Imphal Times Supplementary issue Page No. 2 Editorial Contd. from Yesterday Issue Friday, July 26, 2019 in So in order to pacify the minds of Manuscripts names like Poirei , its original form. follow Hindu religion were the people Guru Shantidas advised Poirei Meitei , Poirei Sana - Kongba Leithong Phatpa of considered as inferior people. Of human rights and the king to revive Sanamahi Pungmayon were used as names for Sajibu got mixed with Mixed Culture: worship saying that God was one this land. Sankranti. Even though Hinduism became the open world and Sanamahi was the incarnation In the manuscript called Sakok - Ahong Khong Chingba of main religion of Manipur the of Shri and was also Lamlal it was mentioned that in the Engen got replaced by Rathayatra. traditional religious beliefs and With increase in number of uncontrollable the incarnation of Lord Vishnu. ancient age called Hayichak the - Langban Chara Tamba – the customs were not totally lost. The threats to people and communities after the With these on Thursday 2 nd of land was called Tilli Koktong ritual of making offerings of food to religion followed by the Meiteis is a introduction of an order marked by ‘open world’, Thawan 1729 A.D. a sacred place Ahanba . In the age called our ancestors held in the month of combination of both Meitei and the concept of human security has become a vital for Lainingthou Sanamahi was Khunungchak it was called Mira Langban get replaced by Tarpan. Hindu religion. It is a syncretic form. concern for both academic and human right maintained and worshipping Pongthok Lam . In the Langpa Chak - Mera Sanduba and In every household a sacred place th activities all over the world today. This concern started. On the day 11 of Wakching the land was called Hanna semba Nungoibi Lalu Chanba got replaced each for Lainingthou Sanamahi, the temple of Lainingthou konna loiba . In the Konna Chak it by Kwak Tanba. This event takes Leimarel and is maintained. calls for reframing of a preventive mechanism Sanamahi was consecrated and was called it was Muwa palli . In the place on 10 th of Mera. Even the who came and to offer a safety and security of people’s worshipped. manuscript called Sading it was - Chanou Tangba ceremony ie settled in Manipur also worshipped livelihood while confronting the ‘systematic’ But the efforts for conversion to written that between two sacred offering of newly harvested paddy Sanamahi in their homes. Umang Lai socio-economic and political situation shaped by Ramandi religion never ceases. places in Kangla viz, Nungkoibi of the year got replaced by Haraoba still remains as a purely underlying politics of the state. The way this Shantidas thought that until and and Taipongthong a precious stone Govardhan Pujah. Meitei festival. It remains unaffected situation has been institutionalized to mellow unless the priceless old manuscripts (Maniyai) was believed to be found. - Jaljatra Wakyei Hitongba by Hindu religion. But the festivals, down the voices of resistance is critical in terms called Puyas were destroyed people So the land was called Mani Sana ceremony replaced Hiyangei various rituals from birth till death of its potential to turn the world upside down would not accept his religion. So Leimayon . Not only this the land Hitongba of Hiyangei. all exhibit a mixed form of Meitei on Sunday 17 th of Mera 1732 A.D all was also called Mayai Koirenthak - Ukai kappa of Phairen was religion and Hindu religion. thereby leaving the people into a state of the Puyas were collected and put Namthak Saron Pung. With the replaced by Dussehra. While making houses the Meiteis perplexity. Therefore, understanding this to flames in front of Kangla Utra . coming of Poireiton the land came - Ougri Chongba of Lamta got still follow the traditional manner underlying politics becomes an inevitable strategy This incident is called Puya to be known as Poirei Meitei. The mixed with of the . and practices. Whenever it comes to prevent the prevailing threats from its Meithaba in the history of reason why Shantidas called the Introduction of Hindu Books : to selection of proper site the Meitei furtherance in the future. After all, human Manipur. In this fire around 120 land Manipur was written in The adoption of Hindu religion by tradition is followed while laying of security is a resultant condition emerged out of different Puyas were burnt but it Sanamahi Laikal. Garibniwaj