DOCSLIB.ORG

Armillifer Armillatus Pentastomiasis in African Immigrant, Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Armillifer Armillatus Pentastomiasis in African Immigrant, Germany LETTERS Armillifer of acute myeloid leukemia. He was sequenced, and BLAST analysis subsequently underwent stem cell (www.ncbi.nlm.hih.gov/blast) armillatus transplantation, which was followed confirmed 100% identity with A. Pentastomiasis in by graft versus host disease. The armillatus (GenBank accession no. African Immigrant, patient died of sudden intracerebral HM756289.1) and 99% homology hemorrhage and leukencephalopathy. with A. agkistrodontis (FJ607339.1) Germany His medical history also included and A. moniliformis (HM048870.1). To the Editor: Pentastomiasis a-thalassemia and a heterocygotous Visceral pentastomiasis in is a parasitic zoonotic disease with sickle cell trait, chronic hemolytic humans is often asymptomatic and an an incremental number of reported anemia, splenomegaly, and incidental finding during surgery 1,3( ) human infections caused by larval cardiomyopathy. He had been treated or autopsy (8,9). In a large autopsy stages (nymphs) of pentastomes for schistosomiasis and filariasis. series from Malaysia, a pentastomiasis (1–3). The vermiform parasites are An autopsy specimen showed prevalence of 45.5% was found in in their own phylum and are related several living pentastome nymphs adult Aborigines (8). In Nigeria, a rate to branchiuran crustaceans (2). Most of ≈2 cm in size, which were found of 33% was seen during autopsies of human infections with these parasites in the subscapular region of liver patients who had died of malignancies are caused by Armillifer armillatus parenchyma. A presumptive diagnosis (9). However, a few severe and even (2), a parasite endemic to western and of visceral pentastomiasis caused lethal cases have been described for central Africa. Most cases are reported by A. armillatus nymphs was made heavy A. armillatus and A. grandis from the Congo region and Nigeria, in accordance with the origin of the infections in persons from Africa (4,6). and occasionally infections in African patient and the geographic distribution Diagnosis is achieved by gross immigrants to Europe and North of the parasite. pathologic and histopathologic America have been reported (4,5). Microscopic slides from patient analyses. Nymphs are found in Imported cases to Germany have not specimens were retrieved from an the serosa around the liver and been reported. A. grandis, a related archive and reanalyzed (Figure; spleen, in liver parenchyma, parasite from central Africa, has been online Technical Appendix Figure, mesenterium, intestine wall, and rarely found (6), but A. moniliformis, wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/19/3/12- abdominal lymph nodes. The lungs a pentastome species from Asia, has 1508-Techapp1.pdf). A pentastome- or pleura are occasionally infected recently reemerged and caused a specific PCR targeting the 18S rRNA (3). Radiographic analysis may human infection after ≈40 years in gene (2,7) was conducted after DNA show typical C-shaped chest or Malaysia (1). extraction from formalin-fixed tissue abdominal calcifications (10). Species Adult Armillifer spp. inhabit on a remaining unstained microscope identification is performed by counting the respiratory tract of large snakes slide. The resulting 383-bp amplicon annulations (A. armillatus 18–22, (Python spp.). These dioecious parasites produce large amounts of ova that are shed into the environment by snake feces and secretions. When intermediate hosts, such as rodents or other small mammals, ingest ova, larvae hatch, migrate to the viscera, encyst, and molt several times (3). Humans become accidental intermediate hosts after uptake of environmental parasite ova or by consumption of contaminated snake meat. We report an infection with A. armillatus in an African immigrant to Germany that was diagnosed Figure. Oblique cross-section of liver of a patient (immigrant) from Togo, showing a well- preserved Armillifer armillatus nymph in a subcapsular location. The annulated parasite by histopathologic analysis and is encapsulated by its shed cuticle (exuvia) and dense fibrosis. Consistent with the viable confirmed by PCR. type of a pentastomid lesion (3), no inflammatory infiltrate is visible. This image also shows In 2005, a 23-year-old man from internal structures of the pentastome, such as prominent bunches of acidophilic glands Togo who had immigrated to Germany surrounding the intestine (Masson’s trichrome stain, original magnification ×10). A color 3 years earlier showed development version of this figure is available online (wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/19/3/12-1508-F1.htm). Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 19, No. 3, March 2013 507 LETTERS A. grandis >25) and measuring the Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Mycobacterium size of larval parasites (3). Recently, Hamburg, Germany (A. Haeupler, P. PCR has been used for diagnosis in Racz, S. Poppert); and University Medical kyorinense veterinary infections (2,7). Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg (H. Infection For the patient in our study, Schäfer, J.P. Cramer) To the Editor: Mycobacterium molecular analysis identified human DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1903.121508 pentastomiasis by using a formalin- kyorinense is a nonpigmented, slowly growing mycobacterium that was fixed microscope slide that had been References stored for 7 years. A difference of 2 initially isolated in 2007 from a patient nt each was seen when the amplified 1. Latif B, Omar E, Heo CC, Othman with pneumonia in Japan (1,2). The nucleotide sequence was compared N, Tappe D. Human pentastomiasis sequences of the 16S rRNA, hsp65, caused by Armillifer moniliformis in with database sequences of A. and rpoB genes of M. kyorinense Malaysian Borneo. Am J Trop Med were closely related to, but different agkistrodontis and A. moniliformis. Hyg. 2011;85:878–81. http://dx.doi. However, there is no database entry org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0404 from, those of the type strains of M. in GenBank for A. grandis, the 2. Tappe D, Meyer M, Oesterlein A, Jaye A, celatum and M. branderi, the 2 most Frosch M, Schoen C, et al. Transmission geographically closest Armillifer phylogenetically related species (1). of Armillifer armillatus ova at snake Biochemical tests, such as those species. Serologic assays have been farm, The Gambia, West Africa. Emerg developed for identification of A. Infect Dis. 2011;17:251–4. http://dx.doi. for arylsulfatase activity, tellurite armillatus (2), but no serum was org/10.3201/eid1702.101118 reduction, and heat-stable catalase, 3. Tappe D, Büttner DW. Diagnosis of available for retrospective analysis. also distinguish M. kyorinense from human visceral pentastomiasis. PLoS M. celatum and M. branderi. In our In special settings, such as tropical Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3:e320. http://dx.doi. snake farming and pet keeping, org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320 initial report, in which this species pentastomiasis may be a public health 4. Lavarde V, Fornes P. Lethal infection due was first recognized, we described 3 to Armillifer armillatus (Porocephalida): concern (2). However, most infections strains isolated from Japanese patients a snake-related parasitic disease. Clin (1). Recently, 1 additional case have been linked to consumption of Infect Dis. 1999;29:1346–7. http://dx.doi. undercooked snake meat or other org/10.1086/313460 was reported in Brazil (3). Here we snake products (1). 5. Guardia SN, Sepp H, Scholten T, Morava- describe 7 newly identified patients Protzner I. Pentastomiasis in Canada. Most immigrants who were given whose infection may have been caused Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991;115:515–7. by M. kyorinense. a diagnosis of visceral pentastomiasis 6. Cagnard V, Nicolas-Randegger J, Dago were from Nigeria or the Congo Akribi A, Rain B, Nozais JP, Essoh In reviewing the characteristics of region, and diagnoses were made Nomel P, et al. Generalized and lethal these 11 patients (10 from Japan and pentastomiasis due to Armillifer grandis after death. Molecular analysis is 1 from Brazil), we found no apparent (Hett, 1915) [in French]. Bull Soc Pathol contacts among them. Nine of the 11 particularly valuable when only Exot Filiales. 1979;72:345–52. autoptic paraffin-embedded patient 7. Brookins MD, Wellehan JF, Roberts JF, patients had respiratory infections, 1 material is available. For industrialized Allison K, Curran SS, Childress AL, et al. had lymphadenitis, and 1 had arthritis Massive visceral pentastomiasis caused by countries, where experience in (Table). Of these, 9 patients fulfilled Porocephalus crotali in a dog. Vet Pathol. the criteria for infections of clinical morphologic identification of unusual 2009;46:460–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/ parasite species is limited, molecular vp.07-VP-0246-R-BC significance 4( ) and were considered analysis is a valuable diagnostic 8. Prathap K, Lau KS, Bolton JM. to harbor infection by M. kyorinense. Pentastomiasis: a common finding at tool. Our case-patient constitutes a Of the 9 patients with respiratory autopsy among Malaysian aborigines. Am infections, 4 died as a result of the record of imported Armillifer species J Trop Med Hyg. 1969;18:20–7. pentastomiasis to Germany. Because 9. Smith JA, Oladiran B, Lagundoye SB. infection. These data suggest that of increasing international migration, Pentastomiasis and malignancy. Ann Trop M. kyorinense belongs to a class of Med Parasitol. 