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Home , Tapetum lucidum

Part I: The

Part II: Eye Dissection EYE

The eye is an extension of the brain It helps us take in information from our surroundings. Eye brain proximity

• Can you see :

• the optic nerve bundle?

• Spinal cord? What are the parts of the eye? Cornea- transparent membrane that covers and . Focuses light on the . Pupil, Iris,

Pupil- hole passes different amounts of light Iris- colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil Sclera- “” of the eye that forms outer covering Aqueous Humor, ,

Aqueous Humor- nutritious fluid between the iris and the cornea. As we age, it breaks down and we begin to see “floaters”

Ciliary Muscles- produces aqueous humor and controls lens shape

Lens- Bends light rays to the back of the eye to retina.

Retina is to receive light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition. Aqueous Humor, Ciliary Muscle, Lens Retina

Blind Spot- site of optic nerve • Full of light receptors connection which are sensitive to: • Cones- Colour • Rods- Light levels • Massive blood supply is also needed Vitreous Humor, Blind Spot, Optic Nerve,

Vitreous Humor- transparent jelly-like fluid that fills the eye and refracts light

Optic Nerve- sends messages picked up by retina to the brain

Blind Spot- area where optic nerve attaches. No retina is located there so information cannot be picked up; “Blind” Layer, Tapetum lucidum

Choroid Layer- lies between the sclera and the retina it provides the blood supply to the eye.

Tapetum lucidum- iridescent film under the retina that provides animals with “” Cross Sclera section Choroid Layer You must know: Taptem lucidum 1. Lens 2. Cornea 3. Aqueous humor 4. Pupil Blind 5. Iris Spot 6. Ciliary Muscle 7. Sclera 8. Vitreous Humor 9. Retina 10. Blind Spot 11. Choroid Layer Ciliary 12. Optic Nerve 13. Tapetum Lucidum Eye Dissection

• Before we go over the dissection, let’s review the parts of the eye and their function

TIME TO BEGIN THE SHEEP EYE DISSECTION!!! Cut away fat using scissors Anterior External Eye Structure Posterior External Eye Structures

• Select a place to make an incision of the sclera midway between the cornea and optic nerve. Use the point of a surgical scissors to make a small cut through the sclera. Fluid should ooze out of the eyeball when you have cut deeply enough.

• Arrange the two hemispheres of the eye as you see in the . • Observe the semi-fluid vitreous humor that fills the central cavity of the eye. It is transparent in the living eye but might be cloudy in the preserved specimen • The retina lines the the posterior cavity of the eye and extends forward to the . Use your probe to lift and pull the retina back from the underlying choroid layer. • Notice that the retina is only firmly attached to the choroid at one place. This region is the or blind spot. Internal Eye Structure – Posterior Section

Internal Eye Structures – Anterior Section Remove the lens and place against newspaper to see that it is a magnifier! • When the lens is removed, an opening, allowing light to enter the eye is seen. This opening, the pupil is located in the center of the iris. Note the oblong shape of the sheep pupil, in humans the pupil is circular. • The back side of the iris can be seen just above the pointer in the photograph.

Can you identify the parts? You will need to so you can get credit during the lab Can you identify the parts? You will need to so you can get credit during the lab 1. Cornea 2. Sclera 3. Optic Nerve 4. Iris 5. Pupil 6. (you do not have to know this structure!) 7. Ciliary Body 8. Choroid 9. Tapetum Lucidum 10. Retina 11. Lens 12. Vitreous Humor