, its
chores. activities, and
not are
edition for
this of
material selection Peace from Block River the 1929 in worker
their up on interests, the of coast, children
the
the
guiding
principles
lay an Unfortunately, Anglican and Storrs, Monica of diaries
a
is life early of picture giving daily the vivid
book.
Fast’s
throughout evident amply
letters of of an Peace, the the panions edition
The of least not are the winch varied, others
aspect
the
experience—an of Com frontier
part of aspect most intriguing the Perhaps
facet. but on is one that Cortez Island, parents
was
that the spiritual element
They
underline
J.
PETER
REvIEwED MImAM BY visit from grand to their home inVancouver
criticism.
and acute
feeling humane
with
perback. by boat family thor’s small trips yearly making
filled a record left of a
purpose, and
sense
pp. pa $19.95
Illus. 246
1999. Press,
ronto au— of read. the the is have story While it
these experiences
and
through
panionship,
ofTo
Toronto: Fast,
Ed. K.
Umversity
Vera I coast up past in our life books the about
com
and food, society with
clothing,
local
of Storrs, Monica Letters 1931-1939. to one has This most of be the informative
of the They interstices
filled
of
life. pioneer
and Diaries the Peace: of Companions
every facet to access gave them that REVIEWED privilege BY McLE0D KELSEY
pp. of a position enjoyed 1999. Illus. 224 and paperback. 17.95 Companions her
Storrs workers, House, than BC: Surrey June religious Heritage Cameron. more Far ever. Society. Historical couver
how history, ofwomen’s as mere records ries of I4in- the a BC is Coast. the Along member McLeod Kelsey Reviewer
dia the of reading a limited reader beyond enjoy. read Buy style. it, it, Sailorc Life A Island, Cortez Destination
the moves that quickly narrative vivid a left life an up—the—West—Coast also is there ize
has records detail Storrs of variety The real SocietE make Canadians will tion Island Cortez ver engineer. mining a is retired Historical
downplayed. Destina Maybe ears. of out our coming is of Vancou the a Green, Reviewer member Lewis it
(plO), feminist” “no self—conscious till life Newfoundland about hear inces.We and sheer fantasy. hearsay,
herself Storrs, that a feminism of conscious prov other from or continent, from another truth, of a mixture with bombarded ers were
reader the makes introduction writings.The come they whether to coast, this migrants min would-be when a of time excitement
Storrs’s
of analysis
Morton’s to perspective im a all for be must should It from while the that it. captures in well extremely works it
a
fresh brings Fast missionaries, female fered worth something getting not anyone agine approach correspondence.The tion to official
of
the Peace
opportunities the on focusing im I can’t this book. recommend I highly addi in newspapers and British American
and
aspect,
this highlighting By world. line clams. preserving and ging local, in accounts from drawn contemporary
mascu
predominantly a in isolated women dig built and was house homestead how a year is the of that coverage in differs 1858
other
to
support vital a Peace—were the to school, a for needed students of number in the events to approach author’s The
of Companions
workers—the lay female of the like details dances, neighbours, on in tory.
community
her and Storrs truly, 1930s.And dropping the pages, these between all is It his year Columbia’s British in that incredible
the
of days
dark
the
during John St. Fort were conirnon. with engines 1858, in had prepared Douglas foundation
of
vicinity the
in
women of needs the ing wizards women that I boat, discovered small the on build would tres Brew, and others
serv
feminist
a
quiet
as Storrs cast volume, a in husband with her coast the sailed who Char Royal Engineers, the nel and Moody
new
the to
the
on introduction
collaborator a friend, a to talking but after mechanic, boat Colo Begbie, new that arrivals, the followed
Kinnear,
Mary
and
volume,
first the of ration master some from account her in help had years the In economy. new resource-based
prepa
during
Morton
assisted who Fast, have must she that decided I first displays. of a beginning the to days trading from fur
clear.
this makes book
Fast’s
to
troduction Cameron engines small-boat of knowledge the transformation had overseen Douglas
in the
and
geography
the
of
element cant the of at extent the amazed was I cluded. available, people and the with resources
signifi
equally
an is
gender
Today, lumbia. in are pictures their stories; their ple, and Workrng days a before. few in Victoria rived
Co
British
contemporary of
cal geography peo many interviewed she for family, own ar who had Begbie Matthew by Judge bia
physi and
political
the of
account
compelling her of story the only not is However, it Colum British of Colony of the governor
a
offered
diaries
The
worst.” and
its
barren land. and nity, as in sworn was Douglas mainland, to the
most at
its
materialism
frontier
American opportu freedom, of prospect the by lured visit third his on 1858, November 19 On
“North and
spirituality” “Christian
tween 1917, in to Cortez came grandparents nal in mid-October.
be
conflict the
of
record
rich
a
left Storrs mater Cameron’s day. present the till 1930 completed was portages and bridges many
Morton, For
ends.
volume
Morton’s
year from is period time faced.The pioneers early its with route The at prices. Victoria sions
the
1931, in
begins which
Peace,
the
of
ions disappointments and dangers, the challenges, provi of form the in at Port them Douglas
Compan of
outset the
from
is
clear
This the into insight giving well, as there is ment to be repaid would of project, the pletion
tion.
settle early coastal the of history the But com on which, for good conduct security
consump
contemporary
shape for
and it past, reader. the to value its and charm, its account, $25 as of bond a posted but be rather paid
the
interpret
we
how
altered
profoundly
have the of strength the is This life. that of sence not would men at river Lillooet.The today’s
them— among
history
women’s and
dass
ing es the of much written had distancing, the the to return and Canyon Fraser the bypass
manifestations—work
various
its
and tory of because and Cortez, on life of vision tant would that Lake, Harrison end of the north
his
Social
telling. its
and
history to
attitudes dis a had up coast, year entire the spent ing at Douglas, Port from and water route trail
our
in occurred
since
has
that
shift significant hav the not author, because but mentioned, a to open was enrolled 500 corps men of compromised in the present volume by re and could be a bit awkward to hold for any rots in the cartography oftheVancouver ex strictions that limited the amount of mate one with small hands and arms. The time pedition and was the subject of special at rial published to a quarter ofwhat was avail frame covered is over 400 years and much tention on pp. 214-216 of my book, A Dis able.We never read, for instance, ofthe events that occurred, cartographically, during that covery Journal. For this reason, the error leadip to Storrs’s decision to head home in period is recorded in detail. This is a work jumped out at your reviewer. l93. It is a tantalizing omission, but the that will not be read in one go and it is sug There are a few errors in the text dealing reader is at a loss to know whether it was gested that it be digested, a bit at a time, to with Vancouver’s survey, and these will be made by Storrs or Fast. Readers must trust maintain the chronology of the history of corrected in a second printing; typically, Al the editors to have been as even-handed in map-making by the early Russian, Spanish, exander Bell, on p. 88, is confused with selection as they profess, but inclusion or and English explorers on our coast.With the Edward Bell, clerk ofthe Chatham, andJoseph exclusion ultimately rested on subjective de book placed in a comfortable reading posi Whidbey was master ofthe Discovery, not the cisions.Time will prove the wisdom ofthese, tion and a magnifying glass at hand, many Chatham. but only consulting the original texts inVic enjoyable hours could be spent absorbing The sections ofthe book dealing with the toria or Fort St.John will reveal which quar knowledge that for many will be in a new growth of the metropolitan areas of the ter of the diaries Fast selected. and exciting field. northwest illustrate the then state of the car Nevertheless, Fast has rendered scholars— The author has assembled the finest col tographer’s art with a number of birds-eye and other readers—a valuable service in an lection of maps and charts relating to the views ofmajor ports and cities.The addition notating and making available this selection Pacific Northwest and has woven their place of a few remarks on the later developments from the Storrs diaries. She has woven a fas in our history. In addition to nautical charts in map-making, such as aerial photography cinating narrative that will delight casual and ofthe seas and coastline, he has included many and satellite imaging, would possibly make serious readers alike. Storrs emerges, seventy maps which bring alive the history of the the work more complete. years after entering the Peace River Block, a hinterland in a way that makes one wish that Cavendish Books are to be congratulated strong, independent woman.A feminist, yes, such information were available, in this form, for producing a first class publication at a but more generally—and for Christ’s sake— when one was struggling with history at reasonable price and it is to be hoped that a humanist keenly alive and sympathetic to school or college. The sections dealing with we see more works on the history ofBritish the plight of the settlers among whom she the Alaska boundary dispute and the finaliz Columbia from their presses.’ ministered.‘‘ ing of the international boundary are well ReviewerJohn E. (Ted) Roberts, a Victoria resi Reviewer Peter Mitham is a freelance writer liv presented.This volume will have interest for dent, is an enthusiastic scholar in thefield of Pa ing in J4incouver His bibliography of Peter Serv readers miles from the sea and the smell of cflc Northwest exploration. ice will be published this spring. salt air, thanks to the inclusion of the maps covering the fur trade and the various gold A J’Vhole Little City by Itseif) rushes that were part of the development of Tranquille and Tuberculosis. Historical Atlas of British Columbia and BC. Wayne Norton. Kamloops: Plateau Press, the Pacflc Northwest. The author has drawn from thousands of 1999. 192 pp. $21.95 paperback. Derek Hayes. Cavendish Books Inc., Unit 23, charts and maps in repositories all over the REVIEWED BY NAOMI MILLER.