led to the writing of foundation and consecration are socio-economic and political product of the state was presumed that the actual The brief meaning goes like this – Hindu religious books like done in Hindu style by consulting number of manuscripts were much The land is blessed with six seasons. and in Manipuri language. Brahmins. Inside the houses itself. more than this. The names of the It is no ordinary land. The king of As Ramandi was the main religion Sanamahi and Leimarel are worship, The kind of prevailing politics in the 120 destroyed Puyas were written in the land belongs to the of the at that time, was outside the houses the Meiteis Northeast particularly in the state of the Puya called Miyat . But it can be Sun - Surya Vans. A cave lies within considered the main priority. So all worship the Tulasi (Sacred basil) Manipur today requires a critical engagement said that these 120 Puyas were not the Kangla. So let this land be the seven kandas of Ramayana planted in their courtyards. Images with the issues at the core in order to assess the totally lost. Some puyas which were named Manipur. If people ask how were written in Manipuri. The of Hindu Gods and Goddesses like nature of human security. Recently after copied and some others which were then the answer lies in the story of Ramayana written by Sage (Goddess of learning), neglecting for decades, the region has been kept secretly remained. Some puyas the . After the was in language. The (Goddess of wealth), are still there which need to be read Mahabharata War was killed Manipuri Ramayana was based on ( Goddess of war/valour), projected as an ‘economic powerhouse’ through only at night with no one by his son Babrubahana while he the Ramayana written by Kritibas Vishwakarma ( God of skill) are its natural resources as well as ‘strategic location’ around.Some Puyas which were was performing Arshamedha Yagya. in Bengali. During that time there worship from tome to time. Shiv – for Indian state while multiple issues threatening considered to be destroyed in the Babrubahana was the son of Arjuna were many scholars who were well ratri, Govardhan are being the livelihood of the people in the region are being fire are still found today. They may and Chitrangada the daughter of versed in Sanskrit and Bengali. On performed. In the temples of Hindu kept on the bay. be considered to have been written king Chitrabahan whom Arjuna the royal order of Garibniwaj the Brahmins offerings of vegetables This write up argues that this projection in again after Pamheiba was no longer married during the 12 years exile. seven kandas of Ramayana was called Sidha Thinba and offering of long term has been a strategy for the Indian state the king. This is possible because When Babrubahana came to know written by Khema Singh Taret Kheer to Lord Vishnu are made and most of the Meitei Puyas are related that Arjuna was his father, he went Selungba with the assistance of a purifying ritual called Shanti to fragment the public voices on different issues withreligiouschantings which are to Patal, the nether world to seek Pramanada, Mukundaram, Lakshmi Haidokpa is also done. Along with w hich turn out to become a causal factor in used frequently by the Meitei Priest the powerful Gem (Mani) from Narayan Irom, Ramcharan and these the Meiteis also offer chain. The kind of ongoing contested claims or Maichous. So they learn Ananta the many headed Snake Lakshmi Narayan Saikhuba. vegetables or fruits to Sanamahi among different communities are the product everything by heart. Be it puya or king. With the help of the Gem Arjuna Another Pandit named Angom Gopi everyday or from time to time. of this strategy for which people are to Lai – Haraoba the priests / came back to life. It was believed also wrote the Ramayana Kandas Whenever misfortune befall on any understand the predatory nature of the state. Priestesses always say the that this powerful Gem lies in this in Manipuri. He also wrote a small person ancestor worship is carried We intend to reflect some of the critical issues chantings without looking at a book land. So this land should be named episode called Parikshit from out. There is no Hindu influence on the role of the state in exploring the or manuscript. The PuyaNumit as Manipur (Mani – Gem). Gangadas Sen’s Mahabharata. On here. The Meiteis also carried out Kappa and Tutenglon were used as Like this the name of the land