Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Final Draft Report

Reference: RQQ-2014-C1-092

Prepared for:

Metrolinx 20 Bay Street, 6th Floor Toronto ON M5J 2W3

Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Ltd. 300W-675 Cochrane Drive Markham ON L3R 0B8

File: 165011004 July 31, 2020 This page intentionally left blank Sign-off Sheet

Re: Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area (the “Project”); Ontario Infrastructure and Lands Corporation (“Infrastructure Ontario”) RFP No. OIPC-09-●-IO● (the “RFP”) – Reliance on Reports

This document entitled Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area was prepared by Stantec Consulting Ltd. (“Stantec”) for the account of Metrolinx (the “Client”). Any reliance on this document by any third party is strictly prohibited. The material in it reflects Stantec’s professional judgment in light of the scope, schedule and other limitations stated in the document and in the contract between Stantec and the Client. The opinions in the document are based on conditions and information existing at the time the document was published and do not take into account any subsequent changes. In preparing the document, Stantec did not verify information supplied to it by others. Any use which a third party makes of this document is the responsibility of such third party. Such third party agrees that Stantec shall not be responsible for costs or damages of any kind, if any, suffered by it or any other third party as a result of decisions made or actions taken based on this document.

Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on reliance, Stantec will consent to reliance on this report by the proponent who is ultimately successful under the above-referenced RFP (the “Preferred Proponent”), its successors and permitted assigns, and the Preferred Proponent’s lenders and/or lenders’ agent as listed in the Preferred Proponent’s submission documents for the RFP (the “Preferred Proponent’s Lenders and Agent”, as applicable), but such reliance will only be granted pursuant to the terms of the reliance letter template that has been negotiated between Stantec and Metrolinx in connection with this Project, including Schedules “A” and “B” to the reliance letter template which are incorporated therein by reference.

Prepared by (signature) Janice Ball, B.Sc. Terrestrial Ecologist

Reviewed by (signature) Dan Eusebi, BES, MCIP, RPP Senior Environmental Planner

Approved by (signature) Alex Blasko, B.Sc. Project Manager This page intentionally left blank Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Executive Summary

Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by Metrolinx to complete a Natural Environment Technical Report for the Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project (the Project) in the City of Toronto and City of Markham/Regional Municipality of York (York Region), Ontario. This report addresses the Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area, near the intersection of William Kitchen Road, in the City of Toronto. Potential environmental effects of the Project are being assessed to meet the requirements of the Transit Project Assessment Process, in accordance with Ontario Regulation 231/08: Transit Projects and Metrolinx Undertakings and with the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act.

The objectives of this report are to characterize the terrestrial and aquatic environments and terrestrial and aquatic Species at Risk (SAR) within the Site Investigation Area, provide background information regarding natural environment features, document standard mitigation measures and site-specific environmental management options, and to identify requirements for SAR approvals. The report also identifies avoidance and mitigation strategies that will reduce potential impacts to the natural environment in the Site Investigation Area.

A desktop screening was conducted to confirm and update aquatic and terrestrial information, including potential SAR and rare species, designated natural areas (i.e., Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI), Provincially Significant Wetlands (PSW), and Environmentally Significant Areas) and other relevant natural heritage data.

Terrestrial site investigations were completed on May 3, May 6 and June 7, 2019 and on April 28, 2020. An aquatic habitat assessment was conducted on August 16, 2019.

During detailed design, it is recommended that consultation with the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) be carried out to address suitable habitat for species that are protected by the Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA 2007) and may be present within the Project Footprint, including bridges for Barn Swallow nesting.

Fish habitat was identified in West Highland Creek. Fisheries and Ocean Canada (DFO) will review the Project to identify the potential risks to the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat, and will work with the proponent to provide advice and guidance on how to comply with the Fisheries Act. If the Project can avoid impacts to fish and fish habitat, project approval is not required. If impacts cannot be avoided, proponents must apply for a Fisheries Act Authorization.

i Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

In general, given the highly urbanized nature of the Site Investigation Area, it is anticipated that appropriate mitigation measures can be implemented so that impacts to the natural environment will be limited.

ii Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... i

Abbreviations ...... vii

1.0 Introduction ...... 1.1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1.1 1.2 Purpose of the Report ...... 1.3 1.3 Site Investigation Area ...... 1.3

2.0 Policy and Regulatory Overview ...... 2.1 2.1 Federal Context ...... 2.1 2.1.1 Species at Risk Act ...... 2.1 2.1.2 Migratory Birds Convention Act ...... 2.1 2.1.3 Fisheries Act ...... 2.1 2.2 Provincial Context ...... 2.2 2.2.1 Planning Act ...... 2.2 2.2.2 Endangered Species Act ...... 2.2 2.2.3 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act ...... 2.3 2.2.4 Conservation Authorities Act ...... 2.3

3.0 Site Investigation Methods ...... 3.1 3.1 Background Review and Agency Consultation ...... 3.1 3.1.1 Species at Risk ...... 3.2 3.1.2 Species of Conservation Concern ...... 3.2 3.2 Field Data Collection ...... 3.3 3.2.1 Vegetation Communities and Botanical Inventory ...... 3.3 3.2.2 Breeding Bird Survey ...... 3.4 3.2.3 Amphibian Survey ...... 3.4 3.2.4 Bat Habitat Assessment ...... 3.5 3.2.5 Wildlife Habitat Assessment ...... 3.6 3.2.6 Significant Species Assessment ...... 3.6 3.2.7 Incidental Wildlife Observations ...... 3.6 3.2.8 Fish Habitat Assessment ...... 3.7