1610 Derwent Way, Delta B.C., Canada,V3M world and some are included “... simply be 6W1,1999. 208 pp.320 map reprints. $48.95 cause I found them interesting.”The reader The subtitle, “Tranquille and Tuberculosis,” hardcover. Published in the USA as Historical would be well advised not to skip reading gives the focus of this well researched book. Atlas of the Pac!fic Northwest by Sasquatch the introduction, as often happens, for the The author takes Tranquille, and the British Books, Seatde,Wash. author’s comments on “native maps” and on ColumbiaAnti-Tuberculosis Society; through REvIEwED BY J.E. ROBERTS. “exploration and discovery” are most refresh the years of establishing this western sanato rium, through the First World War when a My first reaction on picking up this mag ing. The reproductions are first class and Midas veterans’ hospital had to be created tempo nificent book was one of disappointment, rarily in Balfour, through the disputes with albeit only concerning its cover with an art Printing in Hong Kong is to be congratu lated.The reviewer would have liked to know soldier patients, to provincial takeover, to ist’s rendition ofVancouver’s Discovery. It is needed and welcome expansions and mod regrettable that a reference was not made to the actual size of the original map or chart, which would be of value when comparing ernization offacilities (especially the operat one of the standards on eighteenth-century ing room), to impending closure. sailing ships before paint hit the canvas, since similar plans.The only serious error noted is that ofmap 143, on page 87, which has been The citizens of Kamloops alternated be the result is the portrayal of a ship that could tween acceptance and rejection ofthis insti never have left harbour. David R. inadvertently printed upside down.This was not an easy error to spot,iince on the origi tution housing patients with an infectious MacGregor’s Merchant Sailing Ships 1775- disease. There were many changes in public 1815, their Design and Construction, would nal, the numbering title had been put on upside down which would cause anyone perception, politics, and patient care over the have filled in many of the blanks in the art years. The fears of locals, added to the isola looking at the chart to turn it over.The num ist’s knowledge ofVancouver’s stout little ves tion of the Fortune farm, forced the spon sel. bering of latitude and longitude that could have correctly oriented the chart is very small, sors operating the site to create “a whole lit The subject matter has dictated the size tle city by itself.” of the book (25 by 33 centimetres) which requiring a most careflil reading. This par ticular chart shows one of the very few er The community ofTranquille had its own comes in at a hefty one and a half kilograms farm to supply meat, milk, fruit, eggs, and
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER zooo 31 vegetables.There was staff housing, a school today,” transport us to a bygone era. Remi for employees’ children. In early years access niscences of the people he encountered viv FEDEixrIoN NEWS was by boat but when the Canadian National idly capture and convey the hardships and Railway pushed a line on the north side of realities oflife in the Cariboo. Some ofthose PRINCE GEORGE HONOURED AT Kamloops Lake, a station was built with a individuals”were heroic beyond belief,” a few PORT ALBERNI CONFERENCE spur forTranquille deliveries. Later, as labour are now famous, and others “were hoboes A panel of five judges selected the PRINCE regulations necessitated extra personnel, a bus with packs on their backs.” GEORGE ORAL HISTORY GROUP (Web site ran between Kamloops and the sanatorium. The book’s chapters include discussions http:/wwwpgohg.dynds.org) as the winners Some staff commuted regularly. Recovering of the area’s settlement and early days, the ofthe first BC HIsToRYWEB SITE PRIzE. The patients used the bus for an exciting taste of Dog Creek Indian Reserve, the Dog Creek judges particularly noted that the Prince civilization with a rare half-day pass. hockey team, hotel, MountainAirbase, school, George Oral History Group explained the Initially the patients were working—class stage, and store. Interspersed with intriguing purpose of their Web site and placed the white males. Gradually space was created for facts about the locale and its inhabitants are information in the context oftheir activities. female sufferers. No Natives and no Asians anecdotes of courage and survival. In one, The $250 prize, an idea ofDavid Mattison, were accepted as patients or hired as staffuntil Place tells of a nine-year-old boy who was is sponsored by the British Columbia after the Second World War. Also noted was being beaten by his father. One day this child Historical Federation and David Mattison. the fact that none on staff became infected packed a bag and, in spite of his clubfeet, The award is intended to recognize aWeb with the tubercle bacillus.The nurses or phy walked many kilometres from the Gang site contributing to an understanding and sicians that became patients atTranquille were Ranch to the Place farm where he asked for appreciation ofBritish Columbia’s past. The infected in a general hospital or private home lodgings and a job. The youngster was told prize honours individual initiative. setting when working with patients with ill that he could stay as long as he went to school Institutional sites are not eligible. nesses or injury unrelated to TB. and fed the chickens. He lived with the Place When the Government knew Tranquille family for 21 years. RICHMOND HOST BCHF was about to be abandoned by TB patients, Stories of the First Nations people of the an advisory committee dithered for two years area are particularly intriguing. For example, CoIwERENcE 2001 before finding a new use for the lovely build Place relates that the Alkali Lake team was In May 2001, the RICHMOND MUSEUM ings.The period ofvacancy hastened the de made up of young men living on the Alkali SOCIETY will host the British Columbia terioration of the buildings. From 1958 to Lake Reserve. To participate in matches, the Historical Federation conference. Tentatively 1984 mentally disabled citizens were cared team would often travel great distances: this themed “The Land You Pass Through,” the for here, then one scheme after another failed. meant spending 10 to 12 hours in horse- conference will focus on ideas of change in What was once a peaceful, beautiful hospital drawn sleighs in below—zero temperatures. In the landscape, of the role of individuals in complex is an unsafe jungle of weeds and towns such asWiffiams Lake, aboriginal peo history, and of stewardship and conservancy. falling structures.The book is a thought-pro ple were not allowed in the hotels or restau With its focus on the land, this theme voking report on a British Columbia insti rants. The team would have to “pitch their naturally invokes the agricultural and fishing tution which served its clientele so well that tents.... Supper was some deer meat and history ofRichmond, and it also provides an it became superfiuous.’” boiled frozen potatoes. . . .A campfire was the opening to consider the changing uses ofthat Reviewer Naomi Miller is aformer editor of BC only source of heat.” Not having any extra land and, for Richmond at least, the evolution 1—listorical News players, the men had to play non-stop, but into a suburb ofVancouver. Used metaphor “they made a team few could beat.” ically, the theme leads us to think about the The book’s illustrations include maps and footprints each person leaves on the place Dog Creek: A Place in the Cariboo. many photographs ofinterest. Included is one that they live. From there we can look at the Hilary Place. Surrey BC: Heritage House of historian Marius Barbeau dressed like a individuals who shaped and are shaping the Publishing Company, 1999. 266 pp. Illus. cowboy, one of writer Sheila (Doherty) history ofour places, but we can also explore $18.95 paperback. Watson, who taught school in Dog Creek questions about what we are doing to REVIEWED BY SHERYL SALL0UM for a year in the 1930s, and one of A.Y. preserve our history, the stories, the The pun in the title is the first indication Jackson, who visited Dog Creek in the mid documents, the artifacts, the buildings, and that this book, part history, part memoir, is 1940s—the book’s jacket is ajackson canvas the landscapes. an entertaining read. The grandson of a that was sent to Place’s mother. The Friday morning plenary session, the Cariboo pioneer who settled in Dog Creek Without a concluding chapter, the book workshops, and the tours of Richmond and in the early 1 880s, Hilary Place has taken on ends rather abruptly. The last line, however, Steveston that we have planned will all take the role of raconteur and details the history which discusses Place’s love of music, seems up some aspect of this theme. We’re also of the remote settlement, his family’s life in also to sum up the author’s life in the Cariboo: planning a book fair, an optional Chinese the area, and his personal experiences in the “It’s part of me and it probably will be until dinner and a visit to the Asian malls in region up to the 1970s. Place’s recollections the end.” Hilary Place’s recollections are a Richmond, and, of course, the awards ofsurviving bitterly cold winters and a world delightful and fascinating glimpse of a far- banquet on Saturday evening. without “telephones, radios, automobiles, flung region of BC and another era.’’ The RICHMOND MUSEUM SOCIETY look refrigerators, indoor plumbing, electricity; and Reviewer Sheryl Salloum, a member of the J4in- forward to hosting the conference and to so many other things we take for granted couver Historical Society, is a freelance writer. having the Federation delegates visit our city;
32 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 News and Notes Please send information to be published in News and Notes to the editor in Whonnock before 15 August, 15 November, 15 February and 15 May.
FROM THE BRcHEs In 1964 Ginn donated the cemetery that had mid 1970s by Don Bourdon, North been part ofher family estate to the Society Vancouver’s first achivist. Mostly extracted from the reports presented Cowicrw at the AGM. For more see the minutes ofthe HIsToRIcAL SocIErY SAlT SPIUNG Isim HIsToRICAl. Socwr AGM starting on page 41. The society is working on the production of Different from the usual pattern ofguest speak a CD-ROM on the history of Cowichan. ers, two oftheir meetings united panels ofold-. ALBERNI DIsTIUcT HIsToRIcAL SocIEm’ Gui ISLAND BcH, BCHF timers talking about life on the island in ear The Alberni District Historical Archives, lier days. Sales Volume 1 of the local history Guff Islands ofthe book Saltspring:The Story which is affiliated with the Alberni District of an Island are Patchwork has been reprinted, forming a com going well. Much of the en Historical Society, is the repository of the ergy is directed panion to volume 2, More Talesfrom the Outer to the operation of the ar McLean Mill papers; as such, the opening of Guf Islands. chives. the McLean Mill as a National Historic Site SILVERY SLOc HIsTORICAL is the culmination of ten years of focussed KAMLO0PS MUSEUM AssocIATIoN SOcwrY Directors continued with endeavour by diverse community groups and After theArt Gallery moved out ofthe build reviewing the accessioning, archives, and photographs. representatives who believe in preserving and ing, the KMA finds itself with a lot of space presenting local history to the public at large. and the support ofthe city to make major reno SURREY HIsTORIcAL SOcIETY The Society was fortunate to receive books vations. A new exhibit space is planned for The $750 district historical essay contest was and a significant cash donation bequeathed the museum. won last year by Meghan Pritchard, a grade to it by the late Helen Ford.The funds were Lor’.anoN HE1UTAGE FAniI 11 student at Elgin Park Secondary for her invested in the Alberni Valley Foundation, essay that examined The society has improved accomplishments by the early history ofCres which handles local charitable investments. cent Beach. Other splitting into committees, each committee hav work includes the Surrey historical map project and theWW Hastings’ ARRow LAKEs HIsT01UcAL SocIETY ing co-chairs. Committees meet on a regular manuscript. Their next publication will be on the Lardeau basis and report in writing to the directors. region featuring Trout lake, Ferguson, and The executive and board ofdirectors are much VANcOuvER HIsTORIcAL SocwrY Camborne. The most notable archive items more effective and can concentrate on the The society continues sponsoring regular given to the society was an estate including larger aspects of the operation. speakers’ series and providing assistance to individuals 400 historical slides. NANAIM0 HIsToiuc Socwr publishing original historical re search. The society had to resort to profes BuRNY HIsTolucAL SocIETY The winner of the Ethel Barraclough history sional assistance to produce its newsletter and The society’s $1,000 scholarship honouring award for 1999 was Barbara Pond for her re book keeping services. Evelyn Salisbury was presented to Benjamin search paper on the coverage of the 1953 po lio epidemic in the Nanaimo Free Press. Bradley of Simon Fraser University. A sec OTHER NEWS ond Special Bursary Award of $1,000 was The Nanaimo Historical Society continues to REGUi CONTRIBUTOR DIES given to Carolyn Webb of Okanagan Uni support the Nanaimo Community Archives Noami Miller reports that Dr. versity College. through donations of money and an active Adam C. volunteer program. Waldie passed away on the 29th of May,just CH1IvIAINus ViLEY HIsTop.Ic SocIETY short ofhis 80’ birthday. Dr.Waldie practiced NELSON MUSEUM At the April meeting of the ChemainusVai medicine in Castlegar and Vancouver. After The former Kootenay ley Historical Society, Ray Knight and Len Museum and Histori his semi-retirement he devoted his spare time Society Platt were made honorary members and cal wished to be known simply as to history and gardening. He contributed Nelson Museum.The given a presentation in recognition for their society is planning for a articles and book reviews to BC Historical new museum, contributions over the years. Knight, a well- archives, and art gallery. Nelson News and medical journals. known historian, and Platt, the unofficial Museum received a Community Archives As sistance FUR T1DE “mayor” of Saltair, have restored and donated Grant to organize the Kootenay School ofArts Among the names of awardees recognized a water-ram pump to the Chemainus Valley records.Volunteers continue work or ganizing the for outstanding voluntary contributions to Museum. This unique pump, salvaged from records ofthe Nelson Daily News, including Washington and Northwest history by the Stocking Creek, in Saltair, was used to pro many photographs and historic fries. Washington State Historical Society are two vide Saltair’s first water system. NoRTH SHo1 HisTolucAl. Socwn’ well-known BC historians,Jean Barman and Life members Edith Stephenson and NorthVancouver Museum and Archives con BruceWatson, who received the Charles Gate Audrey Ginn were also special guests at the tinues providing space for the monthly meet Award for “outstanding contribution to Pa April meeting. Ginn gave fascinating back ings. The society donated finds to the North cfic Northwest Quarterly magazine; for their ground information regarding the Anglican VancouverArchives to cover the cost ofpro collaboration on the article entitled ‘Fort Cemetery at Lamalchi Bay on Kuper Island. cessing photographs ofbuildings taken in the Colville’s Fur Trade Families’.”