1975;69:503–12. more cases of pentastomiasis are nontuberculous mycobacteria that 10. Tiendrebeogo H, Levy D, Schmidt D. are pathogenic for humans and have likely to be seen. Human pentastomiasis in Abidjan. A report on 29 cases [in French]. Rev Fr Mal substantial clinical effects. Dennis Tappe, Respir. 1982;10:351–8. Among the 10 patients for Alexandra Haeupler, whom precise clinical records were Hansjörg Schäfer, Paul Racz, Address for correspondence: Dennis Tappe, available, 7 patients were treated Jakob P. Cramer, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, with first-line tuberculosis drugs, and Sven Poppert University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str mainly rifampin, isoniazid, and Author affiliations: University of Würzburg, 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; email: dtappe@ ethambutol, but these therapies Würzburg, Germany (D. Tappe); Bernhard- hygiene.uni-wuerzburg.de were ineffective for all patients. 508 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Detection of Human Parasitic Pathogens
    MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN PARASITIC PATHOGENS MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN PARASITIC PATHOGENS EDITED BY DONGYOU LIU Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120608 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1243-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasitological Evaluation of Edible Insects and Their Role in the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases to Humans and Animals
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and animals 1 2 Remigiusz GaøęckiID *, Rajmund Soko ø 1 Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland, 2 Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract From 1 January 2018 came into force Regulation (EU) 2015/2238 of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council of 25 November 2015, introducing the concept of ªnovel foodsº, including insects and their parts. One of the most commonly used species of insects are: OPEN ACCESS mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), house crickets (Acheta domesticus), cockroaches (Blatto- Citation: Gaøęcki R, SokoÂø R (2019) A dea) and migratory locusts (Locusta migrans). In this context, the unfathomable issue is the parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to role of edible insects in transmitting parasitic diseases that can cause significant losses in humans and animals. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219303. their breeding and may pose a threat to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219303 identify and evaluate the developmental forms of parasites colonizing edible insects in Editor: Pedro L. Oliveira, Universidade Federal do household farms and pet stores in Central Europe and to determine the potential risk of par- Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL asitic infections for humans and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Epicrates Cenchria Cenchria (Squamata: Boidae) by Porocephalus (Pentastomida: Porocephalidae) in Ecuador Biota Colombiana, Vol
    Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Pozo-Zamora, Glenda M.; Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H. First infestation record of Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Squamata: Boidae) by Porocephalus (Pentastomida: Porocephalidae) in Ecuador Biota Colombiana, vol. 20, no. 1, 2019, January-June, pp. 120-125 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia DOI: https://doi.org/10.21068/c2019.v20n01a08 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49159822008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Pozo-Zamora & Yánez-Muñoz Infestation of Epicrates cenchria cenchria by Porocephalus Nota First infestation record of Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Squamata: Boidae) by Porocephalus (Pentastomida: Porocephalidae) in Ecuador Primer registro de infestación de Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Squamata: Boidae) por Porocephalus (Pentastomida: Porocephalidae) en Ecuador Glenda M. Pozo-Zamora and Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz Abstract Endoparasites of the genus Porocephalus, which mainly affect lungs of snakes, are distributed in Asia, Africa and America. In Ecuador, these parasites have been reported only for Boa constrictor. Here, we report the first record of infestation of Porocephalus in Epicrates cenchria cenchria from the Ecuadorian Amazon, based on examination of museum specimens. We found 26 parasitic individuals in 4 infected snakes, with a maximum of 16 individuals in a juvenile snake, and a minimum of 2 in an adult snake. Morphometric characters of the Ecuadorian populations of Porocephalus do not agree with those described for the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Pentastomiasis in Australian Re
