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History of Men Test Cricket: an Overview Received: 14-11-2020
International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2021; 6(1): 174-178 ISSN: 2456-0057 IJPNPE 2021; 6(1): 174-178 © 2021 IJPNPE History of men test cricket: An overview www.journalofsports.com Received: 14-11-2020 Accepted: 28-12-2020 Sachin Prakash and Dr. Sandeep Bhalla Sachin Prakash Ph.D., Research Scholar, Abstract Department of Physical The concept of Test cricket came from First-Class matches, which were played in the 18th century. In the Education, Indira Gandhi TMS 19th century, it was James Lillywhite, who led England to tour Australia for a two-match series. The first University, Ziro, Arunachal official Test was played from March 15 in 1877. The first-ever Test was played with four balls per over. Pradesh, India While it was a timeless match, it got over within four days. The first notable change in the format came in 1889 when the over was increased to a five-ball, followed by the regular six-ball over in 1900. While Dr. Sandeep Bhalla the first 100 Tests were played as timeless matches, it was since 1950 when four-day and five-day Tests Director - Sports & Physical were introduced. The Test Rankings was introduced in 2003, while 2019 saw the introduction of the Education Department, Indira World Test Championship. Traditionally, Test cricket has been played using the red ball, as it is easier to Gandhi TMS University, Ziro, spot during the day. The most revolutionary change in Test cricket has been the introduction of Day- Arunachal Pradesh, India Night Tests. Since 2015, a total of 11 such Tests have been played, which three more scheduled. -
Sports India and World
SPORTS INDIA AND WORLD World Cup Cricket History The idea of organising a World Cup of cricket was mooted and agreed to in principle in 1971 when such a proposal was discussed at a meeting of the International Cricket Conference in London. However, due to various commitments the tournaments could not be staged until 1975 when the original plan of a South African team's visit to England fell through following opposition to the country's racial policy. England's Prudential Assurance Company came forward with sponsorship and for three consecutive years - 1975, 1979 and 1983, the one-day limited overs cricket tournament was held in England. It became famous as the Prudential Cup. In the first two tournaments, apart from the six full members of the International Cricket Conference (England, Australia, West Indies, New Zealand, India and Pakistan), Sri Lanka, before being elevated to Test status in 1981, had joined East Africa in 1975 and Canada in 1979 (two top teams among the associate members) to complete the groups in the tournaments proper. The West Indies, under Clive Lloyd, not only won the first two tournaments in 1975 and 1979 but in true Calypso style they produced sparkling cricket and confirmed their unassailable supremacy in this game. India broke the West Indian stranglehold in 1983 to open a new chapter in the brief annals of this prestigious tournament. Year Hosting Country 2011 India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka 2007 West Indies, Bermuda 2003 South Africa, Kenya & Zimbabwe 1999 UK 1996 India, Pakistan & Sri Lanka 1992 Australia 1987 India & Pakistan 1983 UK 1979 UK 1975 UK - See more at: http://www.onlinegk.com/games-and-sports/world-cup-cricket- history/#sthash.gZwkr3Hn.dpuf Higest Individual Scores In One Day International Cricket 264 Rohit Sharma, India vs Srilanka, Eden Garden, November 2014. -
Caymanian Times So Far, to Keep Trying
Caymanian Friday, February 8, 2019 Issue No 334 www.caymaniantimes.ky Complimentary WEATHER FORECAST Sunrise Cottage COLONY OR Resident FAMILY? By Michael L Jarvis, Celebrates 100th London UK A row between the British govern- ment and the European Union over Birthday in Style Gibraltar has thrown into stark relief the relationship - or the perception thereof - between the UK and the INSIDE Overseas Territories (OTs). THIS ISSUE LOCAL NEWS . Page 4 ment has referred to Gibraltar, one of Anthe of�icialOTs, as Europeana ‘colony’. Union docu- That elicited a prompt and une- Boyz 2 men at Grand Old House response to the effect; Gibraltar is NOTquivocal a colony. of�icial It isBritish family. government PROUD OF THEM . Page 6 The bone of contention is a docu- Full story on page 8 >> ment dealing with another vexatious EU/UK issue; Brexit and the matter Jeralow Rankine and Goldstein Christian share a hug with their sister, Ina Connor, at her 100th birthday celebration at Sunrise Cottage ... Continued story on page 12 Oxitec Project has ended The joint research collaboration be- tween the Mosquito Research and Con- Proud of Them - Julisa D. Dilbert trol Unit (MRCU) and bio-technology company Oxitec came to an end last week (23 January 2019). LOCAL NEWS . Page 8 December 2018, which was at the end of Whilethe high �ield mosquito operations season, ceased MRCU on and 21 Oxitec spent another month collating data based on several months of work. A joint steering committee continues to Noting that MRCU and Oxitec have a historywork on of a �inalcollaboration evaluation. -
