Global Overview 2014 People internally displaced by conflict and violence FYR Macedonia Cyprus Turkey Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan Russian Federation At least 330 Up to At least Up to Up to 8,400 Up to At least 34,900 212,400 953,700 206,600 543,400 Internal displacement worldwide Kosovo At least Uzbekistan 17,300 At least 3,400 Serbia Turkmenistan At least 4,000 97,300 Kyrgyzstan Bosnia and 0 Herzegovina 103,400 Palestine 146,000 Afghanistan At least 631,000 Libya At least 59,400 Pakistan At least 746,700 Chad Nepal Up to 90,000 Up to 50,000 Niger India Up to11,000 At least 526,000 Nigeria Bangladesh 3,300,000 Up to 280,000 Laos Senegal Up to 4,500 Mexico Up to 24,000 160,000 Mali Myanmar At least 640,900 Guatemala 218,000 242,000 Liberia Togo Thailand Up to 23,000 Up to At least 35,000 10,000 Iraq Honduras Up to 17,000 Côte d’Ivoire The Philippines At least 70,000 2,100,000 At least 115,800 Colombia CAR Syria 935,000 Sri Lanka At least 5,700,000 At least Up to 90,000 Republic of the Congo 6,500,000 Timor-Leste Up to 7,800 Peru At least 900 150,000 Lebanon DRC At least 20,000 At least 2,963,700 Yemen 307,000 Indonesia At least 90,000 Angola Eritrea Up to 20,000 Up to 10,000 Sudan Somalia Abyei At least 2,426,700 1,100,000 At least 20,000 South Sudan Ethiopia At least 383,000 316,000 Kenya Burundi 412,000 Up to 78,900 Zimbabwe Uganda 36,000 Up to 29,800 Global Overview 2014 People internally displaced by conflict and violence May 2014 Authors: Sebastián Albuja, Emilie Arnaud, Martina Caterina, Guillaume Charron, Florence Foster, Anne-Kathrin Glatz, Steve Hege, Caroline Howard, Johanna Klos, Frederik Kok, Vsevolod Kritskiy, Anaïs Pagot, Héloïse Ruaudel, Elizabeth J Rushing, Wesli Turner, Nadine Walicki and Melanie Wissing Reviewers: Alexandra Bilak, Sophie Crozet, Arvinn Gadgil, Justin Ginetti, Jacopo Giorgi, Ingrid MacDonald, Kim Mancini Beck, Barbara McCallin, Lieske Pott Hofstede, Michelle Yonetani and Alfredo Zamudio External reviewers: Allehone Abebe, Nina Birkeland, Megan Bradley, Roger Zetter Contributors: Ali Anwar, Julia Blocher, David Chong-Wa, Jacqueline Shahinian and Clare Spurrell Project coordinator: Héloïse Ruaudel Editor: Jeremy Lennard Designer: Rachel Natali Printing: Imprimerie Harder Cover photo: Yousef Abo in the rubble of his home in the district of Tariq Al Bab in Aleppo. On the night of 22 February 2013 the Syrian regime launched a Scud missile which killed 120 people, including Yousef’s wife, two sons and two daughters. (Photo: © Pablo Tosco, February 2013) Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7–9 CH-1219 Châtelaine (Geneva) Tel: +41 22 799 0700, Fax: +41 22 799 0701 www.internal-displacement.org With thanks IDMC would like to thank the donors who supported its work in 2013, and thereby made it possible to produce this report. USA’s USAID, The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), Australia’s AusAID, EuropeAid, the UK’s DFID, Swe- den’s Sida, the Swiss FDFA, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Netherlands’ MFA, the Liechtenstein MFA, the World Bank and other supporters. About this report The Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Moni- Several countries mentioned in the regional annexes do not toring Centre (IDMC) has monitored internal displacement since have pages of their own, because little or no new information 1998. Our annual Global Overview covers people internally dis- has been made available since the end of 2012. We have also placed by international and internal armed conflict, generalised removed a small number of countries from the report. This does violence - communal, ethnic, political and criminal violence - and not reflect a conclusion that internal displacement no longer ex- human rights violations. This current report is based on data ists in those places, but rather the paucity of the data available and analysis gathered between January and December 2013. for analysis. Algeria and Israel were cases in point in 2013. More Our research and analysis also show that the causes and information on these countries and detailed figures analysis impacts of displacement are multiple and often overlapping, can be found on our website: www.internal-displacement.org. including those related to disasters induced by natural hazards, The availability and quality of information depends, above which we report on separately. all, on national authorities’ capacity and will to collect and dis- The first section of this document outlines the scale and main seminate it as part of their response to displacement. We have trends, causes and impacts of displacement in 2013. It goes on made every effort to be accurate and up-to-date throughout this to explore key issues, challenges and changes in policy and