    Fact sheet Pentastomiasis (also known as Porocephalosis) is a disease caused by infection with pentastomids. Pentastomids are endoparasites of vertebrates, maturing primarily in the respiratory system of carnivorous reptiles (90% of all pentastomid species), but also in toads, birds and mammals. Pentastomids have zoonotic potential although no human cases have been reported in Australia. These parasites have an indirect life cycle involving one or more intermediate host. They may be distinguished from other parasite taxa by the presence of four hooks surrounding their mouth, which they use for attaching to respiratory tissue to feed on host blood. Pentastomid infections are often asymptomatic, but adult and larval pentastomids can cause severe pathology resulting in the death of their intermediate and definitive hosts, usually via obstruction of airways or secondary bacterial and/or fungal infections. Pentastomiasis in reptiles is caused by endoparasitic metazoans of the subclass Pentastomida. Four genera are known to infect crocodiles in Australia: Alofia, Leiperia, Sebekia, and Selfia; all in the family Sebekidae. Three genera infect lizards in Australia: Raillietiella (Family: Raillietiellidae), Waddycephalus (Family: Sambonidae) and Elenia (Family: Sambonidae). Four genera infect snakes in Australia: Waddycephalus, Parasambonia (Family: Sambonidae), Raillietiella and Armillifer (Family: Armilliferidae). Definitive hosts Many species of Australian reptiles, including snakes, lizards and crocodiles are proven definitive hosts for pentastomes (see Appendix 1). Lizards may be both intermediate and definitive hosts for pentastomids. Raillietiella spp. occurs primarily in small to medium-sized lizards and Elenia australis infects large varanids. Nymphs of Waddycephalus in several lizard species likely reflect incidental infection; it is possible that lizards are an intermediate host for Waddycephalus.
    [Show full text]
  • Armillifer Armillatus Elective Neutering
    on the enteral serosa, bladder, uterus, and in the omentum Transmission of (Figure 1, panels B, C). In April 2010, a male stray dog, 6 months of age, was admitted to the veterinary clinic for Armillifer armillatus elective neutering. Coiled pentastomid larvae were found in the vaginal processes of the testes during surgery. Adult Ova at Snake Farm, and larval parasite specimens were preserved in 100% The Gambia, West Africa Dennis Tappe, Michael Meyer, Anett Oesterlein, Assan Jaye, Matthias Frosch, Christoph Schoen, and Nikola Pantchev Visceral pentastomiasis caused by Armillifer armillatus larvae was diagnosed in 2 dogs in The Gambia. Parasites were subjected to PCR; phylogenetic analysis confi rmed re- latedness with branchiurans/crustaceans. Our investigation highlights transmission of infective A. armillatus ova to dogs and, by serologic evidence, also to 1 human, demonstrating a public health concern. entastomes are an unusual group of vermiform para- Psites that infect humans and animals. Phylogenetically, these parasites represent modifi ed crustaceans probably re- lated to maxillopoda/branchiurans (1). Most documented human infections are caused by members of the species Armillifer armillatus, which cause visceral pentastomiasis in West and Central Africa (2–4). An increasing number of infections are reported from these regions (5–7). Close contact with snake excretions, such as in python tribal to- temism in Africa (5) and tropical snake farming (2), as well as consumption of undercooked contaminated snake meat (8), likely plays a major role in transmission of pentastome ova to humans. The Study In May 2009, a 7-year-old female dog was admitted to a veterinary clinic in Bijilo, The Gambia, for elective ovariohysterectomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals
    Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals Each product can only be used according to dosages and descriptions given on the leaflet within each package. Table A.1 Selection of drugs against protozoan diseases of dogs and cats (these compounds are not approved in all countries but are often available by import) Dosage (mg/kg Parasites Active compound body weight) Application Isospora species Toltrazuril D: 10.00 1Â per day for 4–5 d; p.o. Toxoplasma gondii Clindamycin D: 12.5 Every 12 h for 2–4 (acute infection) C: 12.5–25 weeks; o. Every 12 h for 2–4 weeks; o. Neospora Clindamycin D: 12.5 2Â per d for 4–8 sp. (systemic + Sulfadiazine/ weeks; o. infection) Trimethoprim Giardia species Fenbendazol D/C: 50.0 1Â per day for 3–5 days; o. Babesia species Imidocarb D: 3–6 Possibly repeat after 12–24 h; s.c. Leishmania species Allopurinol D: 20.0 1Â per day for months up to years; o. Hepatozoon species Imidocarb (I) D: 5.0 (I) + 5.0 (I) 2Â in intervals of + Doxycycline (D) (D) 2 weeks; s.c. plus (D) 2Â per day on 7 days; o. C cat, D dog, d day, kg kilogram, mg milligram, o. orally, s.c. subcutaneously Table A.2 Selection of drugs against nematodes of dogs and cats (unfortunately not effective against a broad spectrum of parasites) Active compounds Trade names Dosage (mg/kg body weight) Application ® Fenbendazole Panacur D: 50.0 for 3 d o. C: 50.0 for 3 d Flubendazole Flubenol® D: 22.0 for 3 d o.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Potential of International Trade in CITES-Listed Species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No
    Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No. 678 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex C: CITES-listed species and directly associated zoonotic diseases Annex D: Full trade summaries by taxonomic family UNEP-WCMC & JNCC May 2021 © JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Prepared for JNCC Published May 2021 Copyright JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Citation UNEP-WCMC and JNCC, 2021. Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES- listed species. JNCC Report No. 678, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091. Contributing authors Stafford, C., Pavitt, A., Vitale, J., Blömer, N., McLardy, C., Phillips, K., Scholz, L., Littlewood, A.H.L, Fleming, L.V. & Malsch, K. Acknowledgements We are grateful for the constructive comments and input from Jules McAlpine (JNCC), Becky Austin (JNCC), Neville Ash (UNEP-WCMC) and Doreen Robinson (UNEP). We also thank colleagues from OIE for their expert input and review in relation to the zoonotic disease dataset. Cover Photographs Adobe Stock images ISSN 0963-8091 JNCC Report No. 678: Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Table B1: Taxonomic orders1 associated with at least one zoonotic disease according to the source papers, ranked by number of associated zoonotic diseases identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Pentastomiasis : Case Report of an Acute Abdominal Emergency
    Pentastomiasis : case report of an acute abdominal emergency Autor(en): Herzog, U. / Marty, P. / Zak, F. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Acta Tropica Band (Jahr): 42 (1985) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 04.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-313477 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Acta Tropica 42. 261-271 (1985) 1 St. Clara-Spital. Chirurgie. Basel. Switzerland. 2 Faculté de Médecine. Nice. France 3 Department of Toxicology. Ciba-Geigy Ltd.. Basel. Switzerland Pentastomiasis: case report of an acute abdominal emergency U. Herzog1. P. Marty2. F. Zak3 Summary A 34-year-old native woman presented as an acute abdominal emergency at the Surgery Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Companion Animals: a Potential Threat in Emergence And
    Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences Review Article Companion Animals: A Potential Threat in Emergence and Transmission of Parasitic Zoonoses 1* 2 3 MAGUDESWARA MOORTHI SENTHIL MURUGAN , KANDASAMY ARUNVIKRAM , SELVARAJ PAVULRAJ , 4 1 1 AROCKIASAMY ARUN PRINCE MILTON ,DHARMENDRA KUMAR SINHA , BHOJ RAJ SINGH 1Division of Epidemiology; 2Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 4Division of Veterinary Public Health, IC- AR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)–243122, India; 3Equine Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines (ICAR-NRCE), Hisar, Haryana-125001, India. Abstract | Recent emergence of zoonotic-parasitic diseases in humans are due to evolution of microbes or parasites with alterations of host ranges, vector system, infectivity, virulence and/or re-occurrence of an unreported infection. Al- though, zoonotic parasitic diseases of companion animal origin are very familiar and deliberately studied in American and European countries, they are under prioritized areas of human health concern in developing countries like India. Circumstances prevailing in developing countries are favourable for easy and diffuse transmission and surfacing of zoonotic parasitic infections