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TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE) James Korecki Clemson University, Jkoreck@Clemson.Edu Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2006 REVISION OF THE MALES OF THE Hydrospyche scalaris GROUP IN NORTH AMERICA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE) James Korecki Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Korecki, James, "REVISION OF THE MALES OF THE Hydrospyche scalaris GROUP IN NORTH AMERICA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE)" (2006). All Theses. 44. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/44 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REVISION OF THE MALES OF THE Hydropsyche scalaris GROUP IN NORTH AMERICA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE) A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Entomology by James A. Korecki December 2006 Accepted by: John C. Morse, Committee Chair Peter H. Adler Patrick D. McMillan © 2006 James A. Korecki ABSTRACT The genus Hydrospsyche Pictet sensu stricto in North America is divided into three species groups, the Hydrospyche cuanis Ross Group Ross, the Hydropsyche depravata Hagen Group Ross, and the Hydropsyche scalaris Hagen Group Banks. Thirty-one of thirty-six described species are recognized in the Hydropsyche scalaris Group. Examination of adult males resulted in 5 junior subjective synonyms and one possible new species based on a single exemplar from Sevier County, Utah. Hydropsyche bidens Ross 1938, H. orris Ross 1938, and H. alvata Denning 1949 are junior synonyms of Hydropsyche incommoda Hagen 1861. Hydrospyche rossi Flint, Voshell and Parker, 1979 and H. fenestra Lago and Harris 2006 are junior synonyms of H. simulans Ross 1938. A key to the adult males is provided and intraspecific variation illustrated. Scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectioned material, careful hand dissections, and a summary of relevant literature were used to formulate a revised description of phallic morphology. The phallobase forms the copulatory organ with the endotheca indistinguishable. The sclerotized, non-eversible, internal atrium of Hydropsyche s.s. is considered phallicata based on the presence of internal longitudinal muscle and its attachment points. Parameres and endophallus are absent. Conflicting and supporting evidence for alternative interpretations of the phallic apparatus is considered. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this revision would not have been possible without the assistance, collaboration, and support of numerous colleagues and friends. The large scope and difficult nature of this project is reflected in the number of people whose assistance proved invaluable. I wish to acknowledge the following collections and their curatorial staff for providing loans to make this study possible: California Academy of Sciences; Dr. Boris Kondratieff and the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Biodiversity at Colorado State University; Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology; Illinois Natural History Survey; Dr. Douglas C. Currie and the Royal Ontario Museum; Dr. Oliver S. Flint and the United States National Museum (Dr. Flint also offered guidance in identifying problematic species in need of additional attention.); and the Clemson University Arthropod Collection. In addition I would like to thank Dr. Andrew K. Rasmussen for providing additional specimens of Hydropscyhe alabama. Special thanks is appropriate for Dave Ruiter who provided open access to his personal collection, sent a steady supply of unusual specimens, provided critical discussion, and facilitated the collection of western species during the authors visit to Colorado. As my major advisor, Dr. John C. Morse provided guidance and expert knowledge that facilitated the progress of this revision. Dr. Peter H. Adler, as a committee member and instructor further ignited my love for entomology both inside and outside of the classroom. His broad scientific knowledge, thought provoking lectures, and practical taxonomic insight catalyzed my drive for accurate observation of the natural v world. Dr. Patrick D. McMillan proved an invaluable addition to my committee and assisted greatly in the completion of this project. His knowledge of principal component analysis and familiarity with species delineation problems were invaluable. For all these reasons and more, I offer my sincere thanks to those who served on my graduate committee. Numerous faculty and staff at Clemson University have provided assistance and I wish to thank all those who have contributed to the successful completion of this project. Dr. Guido Schnabel helped translate the original German description of Hydrospyche auricolor into English. Dr. John P. Wourms, Dr. Steven E. Ellis, and Mr. Darryl E. Kruegger provided direction, technical assistance, and access to lab facilities/equipment that enabled the morphological analysis of cross-sectioned material. Mr. William T. Kay and the Electron Imaging and Analytical Services staff provided technical assistance in the capture of scanning electron images used in this study. Many fellow graduate students have made significant contributions to this project, provided much needed encouragement, and at times offered necessary distractions to preserve the integrity of my sanity. I would like to thank Ozlem Kalkar and Yayi Kasumah for sharing their knowledge of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The graduate students of the Comparative Entomology Laboratory have offered critical discussion that helped shape my ideas. In particular, our lively discussions of caddisfly genitalia and numerous outbursts of exasperation left little to the imagination for unfortunate passerbys, but served to motivate the expolortion of novel ideas expressed in this study. Special thanks to Will K. Reeves, Mark P. Nelder, and Layla Burgess for vi many endless adventures rapelling bridges, crawling through caves, and climbing trees in the interests of science. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude and appreciation to my parents, David and Christine Korecki, for their love, many prayers, and support as I study God’s creation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE.......................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................. 4 Specimen Preparation and Observation............................................. 4 Borrowed Material............................................................................. 4 Material Examined............................................................................. 5 Scanning Electron Microscopy.......................................................... 5 Embedding and Sectioning ................................................................ 6 Principal Component Analysis .......................................................... 7 Species Concept................................................................................. 7 3. MORPHOLOGY ..................................................................................... 8 Head................................................................................................... 8 Thorax................................................................................................ 12 Abdomen............................................................................................ 14 Phallic Apparatus............................................................................... 17 4. Hydropsyche scalaris GROUP ................................................................ 29 Hydropsyche aerata Ross .................................................................. 29 Hydropsyche alabama Lago and Harris ............................................ 31 Hydropsyche arinale Ross ................................................................. 33 Hydropsyche auricolor Ulmer ........................................................... 36 Hydropsyche bassi Flint, Voshell, and Parker................................... 38 Hydropsyche brunneipennis Flint and Butler .................................... 40 viii Table of contents (Continued) Page Hydropsyche californica Banks......................................................... 42 Hydropsyche catawba Ross ............................................................... 44 Hydropsyche delrio Ross ................................................................... 46 Hydropsyche demora Ross ................................................................ 47 Hydropsyche dicantha Ross............................................................... 49 Hydropsyche fattigi Ross ................................................................... 53 Hydropsyche franclemonti Flint .......................................................
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