Black Internationalism and African and Caribbean
BLACK INTERNATIONALISM AND AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN INTELLECTUALS IN LONDON, 1919-1950 By MARC MATERA A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History Written under the direction of Professor Bonnie G. Smith And approved by _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2008 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Black Internationalism and African and Caribbean Intellectuals in London, 1919-1950 By MARC MATERA Dissertation Director: Bonnie G. Smith During the three decades between the end of World War I and 1950, African and West Indian scholars, professionals, university students, artists, and political activists in London forged new conceptions of community, reshaped public debates about the nature and goals of British colonialism, and prepared the way for a revolutionary and self-consciously modern African culture. Black intellectuals formed organizations that became homes away from home and centers of cultural mixture and intellectual debate, and launched publications that served as new means of voicing social commentary and political dissent. These black associations developed within an atmosphere characterized by a variety of internationalisms, including pan-ethnic movements, feminism, communism, and the socialist internationalism ascendant within the British Left after World War I. The intellectual and political context of London and the types of sociability that these groups fostered gave rise to a range of black internationalist activity and new regional imaginaries in the form of a West Indian Federation and a United West Africa that shaped the goals of anticolonialism before 1950. -
The Empire Strikes Back
nother Test match series it spelt out an enlightened prophecy of between England and the what was to come. West Indians gets under way - and again, no doubt, But patronising paternalism had a long Amore than a few Englishmen will be course to run yet. Oh dear me, it did. complaining before the summer is out Three years after that first tour by that the West Indians do not have a Hawke's men, Pelham Warner's older proper appreciation of the grand old brother, RSA Aucher Warner, brought game. In as much as they hit too hard the first 'unofficial' (as Lord's called it) with the bat, and bowl too fast with the collective and multiracial team across ball. to England. It was made up of players Although the regular challenge between from Trinidad, Barbados, and British the two sides has only been deemed Guiana. On the day they disembarked at 'official' by the mandarins of the Eng¬ Southampton from the banana boat, the lish game at Lord's for just over 60 London Evening Star carried a large years, we are in fact fast approaching a cartoon featuring Dr WG Grace, the The centenary of cricket contests between English cricket champion, in a tower¬ the Caribbean teams and the 'Mother ing, regal pose, bat in hand instead of Country' of the old British Empire. scimitar, while around him cowered The first English touring side was led and simpered seven or eight black men, Empire by the redoubtable autocrat, Lord 'I all shedding tears and imploring the shave twice a day, my professionals doctor, 'sorry, sah, we have only come only once: a sign we each know our to learn, sah'. -
ICC Annual Report 2003-04 3 2003-04 Annual Report
2003-2004 Annual Report & Accounts Mission Statement ‘As the international governing body for cricket, the International Cricket Council will lead by promoting the game as a global sport, protecting the spirit of cricket and optimising commercial opportunities for the benefit of the game.’ ICC Annual Report 2003-04 3 2003-04 Annual Report & Accounts Contents 2 President’s Report 32 Integrity, Ethical Standards and Ehsan Mani Anti-Corruption 6 Chief Executive’s Review Malcolm Speed 36 Cricket Operations 9 Governance and 41 Development Organisational Effectiveness 47 Communication and Stakeholders 17 International Cricket 18 ICC Test Championship 51 Business of Cricket 20 ICC ODI Championship 57 Directors’ Report and Consolidated 22 ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup Financial Statements Bangladesh 2004 26 ICC Six Nations Challenge UAE 2004 28 Cricket Milestones 35 28 21 23 42 ICC Annual Report 2003-04 1 President’s Report Ehsan Mani My association with the ICC began in 1989 Cricket is an international game with a Cricket Development and over the last 15 years, I have seen the multi-national character. The Board of the ICC The sport’s horizons continue to expand with organisation evolve from being a small, is comprised of the Chairmen and Presidents China expected to be one of the countries under-resourced and reactive body to one of our Full Member countries as well as applying to take our total membership above that is properly resourced with a full-time representatives of our Associate Members. 90 countries in June. professional administration that leads the This allows for the views of all Members to We are conscious that the expansion of game in an authoritative manner for the be considered in the decision-making process. -