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 33 Reward and Prize Winners Celebrated in Port Alberni (see next page for captions) Photo by John Spittle
J —
Photo by Helmi Braches Photo by Helmi Braches
34 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 Port Alberni 2000
Notes on the BCHF Gonference Don Pedro de Alberm left the reputation as A great adjunct to the Conference was a book 2000 at Port Alberni hosted by being the first agriculturist in BC. His rank fair held at the Echo Community Centre, mainly the Alberni District Historical and file cultivated fields, excavated wells, con fraturing books on BC history One was able to structed aqueducts, and raised poultry, mak browse through publishers’ displays and to pur Society Thursday 4 May — Satur ing the Spanish garrison at Nootka less vul chase new as well as used books and we had the day 6 May 2000. nerable to famine. Alberni’s wisdom in at pleasure of meeting authors in person. tracting the goodwill of the Natives by Roy J.V. Pallant is also Spotliht speakers galore. At the centre Ron recorded. The Spaniards never reached and (in italics) by Irene Alexander the Blair of Friesen’s presented a video on preparing head of the inlet, but in 1860 a sawmill was history books for printing. In her writing work THE GATHERING OF THE CLANS— The gather established there and a year later the settle shop, MARGARET CADwAIDR of the Federation ing of the delegates (clans) was one of the ment was given its Spanish name:Alberni. of BC Writers reviewed interviewing skills. most exciting parts of what must have been In the fall of 1859 Wiffiam Eddy Banfield SHnunY CUmIBERTs0N spoke about the BCHF’s one of most our successful annual confer (correct spelling), an independent trader, and annual writing competition. T(om) WPAmRs0N, ences.We met as good friends and acquaint the colonial government agent on the west best knownfor his series of books on ghost towns, ances on ferries and buses, at service stations, coast, wrote to the Colonial Secretary atVic talked about s4[-publishing.Alberni District His and in cafés en-route to our mutual destina toria the following prophetic words: “The torical Society’s BOB Gv talked about the 1964 P0RTALBERNI.A tion: great feeling of shared timber will cause Barkley Sound to be no Tsunami, and KEN HuTCHE5ON, president ofthe memories and expectations. ticed and must eventually become an article Maritime Heritage Society, reviewed the building ELY HIsToRY— In 1790 the Spanish cap of export, an important item in the prosper of a maritime presence. There was also a reading tain DON PEDRO DE ALBERNI and his com ity and peopling of the southern end of the by JAN PETERsoN, author offour books pertain Island.” pany of 76 men came to the west coast of In 1860 the Anderson Company of ing to the history ofAlberni Valley. London sent Captain Vancouver Island, with Lieutenant DoN Edward Stamp, an Eng On Thursday evening our hosts offered Con FRANCISCO ELIzA assuming command of lish shipmaster, and G.M. Sproat to locate a ference 2000 participants and visitors a wonder Nootka. It is Don Francisco Eliza who gave suitable site and to build a sawmill to pro ful reception in the Alberni Valley Museum. The Alberni Canal (now Alberm Inlet) its name. vide spars and lumber for the fleet ofclipper ships owned by the Anderson Company. As museum staff catered the reception beautifully Mayor GIuJANTRuMPER welcomed us to the City On the previous page: from that first sawmill the rich history of Alberni goes on; of Port Alberni, and we were also welcomed by Top Left: Ron Welwood and Shirley the Alberni District His torical JEAN MCINTosH, director of the museum, and Cuthbertson congratulate Lynne Bowen, Society and the Alberni Valley Mu seum SIM0 NuiRfE, president ofAlberni District His author of Robert Dunsmuir: Laird of the should be envied for the great abun torical Society It was most enjoyable to walk Mines. dance of British Columbia history around around, glass and delicacies in hand, to view the Top right: Ron Welwood them to preserve and enjoy. and Derek Hayes, current exhibit: “A Century of Celebration.” author of the Historical Atlas British of THE ODOUR IS GONE—It is not clear why they Meeting old and newfriends gave one a real sense Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. kept it a secret, but the bad smell for which of community. During the expansion of the mu Centre left: Lilia D’Acres proudly shows the Port Alberni was infamous for years has now seum in the 1980s then curator JOHN MITCHELL 1999 Lieutenant-Governor’s Medalfor gone.The pulp null is idle and the kraft mill laid out the exhibits on the open storage concept. Historial Writing she and co-author Donald has been closed since November of 1993. This has to be one of the best museums in BC. Luxton reeceivedfrr their book Lions Gate - That’s great news for many who appreciate PLENARY SESSION—On Centre right: Three award-winning Nanaimo Port Alberni even better this way. Friday 112 people sat authors. From left to right: Margaret Horsfield down to face five well-chosen paneffists with (Cougar Annie’s Garden), Lynne Bowen On Thursday and Friday the focus of CONFER wide-ranging views and occupations within (Robert Dunsmuir: Laird of the Mines), ENCE 2000 was at the Echo Community Cen the discipline of history, convening around and Jan Peterson (Journeys: Down the tre, built in 1967 to celebrate Canada’s centenary. the conference theme, REFLECTIONS AND Alberm Canal to Barkley Sound). It houses the archives, museum, public library, and RENEWAL OF THE HERITAGEVIsI0N.The panel Bottom left: DtJoyce Clearihue, shown here conference rooms. A sports and fitness centre and was moderated by JEAN McINToSH. Each with editor Fred Braches, won the 1999 prize indoor pool were added in 1971 when British panelist was given the usual ten minutes to for the best article published in Volume 32 of Columbia celebrated its Centennial. share experiences and to explore connections British Columbia Historical News witb At registration the participants in Conference between their institutions or organizations. her contribution: “Fort Victoria and H.B. Co. 2000 received plenty ofinformation and little gjfts. BOB GRIFFIN, curator in the history sec Included were two books, Place Names of the of Doctors. “ (Volume 32 No. 1) tion the Royal BC Museum told of his Bottom Right: Author Margaret Horfield at Alberni Valley and Saw Logs on Steel Rails work on history projects in the regions away the book fair offering autographed copies of written by GEoRGE MCKvrGHr compliments of from the museum inVictoria, in partnership her book Cougar Annie’s Garden. the authoc Thank you M McKnIht!
BC HISTORiCAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 35
No.3 -VOL.33 NEWS BC HISTORICAL 36
a bus, great school
a sturdy with tour, estry four and Long Goose, Grumman Ranger Bell
fenced-rn
beehives,
well-secured containing
For a Mars, stationed fleet afternoon.The there includes TOUR—Friday two Martin FortxsTRY
forest the in
clearing
a
at large stopped we
the Flying
The on base to Lake. Sproat Tanker
from came honey the
where show
honey.To tour. the ended the waterfront around walk
us
bus an out took on started The ‘Thut
Industrial
of and jars books,
chairs,
miniature crafted brief A clients.
by ordered runs colour for dyes the
we
afternoon
Friday
TOUR—On LsTrUAL L’D
chainsaw— for draws by entertained ther for mixing used is also The kettle for magazines.
fur we were bus the on our tour During used stock coated the is preparedfor the clay where and ellists the audience.
citement. is top. This the from in freding pipes ten to pan eight the for been have sion beneficial might
ex
to the added nearby up rocks blowing about with in diametet fret or nine eight mately a ses the after coffee cup of panellists over
crew
road forestry The to watch. privilege approxi vessel, huge closed a Imagine interesting. the of 30 with discussion informal minutes
a
indeed and fascinating and thrilling It was is equally kitchen” “soup The diameter. in feet additional but an by audience, the presented
lbs.
25,000 to up log loads with minutes half 8 to 7 approximately and wide fret 20 over rolls were questions vision. the Interesting heritage
a
and
two in feet 12,000 of a rate at climbs huge in out coming and drying infrared through of renewal for on and reflection foundation
It
shift.
eight-hours
per of timber metres rollers on going finally and air-dried then dried, solid a are good, providing and eties, colleges
cubic thousand a as as much moves steam- on copter rollers, blankets by frlt out squeezed soci community volunteers, between tered
heli
The
truck.
waiting a onto them loads being water excess the screens, on the poured fos the being the that partnerships panelists
that
crane to
a
close logs the drops hopper, is slurry pulp the time the made:from being paper a be among to consensus appeared There
grass
a
monster like
looking helicopter, The to see fascinating is It more. any smell doesn’t areas. in populated hancement
ground. on
the
loaders no
requires and copter why is it that in Alberni, is produced pulp No en fish and of sites, heritage development
heli the
from
operated
is
hook hydraulic andAlaska. BC of parts northern infrom brought and in the retention of past history return
The
singly. logs
the up
picks
helicopter the pulp from produced are papers and coated print the encouraging councils, civic various with
Later
in
place. them
leave
and
as required news where Papers Pacflca through go to town partnerships in working volunteers munity
trees the
log
area,
the into
walk crews
to back logging us took bus the Then generations. many com of role the ofBCHF presented sentative
the
So up.
keep
could
crew
logging
no ates,
back going figures mythical depicting petroglyphs a repre and Society Historical Shore North
oper
this
aircraft
rate the At
pilots. changes
shown
we were Lake Sproat of part another At the of Roy college. the PALLANT at data
and
hour every
refuels
usually and lots
detection. fire as well as evacuations and information heritage collecting Society,
pi
three
sometimes and
two by
manned is
medical frrtilizing, seeding, cruising, for timber Archives Community
Nanaimo with ship
It
operations.
logging to here
adapted
been used
are helicopters The drop. its for site fire the partner in working is College,
at Malaspina
has
bridges,
Bailey
and
hospitals as
field
such
over directly
bomber water loaded each leading base department history of the
member DuNe,
items transport
to
military US the
by
the
to used
sites
fire about information back radioing culture. PATRICK
people’s her of part was
type,
helicopter
Crane.This
Flying
Sikorsky
plane,
a spotter as
acts Dog”as it “Bird nicknamed balance that
to show
a sculpture used Elaine
a
of
employment
the without
cessible
is
amphibian
This show. air an us give to arrival presentation,
In her cultures.
both
in works
inac
been
have
would
which
incline steep
our
awaiting
was
Goose Grumman the of pilot Elaine because interesting were particularly
a
on
harvested
were trees
where site
The ging
anymore.
them make
don’t treasured—they views Her of Kwagiulth. a branch ancestry,
helicopter-log a
to
driven were we
Next
and
maintained are
Mars, Hawaii the and Mars Lekwiltok of
is River,
Campbell
in School
booms.
the
within
water the in done was
the
Philippine two remaining
The originally. five Secondary at Timberline studies and social
stamping
identification logs
and
were examining There
Northwest.
the Pacific
in fires forest English teaches
who
PRICE,
val
data.
ELAINE
century,
nineteenth
the of
end
the
since and
fight to
price
bargain a at Navy US the from archi
of storage
electronic for guidelines of
ago
long
Not us.
before on
put
was
sorting
1959 in
purchased ground—were the
above stories need of the spoke Columbia, British of tion
log
and
unloading
of trailer
display five
to esting
four is
tail the
of t(p the and block city Associa
Archives the of
president and toria
inter very
log-sort.A land
dry a of example
a of
length
the
wingspan a
have bombers—they
ofVic
University at the
archivist TURNER,
fine
a
at
Lake
Sproat
by
was close route ging
water
Iviars
Martin
incredible The helicopters.
JANE
community the in people
local
the
with
log steep and rough often the on stop first
The
problems. the
aside Mcintosh.
set Jean experience moderator and shown: Not Price. Elaine and Grffin, Bob Pallant,
Roy
knowledge
Turne
technical Dunae,Jane
detailed Patrick and to right: left humour From session. plenary at the panellists The Above:
good
voice, strong
Malbon’s Neil
action,
SpEtle
John by Photo
of out be 11, to found immediately was bus the
in system address public the though Even
formation.