4.0 Existing Conditions ...... 4.1 4.1 Background Data ...... 4.1 4.1.1 Physiography ...... 4.1 4.1.2 Landscape Ecology ...... 4.1 4.1.3 Designated Natural Areas ...... 4.2 4.1.4 Terrestrial Species at Risk and Provincially Rare Species ...... 4.2 4.1.5 Fish and Fish Habitat ...... 4.3 4.2 Field Investigation Results ...... 4.5 4.2.1 Vegetation Communities and Flora ...... 4.5

iii Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

4.2.2 Breeding Birds ...... 4.6 4.2.3 Amphibians ...... 4.6 4.2.4 Bat Habitat ...... 4.6 4.2.5 Wildlife Habitat ...... 4.7 4.2.6 Incidental Wildlife ...... 4.12 4.2.7 Fish Habitat ...... 4.12 4.3 Natural Heritage Features Summary ...... 4.13

5.0 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations ...... 5.1 5.1 Vegetation ...... 5.1 5.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat ...... 5.2 5.3 Fish and Fish Habitat ...... 5.3 5.4 Mitigation Recommendations for Vegetation, Wildlife and Fish ...... 5.3 5.5 Standard Measures for Sedimentation and Spills ...... 5.9

6.0 Permits and Approvals ...... 6.1 6.1 Federal ...... 6.1 6.2 Provincial ...... 6.1 6.2.1 Conservation Authority Permits ...... 6.1 6.3 Municipal ...... 6.1

7.0 Conclusions ...... 7.1 7.1 Designated Natural Areas ...... 7.1 7.2 Vegetation ...... 7.1 7.3 Wildlife ...... 7.1 7.4 Fish and Fish Habitat ...... 7.2

8.0 References ...... 8.1

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: GO Transit Networks ...... 1.1

List of Tables

Table 3.1: Field Investigation Summary ...... 3.3 Table 4.1: Background Review of SAR and Provincially Rare Species ...... 4.2 Table 4.2: Summary of Vegetation Communities...... 4.5 Table 4.3: Significant Wildlife Habitat Assessment ...... 4.7 Table 5.1: Permanent Vegetation Loss by ELC Vegetation Community ...... 5.1 Table 5.2: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring ...... 5.5

iv Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

List of Appendices

Appendix A Figures Figure 1: Location of Study Area Figure 2: Detail of Study Area - Progress Avenue Figure 3: Environmental Features Progress Avenue Figure 4: Ecological Land Classification - Progress Avenue

Appendix B MNRF Correspondence

Appendix C Wildlife List Atlases

Appendix D Plant List

Appendix E Wildlife List Field

Appendix F Habitat Suitability Assessment for Significant Species Identified in Background Review

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Abbreviations

ANSI Area(s) of Natural and Scientific Interest

CAA 1990 Conservation Authorities Act, 1990

COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

COSSARO Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario

DBH Diameter at Breast Height

DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans

ECCC Environment and Climate Change Canada e.g. exempli gratia (Latin term meaning, “for example”)

ELC Ecological Land Classification

END Endangered

ESA 2007 Endangered Species Act, 2007

ESC Erosion and Sediment Control

FWCA 1997 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997

GGH Greater Golden Horseshoe

GPS Global Positioning System

HADD harmful alteration, disruption or destruction i.e. id est (Latin term meaning, “that is”)

I.S.A. International Society of Arboriculture

IVM Integrated Vegetation Management

LIO Land Information Ontario

MBCA 1994 Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994

vii Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

MECP Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks

MMAH Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing

MMP Marsh Monitoring Program

MNRF Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry

MTO Ministry of Transportation

NHIC Natural Heritage Information Centre

NHRM Natural Heritage Reference Manual

O. Reg. Ontario Regulation

PPS Provincial Policy Statement

PSW Provincially Significant Wetlands

ROW right-of-ways

SAR Species at Risk

SARA 2002 Species at Risk Act, 2002

SARO Species at Risk in Ontario

SC Special Concern

SCS Site Condition Standards

SOCC Species of Conservation Concern

SWH Significant Wildlife Habitat

SWHMST Significant Wildlife Habitat Mitigation Support Tool

SWHTG The Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide

THR Threatened

TPZ Tree Protection Zone

TRCA Toronto and Region Conservation Authority

viii Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Introduction July 31, 2020

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Description

Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by Metrolinx, an agency of the Province of Ontario, to complete a Natural Environment Technical Report for the Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project (the Project) located in the City of Toronto and City of Markham, Regional Municipality of York, Ontario.

Metrolinx is undertaking GO Expansion, a Program that will transform GO Rail into a comprehensive regional rapid transit network that will provide faster and more frequent two way, all day service to core parts of the rail network (refer to Figure 1.1 for the GO Transit Network). Metrolinx completed a full business case for GO Expansion illustrating its benefits and costs, and core requirements to successfully implement the Program (Metrolinx 2018). The long-term goal and vision of the GO Expansion Program is to provide 15-minute two-way all-day service along the Lakeshore East and Stouffville Rail Corridors. Infrastructure modifications are being planned to support the introduction of additional trains on the Stouffville and Lakeshore East Rail Corridors which will enhance on time performance and operational flexibility/reliability.

