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Tropentag 2018 Global Food Security and Food Safety: the Role Of Tropentag 2018 International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development Global food security and food safety: the role of universities Book of abstracts Editor: Eric Tielkes Reviewers/scientific committee: Geert Baert, Jan Baetens, Veerle Fievez, Geert Haesaert, Bernhard Freyer, Carl Lachat, Roel Merckx, Eva Schlecht, Stijn Speelman, Barbara Sturm, Patrick Van Damme, Gilbert Van Stappen, Wouter Vanhove, Annelies Verdoolaege, Vladimir Verner, Kaat Verzelen, Ann Water-Bayers, Anthony Whitbread, Stephan Winter Editorial assistance: Mercedes Gotterbarm, Laetitia Samuel Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detailierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Tropentag 2018: Global food security and food safety: the role of universities Tielkes, E. (ed.) 1. Aufl. - Weikersheim: Margraf Publishers GmbH, 2018 © Margraf Publishers GmbH, Weikersheim Kanalstrasse 21, 97990 Weikersheim Telefon: 07934 - 3071 Telefax: 07934 - 8156 http://www.margraf-publishers.eu Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es nicht gestattet, das Buch oder Teile daraus auf fotomechanischem Weg (Fotokopie Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen. The authors of the articles are solely responsible for the content of their contribution. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owners. ISBN: 978-3-8236-1760-0 Online-Version: http://www.tropentag.de/ Preface We are pleased to present in this book all the abstracts that are being presented both orally and as posters at the 2018 Tropentag Conference that is organised for the first time in Belgium at Ghent University. This conference forms the culmination of a whole year effort by a wide team of committed collaborators both in Belgium and Germany. Tropentag is an annual, international conference on tropical agriculture, food secu- rity, natural resource management and rural development. It is the largest Euro- pean interdisciplinary conference on research in (sub)tropical agriculture and natu- ral resource management. It rotates between universities and research institutes in Berlin, Bonn, Göttingen, Hohenheim, Kassel-Witzenhausen, and since 2014 Prague and Vienna. Tropentag 2018 is organised by Ghent University, Belgium (predomi- nantly the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Department of Plants & Crops, Lab- oratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, and the Africa Platform of Ghent University Association), jointly with the Council for Tropical and Subtropical Research (ATSAF e.V), in cooperation with the GIZ Advisory Service on Agricultural Research for Development (BEAF). This year’s theme of the conference is ‘Global food security and food safety: The role of universities’, but the numerous sessions and workshops cover a much broader range of subject areas that all cen- tre/focus on ‘tropical agriculture’. Agriculture deals with the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fibre, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and en- hance human life. Its prime vocation is and should be to sustainably maintain and – where needed and possible – significantly improve the nutrition and health situation of people around the world. Hunger, malnutrition, and poor health are global, and in- creasing development challenges. Agriculture has made remarkable advances over the last decades in increasing quantity and quality of food and other produce, but its contribution to improving the nutrition and health of poor farmers and consumers in developing countries often still lags behind. In cases where food provision is struc- turally guaranteed, food quality may still be a problem. Agricultural research and uni- versities have an important role in addressing and solving both food security and food safety. They should do this in collaboration with national and international govern- mental and non-governmental donor and policy-oriented organisations, with respect 3 for local, regional and global socio-economic and cultural situations, legal conditions, markets and market mechanisms, limitations and opportunities, gender equity and the natural resource environment, in order to provide for sustainable solutions. The conference theme is addressed in plenary keynote lectures and in presentations and poster contributions organised in 24 thematic sessions. This year a special em- phasis will be given to ‘agriculture for nutrition and health’ with contributions of this year’s CGIAR feature research project A4NH (see: a4nh.cgiar.org), as indeed we opted for featuring a program rather than a centre as the CG system itself is organising itself much more than before around federating themes that bring together CG centres but also partners from academia and research sensu lato. All in all, we received some 960 abstracts addressing these issues. This book contains about 340 poster abstracts, and 110 abstracts for orals, whereby a big portion is in line with the conference’s theme. The role of universities, or academia in general, appar- ently inspired a lot of scholars. Additionally, you will also find the keynotes’ abstracts. We hope that the scientific contributions in this book will help you to broaden your knowledge, and find answers to a number of important research and development questions and to the conference theme. We wish you an enjoyable and rewarding Tropentag! For the organising committee of Tropentag 2018 Prof. dr. ir. Patrick van Damme Ghent University Ghent, September 2018 4 Message from Minister Alexander de Croo All too often these kinds of introductory words start with Malthusian predictions of impending doom: hunger in Africa is on the rise, climate change poses a major threat to food security, food production will not keep up with world population growth,... And I could go on for a bit longer. And although these challenges are real, rarely do we look at where we come from and what we have achieved so far. While the world population increased at a rapid pace the prevalence of stunting has decreased from 40% at the beginning of the ‘90s to 22% in 2017. Despite population growth the number of food insecure people living in the world is predicted to further decline from 782 million people in 2018 to 446 million people in 2028. Global awareness about the importance of nutrition, food security and food safety has increased enormously. Where the concept of ‘nutrition’ was only used by some food experts in the past it has been mainstreamed and adopted by agricultural experts, politicians and the like. In 2015, the UN Sustainable Development Goals enshrined the objective of “ending all forms of malnutrition” by 2030. And while a generation ago food safety was rarely talked about and even less analyzed, nowadays authorities from Beijing to Brussels to Abuja are being held to account when food safety stan- dards are not being met. Another positive development is the fact that in recent years both governments, the private sector and farmers have woken up to the abundant opportunities of invest- ments in the agriculture and food sector. Agriculture is Africa’s largest economic sector. More than one-quarter of the world’s arable land lies in this continent, but it generates only 10 percent of global agricultural output. There is huge potential for growth. New ways of financing, through public-private partnerships, are currently rolled out. If we would focus entirely on the challenges in food systems we might say ‘the future is bleak’; but if we would focus on all the opportunities at hand to meet the SDGs we might say ‘the future is bright’. In order to achieve our goals, in order to achieve more sustainable food production and better food safety we will need new and better ways of working. We will need to work better together, across disciplines, across cultures, 5 across institutions. Science and evidence based decision making should be at the cen- ter of all our efforts. Therefore this year’s theme of Tropentag ‘Global food security and food safety: The role of universities’ could not be more appropriate! May the backdrop of the medieval city of Ghent inspire us all to come up with new ways of working towards a future in which safe, nutritious and sufficient food for all people, in particular the poor and vulnerable, becomes a reality. Alexander de Croo Minister of Development Cooperation, Digital Agenda, Telecom and Postal Services, Belgium 6 Contents Plenary speeches 9 1. Plants and crops 15 1) Cropping systems 17 2) Abiotic and biotic challenges in crop production 39 3) Crop biotic stresses (DPG Session) 61 4) Ethnobotany, resource use and biodiversity conservation 75 2. Animal production 105 1) Enhancing ruminant production 107 2) Non-ruminant livestock and aquaculture 141 3) Pastoral systems 169 3. Climate change 181 1) Model-based assessment of climate change impacts 183 4. Agroforestry and soil quality 199 1) Agroforestry and tree crops 201 2) Soil and soil fertility 235 3) Soil (bio)fertilisation 265 4) Land degradation and livelihoods for the Sahel 301 5. Food and technology 315 1) Local food systems and human nutrition 317 2) Nutrition, food safety and -security 353 3) Food quality and processing 375 4) Food, nutrition and gender aspects at the HH level 407 6. Socio-economics 427 1) Adoption versus dis-adoption
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