in written of set copious and chosen fully
care a containing folders red the were tant
impor Equally bus. the boarding to prior
just jackets marker and hats safety orange
our collected and Centre Echo the at tent
con tasty with boxes lunch well-marked up
picked We exciting. supremely and cational
edu
highly both was driver, skilful our FRED,
and Centre) Information Forestry Alberni
ofWeyerhaeuser’s MALB0N (NEIL guide tour against the encroachment of bears.As a very visionfor Captain Hodgson, then Port Alberni’c We ate an excellent lunch prepared by stu thoughtful end for a great afternoon the harbour master. Unfortunately this private resi dents of the NORTH ISLAND COLLEGE in full ADHS volunteers shared a large tin of dence can’t be seenfrom the road, but we were told chef’s regalia.The lunch was neatly arranged homemade cookies. Thanks to Fred, our that it has been savedfrom years of neglect and is in one of the four new replica buildings driver, who must be the fastest changer from now kept in excellent condition by its proud own which are readied as museum space, gift shop, econd to first gear on any hill, we remained ers. and restaurant. The McLean Mill visit was safe and in great spirits to the tell tale. Our tour ended with a stop at Harbour Quay most interesting. Being the older type ofmill for refreshments and a look around. Here were the with most of COUGAR ANNIE’S GARDEN—On Friday the machinery manufactured packet freighters Lady Rose and Frances and installed evening Margaret Horsfield presented a free by On-site blacksmiths, the proc Barkley, still serving Barkley Sound, and the ess slide show and talk ofher book CougarAnnie’Lc of moving and cutting the logs is a Banfleld Coast Guard boat, now out of the water straightforward Garden. It was difficult to judge which was process, easily understood, yet and under covei well guarded the best entertainment, the story of Cougar to be safe for visitors.We looked around Annie (Ada Annie Rae-Arthur, a colourful the operating steam sawmill and asked questions. west coast character) or the humorous man We were able to visit workers’ homes and ner with which Margaret related the story. YEAR 200 other buildings and talk to fel low Visitors This was a most enjoyable evening in an ideal and ADHS volunteers, always ready setting at the 1 930s Capitol Theatre. RICA to give information. A return visit to the mill is certainly to be considered. At this THE AGM—Saturday morning. Providing a time a rail track is being built connecting continental breakfast next to the layout for RENC Port Alberni station to McLean Mill. This the Annual General Meeting was a good idea; rort Alberni\.C. May 4 - summer, the 1929 locomotive that currently we lost less delegates and fewer than usual pulls rides along the Port Alberni industrial were late for the start of the meeting at 8:30 waterfront will extend its runs to the mill. A.M.The meeting was as usual managed well GAr AwARD by President Ron Welwood. We shall cher BANQUET—Shortly after six o’clock the conference ish his presence as past president at future particzpants, organizers and guests startedgathering committee meetings. Sincere congratulations in the Barclay Hotel ball room for the Gala Award and good wishes to our newly elected offic Banquet. PATiucIA MIi±.eR directed ers. Port Alberni’s renowned commu nity choir TIMBiz (pronounce “timber!”) assisted THE R0LLIN CENmE—On Saturday afternoon by accompanist DAvID PooN. The music included we enjoyed a lovely buffet-lunch at the Rollin Art Canadian composers which made it particularly Centre. The Rollin centre is a heritage house left interesting and enjoyable. After dinner the BCHF to the city by the owners. It is now the home ofthe awards were presented, the highlight being the Community Arts Council of the Alberni l4illey. Photo by Helmi Braches awarding of the Lieutenant Governor’s medal of The centre is used for art exhibitions and func Above: Port Albernic Anne Holt proudly passes the 1999 Writing Competition to LIUA D’Acs tions and it is rented out for weddings and other on “The Measure” to the 2001 hosts: the Rich and D0NAW LuxToNfor their book Lions Gate. occasions. We had the pleasure of meeting Karen mond Museum Society. All present had a wonderful time—the best part Poirier there, who is currently holding her exhibi was renewing old acquaintances from other his tion “Community Spirit” in the gallery. Every THE MCLEAN MILL—From 1926 till 1965 torical societies, some of whom we met last yeai one enjoyed her lovely watercolours of interesting the R.B. McLean Lumber Company was a some many years before. houses, agricultural details, gardens small family—run business. Located on 13 and in Port We said ourgoodbyes on Sunday morning ingor Alberni. hectares of forested land, the steam sawmill, geous sunshine. Situated in a truly beautjful part Our enthusiastic ADHS guides then took just outside Port Alberni, was designated a us ofBC, PortAlberni is a great community. It is the for a tour around city, showing National Historic Site in 1989. The mill is the us houses, gar people who it now owned and operated by the City ofPort make that. They have overcomegreat dens, murals and other points of notice. The mural obstacles. 14/hen Alberm through the AlberniValley Museum. something needs doing they roll that caught everyones attention was the Tenth up Machinery was donated to the city for the their sleeves and do it. They make the most of Avenue Automotive Parts and Repairs built by what they have. That is the spirit ofAlberni. the owner’i grandfat restoration ofthe mill.There was much work her in the late 1940s, It shows Two outstanding points must be men the businesss small beginnings complete with the to do, but now the mill has been restored and it is in operation. The official opening tioned on which all delegates must agree.The ownercfatherc cars infront of the old gas pumps. literature for visitors is on 1 July 2000, but participants provided for all events was excel Ofparticular appeal were the two oldest remain lent in the Conference 2000 were greeted by mill with an important part being the lists of ing houses on Tenth Avenue, one built forJudge people we would meet and manager DAVE MACDONALD, for a preview. the tides and af Hannah in 1905 and another frr Dr. AD. filiations ofvolunteers. Secondly the charm Morgan in 1906.A house that caught our inter When we arrived we had the privilege of being entertained by a hundred-year old ing presence 0fMEG SC0FFIELD who was eve est was shown on a drawing by Karen Poirier. It rywhere, surely made this most enjoyable visit is a house designed by Samuel Maclure and built daughter of the McLean family, MURIEL MCLEAN, possible. THANICS TO MEG AND THANK YOU TO in 1914 under the well-known architectc super- playing the piano. PORT ALBERNI. ‘-“
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 37 :4.
• .. .• I ‘fri .‘.
Afternoon tours: somehow it always kept dry when we needed it. Top row: Forestry Tour: Left: Ron Greene, Frances Gundry, and Kelsey McLeod listening to guide Neil Malbon as they get a close-up to helicopter- logging (Photos by Helmi Braches /John Spittle). Middle row: Tenth Avenue Station, Automotive Parts and Repai and the Maclure house as drawn by Karen Poirier. (Photos by Irene Alexander). Bottom Row: The mighty Martin Mars water bomber (under repair), and McLean Mill. (Photos by Leonard McCann / Helmi Braches).
38 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 i4
4f 1 $,1 :
e’ J ‘ - ‘‘.. ‘0
Year 2000 Conference Port Alberni 4-6May \j /
Clockwise from top left: (1) Meg Scoffield (Alberni District Historical Society),Jean McIntosh (Alberni 14i.lley Museum) and Mayor Gillian 7?umper; (2) Firstfamily: Wayne and Stephanie Desrochers and daughter Emilie; (3) Patricia Brammal and Ann Dodd; (4)Johnina Macaulay and Morag Maclachlan; (5) BCHF Council meeting early on Sunday morning, 7 May; (6) Joel and Sheila Vinge; (7) Peggy Imredy and Robin Brammal. (Photos 1,2, 5 and 6 by Helmi Braches. Photos 3, 4 and 7 by John Spittle).
BC HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 39 Federation News
P1usIDENT’s ANNUAL REPORT
How TIME FLIES. This is my third and final David Mattison of the Provincial Archives. history in education, and to develop and im report as President ofBC Historical Federa— As far as we know, this is the first annual, plement dedicated history courses in their tion (and just think, only one week ago I adjudicated cash award honouring individual curriculum requirements for both public and retired as Librarian at Selkirk College!).Also, initiative in the design and content ofaWeb private schools.” in a way, this is like a homecoming since I site devoted to history. Not even the Cana Both the Premier ofBC and the Minister grew up in Port Alberni and I have seldom dian Historical Association can make that of Education were informed of this resolu returned since I left at the age of 18. claim! The Council felt this was such an in tion. Fortunately, the teaching of history (or I am grateful for the dedicated work and novative and worthwhile suggestion that both social studies) in British Columbia has re commitment of the Table cently undergone a major revision Officers and other members and the new curriculum was imple of the Council By now you mented in all grades as of Septem should know who they are: ber 1999. The Ministry of Educa Len McCann, Honorary tion has also begun implementation President; Alice Glanville, of the recommendations of a recent Past President; Wayne Social Studies Task Force. Desrochers, FirstVice Presi The British Columbia Historical dent and President—elect; Federation presently has 29 mem Melva Dwyer, Second Vice ber societies representing almost President; Arnold Ranneris, 3,800 individual members.This is an Corresponding Secretary; impressive number but each one of Betty Brown, Recording us should try to convince those or Secretary; Member at Large, ganizations that do not presently Roy Pallant; and Ron belong to join our historic fold.The Greene,Treasurer (who man— Photo by Nelmi Braches greater the number, the greater our aged to retrieve almost $2,000 from the Fed the British Columbia Historical Federation impact with the decision makers. eral Government by claiming GST refunds and David Mattison sponsor the contest. The British Columbia Historical Federa from the past four years and has made sug Several weeks ago I applied to Industry tion has not yet developed a unique logo— gestions to establish a BCHF Endowment Canada for a simpler, more recognizable Fed any suggestions? Trust Fund). eration web address.Although our web page We are grateful to our hosts from the Our gratitude should also be extended to is still hosted at Selkirk College in Castlegar, Alberi District Historical Society and, par Committee Officers: Shirley Cuthbertson, our new domain address will now be ticularly, Meg Scoffield and all her commit Writing Competition; Frances Gundry, www.bchf.bc.ca. tee workers. I know these people have spent Scholarship (Essay) Committee as well as the In February, Canada’s National History many hours planning appropriate venues to British Columbia History Web Site Prize Society sponsored the First National Con educate us about the history and sites located Committee; Terry Simpson, Membership ference of Provincial Historical Societies in in the beautifulAlberiValley.We thank and Secretary; John Spittle, Historical Trails and Toronto. Both of your delegates (the two applaud them all for this conference. Markers; Margaret Stoneberg, Archivist; and Ronnies—Ron Greene and myself) were It has been an honour as well as a won Nancy Stuart-Stubbs, Publications Assistance. very impressed with the content, organiza derful and rewarding experience to have Our editor, Fred Braches, continues to tion and single-mindedness of the various served the Federation over the past three prod and probe the Federation into change. dedicated historical volunteers and profes— years. Although we have grown into a re He has also applied this philosophy to the sionals.The participants resolved to promote spectable organization, we should never for British Columbia Historical News by adding an and seek nominations for the Governor Gen get our developing pioneers. Dr. W. Kaye “Archives” column and modifying the look eral’s Medal for Excellence in Teaching Ca Lamb, who died in 1999, left the country a of the publication. Tony Farr and the Book nadian History. Also, the following resolu massive legacy of scholarly publications as Review Editor, Anne Yandile, complete his tion was unanimously passed by all ten prov well as this inspiring statement: “Any country team to make the News a very professional inces and two territorial representatives: worthy ofafuture should be interested in its past.” publication. To top it off our vigilant Sub “Whereas the provincial and territorial R.J. (RON) WnLwooD, PREsmEr.rr scription Secretary, Joel Vinge, has kept the historical societies and associations ofCanada subscription list up to date and cancelled the consider the teaching and understanding of Above: Simo Nurme, president ofAlberni magazine to delinquent subscribers. No more history vital to Canadian society. Be it re District Historical Society, presenting his freebies. solved, therefore, that we, the undersigned, society’s report at theAGM. Seated to his left The British Columbia History Web Site call on the provincial and territorial govern- arefrom left to right: Ron Weiwood, Arnold Prize was the result of a proposal made by menu of Canada to recognize the value of Ranneris Betty Brown, and Ron Greene.
40 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 Federation News
MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL GENE1L MEETING 1999/2000
Pon.TALBERNI 5 MAY 2000. Shirley thanked the three judges and in par history courses in their curriculum require PRESIDENT RON WELw00D called the meet ticular Peter Beckley, who is stepping down ments for both public and private schools. ing to order at AM, 8:45 and welcomed del and will need to be replaced. Ron Welwood has written the BC Premier egates and guests. Present were 55 registered and our Minister of Education. Scholarship Committee — Fran Gundry delegates representing 18 societies. Regrets This year, letters were sent to a number of received from Alice Glanville, Margaret PRESIDErqr’ S REPORT — Ron Weiwood professors of BC history. The deadline for Stoneberg, and Jack RoW As outgoing president, Ron Welwood ex entry is May 15. To date five have been re pressed his gratitude to all who assisted him Mn’u-ras or 1999 AGM IN MERRITr — moved ceived.The scholarship is for $500. over the past three years. Our new Web by Terry Simpson and seconded by Shirley ad dress is: www.bchf.bc.ca. Also reminded Cuthbertson for acceptance. Carried. members that we have not yet developed a
TREAsURER’S REPORT — Ron Greene unique logo for the Federation. Extended — Financial Statement was circulated. High special thanks to the Alberni District His lights:Year ended with a very substantial sur torical Society for hosting this Conference. plus due mainly to GST refunds, postal sub BC HIsToRY WEB SITE PRIZE — Fran Gundry sidy reinstalled, extra income accrued from This year’s winner was the Prince George the consolidation of the BCHN accounts Oral History Group. Treasurer requested to with the Federation’s administration ac forward cheque ($250) to counts. the recipients. —The Executive approved the establishment MEMBER COMMITTEE REPORTS:
of an Endowment Fund. The proposal is to Alberni District 1—listorical Society — this year’s build up a fund that will produce revenue Conference hosts. One of this year’s high that can be used to increase our support for lights will be the opening of the McLean Historical Ti’ails & Markers — John Spittle BC history. Mill. Anderson Brigade Trail — Charles Hou has
— KPMG Chartered Arrow Likes Historical Society — now have Accountants once again been advised by Culture Minister IanWaddell a provided their services without permanent downtown office and are busy charge. that the application for designating this as a Moved by Myrtle Haslam bringing archive items, publications etc. and seconded by “historic trail” is now going “through the to the new premises. Shirley Cuthbertson that the secretary write process.”