Figure 1.1: GO Transit Networks

The Stouffville Rail Corridor generally runs in a north-south direction from Lincolnville GO Station, in the Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville, to Scarborough Junction, located just northeast of the Scarborough GO Station, in the City of Toronto (Appendix A, Figure 1). From Scarborough Junction, service continues to Union Station along the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor.

1.1 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Introduction July 31, 2020

The Project includes seven proposed grade separations at existing at-grade road-rail crossings along the Stouffville Rail Corridor and the following roadways (listed according to the municipality responsible for the roadway):

• City of Markham

− Denison Street (Mile 51.981)

• Regional Municipality of York

− Kennedy Road (Mile 52.40)

• City of Toronto

− Passmore Avenue (Mile 53.16)

− McNicoll Avenue (Mile 53.61)

− Huntingwood Drive (Mile 54.88)

− Havendale Road (Mile 55.16)

− Progress Avenue (Mile 56.72)

Metrolinx is conducting preliminary planning studies and developing conceptual design for the Project. Potential environmental effects of the Project are being assessed to meet the requirements of the Transit Project Assessment Process, in accordance with Ontario Regulation 231/08: Transit Projects and Metrolinx Undertakings and with the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act. This Natural Environment Technical Report considers the potential effects on the natural heritage features at the proposed Progress Avenue grade separation at the existing rail at-grade crossing along the Stouffville Rail Corridor. Natural Environment Technical Reports for the other grade separations associated with the Project are available under separate cover.

1 A mile marker indicates distance along the rail network. The Uxbridge Subdivision, which includes the Stouffville Rail Corridor, originates at Lincolnville, Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville, at Mile 39.00 and terminates at Scarborough Junction, City of Toronto, at Mile 61.03. Historically, the Uxbridge Subdivision originated in Lindsay at Mile 0.00.

1.2 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Introduction July 31, 2020

1.2 Purpose of the Report

This Natural Environment Technical Report provides supporting documentation for the Project, including characterization of the natural environment and Species at Risk (SAR) within the Site Investigation Area, as defined in Section 1.3.

The objectives of this report are to:

• Document Designated Areas including Environmentally Significant Areas and Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest, Provincially Significant Wetlands, landforms and other physical features

• Document existing terrestrial natural habitats, including riparian zones, valley and stream corridors, vegetation communities, fish habitat, SAR, SAR habitat and wildlife habitat

• Document the sensitivities of vegetation communities, including an assessment of candidate significant wildlife habitat and habitat suitability for potential SAR and provincially significant species

• Identify potential impacts on the natural environment and SAR as well as compensation, monitoring and permitting requirements

• Document standard mitigation measures and site-specific environmental management options

• Identify requirements for SAR authorizations

1.3 Site Investigation Area

A Site Investigation Area has been identified based on the footprint of the Preferred Plan. The Project includes the following areas of focus: the Project Footprint and the Site Investigation Area. The broader Local Study Area was considered with regard to general existing conditions. The Site Investigation Area and Project Footprint for the Project are provided on Figure 2, Appendix A. The Local Study Area is shown on Figure 3, Appendix A.

The Project Footprint includes the total area potentially affected by the extent of proposed physical works, and includes, but is not limited to, roadway detours, temporary laydown areas, retaining walls, road overpass structure, property acquisition areas, and temporary easements.

1.3 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Introduction July 31, 2020

The Site Investigation Area includes a 120 metre (m) area of review to assess potential detrimental impacts (NHRM, MNR 2010) around the edge of the Project Footprint, and was established for field investigations to conservatively characterize the area with the highest potential for direct or indirect impacts.

The Local Study Area encompasses the Site Investigation Area for the Progress Avenue site and is generally one kilometre (km) from the edge of the Project Footprint to conservatively capture the extent of existing and future effects and relevant regulatory requirements. This area is used to illustrate the existing conditions in the local area from a contextual perspective (Figure 3, Appendix A).

1.4 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Policy and Regulatory Overview July 31, 2020

2.0 Policy and Regulatory Overview

An assessment of the natural heritage features and functions within the Site Investigation Area was undertaken to comply with the requirements of the following legislation, policy and guideline documents discussed below.

2.1 Federal Context

2.1.1 Species at Risk Act

Federally protected Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern species are identified in Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act, 2002 (SARA 2002). SARA 2002 applies to federally owned lands, with the exception of fish species that are covered by the Fisheries Act and migratory birds (i.e., species covered under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA 1994)), which are afforded protection on all lands. This report will address migratory birds that are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act.

2.1.2 Migratory Birds Convention Act

The Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA 1994) prohibits the killing or capturing of migratory birds, as well as any damage, destruction, removal or disturbance of active nests. The main tool used to avoid contravention of this Act is to restrict vegetation removal during the potential nesting period, generally April 1 through August 31. Should vegetation removal during this timeframe be unavoidable, a nest search of the area that is scheduled for vegetation clearing or removal will be undertaken by qualified avian biologists to determine that no active nests covered by the MBCA 1994 are destroyed. Additional mitigation measures to protect migratory birds may be required, including consultation with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).

2.1.3 Fisheries Act

On August 28, 2019, new fish and fish habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act came into force. Proponents are responsible for planning and implementing works, undertakings or activities in a manner that avoids harmful impacts, specifically the death of fish and the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction (HADD) of fish habitat.

In cases where impacts to fish and fish habitat cannot be avoided (following guidance and criteria provided on DFO’s website regarding mitigation, waterbody types and codes of practice) proponents submit a request for review form to DFO. DFO will review the project to identify the potential risks of the project to the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat and will work with the proponent to provide advice and guidance

2.1 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Policy and Regulatory Overview July 31, 2020 on how to comply with the Fisheries Act. If the project can avoid impacts to fish and fish habitat, project approval is not required. If impacts cannot be avoided, proponents must apply for a Fisheries Act Authorization.