Cricket As a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians by Janelle Beatrice Joseph a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Re
Cricket as a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians by Janelle Beatrice Joseph A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto © Janelle Beatrice Joseph 2010 Cricket as a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians Janelle Beatrice Joseph Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto 2010 Abstract The diasporic resources and transnational flows of the Black diaspora have increasingly been of concern to scholars. However, the making of the Black diaspora in Canada has often been overlooked, and the use of sport to connect migrants to the homeland has been virtually ignored. This study uses African, Black and Caribbean diaspora lenses to examine the ways that first generation Caribbean-Canadians use cricket to maintain their association with people, places, spaces, and memories of home. In this multi-sited ethnography I examine a group I call the Mavericks Cricket and Social Club (MCSC), an assembly of first generation migrants from the Anglo-Caribbean. My objective to “follow the people” took me to parties, fundraising dances, banquets, and cricket games throughout the Greater Toronto Area on weekends from early May to late September in 2008 and 2009. I also traveled with approximately 30 MCSC members to observe and participate in tours and tournaments in Barbados, England, and St. Lucia and conducted 29 in- depth, semi-structured interviews with male players and male and female supporters. I found that the Caribbean diaspora is maintained through liming (hanging out) at cricket matches and social events. Speaking in their native Patois language, eating traditional Caribbean foods, and consuming alcohol are significant means of creating spaces in which Caribbean- Canadians can network with other members of the diaspora. -
Race and Cricket: the West Indies and England At
RACE AND CRICKET: THE WEST INDIES AND ENGLAND AT LORD’S, 1963 by HAROLD RICHARD HERBERT HARRIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2011 Copyright © by Harold Harris 2011 All Rights Reserved To Romelee, Chamie and Audie ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My journey began in Antigua, West Indies where I played cricket as a boy on the small acreage owned by my family. I played the game in Elementary and Secondary School, and represented The Leeward Islands’ Teachers’ Training College on its cricket team in contests against various clubs from 1964 to 1966. My playing days ended after I moved away from St Catharines, Ontario, Canada, where I represented Ridley Cricket Club against teams as distant as 100 miles away. The faculty at the University of Texas at Arlington has been a source of inspiration to me during my tenure there. Alusine Jalloh, my Dissertation Committee Chairman, challenged me to look beyond my pre-set Master’s Degree horizon during our initial conversation in 2000. He has been inspirational, conscientious and instructive; qualities that helped set a pattern for my own discipline. I am particularly indebted to him for his unwavering support which was indispensable to the inclusion of a chapter, which I authored, in The United States and West Africa: Interactions and Relations , which was published in 2008; and I am very grateful to Stephen Reinhardt for suggesting the sport of cricket as an area of study for my dissertation. -
Cricket As a Catalyst for West Indian Independence: 1950-1962
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-21-2013 12:00 AM 'Massa Day Done:' Cricket as a Catalyst for West Indian Independence: 1950-1962 Jonathan A. Newman The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Don Morrow The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Kinesiology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Jonathan A. Newman 2013 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Newman, Jonathan A., "'Massa Day Done:' Cricket as a Catalyst for West Indian Independence: 1950-1962" (2013). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1532. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1532 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ‘Massa Day Done:’ Cricket as a Catalyst for West Indian Independence, 1950-1962. Thesis format: Monograph by Jonathan Newman Graduate Program in Kinesiology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Jonathan Newman 2013 Abstract This thesis examined the manner in which West Indies cricket became a catalyzing force for West Indians in moving towards political independence from Britain during the period 1950- 1962. West Indians took a game that was used as a means of social control during the colonial era, and refashioned that game into a political weapon to exact sporting and especially political revenge on their colonial masters. -
Social Studies Lessons J