a letter of thanks to them. Carried. Gulf Islands Branch BCHF — serving the is Trans Canada Trail — not actively promoting We thank Ron Greene for his excellent lands ofPender, Mayne, Saturna and Galiano. serv it because, for the most part, it is a twenti ice as Treasurer. Lectures were held throughout the eth—century trail created for recreational use. year among the different islands. COMMITTEE REPORTS Membership — Terry Simpson Burnaby Historical Society — various speakers News Publishing Reported 1999 membership: 12 afflliates,31 throughout the year as well as a Christmas Tony Farr — encourage more sales of BC members; 2000 membership: 9 affiliates, 30 dinner.Their quarterly newsletter keeps their Historical News. Fred Braches welcomes members. 97 members up to date. ideas and suggestions for the News and espe Dues for member Societies and Afliliated Chemainus Valley Historical Society — forty cially would like to see more stories about Groups: Moved by Ron Greene and sec members to date with daytime luncheon women and minorities submitted. onded by Terry Simpson “that the dues for meetings. Quilters will be holding a raffle to member societies $1 Historical Writing Competition — Shirley and affiliated groups be raise money. per member of a member society Cuthbertson or affili Cowichan Historical Society — celebrated 25 Forty-two books were submitted, two re ated group with a minimum contribution of years of service to the Cowichan Valley in turned (one with a copyright date of 2000 $25 and a maximum of$75 per member so July 1999. An active society with its area of and one was a book of poetry). Last year’s ciety or affiliated group.” Carried. service and responsibility taking in a mu book sale brought in seum, over $1,000. CANADA’S NATIONAL HISTORY SOCIETY archives, maintaining a heritage build-. Shirley displayed the new medal (gold wreath Two delegates (Ron Weiwood and Ron ing with speakers at monthly meetings. surrounding silk screened logo mounted on Greene) attended the first annual conference House Tour planned on Mother’s Day. a small black marble slab).A East number ofmed ofprovincial historical societies in February Kootenay Historical Association — Associa als were ordered for the future. Other costs 2000. A resolution was unanimously passed tion supplies maps for the historic trails at associated with the competition included: to call on all provincial and territorial gov the Wildhorse and Fisherville area. Has of cash awards, banquet dinner for winners/ ernments to recognize the value of history fered support to the Wasa Historical Society guests, framed certificates and mail-out costs. in Canada and to develop and implement for publication of their book.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS SUMMER 2000 41 Kamloops — museum attendance was up by J”ncouver Historical Society — sponsored a regu BRrrIsH COLuI!l]MA HIST01UCIU.. almost 5.5% and archives by 70% over 1998. lar speakers’ series, and assistance was pro FEDEiTIoN Garden and house tours are planned. A ma vided to individuals publishing original his 2000 - 2001 SCHOLARSHIp jor expansion oftheir museum is underway. torical research. Applications should be submitted Koksilah School Historical Society —school is Victoria Historical — Society has had a satisfac before 55 May 2001 now a designated heritage site. Tom Henry tory year with excellent speakers at monthly The British Columbia Historical was chosen to write the history of Duncan. meetings. Members enjoyed several day trips Federa tion annually awards a $500 scholarship to London Heritage Farm (Richmond) - has been in 1999. a student successful in adding to or improving build completing third or fourth year at ELECTION OF OFFICERS/COUNCIL a British Columbia college or university. ings at the farm. Millennium project is a res Melva Dwyer standing in for Alice Glanville, To apply for the scholarship, candidates must toration of the old London Farm pond. chair of Nominating Committee. submit: Nanaimo Historical Society — Society received 1. A letter ofapplication. President Wayne Desrochers a certificate ofrecognition for dedicated serv 2. An essay of 1500-3000 words on a topic relát 1st Vice President Roy Pallant ice to the citizens of Nanaimo. Pamela Mar ing to the history ofBritish Columbia. The essay 2nd Vice President Melva Dwyer was named Citizen of the Year. The Society must be suitable for publication in British Co— Members at large Jacqueline Gresko lobbied successfully to keep Pioneer Cem lumbsa Historical News. Member at large etery Ron Hyde 3. A professor’s letter of recommendation.
Nelson Museum — new name “Nelson Mu Other officers: Treasurer (Ron Greene), Cor Send submissions before to 15 May 2001 to: seum, Art Gallery, Archives and Historical responding Secretary (Arnold Ranneris), Re Scholarship Committee, Society.” The first five of eight historical in cording Secretary (Betty Brown) remain un British Columbia Historical Federation terpretive panels along Nelson’s Centennial changed. P0 Box 5254, Station B. Pathway have been installed. Victoria BC V8R 1N4 NEW BUSINESS North Shore Historical Society — has enjoyed The winning Dtj Mar reminded us of the importance of essay wifi, and other selected sub well-attended monthly meetings. Have un missions may, be published in British Columbia His May 13 when Captain Meares’s ship Nootka dertaken community and school heritage torical News. landed on our shores, 215 years ago. His crew walks and given several slide and talk pres included 50 Chinese. He was pleased that entations. BC History Web Site Prize delegate name tags were in larger print this District 69 Historical Society Parksville — year and suggested that a printed list of del The British Columbia Historical Federation fundraising projects in 1999 included annual egates and locations would be helpful for fu and David Mattison are jointly sponsoring a bridge luncheon, a raffle, and garage and flea ture conferences yearly cash award of $250 to recognize Web market sales. Millennium project was the sites, longer than one page, that contribute publication ofMarjory Leffier’s Parksville and Our new president, Wayne Desrochers to the understanding and appreciation of Then Some. thanked our outgoing president, Ron British Columbia’s past. Judgement will be based on Richmond Museum Society — a new society that Weiwood, for his three years of outstanding historical con tent, has spent the last year learning how to func service. Thanks once again were expressed layout, design, and ease ofuse.The award honors individual initiative in writing and tion in its new role. This year will be spent to the Alberni District Historical Society for presentation. preparing and organizing next year’s BCHF hosting this conference. Meeting adjourned Nominations for the BC History Web Site Conference. at 11:45 AM. Prize for 2000 must be made to the British
Salt Spring Island Historical Society — under BETrY BRowN, Recording Secretary Columbia Federation,Web Site Prize Com direction of a new president, attendance and mittee, prior to 31 December 2000.Web site membership has increased. Historical map of creators and authors may nominate their own LOOKING FOR A NEW Salt Spring Island will be available this sum JUDGE sites. I would like to thank all past judges, in Prize rules and the online nomitation form mer. particular Peter Beckley, our most recent can be found on The British Columbia His Silvery Slocan Historical Society — restoration “retiree.” tory Website: http://www.victoria.tc.ca/re ofthe museum building has allowed for more The Writing Competition needs a new sources/bchistory-announcements.htlm. space for exhibits. Award received from BC judge. If you are willing to devote part of your year to reading newly published books Heritage for this restoration. on British Columbia history please contact A Certificate of Merit and fifty dollars will be
Surrey Historical Society — sponsors an annual Shirley Cuthbertson. It is a great advantage awarded annually to the author of the article, essay contest.Will be actively engaged in re— to be familiar with BC history, and useful to published in BC Historical J\Tews, that best en minding the decision makers of the impor have written and published articles or books. hances knowledge of British Columbia’s his It is a rewarding volunteer job, one for tory and provides reading enjoyment. Judging tance of Surrey’s history in the planning of people with a real mind for history. will be based on subject development, writing the new Surrey Museum. Contact: Shirley Cuthbertson, #306-255 skill, freshness of material, and appeal to a gen Belleville Street, Victoria BC V8V 4T9 eral readership interested (2o) 382—0288 in all aspects ofBC History
MANU5cIUPTs SUBMITrEO FOP. PUBLICATION should be sent to the Editor, BC Historical News, P0 Box 130, Whonnock BC V2W 1V9. Submission by e-mail of text and illustrations is welcome. Otherwise please send a hard copy and if possible a disk copy of the manuscript by ordinary mail. Illustra tions should be accompanied by captions and source information. Submissions should not be more than 3,500 words, Authors publishing for the first time in the British Columbia Historical News will receive a one-year complimentary subscription to the journal.
42 BC HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL.33 No.3 Index Volume 32 From 32:1 (winter 1998-1999) to 31:4 (fall iç) by Melva Dwyer, Librarian Emerita
The general index is arranged in three sections for authors, tides, and subjects. Book reviews appear after the general index. There are just four articles in this volume without illustrations. These are identified with an asterisk. Illustrations having appeared on covers are listed under the subject ILLUSTRATIONS, COVER. No attempts have been made to identify the numerous other illustration.s.The informa tion included in each entry is as follows: 32:4 (1999): 15_16.* This may be interpreted as meaning voulume 32, issue number 4, year 1999, pages 15 and 16, an article without illustrations.
ROGERS,A. C. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains. 32:2 AUTHORS (1999): 21-23. RUTHERFORD, Elizabeth with V. C. Brink. Knox McCusker: Dominion BARMAN,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Land Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. BELYK, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. SCHLAPPNER, Carrie. Unapologetically Jewish: Unapologetically BRACHES, Fred.A HistoricalAspect of the Fire of 1898.32:3 (1999): 29.* Canadian. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. BRINK,V. C. Lytton Alfalfa. 32:1 (1998-99):17. SUTTLES,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Dominion Land WATSON, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. WELWOOD, Ron. Lowery PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. —.ThankYou Naomi and Peter. 32:2 (1999): 1.* [BURNABY, Robert]. My Dearest Harriet ... from Robert, February 28, 1860. 32:1 (1998-99): 29_30.* YANDLE,Anne.W. Kaye Lamb. 32:4 (1999): 3. CARLSON, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. TITLES CLARK,Adrian.AWord fromAdrian Clark: President of theVancouver Historical Society. 32:4 (1999): 2. Against aTide of Change:An Interpretation of the Writings of Simma Holt, CLEARIHUE,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 1960-1974 by Laura Duke. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. 30-34. The Apprenticeship ofJames Murray Yale byYvonne Mearns Klan. 32:4 COLE,Jean Murray. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 (1999): 37-42. (1999): 31-36. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters by Jean Murray Cole. 32:4 COTTON, H. Barry.The Retribution of D.G.E Macdonald C.E. 32:1 (1999): 31-36. (1998-99): 14-16. A Capilano Love Story by Patricia Koretchuk. 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. —Walter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998-99): 11— Captain George Vancouver: 200Years Dead on May 12th, 1998 by B. Guild 14. Gillespie. 32:2 (1999): 2-3. CUTHBERTSON, Shirley. H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1 The Coast Salish in the Journals by Wayne Suttles. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. (1998-99): 6-10. Edward Marriner, Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan: An Annotated Summary of DUKE, Laura.Against aTide of Change:An Interpretation of the Writings His Diaries 1862-1884 byJ.A. Green. 32:2 (1999): 18-20. ofSimma HoIt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. Family Life at Fort Langley by Jean Barrnan. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. DUNN, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at Family Life at Fort Langley by Bruce M.Watson. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. NuxalkTerritory, 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors by Joyce Clearihue. 32:1 (1998-99): 30-34. GILLESPIE, B. Guild. Captain GeorgeVancouver: 200Years Dead on May The Founding of Fort Langley by Morag Maclachian. 32:4 (1999): 4-8. 12th, 1998. 32:2 (1999): 2-3. H. B. MacLearfs Method ofwriting by Shirley Cuthbertson. 32:1 (1998-99): GREEN,J.A. Edward Marriner Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan:An 6-10. Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884. 32:2 (1999): 18-20. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains byA. C. Rogers. 32:2 KLAN,Yvonne Mearns.The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 (1999): 21-23. (1999): 37-42. A Historical Aspect of the Fire of 1898 by Fred Braches. 32:3 (1999): 29.* KOR.ETCHUK, Patricia.A Capilano Love Story 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. History Is Alive and Well by Morag Maclachlan. 32:4 (1999): 3•* LANE, Richard J. “Writing the Coast”: Bertrand William Sinclair’s BC Joseph Whidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Pacific Northwest by Stories. 32:3 (1999): 26-29. John M.Naish.32:3 (1999): 11-15. MACLACHLAN, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 4-8. The Keepers of the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 30. History Is Alive and Well. 32:4 (1999): 3•* Knox McCusker: Dominion Land Surveyor byV. C. Brink and Elizabeth —,——-—.YouAreAsked to Witness. 32:4 (1999): 9. Rutherford. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. MEYERS, LeonardW StylizedArrows and Compass Roses:The Declining Lowery PO’d by Ron Welwood. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. North Point. 32:2 (1999): 8-9. Lytton Alfalfa byV. C. Brink. 32:1 (1998-99): 17. MILLER, Dale and Archie. “On Account of Loss Suffered by Fire”:The Managing Multiple Narratives:Alexander Mackenzie at Nuxalk Territory Human Aspect of New Westminster’s Great Fire. 32:3 (1999): 24-25. 1793 by Sam Dunn. 32:3 (1999): 16-23.