2.2 Provincial Context

2.2.1 Planning Act

Although the Project does not fall under the jurisdiction of the Planning Act (1990), the terms and categories of the following technical documents are used to describe natural heritage features and identify significance and sensitivity of existing features:

• The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) (Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH) 2014)

• The Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide (SWHTG) (MNR, 2000) and Ecoregion Criteria Schedule for 7E (MNRF 2015a)

• The Natural Heritage Reference Manual for Natural Heritage Policies of the PPS (NHRM) (MNR 2010)

• The Significant Wildlife Habitat Mitigation Support Tool (SWHMST) (MNR 2014)

In the absence of structured technical guidelines for the assessment of natural heritage features, these documents provide clarity to the terminology and standards used in the field.

2.2.2 Endangered Species Act

The Ontario Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA 2007) protects habitat and individuals of wildlife species designated as Threatened, Endangered, or extirpated in Ontario. Provincial SAR are identified and assessed by the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO).

The ESA 2007 protects species listed as Threatened, Endangered, or extirpated on the SAR in Ontario list by prohibiting anyone from killing, harming, harassing or possessing protected species. The ESA 2007 also prohibits damage or destruction to the habitat of the listed species. All listed species are provided with general habitat protection under the ESA 2007, which is aimed at protecting areas that species depend on to carry out their life processes, such as reproduction, rearing, hibernation, migration or feeding. Some species have detailed habitat regulations that go beyond the general habitat protection to define specifically the extent and character of protected habitats.

2.2 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Policy and Regulatory Overview July 31, 2020

Activities that may impact a protected species or its habitat may require an Overall Benefit Permit from the MECP, unless the activities are exempted under Regulation. The current Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 242/08 identifies activities that are exempt from the permitting requirements of the Act subject to rigorous controls outside the permit process, including registration of the activity and preparation of mitigation. Activities not exempt under O. Reg. 242/08 require a complete permit application process.

The ESA 2007 applies on all private and Crown lands in Ontario. Habitat protection under the ESA 2007 is typically comprehensive, including all habitats that directly or indirectly support SAR.

2.2.3 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act

The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 (FWCA 1997) provides protection for fish and wild animals in Ontario. The FWCA 1997 prohibits the capture, killing, and harassments of specially protected wildlife, and regulates the hunting season and limits of some species that area not protected. Specially protected animals include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates that are listed in the Schedules of the FWCA 1997.

The FWCA 1997 also prohibits the taking or possession of eggs and nests of including species nests of wild birds, including birds that are not protected by the MBCA 1994, such as raptors, and intentional damage or destruction of a den or dwelling of some mammals and beaver dams without a licence. Approval and application for licences is obtained prior to construction post project approval.

2.2.4 Conservation Authorities Act

The Site Investigation Area is located within the jurisdiction of the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). Pursuant to O. Reg. 166/06 (Development, Interference with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses), prior permission is required from the TRCA for any development within a floodplain, valleyland, wetland, or other hazardous land. Permission is also required from the TRCA for any alteration to a river, creek, stream or watercourse or any interference with the hydrological function of a wetland. Generally, any development, interference or other alteration that may negatively impact the control of flooding, erosion, dynamic beaches, pollution or the conservation of land are not permitted.

2.3 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Policy and Regulatory Overview July 31, 2020

Further to Section 28(10) of the Conservation Authorities Act, 1990 (CAA 1990), a Conservation Authority must ensure that its Regulation and policies do not interfere with the rights or powers of any board or commission that is performing its functions for or on behalf of the Government of Ontario, which includes Metrolinx. Further, the CAA 1990 does not specifically bind the Crown, meaning that Metrolinx is not legally required to obtain permission under the CAA 1990. This is supported by the TRCA (2016) Administrative Fee Schedule for Environmental Assessment and Infrastructure Permitting Implementation Guidelines. However, Metrolinx policy is to adhere to the general intent of the relevant permits, approvals, and requirements of the TRCA for the protection of the natural environment. Where possible, mitigation and monitoring plans will be developed to meet TRCA’s general requirements, to be confirmed through feedback provided by the TRCA as appropriate.

2.4 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Site Investigation Methods July 31, 2020

3.0 Site Investigation Methods

3.1 Background Review and Agency Consultation

A desktop screening was conducted to confirm and update aquatic and terrestrial information, including potential SAR and rare species, designated natural areas (i.e., Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI), Provincially Significant Wetlands (PSW), and Environmentally Significant Areas), other relevant natural heritage data within the Site Investigation Area and from secondary sources (as available, including existing Lakeshore East Expansion Project, Network Electrification Project, Stouffville Corridor Expansion Project and Danforth Road Grade Separation Project reports), and the City of Toronto Official Plan. This review was completed through aerial photo interpretation and a review of relevant federal and provincial databases as follows:

• MNRF’s Land Information Ontario (LIO) database (MNRF 2019a)

• MNRF’s Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) database (MNRF 2019b)

• Species at Risk in Ontario List (MNRF 2019c)

• Ontario Nature’s Reptile and Amphibian Atlas (Ontario Nature 2018)

• Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario (Cadman et al. 2007)

• Online eBird database (eBird 2018)

• Fisheries and Oceans Canada Species at Risk Mapping (DFO 2019)

• Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Open Data Portal (TRCA 2019)

• Ontario Butterfly Atlas (Toronto Entomologists’ Association 2018)

• Ontario Mammal Atlas (Dobbyn 1994)

An information request was submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) on January 15, 2019 to confirm the results of the background review and request additional natural heritage information, if available (Appendix B).