Thisprojectis funded by the EU. sin I LU in LU UNDERSTANDING OURSELVES AND ONE ANOTHER Q 3 in ACTIVE LEARNING FOR HISTORY AND < / o sa SOCIAL STUDIES LESSONS KWh* » < : £ 5 o f V UHi * J' Edited by < X . LL Semih AKTEKiN •- This book is one of the outputs~>of the project, entitled ‘Training Social Studies and h CD History Educators for Multicultural Europe’ which is being undertaken in the framework Z Penelope HARNETT of the EU Promotion of the Civil Society Dialogue Programme between Turkey and *ÿ the EU. Our guiding principles when preparing this book were that new approaches to 25 Mustafa OZTURK history and social studies education are needed in Turkey, the UK and elsewhere. New > *• Dean SMART approaches to history and social studies education claim that history teaching should aim i= :,f on bridging gaps, taking into account differences between sexes and ages, between eth¬ o % nic, linguistic and religious identities, between rich and poor, between urban and rural at m communities and between diverging world-views in society. Thus, multiperspectivity is x o fundamental to the subject of history. The past has to be systematically studied from 'V- different points of view. In this respect, this book re-considers our history and social edu¬ < AVRUPA BiRlJfii GKNKI.SKKRKTKRI.ifii I cation to promote civil dialogue, democracy, multiculturalism and innovative methodol¬ SECRETARIATGENERAL FORT 1 i This projectisimplemented by the ogy that address such features as multi-perspectivity, sensitive issues, critical thinking Q Secretariat Generalfor EUAffairs. and objectivity. The writers of the chapters are experts in social studies or history educa¬ 1 if) tion and bring perspectives from Turkey, the UK and the Netherlands. -
“What Would an Athenian Have Thought of the Day's Play?”: C.L.R. James's Early Cricket Writings for the Manchester Guard
“What would an Athenian have thought of the day’s play?”: C.L.R. James’s early cricket writings for The Manchester Guardian Christian Høgsbjerg* University College London Institute of the Americas, UK *Email: [email protected] In April 1933 the young Trinidadian writer C.L.R. James started work alongside the famous critic Neville Cardus as a cricket correspondent for The Manchester Guardian, writing nearly 140 brief reports for the newspaper over the next three seasons. Cardus’s appointment of a newly-arrived British colonial subject like James to such a prestigious post remains quite remarkable. James’s job meant he travelled widely for the first time across England reporting on county clashes, and he began to develop his distinctive philosophy on the game. This article offers the first critical excavation of James’s cricket writing in these early years and thereby examines the future author of Beyond a Boundary’s first engagement with “English cricket” as a popular dimension of imperial metropolitan culture. It argues that James’s political radicalization towards militant anti-colonialist and anti-capitalist activism in Britain during this critical period found expression in his cricket writing. Keywords: C.L.R. James; Beyond a Boundary; Cricket; the Caribbean; Neville Cardus; The Manchester Guardian. In April 1933 the young black Trinidadian writer C.L.R. James started work alongside Neville Cardus as a cricket correspondent for The Manchester Guardian. According to Paul Buhle (1993), James’s authorized biographer, this made James “the first West Indian, the first man of colour, to serve as cricket reporter for the Guardian” (42), and indeed possibly the first black professional sports reporter in British history. -
Elated SLRFU Wants to Contract Players
Tuesday 2nd November, 2010 15 BY MAHINDA WIJESINGHE dusty, turning wickets in the sub-conti- nent, he was to India what Godfrey ith the current trend of select- Evans was to England a couple of ing World XIs based on various decades earlier. No wonder he was the Whuman qualities such as ‘gentle- first choice wicket-keeper for the Rest of manliness’, ‘elegance’, ‘flamboyance’, the World XI in the 1970’s, and was an ‘stodginess’, and so forth, what about a attacking batsman of high quality as team of ‘professionals’? well. For instance, as an opener, his blis- Or, to put it more succinctly, here’s a A contractor to an ironmonger tering century (109) against the West team whose names denoted a profession. Indies attack comprising Hall, Griffith, Of course, one has to delve into history, Sobers and Gibbs at Chepauk in 1967 and by attempting to ‘balance’ the team, will be also remembered for having it may not be the strongest to meet the unfortunately missed reaching the cen- other so-called World XIs. However, tury by a mere six runs before lunch on since these matches are in one’s imagi- the first day of the Test which would nation only, who cares? with a packer in support have enabled him get membership of Let us begin at the beginning. the exclusive company of Trumper, The left-handed Indian opener Nari Macartney, Bradman and Majid Khan. Contractor, who played 31 Tests, takes West Indians were well-known for first strike. Just as the Australian left- producing a string of high quality fast handed opener Arthur Morris who bowlers, especially during the decades began his first-class career with twin of the 1970’s and 1980’s.