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Geophysical Abstracts 183 October-December 1960

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Geophysical Abstracts 183 October-December 1960 I Geophysical Abstracts 183 October-December 1960 ly ]A.:\IES W. CLARKE, DOROTHY B. VITALIANO, VIRGINIA S. NEUSCHEL, and others ; E 0 L 0 G f C A L S U R V E Y B U I, L E T I r\ 1 1 1 6 - D 1 bstracts of current literature ertaining to the physics of ~e solid earth and to eophysical exploration fiTED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1961 uNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing, Office, Washin~ton 25, D.C. Price 40 cents (single copy). Subscription price: $1.75 a year; 50 cents additional for foreign mailin1.1. Use of funds for printin~ this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Bud~et (June 23, 1960). CONTENTS Page Introduction --------------------------------------------------- 457 Extent of coverage------------------------------------------ 457 List of journals -------------------------------------------- 457 Form of citation-~------------------------------------------ 457 Abstracters------------------------------------------------ 458 Age determinations -------------------------------------------- 458 Cosmogony---------------------------------------------------- 472 Earthcurrents ------------------------------------------------ 485 Earthquakes and earthquake waves------------------------------- 486 Earth tides and related phenomena------------------------------- 508 Elasticity ----------------------------------------------------- 510 Electrical exploration ------------------------------------------ 521 Electrical logging---------------------------------------------- 530 Electrical properties ------------------------------------------- 535 Exploration summaries and statistics ---------------------------- 536 General------------------------------------------------------- 540 Geodesy ------------------------------------------------------ 545 Geotectonics -------------------------------------------------- 547 Glaciers ------------------------------------------------------ 557 Gravity ------------------------------------------------------- 558 Heat and heat flow --------------------------------------------- 567 Internal constitution of the earth--------------------------------- 569 Isotope geology ------------------------------------------------ 572 Magnetic field of the earth -------------------------------------- 575 Magnetic properties and paleomagnetism ------------------------- 585 Magnetic surveys ---------------------------------------------- 590 Microseisms -------------------------------------------------- 600 Radioactivity -----------'---------------------------------------- 601 Radioactivity surveying and logging ------------------------------ 605 Seismic exploration -------------------------------------------- 610 Strength and plasticity------------------------------------------ 621 Submarine geology --------------------------------------------- 622 Volcanology --------------------------------------------------- 624 Index --------------------------------------------------------- 629 III GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 183, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1960 By James W. Clarke, Dorothy B. Vitaliano, Virginia S. Neuschel, and others INTRODUCTION Extent of Coverage Geophysical Abstracts includes abstracts of technical papers and books on the physics of the solid earth, the application of physical methods and tech­ niques to geologic problems, and geophysical exploration. The table of con­ tents, which is alphabetically arranged, shows the material covered. Abstracts are prepared only of material that is believed to be generally a­ vailable. Ordinarily abstracts are not published of material with limited cir­ culations (such as dissertations, open-file reports, or memorandums) or of other papers presented orally at meetings. Abstracts of papers in Japanese and Chinese are based on abstracts or summaries in a western language ac­ companying the paper. List of Journals Lists of journals published in Geophysical Abstracts 160 (January-March 1955, Bulletin 1033-A) and subsequent issues through 175 (October-December 1958, Bulletin 1086-D) have been compiled into a single list, which may be obtained by writing to the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. Supplements to this master list have been published in each issue since Geophysical Abstracts 175. The following is an additional supplement that lists references cited in Geophysical Abstracts 183 that have not been listed previously. Acad. Sci. Poland Rev. -The Review of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Pol­ ish Academy of Sciences Press (Ossolineum). Warsaw, Poland. Eng. Inst. Canada Trans. -Transactions of the Engineering Institute of Canada. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Geol. Landesamt Baden-Wii.rttemberg Abh. -Abhandlungen des Geologischen Landesamtes in Baden-Wiirttemburg [Transactions of the Geological Survey of Baden-Wtirttemburg]. Freiburg, German Federal Republic. Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Survey Prog. Rept. -Indiana Department of Conservation, Geological Survey, Report of Progress. Bloomington, Indiana. Jour. Chern. Physics-Journal of Chemical Physics. American Institute of Physics. New York, New York. Oceanog. Works in Japan Rec. -Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan. Science Council of Japan. Tokyo, Japan. Precambrian-Precambrian. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Sci. Papers [Tokyo]-Scientific Papers of the Institute of Physical and Chem­ ical Research. Tokyo, Japan. Utah Univ. Eng. Expt. Sta. Bull. -University of Utah, Engineering Experi­ mental Station Bulletin. Salt Lake City, Utah. Form of Citation The abbreviations of journal titles used are those used in the U. S. Geo­ logical Survey publications and in many geological journals. For papers in most languages other than English, the title is given in the original language 457 458 GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 183, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1960 as well as in translation. Slavic names and titles have been transliterated by the system used by the United States Board of Geographic Names. This sys­ tem of transliteration for Russian is given in Geophysical Abstracts 148 (Jan­ uary-March1952, Bulletin 991-A)and inthe new "List of Journals" announced above. Titles of papers in Japanese and Chinese are given in translation only. Abstracters Abstracts in this issue have been prepared by Wanda L. Grimes, A. J. Shneiderov, and A. B. Tanner, as well as by the principal authors. Authors' abstracts are used in many instances. The initials of an abstracter following the notation "Author's abstract" indicates a translation from the original lan­ guage. AGE DETERMINATIONS 183-1. Folinsbee, R. E., Baadsgaard, H., and Lipson, J[oseph I.]. Po­ tassium-argon time scale: Internat. Geol. Cong., 21st, Copen­ hagen 1960, Proc., pt. 3, p. 7-17, 1960. Minerals of known biostatigraphic age have been dated by the potassium­ argon method for certain key points on the paleontological time scale. Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) sanidine is 66X106 yr old, and mica from th€ same horizon is 75-79X1o6 yr old. Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) biotites are 68-82X1o6 yr old. Middle Cretaceous (Lower Cenomanian) sanidine is 94X1o6 yr old, but Middle Cretaceous (Albian) biotite is 114-119X1o6 yr old, suggesting argon loss from the sanidine. Potassium-argon ages for Cre­ taceous and Jurassic glauconites are variable, usually younger than correla­ tive mica and feldspar ages. Sanidine from a bentonite that marks the De­ vonian-Mississippian contact gives ages of 242Xlo6 and 250X106 yr. A Lower Cambrian glauconite gives ages of only 395-413X1o6 yr, suggesting argon loss. These results do not allow any major revision of the Holmes time scale.- D. B. V. 183-2. Kulp, J. L[aurence]. The geological time scale: Internat. Geol. Cong., 21st, Copenhagen 1960, Proc. pt. 3, p. 18-27, 1960. New isotopic age determinations on rocks with reasonably well defined stratigraphic position permit a refinement of the time scale from Cambrian to Recent. Key points in the scale are tabulated and discussed in the light of potassium-argon, rubidium-strontium, and uranium (thorium)-lead measure­ ments. The problem of the age of the Swedish colm is also discussed. Pre­ cambrian age measurements are evaluated in terms of major orogenic cycles and concepts of continental growth and worldwide synchroneity of larger scale events. These considerations lead to a revised geologic time scale. The overall lengthening of the Holmes scale is no more than 15 percent, but there are ma­ jor changes for certain periods; the Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous periods are roughly doubled in length and the Ordovician is somewhat short­ ened. Orogenic events that have been called Caledonian range from Silurian well up into the Carboniferous. Little evidence of the Taconic orogeny is left. Metamorphic events in the Black Forest (Germany) and Cornwall (England) that have been called Hercynian are separated by at least 60 million years.­ D.B.V. 183-3. Quennell, A. M., and Haldemann, E. G. On the subdivision of the Precambrian: Internat. Geol. Cong., 21st, Copenhagen 1960, Proc., pt. 9, p. 170-178, 1960. AGE DETERMINATIONS 459 Extension of the classical geologic time-scale and stratigraphic column into the Precambrian is open to criticism. Neither the period nor the system can have counterparts because major marine transgressions can rarely be recog­ nized; there is no biostratigraphic column; and orders of magnitude, with re­ gard to time range, are very different. It has been suggested that Precambrian stratigraphy should be based on rec­ ognition
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