The results of the background review were used to guide field investigations, and to identify potential SAR and Species of Conservation Concern (SOCC) that have the potential to overlap with the Site Investigation Area. The species databases generally do not note the exact locations of a species occurrence, with accuracy ranging from

3.1 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Site Investigation Methods July 31, 2020

1 km² (NHIC) to 10 km² (wildlife atlases), to municipal boundaries or watersheds. As such they are used as an indicator of potential occurrence in the Site Investigation Area. SAR and SOCC are defined in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 below.

3.1.1 Species at Risk

For the purpose of this assessment, SAR are species classified as Threatened (THR) or Endangered (END) by the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO). The Ontario ESA 2007 prohibits harm or harassment to threatened or endangered species, and damage or disturbance to their habitat. The ESA 2007 applies on all private and Crown owned lands in Ontario. Habitat protection under the ESA 2007 typically includes all habitats that directly or indirectly support SAR.

Federally protected endangered, threatened, and special concern species are classified by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and listed in Schedule 1 of the SARA 2002 and apply only to federally owned lands. For this report, species listed on Schedule 1 are only included as SAR if they are also listed as Threatened or Endangered by COSSARO. Otherwise, they are considered as SOCC as described below.

3.1.2 Species of Conservation Concern

SOCC are considered at a number of levels, including globally, nationally, and provincially. For this report, SOCC includes species that are provincially rare (with a Provincial S-rank of S1 to S3), listed as Special Concern (SC) on the Species at Risk in Ontario list (SARO), or listed on Schedule 1 of SARA 2002 but not included on the SARO list.

Provincial ranks (Sub-national S-ranks) are used by the NHIC to set protection priorities for rare species and vegetation communities. They are based on the number of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends and threats in Ontario and are not legal designations. By comparing the global and provincial ranks, the status, rarity, and the urgency of conservation needs can be determined. Species with provincial ranks of S1 to S3, and those tracked by the MNRF, are considered SOCC. Provincial S-ranks are defined as follows:

S1: Critically imperiled; usually fewer than 5 occurrences S2: Imperiled; usually fewer than 20 occurrences S3: Vulnerable; usually fewer than 100 occurrences S4: Apparently secure; uncommon but not rare, usually more than 100 occurrences S5: Secure, common, widespread and abundant

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Site Investigation Methods July 31, 2020

S-rank followed by a “?” indicates the rank is still uncertain

3.2 Field Data Collection

Field Investigations were conducted by qualified Stantec ecologists for the Site Investigation Area. The Site Investigation Area is outlined on Figure 2, Appendix A. Terrestrial natural heritage features examined included vegetation communities, vegetation species, breeding birds, candidate significant wildlife habitat including potential bat roost locations, and potential SAR habitat. Incidental wildlife observations were also recorded during field investigations. Table 3.1 below provides a summary of the field investigations conducted.

Table 3.1: Field Investigation Summary

Surveys Types of Surveys Date Surveyors Vegetation Communities Ecological Land Classification June 7, 2019 J. Ball and Botanical Surveys and Botanical Inventory April 28, 2020 Wildlife Surveys Bat Maternity Roost Assessment May 3, 2019 N. Burnett April 28, 2020 J. Ball Wildlife Habitat Assessment June 7, 2019 J. Ball SAR Habitat Assessment June 7, 2019 J. Ball Breeding Bird Surveys June 7, 2019 J. Ball Amphibian Survey May 6, 2019 N. Burnett June 19, 2019 Incidental Wildlife Observations During all field visits All Staff Aquatic Surveys Aquatic Habitat Assessment August 16, 2019 S. Stuart

3.2.1 Vegetation Communities and Botanical Inventory

Ecological Land Classification (ELC) mapping was completed using the ELC field guide for Southern Ontario (Lee et al. 1998), including the 2008 updated catalogue. Vegetation communities were first identified on aerial imagery and then confirmed in the field. ELC surveys included documentation of flora species by natural vegetation community type. SAR and rare species were recorded by location using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS). Surveys were conducted during a suitable season to identify potential SAR and provincially rare species. One botanical survey was conducted in the Site Investigation Area given the highly modified environment with limited fragmented vegetation cover. Vegetation areas directly adjacent to the railroad tracks were not readily accessible in all areas but reviewed from distance. ELC data

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Site Investigation Methods July 31, 2020

were not collected for developed lands, manicured lawns, and gardens because these areas do not contain natural vegetation communities.

Scientific nomenclature of plant species generally followed Newmaster et al. (1998), with updates taken from published volumes of the Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993+, accessed 2012). Additional sources included Michigan Flora Online (Reznicek et al. 2011), and Brouillet et al. (2010+, accessed 2016). English colloquial names and scientific binomials of plant species generally followed Newmaster et al. (1998).

3.2.2 Breeding Bird Survey

A breeding bird survey was conducted by Stantec on June 7, 2019. This survey consisted of recording all species of birds that were seen or heard within the Site Investigation Area. The survey focused on recording bird species in natural vegetation communities within the Project Footprint, but also included commercial properties in the Site Investigation Area. Natural areas were surveyed from the roadside due to property access restrictions on private property. Surveys involved walking slowly adjacent to natural features on either side of Progress Avenue, recording all bird species seen or heard. The Progress Avenue bridge over West Highland Creek was surveyed for the presence of Barn Swallow nests and evidence of other MBCA 1994 protected birds.