got the order of Garibniwaj Maharaja worship of Emoinu who is the potential of the region at present. We also seek chantings for Chupsaba and the changed. Not only this King Murari and Angom Gopi wrote an Goddess of wealth. to focus on the perception of the people while Priest would recite everything Pamheiba also got a new Hindu episode from Kritibas’s Ramayana The Manipuri Ras Leela is a world negotiating the elements of the state forces without looking at the puyas . name ie Garibniwaz. The Queen’s called Veerbahu Tuba . The book renowned classical dance form of as well as their compelling factors of The long Epic Khamba Thoibi name changed to Gomti. Many of mentioned the date and year of India. The main theme is based on surrendering their due share for the immediate which took many days to sing by the King’s noblemen changed their writing as Wednesday 12 th of Sajibu the story of Krishna (Hindu God) requirement. It is of utmost need for the pena or Khongjom Parba singers names to Hindu names. Maharaja, in 1635. The seven Ramayana and . But the art form, government to ponder upon the demand made did not require a book or script to Maharani, Jubaraj, Mantri were the Kandaswhich were written during costumes and inner concept all look at. Local storytellers called new names for King, Queen, the time of Garibniwaj Maharaja belong to this land. by almost all section of people for introduction wari liba would learn the stories of Wangol Ningthou and Mathang were lost in the turmoil of Awa Rath Jatra is a part of Hindu religion. of a legislation which could formulate a Ramayana and Mahabharata by khanba respectively. Many Hindu, invasion. But during the reign of This is done in Manipur also. In mechanism to safeguard the sanctity of the heart and they could tell it Sanskrit, Bangla words were Labanyachandra, Shridam Manipur a big Rath (Chariot) is people. continuously. introduced. A very sacred place for Thoudamcha wrote again two drawn from the palace and this is However hard Shantidas and the the Meiteiscalled Mongba Hanba Kandas Adi and Ayodha Kanda. The called Konung Kang Chingba. king tried Meitei religion could not was replaced with Mahabali after the books written during this time were Besides these many smaller raths are Mathematics be totally replaced by the new placing and worshipping of all in Meitei script and not in Bengali drawn in different localities. The religion. This forcible conversion Thakur. In the place of script. They were not the exact tradition followed in Manipur is By: enough to sustain these activities led to a great rift between the king Hiyangthang Lairembi Kamakhya translation but adaptations of the different from other places. The Wilbur R. Knorr and to provide leisure for and his people. Seeing the situation was placed and worshipped. original ones. They were written just palace rath should be drawn first Craig G. Fraser contemplation and the opportunity Shantidas adopted new measures According to Sanamahi Laikal, the like the old Manipuri literature work. before the rathas of the localities. Menso Folkerts to build on the achievements of to appease the people. seven ( salai) of the The language was old Manipuri. During night a song and dance ritual Jeremy John Gray earlier mathematicians. The statue of Lainingthou Meiteis changed to Hindu Gotras. There was usage of Hindi, Sanskrit called Choitep Chongba is John L. Berggren All mathematical systems (for Sanamahi which was destroyed in Such as and Bengali words according to the performed and khichdi is prepared example, Euclidean geometry) are the month of Thawan 1733 A.D was Meeitei Clan story. as prasad. Choitep Chongba is Mathematics , the science of combin ations of sets of axioms and made again by casting in bronze. Hindu Gotra Books were all written in Meitei actually singing the songs of Geet structure, order, and relation that has of theorems that can be logically ( Lainingthou Sanamahi is still Ningthouja script till the reign of Churachand Gobind, Das Avtar of the Poet evolved from elemental practices of deduced from the axioms. Inquiries worshipped today at Haying Sandilat Maharaj. But the book Sangai Jaydeva which is accompanied by counting, measuring, and describing into the logical and philosophical Khongban near 1 st Manipur Rifles). Angom Phamang which was written during dancing. Men, Women, Old and the shapes of objects. It deals with basis of mathematics