NAISH,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the My Dearest Harriet ... from Robert, February 28, 1860 by [Robert Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. Burnaby]. 32:1 (1998-99): 29_30.* PARENT, Rosemarie.The Story ofEstella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley journals by Keith I RICHARD, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water Carlson. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. Rights, and the Tragedy ofNo Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. “On Account of Loss Suffered by Fire”:The Human Aspect of New ROBERTS,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. Westminster’s Great Fire by Dale andArchie Miller. 32:3 (1999): 24-25.
B.C. HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 43
44
33 . No. NEWS B.C. HISTORICAL -VOL.
10-17. 32:2 (1999): No and Commons. the of Tragedy Rights,
the
and Rights, Commons. Tragedy No 32:2 of 10-17. (1999): Natives,Water Okanagan Runs the Dry: Ditch When George. Richard,
Richard,
the George.When Runs Ditch Dry: Natives,Water Okanagan 14.
CANADA.
OF DEPARTMENT INDIANAFFAIRS 11— (1998-99): 32:1 Pathfinder. Forgotten Walter Moberly:A
Roberts,J. E. in Sunday” 4-7. “Vancouver 32:2 Victoria. (1999): 99): 14-16.
32:2 2-3. (1999):
(1998- C.E. 32:1 Macdonald D.G.E of H. Cotton, Retribution BarryThe 12 th,
B. Gillespie,
May on Dead George Captain Guild. 200Years Vancouver: SIR JAMES DOUGLAS,
BARON CAMELFORD,
30-34. (1998-99): Doctors. 32:1 H.B.Co. & FortVictoria Clearihue,Joyce.
29_30..* DOCTORS
My
from
Dearest 28, Harriet February Robert, 1860.32:1(1998-99): ... 4-7. Victoria. 32:2 E. (1999): in “Vancouver Sunday” Roberts,J.
BURNABY,
ROBERT 32:3 11-15. (1999): Northwest. Pacific
Parent,
30. of Story 32:2 (1999): Hartt. Estella Rosemarie.The the of Explorer Forgotten Nearly Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A
BIRD’S B.C. LANDING,
2-3.
32:2 (1999):
12 th,
& Clearihue,Joyce. 30-34. 32:1 (1998-99): H.B.Co. FortVictoria Doctors. May Dead on Years 200 Guild. Vancouver: George Captain B. Gillespie,
BENSON, ALFRED ROBSON THE DISCOVERY
(1999): Territory Nuxalk 16-23. 1793.32:3 18-20. (1999): of 1862-1884.32:2 His Diaries Summary Annotated
Dunn, at Sam. Multiple Mackenzie Managing Narratives:Alexander Cowichan:An of Farmer Pioneer Edward Marriner Green,J.A.
COOLA BELLA VALLEY, B.C. DIARIES
30. The of Keepers Journals. (1999): 32:4 the 8-9. 32:2 (1999): North Point.
GEORGE BARNSTON, Declining Roses:The Compass and Arrows Stylized Leonard W. Meyers,
Stories. 32:3 (1999): 26-29. DESIGNS
J.
BC Richard the Lane, William Bertrand Sinclair’s Coast.”: “Writing see DEPRESSION GREAT DEPRESSION
Simma 32:2 Holt, of 24-29. (1999): 1960-1974. 18-23. (1998-99): 32:1
of Writings the aTide Interpretation of Duke, Change:An Laura.Against Canadian. Unapologetically Jewish: Carrie. Unapologetically Schlappner,
AUTHORS ORGANIZATIONS CULTURAL
37-42. (1999): (1999): 21-23.
32:4 MurrayYale. ofJames Apprenticeship Klan,Yvonne Mearns.The 32:2 Mountains. Shore the North of C. Echoes Historic Rogers,A.
EXPEDITION ATHABASCA VANCOUVER NORTH MOUNTAIN — CROWN
30. (1999): of 32:2 Estella Story Hartt. Rosemarie.The Parent, 18-20. 32:2 (1999): 1862-1884. of Diaries His Summary Annotated
LAKES ARROW Cowichan:An of Farmer Pioneer Edward Marriner, Green,J.A.
37-42. (1999): VALLEY COWICHAN
32:4 MurrayYale. ofJames Apprenticeship Mearns.The Kian,Yvonne COVER ILLUSTRATIONS, see ILLUSTRATIONS COVER
APPRENTICESHIPS 31-36. (1999):
17. (1998-99): Alfalfa. 32:4 32:1 C. Letters. Lytton Brink,V Langley Fort McDonald’s Archibald Murray. Cole,Jean
ALFALFA (1998-99): 32:1 1860. 29_30.*
10-17. (1999): 28, 32:2 No Commons. of Tragedy Robert, the February and Rights, from Harriet Dearest My Robert]. ... [Burnaby,
Natives,Water Okanagan (1999): Runs the Dry: Ditch 32:3 1898. of Richard, Fire the of George.When 29.* Aspect Historical Fred.A Braches,
30. (1999): 32:2 Hartt. Story ofEstella Rosemarie.The Parent, CORRESPONDENCE
18-20. (1999): Diaries of 1862-1884.32:2 His Summary 8-9. Annotated 32:2 (1999): Point. North
of Declining Cowichan:An Roses:The Farmer Pioneer Marriner Edward Compass and Green,J.A. Arrows W. Stylized Leonard Meyers,
17. (1998-99): 32:1 Lytton Alfalfa. Brink,VC. COMPASSES
SERVICES MEMORIAL see AGRICULTURE SERVICES COMMEMORATIVE
11-14.
SUBJECTS
32:1 (1998-99): Pathfinder. Forgotten Moberly:A Walter Barry H. Cotton,
COLUMBIATRAIL
THORNTON
ROBERT LOWERY, see BOB COLONEL 9. (1999): 32:4 by Maclachlan. Morag Witness Are to Asked You
10-13. 32:4 (1999):
Journals. the in Salish Coast Suttles,Wayne.The 26-29. 32:3 (1999): Lane.
SALISH COAST by RichardJ. Stories BC Sinclair’s William Bertrand the Coast”: “Writing
see MOUNTAINEERING CLIMBING 2. (1999): 32:4 Clark. Adrian
37-42. (1999): by Society Historical Vancouver the of President Clark: fromAdrian AWord
32:4
MurrayYale.
ofJohn
Apprenticeship Mearns.The Klan,Yvonne 10-17. (1999): 32:2 Richard. George by Commons No of Tragedy
JOHN CLARKE, the and Rights, Natives,Water Okanagan Dry: the Runs Ditch When
4-7. (1999): 32:2
Victoria. in
Sunday” “Vancouver E. Roberts,J. 99): 11-14.
CHATHAM (1998- 32:1 Cotton. by Barry H. Pathfinder Forgotten Moberly:A Walter
see MAPS CHARTING 3. (1999): 32:4 byAnneYandle. Lamb W Kaye
2-6.
(1999):
32:3
PacifIc.
ofThe
Loss
the
and C.Victoria Robert Belyk, 2-6. (1999): 32:3 Belyk. C. by Robert Paqfic Loss and the oflhe Victoria
B.C. CASSIAR, 4-7. (1999): 32:2 E. byJ. Roberts. inVictoria Sunday” “Vancouver
11-14. 18-23. 32:1 (1998-99):
(1998-99): 32:1
Pathfinder. Forgotten
Moberly:A Walter H. Barry Cotton, Schlappner. by Carrie Canadian Unapologetically Jewish: Unapologetically
ROAD CARIBOO (1999): 32:2 Ron Weiwood. Peter by and 1.* Naomi ThankYou
24-28. (1998-99):
32:1
Story
Love
Capilano Patricia.A Koretchuk, 8-9. 32:2 (1999): Meyers. LeonardW
B.C.
VANCOUVER,
NORTH AREA CAPILANO by Point — North Declining and Roses:The Compass Stylized Arrows
11-14. 30. (1999): 32:2 Parent. by Estella Rosemarie Hartt of The Story
(1998-99): 32:1 Pathfinder. Forgotten
Moberly:A H. Barry.Walter Cotton, 14-16. (1998-99):
RAILWAY PACIFIC CANADIAN 32:1 Cotton. Barry
by C.E. H.
D.G.E Macdonald of Retribution The ____ DOUKHOBORS Duke, Laura. Against a Tide of Change: An Interpretation of the Writings Carison, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley ofSimma Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. ECONOMICS Cole,Jean Murray. Archibald McDonaId Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. (1999): 31-36. Cole,Jean Murray. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 The Keepers oftheJournals. 32:4 (1999): 30. (1999): 31-36. KIan,Yvonne Mearns. The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 Richard, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water (1999): 37-42. Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. Maclachian, Morag. The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Watson, Bruce M. FamilyLife at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. —,———.YouAreAsked to Witness. 32:4 (1999): 9. EDITORS Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. Welwood, Ron. Lowery PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 24-30.
—, —.ThankYou Naomi and Peter. 32:2 (1999): 1.* FORT ST,JOHN, B .C.
EDUCATION — BRITISH COUMBIA Brink,V C. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Cuthbertson, Shirley. H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1 Dominion Land Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. (1998-99): 6-10. FORT Victoria ENGINEERS Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998- Cotton, H. Barry The Retribution of D.G.E Macdonald C.E. 99): 30-34. 32:1 (1998-99): 14-16. FRASER RIVER —Walter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998-99): 11- Carlson, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort 14. LangleyJournals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Pacific Maclachlan, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. 4-8. ETHNICITY Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Fort LangleyJournals. 32:4 (1999): Schlappner, Carrie. Unapologetically Jewish: Unapologetically Canadian. 10-13. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. FUR TRADE EXPLORATION Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives:Alexander Mackenzie at Carlson, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley NuxalkTerritory 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200Years Dead on May Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at l2’, 32:2 (1999): 2-3. Nuxalk Territory, 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. Maclachian, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Klan,Yvonne Mearns. The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the (1999): 37-42. Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. Maclachlan, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. FARMING see AGRICULTURE Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 24-30. FEDERATION NEWS GINSENG 32:2 (1999): 38-40; 32:3(1999): 38-41. Parent, Rosemarie.The Story ofEstella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. FIRES GOLD MINING Braches, Fred.A Historical Aspect of the Fire of 1898. 32:3 (1999): 29.* Belyk, Robet C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe PacfIc. 32:3 (1999): 2-6.
[Burnaby Robert]. My Dearest Harriet ... from Robert, February 28, GREAT DEPRESSION 1860. 32:1 (1998-99): 29_30.* Koretchuk, Patricia.A Capilano Love Story. 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. Miller, Dale and Archie. “On Account of Loss Suffered by Fire”: The GROUSE MOUNTAIN NORTH VANCOUVER Human Aspect of New Westminster’s Great Fire. 32:3 (1999): 24-25. Rogers,A. C. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains. 32:2 FIRST NATIONS (1999): 21-23. Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. HAND WRITING Carlson, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley Cuthbertson, Shirley H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1 (1998- Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. 99): 6-10. Cole,Jean Murray Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 HARRISON LAKE/LILLOOET TRAIL (1999): 31-36. Cotton, H. Barry. Walter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998- Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at 99): 11-14. Nuxalk Territory 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. HARTT, ESTELLA Maclachlan, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Parent, Rosemarie.The Story ofstella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. Richard, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water HELMCKEN,JOHN SEBASTIAN Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. 34. Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 24-30. HERBS FISHING INDUSTRY Parent, Rosemarie.The Story of Estella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. Cole,Jean Murray Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 HIKING (1999): 31-36. Rogers,A. C. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains. 32:2 Maclachlan, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 4-8. (1999): 21-23. Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in theJournals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. HOLT, SIMMA FORT LANGLEY, B. C. Duke, Laura. Against a Tide of Change: An Interpretation of the Writings Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley 32:4 (1999): 16-23. ofSimma Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29.