A highest breeding evidence code was assigned to each of the species based on the field observation. All birds seen or heard in suitable habitat during the breeding season were assumed to be breeding in the Site Investigation Area.

The survey was conducted between 8:30 am and 9:10 am. Weather conditions (i.e., precipitation and visibility) were within the parameters required by monitoring programs such as Environment Canada’s Breeding Bird Survey (Environment Canada 2016). Locations of bird nests protected by the MCBA 1994 were identified with a hand- held GPS unit.

3.2.3 Amphibian Survey

Amphibian surveys were conducted by Stantec on May 6 and June 19, 2019 following guidance provided in the Marsh Monitoring Program (MMP) Manual (Bird Studies Canada and Environment Canada, 2008). The surveys were conducted at least one half hour after sunset in conditions with calm winds (Beaufort scale of 0-3) and no precipitation (although light rain, fog or damp conditions provide suitable conditions for surveying). Surveys met the night-time temperature requirement of >10°C.

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Site Investigation Methods July 31, 2020

The surveys were conducted from the Progress Avenue Bridge and targeted both upstream and downstream habitat. The upstream survey station also targeted the thicket swamp north of Progress Avenue. The survey stations consisted of a 100 m radius semicircle. The surveyor stood at the edge of the station and listened for three minutes for all calling toads and frogs within and outside of the survey station boundary. Call levels were described using values of 1, 2, or 3. Level 1 indicates that individuals can be counted, and calls are not simultaneous, Level 2 indicates that calls are distinguishable with some simultaneous calling and Level 3 indicates a full chorus where calls are continuous and overlapping.

3.2.4 Bat Habitat Assessment

Bat maternity colony surveys were conducted by Stantec in the Project Footprint on May 3, 2019 and April 28, 2020 during leaf-off. Surveys were conducted using binoculars from the roadside due to property access restrictions. The survey protocol followed the recommended methods in the MNRF Guelph District Bat and Bat Habitat Surveys of Treed Habitats (MNRF 2017) which was based in part on the Bat and Bat Habitat Guidelines (MNRF 2011). Although the protocol was developed for treed communities, Stantec took a conservative approach and also applied the protocol to isolated trees and hedgerows in the Site Investigation Area that are proposed for removal.

According to the MNRF Guelph District protocol, the best candidate trees for maternity colonies are likely to contain several characteristics (to be considered a potential treed roost habitat, not all habitat characteristics listed below needed to be present), which include:

• Height – where trees are tallest in the stand • Diameter – where trees have a large Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) • Loose/peeling bark – where trees have a large amount of peeling/loose bark • Cavity height – where cavity height is high on the tree (>10 m high) • Open canopy – located in an area of open canopy for accessibility in and out of tree • Decay – where the tree exhibits early stages of decay

Surveys focused on all trees that were >10 cm in DBH on the Subject Property.

The following data were also recorded for any trees over 10 cm DBH that had cavities or a large amount of peeling bark:

• GPS location • tree species • DBH

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• tree height • cavity height

3.2.5 Wildlife Habitat Assessment

Wildlife habitat assessments took place concurrently with vegetation surveys to identify potential significant wildlife habitat features. The wildlife habitat assessment was conducted according to the Significant Wildlife Habitat Technical Guide (SWHTG; MNR 2000), the Ecoregion Criteria Schedules (MNRF 2015) and the Natural Heritage Reference Manual (NHRM; MNR 2010). Significant Wildlife Habitat features documented during field studies were carried forward to the impact assessment. Locations of potential significant wildlife features were identified with hand-held GPS units.

3.2.6 Significant Species Assessment

Habitat assessments took place concurrently with vegetation surveys to identify suitable habitat for significant species, including SAR and provincially rare species. The assessment was based on a list of significant species that have the potential to occur in the Site Investigation Area obtained from the background review (Section 4.1.3 and Appendix C). The assessment included provincially SRank (S1-S3) which are those species considered provincially rare/unique or species locally rare (L1-L3) flora within the municipality, or highly sensitive plants of conservation concern (CC = 9-10) most susceptible to change.

Locations where field encounters of SAR and provincially rare species and/or their habitat were identified with hand-held GPS units.

Based on this assessment, the following species were carried forward to the Impact Assessment:

• SAR and provincially rare species documented during field studies • Suitable habitat for SAR and provincially rare species documented during field studies

3.2.7 Incidental Wildlife Observations

Incidental wildlife observations were recorded during all field investigations. All wildlife species identified by sight, sound or distinctive signs were recorded.

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3.2.8 Fish Habitat Assessment

An aquatic habitat assessment was conducted on August 16, 2019 to characterize fish habitat in the watercourse that crosses Progress Avenue within the Site Investigation Area. The habitat assessment was qualitative and documented habitat characteristics (e.g., in-water cover, substrate types, riparian and aquatic vegetation) in the watercourse within the Site Investigation Area. Habitat characteristics were documented using categories and criteria as per the Environmental Guide for Fish and Fish Habitat (MTO 2009).