report. The number and reliability of sources, however, varies practice needed to address the phenomenon and to promote widely from country to country. Data may be based on reports the rights of internally displaced people (IDPs) at the national, of new displacements, or in some cases on subsequent assess- regional and global level. ments to determine how many IDPs need support. If reliable or Five regional summaries are each followed by figures and credible information was not available about the scale of new descriptions of internal displacement in the countries we monitor or cumulative displacement, we have stated as much. in that region. The report provides information on 58 countries Our estimates are rounded up or down to the nearest 100. We and territories overall, with dedicated country pages for 43. The state “up to” when we have reason to believe that the reported country pages include estimates for cumulative displacement figures may overestimate the actual scale of displacement. This as of the end of 2013, which are also expressed as a proportion is often because only old source data is available and we have of each country’s population. If the number of IDPs has fallen evidence that displacement has abated since. If we believe the significantly, the peak year and number are also given. reported figures to be an underestimate, we state “at least”. Figures for new displacements and returns in 2013 are noted This may be because the source data does not cover all areas where available, but actual numbers may well be considerably affected by displacement. Countries in which the number of higher. It is also important to note that IDPs reported as hav- IDPs fell to zero during the year are included in the report and ing returned to their places of origin may not necessarily have the change explained. Those that had no IDPs for a second con- achieved durable solutions to their displacement. Those who secutive year in 2013 are not included, as is the case for Croatia. chose to integrate locally in their places of refuge or to settle We use UN Population Fund (UNFPA) figures to normalise elsewhere in the country are seldom monitored, meaning little our displacement estimates. We do this because other popula- information is given on their number or fate. tion figures are unreliable for some of the countries we moni- tor and using them would not yield comparable percentages. UNFPA’s statistics can be found at www.unfpa.org/swp. A note on methodology Each country’s displacement figure is also compared with its To produce this report, IDMC compiled and analysed the best ranking on UNDP’s Human Development Index. UNDP’s rank- data available from national governments, the UN and other inter- ings are based on life expectancy, literacy and other education national agencies, national and international NGOs, human rights indices, and gross domestic product per capita. Countries that organisations, media reports and IDPs themselves. Field missions score up to 85 are considered highly developed, and those were also conducted in a number of countries during 2013. between 128 and 187 the least developed. A small number of We strive continuously with our partners to improve our meth- countries are not ranked. odology and the quality of our evidence and analysis. Such For the purposes of this report, we include Turkey, the Bal- improvements, and the availability of better source data may kans, the Caucasus and the Russian Federation in the Europe have contributed to changes in figures for 2013 compared with and central Asia region, and Afghanistan in south and south- previous years, alongside actual increases or decreases in the east Asia. Any boundaries, names or other designations shown scale of displacement. on maps or elsewhere do not imply our official endorsement or For countries where reasonably indicative data is not avail- acceptance of them. able, we have previously reported the number of IDPs as “unde- termined”. This year, however, we have provided best estimates, while drawing attention to the sometimes considerable limita- tions of the information on which they are based. 6 Contents Internal displacement worldwide in 2013 . 9 Internal displacement in sub-Saharan Africa . 18 Internal displacement in the Americas . 38 Internal displacement in Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia 45 Internal displacement in the Middle East and north Africa . 56 Internal displacement in south and south-east Asia. 65 Acronyms AU African Union CAP Consolidated Appeals Process CoE Council of Europe EU European Union IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICC International Criminal Court ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDPs Internally Displaced People IOM International Organisation