reduce to People were then allowed to Kaushik the time of Chandrakirti was in young all can take part in this dance logical reasoning and quantitative questions of whether the axioms worship Sanamahi at their homes Thangyi Chengleibam (Kha Bengali script in Manipuri language. which is usually performed in the calculation, and its development has of a given system ensure its as before. Worshipping of Umang Nganba) Bharadwaz From 1890 A.D Haodaijamba Mandap (a big space in front of the involved an increasing degree of completeness and its consistency. lai was again revived. By doing so Cheiteinya started writing books in temple). The Meiteis cannot idealization and abstraction of its For full treatment of this aspect, the minds of the people got Kashyap Bengali script. The original Meitei pronounce ‘J’ and ‘D’ as them is no subject matter. Since the 17th see mathematics, foundations of. pacified. At the same time many Khuman books like Samsok Ngamba, Takhel such letter in their script. So they century, mathematics has been an This article offers a history of Hindu Religious festivals were Madhugalya Ngamba, Chothe Thangwai pronounce ‘J’ as ‘Ch’ and ‘D’ as ‘T’. indispensable adjunct to the mathematics from ancient times to introduced to the land. The festivals Moirang were also written As a result Jaydeva changes to physical sciences and technology, the present. As a consequence of were happily accepted by the people Atreya during the time of Garibniwaj Choitep . Even though the songs and in more recent times it has the exponential growth of science, and they became a part of the Phantek (Sarang Leishang) Maharaj. originally belong to Jayadeva they assumed a similar role in the most mathematics has developed people’s lives. A book called Gautam AfterMaharaj Garibniwaj a strong are sung in the tune of the Meitei quantitative aspects of the life since the 15th century ce, and it is Sanamahi Laikal was written The above clans and gotras have wave of arose during folk song – Khutlang Eshei / sciences. a historical fact that, from the 15th tocommemorate the revival of some differences with those of the reign of Maharaj Khunung Eshei. The dance which In many cultures—under the century to the late 20th century, Sanamahi religion. today. As for example Moirang clan Bhagyachandra. By then Hinduism accompany the song is also in stimulus of the needs of practical new developments in mathematics How Manipur was named: is divided as old Moirang and New had rooted deeply in the soil of Manipuri style. Indeed it is in a mixed pursuits, such as commerce and were largely concentrated in With the introduction of Hinduism Moirang. Old Moirang corresponds Manipur. Statue of Shri Shri Govind form. agriculture—mathematics has Europe and North America. For this land had seen many changes. to gotra Atreya while New Moirang was erected and Ras Leela played. The Hindu festival Holi is performed developed far beyond basic these reasons, the bulk of this On the advice of Shantidas this corresponds to Gotra. The belief became so strong during in Manipur as Yaoshang. It is a big counting. This growth has been article is devoted to European land was named Manipur. Before Bharadwaj Gotra is for Khaba and the time of Chandrakirti and festival which is celebrated for five greatest in societies complex developments since 1500. this the land was given different Neimisa Gotra is for Nganba. Churachand Maharaj that speaking days. The Manipuri Holi is quite Letters, Feedback and Suggestions to ‘ Times’ names by its neighbours as for Vashishta Gotra is for Chenglei Salai without Sanskrit or Bengali words different from the original Holi, it can be sent to our e-mail : [email protected]. example Kashe by Awa (Samshok) and Angiras Gotra for was considered a sign of uncivilized shows a mixed nature. On one day and Kate by Sans ; Mekhali by Leishangthem. nature. A form of social division ahead of Holi Nong Laoba and For advertisement kindy contact: - 0385-2452159 (O). Takhel and Tekhaos;Mogali by During this time the traditional called Amang – Aseng (somewhat Yaoshang Meijao are done. For time being readers can reach the office at Cell Phone Mayang Cachhar ; Meckley by the festivals of the Meiteis got mixed similar tountouchability) began to No. 9862860745 for any purpose. British (in their maps) etc. In the old with Hindu festivals thereby losing flourished. People who did not (To beContd.)