B.C. HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 45 HOOK AND LADDER Co. LITERATURE
[Burnaby, Robert]. My Dearest Harriet ... from Robert, February 28, Lane, Richard. “Writing the Coast”: BertramWilliam Sinclair’s BC 1860. 32:1 (1998-99): 29_30.* Stories. 32:3 (1999): 26-29. HOWELL,JEFFERSON D. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY LOWERY, ROBERT THORNTON Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Weiwood, Ron. Lowery PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. Carison, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley LYTTON, B.C. Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. Brink,V. C. LyttonAlfalñ. 32:1 (1998-99): 17. Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- McDONALD,ARCHIBALD 34. Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Cole,Jean Murray.Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 Cole,Jean Murray. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 (1999): 31-36. (1999): 31-36. Klan,Yvonne Mearns.The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 The Keepers of the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 30. (1999): 37-42. MacDONALD, DUNCAN GEORGE FORBES Machiachian, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Cotton, H. Barry.The Retribution of D.G.E Macdonald C.E. 32:1 Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. (1998-99): 14-16. Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. McGONIGLE FAMILY ILLUSTRATIONS, COVER Miller, Dale and Archie. “On Account of Loss Suffered by Fire”:The Captain GeorgeVancouver— Portrait. 32:2 (1999). Human Aspect of New Westminster’s Great Fire. 32:3 (1999): 24-25. H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting Compendium Examples. 32:1 McHALSIE, SONNY (1998-99). Maclachian, Morag.You Are Asked to Witness. 32:4 (1999): 9.
Portrait ofCowichan Chief”Saw - se - a”. 32:4 (1999). McKAy ALEXANDER The Side -Wheeler Pacific. 32:3 (1999). Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at IMMIGRATION NuxalkTerritory 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. Schlappner, Carrie. UnapologeticallyJewish: Unapologetically Canadian. MACKENZIE,ALEXANDER 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives:Alexander Mackenzie at IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Nuxalk Territory 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. Richard, George. When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water Maclachlan, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. McCUSKER, KNOX JEWISH COMMUNITY Brink,V C. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Dominion Schlappner, Carrie. UnapologeticallyJewish: Unapologetically Canadian. Land Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 6-10. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. MacLEAN, HENRY BOVYER JOURNALISM Cuthbertson, Shirley. H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1 (1998- Duke, Laura.Against a Tide of Change:An Interpretation of the Writings 99): 6-10. of Sirnma Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. McLOUGHLIN,JOHN JOURNALS Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoira & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. 34. Carlson, KeithT. Natives in the FurTrade: Looking at the Fort Langley McMILLAN,James Journals. 32:4 (1999): 13-15. The Keepers of the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 30. The Keepers of the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 30. MAPS Maclachian, Morag.The Founding of Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 4-8. Meyers, LeonardW Stylized Arrows and Compass Roses:The Declining Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. North Point. 32:2 (1999) 8-9.
Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. MAPS — PACIFIC NORTHWEST COAST Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200Years Dead on May 12th, KENNEIYsç JOHN FREDERICK 1998. 32:2(1999): 2-3. Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the 34. Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. LAND SURVEYORS Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. Brink,VC. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Dominion Land MARRINER, EDWARD Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. Green, J. A. Edward Marriner, Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan: An Cotton, H. Barry The Retribution of D.EG. Macdonald C.E. 32:1 Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884.32:2 (1999): 18-20. (1998-99): 14-16. MEMORIAL SERVICES —.Walter Moberly: A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1(1998-99): 11- Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. 14. MILLER, NAOMI AND PETER 2.* THE LEDGE Weiwood, Ron.ThankYou Naomi and Peter. 32:2 (1999): Welwood, Ron. Lowery PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-R MOBERL\’ Walter LETTERS see CORRESPONDENCE Cotton, H. BarryWalter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 99): 11-14. Leonoff Cyril. Response to: Duke, Laura. Against a Tide of Change:An MOUNTAINEERING Interpretation of the Writings of Sinmia Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 Rogers,A. C. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains. 32:2 (1999): 24-29; 32:4 (1999): 47-48. (1999): 21-23. THE LIONS NEWWESTMINSTER, B. C. 29.* Rogers, A. C. Historic Echoes of the North Shore Mountains. 32:2 Braches, Fred.A Historical Aspect of the Fire of 1898. 32:3 (1999): (1999): 21-23. Cotton, H. Barry.The Retribution of D.G.F Macdonald C.E. 32:1
B.C. HISTORICAL NEWS -VOL. No. 46 33 .3 (1998-99): 14-16. REESE,W. S. Miller Dale and Archie. “On Account of Loss Suffered by Fire”:The Green,J.A. Edward Marriner Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan:An Human Aspect of New Westminster’s Great Fire. 32:3 (1999): 24-25. Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884. 32:2 (1999): 18-20. NEWS AND NOTES RIPARIAN RIGHTS 32:1 (1998-99): 35; 32:2 (1999): 36-37; 32:3 (1999): 42-44; 32:4 (1999): Richard, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water 46-47. Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. NEWSPAPERS ROBERTSON, COLIN Weiwood, Ron. Lowery PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. Klan,Yvonne Mearns.The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 NORTH POINT (1999): 37-42. Meyers, LeonardW. Stylized Arrows and Compass Roses:The Declining ROBINSON,J. North Point. 32:2 (1999): 8-9. Richard, George. When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water NORTHVANCOUVER - CAPILANO AREA Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. Koretchuk, Patricia.A Capilano Love Story 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. ROCKY MOUNTAINS NORTHWEST FUR TRADING COMPANY Brink,V C. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Dominion Land Cole, Jean Murray. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. (1999): 3 1-36. THE ROYAL ENGINEERS Klan,Yvonne Mearns.The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 Cotton, H. Barry Walter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998- (1999): 37-42. 99): 11-14. NUXALK NATION SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe Pacflc. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. NuxalkTerritory, 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. SAWYER, SAMUEL A. OBITUARIES Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofl’he Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. Yandle,Anne.W. Kaye Lamb. 32:4 (1999): 3. SCANEWAH OKANAGANVALLEY Suttles,Wayne.The Coast Salish in the Journals. 32:4 (1999): 10-13. Richard, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives, Water SCHOOLTEACHERS Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. Cuthbertson, Shirley. H.B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1(1998- ORPHEUS 99): 6-10. Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss of’rhe PaojIc. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. SEED CULTIVATION PACIFIC Brink,VC. LyttonAlfalfa. 32:1 (1998-99): 17. Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofThe Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. SHIPWRECKS PACIFIC NORTHWEST COAST Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofl’he Pacgh. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives:Alexander Mackenzie at SIMPSON, GOVERNOR GEORGE Nuxalk Territory 1793.32:3 (1999): 16-23. Cole,Jean Murray Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200Years Dead on May (1999): 31-36. 12”, 32:2 (1999): 2-3. SINCLAIR, BERTRAND Wiffiam Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Lane, RichardJ. “Writing the Coast”: Bertrand Wiffiam Sinclair’s BC Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. Stories. 32:3 (1999): 26-29. Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS PEACE RIVER AREA Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Brink,VC. and Elizabeth Rutherford. Knox McCusker: Dominion Land Clearthue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- Surveyor. 32:3 (1999): 7-10. 34. PELMAN, MINNIE Cole,Jean Murray. Archibald McDonald’s Fort Langley Letters. 32:4 Schlappner, Carrie. UnapologeticallyJewish: Unapologetically Canadian. (1999): 31-36. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. Duke, Laura.Against aTide of Change:An Interpretation of the Writings PIONEER LIFE of Simma Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Koretchuk, Patricia.A Capilano Love Story 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- Schlappner Carrie. UnapologeticallyJewish: Unapologetically Canadian. 34. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. Green,J.A. Edward Marriner, Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan:An Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884. 32:2 (1999): 18-20. SPROA GILBERT M. Parent, Roseniarie.The Story ofEstella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. Cotton, H. Barry.The Retribution of D.G.E Macdonald C.E. 32:1 Watson, Bruce M. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 24-30. (1998-99): 14-16. PIT1 THOMAS WILLIAM STO:LO NATION Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200Years Dead on May Maclachlan, Morag.You Are Asked to Witness. 32:4 (1999): 9. 12th, 1998. 32:2(1999): 2-3. SURVEYING, HYDROGRAPHIC Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the POPULATION GROWT’H Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11—15. Schlappner Carrie. UnapologeticallyJewish: Unapologetically Canadian. SURVEYOR see LAND SURVEYORS 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. SYMPOSIUMS POSTAL SERVICES Clark,Adrian.A Word fromAdrian Clark: President of theVancouver Weiwood, Ron. Lowemy PO’d. 32:1 (1998-99): 2-5. Historical Society. 32:4 (1999): 2. QUEENSBOROUGH, B. C. THOMPSON, MARGARET KELLY Cotton, H. BarryThe Retribution ofD.G.E Macdonald C.E. 32:1 Koretchuk, Patricia.A Capilano Love Story 32:1 (1998-99): 24-28. (1998-99): 14-16. TOLMIE,WILLIAM FRASER Clearihue,Joyce. FortVictoria & H.B.Co. Doctors. 32:1 (1998-99): 30- 34.