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4.0 Existing Conditions

4.1 Background Data

4.1.1 Physiography

The Site Investigation Area is located in Ecoregion 7E-4 (Lake Erie-Lake Ontario Ecoregion). Ecoregion 7 is generally characterized as having a flat topography overlain by deep undulating deposits of ground moraine, underlain by Silurian and Devonian limestone bedrock (Crins et al. 2009). The landscape has been highly developed, with 78% of the Ecoregion having been converted to cropland and pasture, and 7% of the Ecoregion having been developed (Crins et al. 2009). Where natural covers remain, forest is the prevalent cover type, including dense deciduous forest (10.3%), sparse deciduous forest (1.0%), and mixed deciduous forest (0.8%, Crins et al. 2009). Ecoregion 7E is located within the Great Lakes Watershed, with many small aquifers in sand and gravel deposits throughout the region. However, most wetlands have been eliminated (Crins et al. 2009).

The Site Investigation Area is located within the South Slope Physiographic Region (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The South Slope covers an area of approximately 2400 km2 and is located along the southern slope of the Oak Ridges Moraine, with an average width of approximately 9 to 11 km, reaching from the Niagara Escarpment to the Trent River. In the Local Site Investigation Area, the slopes are generally smoothed, faintly drumlinized, and scored at intervals by valleys tributary to the Rouge, Don, and Humber River systems (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The South Slope contains a variety of soils, which in the Site Investigation Area are considered clayey, with shale present (Chapman and Putnam 1984).

4.1.2 Landscape Ecology

Although largely developed and urbanized in nature, the Local Site Investigation Area is located within the Deciduous Forest Region, D.1 – Niagara (Rowe 1972), also known as the Carolinian Life Zone, or simply the Carolinian Forest. The extreme southern tip of Ontario represents the maximum northern limit of Carolinian Forest. Forests in this region are dominated by broadleaved trees including sugar maple, American beech, basswood, red maple, red oak, white oak, and bur oak, butternut, bitternut hickory, rock elm, silver maple and blue beech. Species such as black cherry, black walnut, sycamore, swamp white oak, and shagbark hickory are also occasionally present. Species considered rare to the province, such as pignut hickory, tulip-tree, chinquapin oak, pin oak, black oak, black gum, blue ash, cucumber-tree, paw paw, Kentucky coffee-tree, red mulberry and sassafras are sporadically present. Needle-leaved trees

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such as hemlock, white pine, tamarack, eastern white cedar, eastern red cedar and black spruce may be found in isolated patches where soil conditions are favorable.

Based on aerial photography (First Base Solutions 2018), the Site Investigation Area is dominated by urban uses.

4.1.3 Designated Natural Areas

A review of Designated Natural Areas such as wetlands, Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) and Environmentally Sensitive Areas was conducted for the Greater Site Investigation Area. No Designated Natural Areas were identified in the Site Investigation Area during the background review (Figure 3, Appendix A).

4.1.4 Terrestrial Species at Risk and Provincially Rare Species

There were no recent records (within the past 30 years) of SAR or provincially rare species identified in the NHIC database during a search on November 22, 2018.

Based on the results of a wildlife atlas search conducted on November 22, 2018 (Appendix C) and a desktop habitat assessment prior to conducting field investigations, the following SAR species were identified as having the potential to reside in the Site Investigation Area:

Table 4.1: Background Review of SAR and Provincially Rare Species

Provincial SARO Type Species Status SARA List List (S-rank) Plant Butternut (Juglans cinerea) S3? END END Plant Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) S2 END END Insect Monarch (Danaus plexippus) S4B, S2N SC SC

Bird Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) S4B THR THR

Bird Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) S4B THR THR

Bird Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) S4B THR THR

Bird Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) S4B THR THR

Bird Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) S4B SC THR

Bird Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) S4B THR THR

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Provincial SARO Type Species Status SARA List List (S-rank) Bird Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) S4B SC SC

Bird Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) S4B SC SC

Mammal Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) S4 END END

Mammal Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) S3? END END Mammal Tri coloured Bat (Perimyotis subflavus) S3? END END

The species in Table 4.1 were presented to the MNRF in the information request submitted by Stantec on April 25, 2019 (Appendix B). A response from the MNRF received on June 3, 2019 indicated that the MNRF did not have any additional records of SAR for the Site Investigation Area (Appendix B). These species were further assessed during field investigations, and only species with potential suitable habitat were carried forward to the impact assessment. A habitat suitability assessment table is provided in Appendix F.

4.1.5 Fish and Fish Habitat

Highland Creek drains approximately 102 km2 of land within the City of Toronto with approximately 85% of the drainage area consisting of urban land uses. Highland Creek is divided into four branches including the Main Branch, Centennial Creek, the East Highland, and the West Highland (TRCA 1999). The Bendale Branch of West Highland Creek is located within the Site Investigation Area. The Bendale Branch has a permanent flow regime and warmwater thermal regime (MNRF 2019a).

Historically, Highland Creek supported 40 species of fish, with some studies (TRCA 1999) identifying 23 species, including four introduced species. The change in fish community is reflective of human impacts to the creek that have resulted in degraded conditions (TRCA 1999).