viz. toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, toxacariasis, echinoccosis, leishmaniasis, etc. However, with the implementations of personal hygiene and sanitary measures, appearance and spread of such zoonotic parasitic in- fections from companion animals can be prevented. Pet owners must be educated in a right way about the potential zo- onotic risks, mode of transmission of these infections from their pets. It has been concluded that veterinarians need to play an immense role in educating and creating awareness on transmission and prevention of companion animal zoon- oses in humans. This review discusses about the common parasitic zoonoses of companion animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Visceral Pentastomiasis Caused by Armillifer Armillatus in a Captive Striped Hyena (Hyaena Hyaena) in Chiang Mai Night Safari, Thailand
    Parasitology International 65 (2016) 58–61 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Parasitology International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/parint Case report Visceral pentastomiasis caused by Armillifer armillatus in a captive striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Chiang Mai Night Safari, Thailand Sakorn Dechkajorn a, Raksiri Nomsiri a, Kittikorn Boonsri b, Duanghatai Sripakdee b,c, Kabkaew L. Sukontason d, Anchalee Wannasan d, Sasisophin Chailangkarn b,e, Saruda Tiwananthagorn b,e,⁎ a Chiang Mai Night Safari, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand b Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand c Veterinary Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand d Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand e Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand article info abstract Article history: Visceral pentastomiasis (porocephalosis) caused by Armillifer armillatus larvae was incidentally diagnosed in a Received 4 April 2015 female striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) of unknown age which died unexpectedly in 2013. The hyena had been Received in revised form 7 October 2015 imported from Tanzania 8 years earlier and have been since then in a zoo in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Accepted 8 October 2015 Pathological examination revealed visceral nymph migrans of pentastomes throughout the intestine, liver, Available online 14 October 2015 diaphragm, omentum and mesentery, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder. Polymerase chain reaction and se- fi Keywords: quencing that targeted the pentastomid-speci c 18S rRNA gene determined 100% identity with reference sequence Visceral pentastomiasis for A.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis of Human Visceral Pentastomiasis
    Symposium Diagnosis of Human Visceral Pentastomiasis Dennis Tappe1*, Dietrich W. Bu¨ ttner2 1 Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Germany, 2 Department of Helminthology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany four-legged primary larva hatches and invades the viscera. After Abstract: Visceral pentastomiasis in humans is caused by encapsulation by host tissue and several molts, the infective larval the larval stages (nymphs) of the arthropod-related stage develops (Figure 1B). In species infecting humans, the tongue worms Linguatula serrata, Armillifer armillatus, A. morphological appearance thereby changes and the nymphs moniliformis, A. grandis, and Porocephalus crotali. The finally resemble the adult legless vermiform pentastomes in shape majority of cases has been reported from Africa, Malaysia, (Figures 1C–1E). and the Middle East, where visceral pentastomiasis may be an incidental finding in autopsies, and less often from China and Latin America. In Europe and North America, What Are the Risk Factors for Infection, and How Can the the disease is only rarely encountered in immigrants and Disease Be Prevented? long-term travelers, and the parasitic lesions may be Close contact to dogs and their secretions predispose for confused with malignancies, leading to a delay in the infection with L. serrata, whereas people whose diet includes snake correct diagnosis. Since clinical symptoms are variable and meat, workers at Asian snake-farms, snake keepers in zoos and pet serological tests are not readily available, the diagnosis shops, veterinarians, and owners of several species of pythons, often relies on histopathological examinations. This vipers, cobras, and rattlesnakes may be exposed to ova of Armillifer laboratory symposium focuses on the diagnosis of this and Porocephalus.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73- 23,936 DEAKINS, Dennis Eugene, 1943- P E M S T O M E PAIHDLOGY in CAPTIVE REPTILES
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]