B.C. HISTORICAL NEWS - SUMMER 2000 47 TRAIL BLAZERS Bocking, Richard C. Mighty River:A Portrait of the Fraser. Reviewed by Cotton, H. BarrWalter Moberly:A Forgotten Pathfinder. 32:1 (1998-99): George Newell. 32:1 (1998-99): 39-40. 11-14. Bridge, Kathryn. By Snowshoe, Buckboard and Steamer:Women of the Dunn, Sam. Managing Multiple Narratives: Alexander Mackenzie at Frontier. Reviewed by Frances Lew. 32:3 (1999): 30-31. NuxaikTerritor 1793. 32:3 Buck, George H. From Summit to Sea: Illustrated History of Railroads in (1999): 16-23. British Columbia and Alberta. Reviewed by Robert D.Turner. 32:1 VANCOUVER, CAPTAIN GEORGE (1998-99): 36-37. Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200 Years Dead on May Burne, Charles S.The Fraser River Gold Fever of 1858. Reviewed by Fred 12th, 1998. 32:2 (1999): 2-3. Braches. 32:3 (1999): 32. Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Burton, E.C. and Robert S.Grant.Wheels, Skis and Floats:The Northern Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. Adventures of a Pioneer Pilot. Reviewed by Kirk Salloum. 32:3 (1999): Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. 35-36. VANCOUVER, B. C. Cathers,Arthur. Beloved Dissident Eve Smith, 1904-1988. Reviewed by Schlappner, Carrie. Unapologetically Jewish: Unapologetically Canadian. Linda L. Hale. 32:1 (1998-99): 37. 32:1 (1998-99): 18-23. Cubs, Raymond.Vancouver’s Society of Italians. Reviewed by Gordon VICTORIA, B.C. Elliott. 32:3 (1999): 33-34. Belyk, Robert C.Victoria and the Loss ofl’he Pacific. 32:3 (1999): 2-6. Day, Frances Martin, Phyffis Spence and Barbara Ladouceur, eds.Women Green,J.A. Edward Marriner Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan:An Overseas: Memoirs of the Red Cross Corps. Reviewed by Naomi Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884.32:2 (1999): 18-20. Miller. 32:2 (1999): 36. VOYAGES Gillis,John Graham. “A Lovely Letter from Cecie”:The 1907-1915 Gillespie, B. Guild. Captain George Vancouver: 200 Years Dead on May Vancouver Diary and World War I Letters ofWallace Chambers. 12th, 1998.32:2(1999): 2-3. Reviewed by Adam Waldie. 32:2 (1999): 33-34. Green,J.A. Edward Marriner, Pioneer Farmer of Cowichan:An Hanson, Frances, comp. Memories of Osland. Reviewed by Phyllis Reeve. Annotated Summary of His Diaries 1862-1884. 32:2 (1999): 18-20. 32:4(1999): 45. Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Hope and FortyAcres. Reviewed by Edward L.Affleck. 32:1 (1998-99): 37- Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11-15. 38. Roberts,J. E. “Vancouver Sunday” inVictoria. 32:2 (1999): 4-7. Lillard, Charles with Terry Glavin.AVoice Great Within Us. Reviewed by WATER RIGHTS George Newell. 32:3 (1999): 35. Richard, George.When the Ditch Runs Dry: Okanagan Natives,Water MacGregor,J. G. Peter Fidler: Canada’s Forgotten Explorer, 1769-1822. Rights, and the Tragedy of No Commons. 32:2 (1999): 10-17. Reviewed by Barry Gough. 32:3 (1999): 36-37. WHIDBE\JOSEPH Maclachlan, Morag, ed.The Fort LangleyJournals, 1827-30. Reviewed by Naish,John M.JosephWhidbey:A Nearly Forgotten Explorer of the Brian Gobett. 32:4 (1999): 44-45. Pacific Northwest. 32:3 (1999): 11—15. Merilees, Bill. Newcastle Island:A Place of Discovery. Reviewed by Phyllis WOMEN Reeve. 32:3 (1999): 31. Duke, Laura.Against aTide of Change:An Interpretation ofthe Writings Muckle, Robert J.The First Nations ofBritish Columbia: An ofSimma Holt, 1960-1974. 32:2 (1999): 24-29. Anthropological Survey. Reviewed byJos Dyck. 32:1 (1998-99): 38-39. Parent, Rosemarie.The Story ofEstella Hartt. 32:2 (1999): 30. Norton,Wayne and Naomi Miller.The Forgotten Side of the Border. WRITING METHODS Reviewed by Edward L.Affleck. 32:1 (1998-99): 38. Cuthbertson, Shirley. H. B. MacLean’s Method ofWriting. 32:1 (1998-99): Ommundsen, Peter D.The Bowen Island Passenger Ferries:The Sannie 6-10. Transportation YALE,JAMES MURRAY Company 1921-1956. Reviewed by Gordon Effiott. 32:2 (1999): 35-36. Barman,Jean. Family Life at Fort Langley. 32:4 (1999): 16-23. Patenaude, Branwen. Golden Nuggets, Roadhouse Portraits Along the Klan,Yvonne Mearns.The Apprenticeship ofJames MurrayYale. 32:4 Cariboo’s Gold-Rush Trail. Reviewed by Esther Darlington. 32:3 (1999): 37-42. (1999): 31-32. Pollard, Douglas EW Peetz:A Reel for AilTime. Reviewed by Kelsey BOOK REVIEWS McLeod. 32:1 (1998-99): 28. Porsild, Charlene. Gamblers and Dreamers:Women, Men and Community in the Klondike. Reviewed by Lew Green. 32:3 (1999): 34. Adams,John. Historic Guide to Ross Bay Cemetery,Victoria, BC, Canada. Roberts,John E.A DiscoveryJournal. Reviewed by Robin Inglis. 32:2 Rev. ed. Reviewed by Ron Welwood. 32:3 (1999): 36. (1999): 32-33. Anderson, Suzanne. Good Morning Quadra:The History of HMCS Quadra. Simmons, Norman. The Sale—Room:A Story Written in the Hope of Reviewed by Kelsey McLeod. 32:2 (1999): 35. Achieving the Bagshaw, Roberta L. No Better Land:The 1860’s Diaries of the Anglican Postponement of Its Own End. Reviewed by Kelsey McLeod. 32:2 (1999): Colonial Bishop George Hil]s. Reviewed by Phyffis Reeve. 32:1 (1998- 34-35. 99):40. Sirois,James.Afloat inTime. Rev. ed. Reviewed by Leslie Kopas. 32:4 (1999): Bartroli,Tomas.The Genesis ofVancouver: Explorations of Site 1791, 1792 43. & 1808. Reviewed by Gordon Elliott. 32:2 (1999): 31-32. Sommer Warren and Kurt Alberts. Langley 125:A Celebration. Reviewed by Bell,W H. Beyond the Northern Lights:A Quest for the Outdoor Life. MoragMaclachian. 32:4 (1999): 44. Reviewed by Kelsey McLeod. 32:4 (1999): 43-44. Turner, Robert D. Sternwheelers and SteamTugs:An Illustrated History of Bennett, NormaV, comp. Pioneer Legacy: Chronicles of the Lower Skeena, the Canadian Pacific Railway’s British Columbia Lake and River vol. 1. Reviewed by George Newell. 32:1 (1998-99): 39. Services. Reviewed by Kenneth L. Mackenzie. 32:1(1998-99): 36. Bentley, Mary and Ted. Gabriola: Petroglyph Island. Rev. ed. Reviewed by White, Howard and Peter A. Robson, eds. Raincoast Chronicles, 18. Phyffis Reeve. 32:3 (1999): 37. Reviewed by James P Delgado. 32:2 (1999): 35. Birnie, Lisa Hobbs.Western Lights: Fourteen Distinctive British Columbians. Williams, A. R. (Al) Bush and Arctic Pilot. Reviewed by Kirk Salloum. 32:3 Reviewed by Sheryl Sailoum. 32:4 (1999): 45. (1999): 35-36.
-VOL. 48 B.C. HISTORICAL NEWS 33 No. . British Columbia Historical Federation ORGANIzED 31 OCTOBER 1922
MEMBER SOCIETIES
Alberni District Historical Society Nicola ValleyMuseum Archives Association The British Columbia P0 Box 284, Port Alberni, BC V9Y 7M7 P0 Box 1262, Merritt BC V1K 1B8 Historical Federation is Anderson Lake Historical Society North Shore Historical Society an umbrella organization embracing regional Box 40, D’Arcy BC VON 1LO 1541 Merlynn Crescent, P0 do societies. Arrow Lakes Historical Society NorthVancouver BC V7J 2X9 P0 Box 819, Nakusp BC VOG 1RO North Shuswap Historical Society Localhistorical societies Atlin Historical Society Box 317, Celista BC VOE 1LO are entitled to become POBoxlll,Athn BC VOW1AO Okanagan Historical Society Member Societies of the Boundary Historical Society P0 Box 313,Vernon BC VIT 6M3 BCHistoricalFederation. P0 Box 1687, Grand Forks BC VOH 1HO Princeton & District Museum & Archives Allmembers of these local historical societies Bowen Island Historians Box 687, Princeton BC VOX iWO shall by that very fact be 1GO Beach Historical Society P0 Box 97.Bowen Island,BC VON Qualicum members of the Federa Burnaby Historical Society 587 Beach Road tion. 6501 Deer LakeAvenue, Qualicum Beach BC V9K 1K7 Burnaby BC V5G 3T6 Richmond Museum Society AffiliatedGroups are Chemainus ValleyHistorical Society Minoru Park Plaza, 7700 Minoru Gate, organizations with specialized interests or P0 Box 172, Chemainus BC VOR 1KO Richmond BC V6Y 7M7 objects of a historical Society Salt Spring Island Historical Society Cowichan Historical nature. P0 Box 1014, Duncan BC V9L 3Y2 129 McPhillipsAvenue District 69 Historical Society Salt Spring Island BC V8K 2T6 P0 Box 1452, Parksville BC V9P 2H4 Sidney & North Saanich Historical Soc. Membership fees for East Kootenay Historical Association 10840 Ardmore Drive both classes of member P0 Box 74, Cranbrook BC V1C 4H6 North Saanich BC V8L 3S1 ship are one dollar per Gulf IslandsBranch BCHF Silvery Slocan Historical Society member of a Member c/oA. Loveridge S22,C11,RR #1 Box 301, New Denver BCVOG iSO Society or Affiliated Group with a minimum Galiano Island BC VON 1PO Surrey Historical Society membership fee of $25 Society Box 34003 17790 #10 Hwy Hedley Heritage and a maximum of $75. P0 Box 218,Hedley BC VOX1KO Surrey BC V3S 8C4 Kamloops Museum Association Terrace Regional Historical Society 207 Seymour Street P0 Box 246, Terrace BC V8G 4A6 Kamloops BC V2C 2E7 Texada Island Heritage Society Koksilah School Historical Society Box 122,VanAnda BC VON 3KO 5213 Trans Canada Highway, Trail Historical Society Koksilah, BC VOR 2CO P0 Box 4O5,Trail BC V1R 4L7 Kootenay Lake Historical Society Vancouver Historical Society Box 3O71,Vancouver BC V6B 3X6 P0 Box 1262, Kaslo BC VOG 1MO P0 Questions about Lantzville Historical Society Victoria Historical Society membership should be do Box 274, Lantzville BC VOR 2HO P0 Box 43035, Victoria North directed to: London Heritage Farm Society Victoria BC V8X 3G2 Terry Simpson, 6511 Dyke Road, Richmond BC V7E 3R3 Yellowhead Museum Membership Secretary, BCHistorical Federation, Nanaimo & District Museum Society Box 1778, RR# 1 193 BirdSanctuary, 100 Cameron Road Clearwater BC VOE 1NO NanaimoBC V9R6G8 Nanaimo BC V9R 2X1 Nanaimo Historical Society P0 Box 933, Nanaimo BC V9R 5N2 AFFILIATED GROUPS Nelson Museum 402 Anderson Street, Nelson BC V1L 3Y3 Union of Indian Chiefs Please write to the Editor, BC Historical Newsfor any changes to be made to this list. ReturnAddress: Cu.jADiu.a PuBLIcATIoNs MAIL PRoDucT SAi.EsAGREEMEr No. 1245716 British Columbia Historical News Joel Vinge, Subscription Secretary PuBLIcATIoNs MAIL REGIsTucrIoN No. 09835 561 Woodland Drive Cranbrook, BC VIC 6V2
Catiada We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada, through the Publications Assistance Program (PAP), toward our mailing costs.
BC HISTORICAL NEWS THE BRITIsH C0LUIvIBIA HIsToRICAL FEDERATION welcomes manuscripts dealing INVITES SUBMISSIONS OF BOOKS FOR THE EIGHTEENTH with the history of British I Co ANNUAL COMPETITION FOR WRITERS OF BC HISTORY. lumbia and British Columbians. Please send stories or essays on Any book presenting any facet of BC history, published in any aspect of the rich past of our 2000, is eligible.This may be a community history, biogra phy,record of a project or an organization, or personal rec province to: ollections giving a glimpse of the past. Names, dates and places,with relevant The Editor, BC Historical News maps or pictures, turn a story into “history.” Note that reprints or revisions Box 130 Fred Braches, P0 of books are not eligible. Whonnock BC V2W 1V9 Phone: (604) 462-8942 The judges are looking for quality presentations, especially if fresh material is included, with appropriate illustrations, careful proofreading, an adequate E—mail:[email protected] index, table of contents and bibliography, from first—timewriters as well as Send books for review and book established authors. reviews directly to the Book The Lieutenant-Governor’s Medal for Historical Writing will be awarded to an Review Editor, Anne Yandle individual writer whose book contributes significantly to the recorded his 3450 West 20th Avenue tory of British Columbia. Other awards will be made as recommended by Vancouver BCV6S 1E4 the judges to valuable books prepared by groups or individuals. Phone: (604) 733-6484 Winners will receive a Certificate of Merit, a monetary award and an invita E-mail: tion to the BCHF annual conference to be held in Richmond in May 2001. [email protected] SUBMISSIONREQUIREMENTS: Allbooksmusthavebeen publishedin 2000and NEWS ITEMS for publication in shouldbe submitted assoon aspossibleafterpublication.Two copiesof eachbook the HistoricalFedera BC HistoricalNews should be shouldbe submitted.Booksenteredbecome property of BC tion. Pleasestatename,addressand telephonenumber of sender,the seffingprice of addressed to the editor in alleditionsofthe book,and,if the readerhasto shopby mail,the addressfromwhich Whonnock. it may be purchased, includingapplicableshippingand handling costs.
PLasE SEND CORRESPONDENCE ABOUT SENDTO: BC HistoricalFederationWriting Competition SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE SUBSCRIPTION do ShirleyCuthbertson SEcRumuY, JOEL VINGE #306-225 BellevilleStreet Victoria BC V8V 4T9 561 Woooauo DRIVE 6V2 CIBRooK BC ViC DEADLINE:31 December 2000 PHONE: (250) 489-2490 E-IvIAIL: [email protected]