Background data obtained from the TRCA Open Data Portal indicates that Highland Creek supports the following fish species (TRCA 2019):

• Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) • Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) • Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) • Bluntnose Minnow (Pimephales notatus) • Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans)

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• Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) • Central Stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) • Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) • Common Shiner (Luxilus cornutus) • Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) • Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides) • Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) • Goldfish (Carassius auratus) • Lake Chub (Couesius plumbeus) • Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) • Mimic Shiner (Notropis volucellus) • Northern Redbelly Dace (Chrosomus eos) • Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) • Rainbow Darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) • Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) • Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) • Sand Shiner (Notropis stramineus) • Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) • Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) • White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) • Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

Most of the above species are known to inhabit small watercourses. Species such as Bluntnose Minnow, Creek Chub, Fathead Minnow, and Longnose Dace are likely to inhabit habitat found within the Site Investigation Area. Species such as Black Crappie, Chinook Salmon, Emerald Shiner and Rainbow Trout prefer large rivers and lakes (Scott and Crossman 1998; Holm et al. 2009), and are more likely to inhabit the lower reaches of Highland Creek rather than habitat within the Site Investigation Area.

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4.2 Field Investigation Results

4.2.1 Vegetation Communities and Flora

Three natural vegetation community types were identified in the Site Investigation Area on June 7, 2019, including a swamp thicket, a woodland and naturalized hedgerow. The swamp thicket was further delineated to ecosite during a field visit on April 28, 2020. Vegetation communities are summarized in Table 4.2 below, and mapped on Figure 4, Appendix A. Vegetation communities generally demonstrated a high degree of disturbance that is typical of urban environments, including a high proportion of non- native and invasive plant species. No rare or unique communities were documented.

No flora SAR, provincially (S1-S3) or locally rare (L1-L3) flora, or highly sensitive plant (CC = 9-10) species were documented during the botanical inventory. Sixteen (16) species of vascular plants were recorded within the Site Investigation Area, of which 9 (56%) were native. All of the native plants documented had a provincial rank of S5, indicating they are common and secure within Ontario. The list of flora documented during field investigation is located in Appendix D. Dog-strangling vine, a highly invasive species, was identified in the Site Investigation Area.

Table 4.2: Summary of Vegetation Communities

Type Code Description Dominant Species Terrestrial FODM7 Fresh-Moist Lowland Deciduous Manitoba maple, willow sp. Communities Forest FODM11 Naturalized Deciduous Manitoba maple, green ash, Hedgerow willow sp. Wetland SWTM3 Willow Mineral Deciduous Willow shrubs, Manitoba maple, Communities Thicket Swamp common buckthorn, Tartarian honeysuckle, reed canary grass

The Project Footprint area includes ornamental and streetscape trees that are found along roadways and parking lots. This includes significant trees identified by the City of Toronto at 11-31 Progress Avenue. These trees are maintained, relatively large and exist within an area that is largely lacking in canopy cover.

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4.2.2 Breeding Birds

A total of 10 bird species were observed during the breeding bird survey conducted by Stantec (Appendix E). Barn Swallow, a provincially and federally threatened species, was observed foraging over the swamp thicket and West Highland Creek. There were no Barn Swallow nests observed under the Progress Avenue Bridge; however, approximately 10 individuals were observed circling near a storage facility adjacent to the creek on the south side of Progress Avenue. This likely indicates the presence of Barn Swallow nests on the buildings or in close proximity to the buildings.

Other bird species observed in the Site Investigation Area were either provincially ranked as common and secure species in Ontario, or had no rank as they are not considered suitable targets for conservation activities. All species were presumed to be breeding in the Site Investigation Area, with the exception of Ring-billed Gull which was observed as a flyover. No bird nests were confirmed in the Site Investigation Area; however, nests of common urban adapted species are expected to occur.

4.2.3 Amphibians

Highland Creek within the Site Investigation Area provides limited, poor quality amphibian habitat. There were high flows observed in West Highland Creek during the surveys. High flows are not suitable for breeding amphibians, as their egg masses have the potential to be swept downstream. Slower flows occurred where sparse vegetation grew along the edge of the creek; however, there would still be a potential for disturbance to egg masses. The bottom of the creek in the survey location was lined with concrete, also making the survey location unsuitable for amphibians, as amphibians utilize soft substrate to evade predators. Despite poor conditions observed for breeding amphibians, during the May 6, 2019 survey one Spring Peeper and one American Toad were heard calling in the West Highland Creek upstream of the Progress Avenue Bridge and two Spring Peepers were heard downstream of the bridge. During the June 19, 2019 survey, two Green Frogs and one Northern Leopard Frog were heard calling upstream of Progress Avenue and one Green Frog was heard calling downstream.

4.2.4 Bat Habitat

No potential bat roost trees were observed in the Site Investigation Area during the bat roost assessment. The areas of the FODM7 and FODM11 communities that overlap with the Project Footprint were comprised of young, invasive Manitoba maple that were not suitable for roosting bats.

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4.2.5 Wildlife Habitat

The Site Investigation Area is highly urbanized, surrounded by residential, commercial and industrial/institutional land uses. Generally, the Site Investigation Area provides limited wildlife habitat, including narrow areas of old field and regenerating woody vegetation.

A candidate SWH assessment of the Site Investigation Area was conducted using guidance provided in the SWH Criteria Schedules for Ecoregion 7E (MNRF 2015). The SWH Criteria Schedules include four (4) general types of significant wildlife habitat: seasonal concentration areas, rare or specialized habitat, habitat for species of conservation concern, and wildlife movement corridors. A summary table of the SWH assessment is provided in Table 4.3 below.

Table 4.3: Significant Wildlife Habitat Assessment

Habitat Type Assessment of SWH Type Habitat Description (MNRF 2015) Candidate SWH Seasonal Bat hibernacula Abandoned mine shafts, Not present. Concentration underground Areas foundations, caves, and crevices Deer wintering Deer yards are mapped Not present: No deer congregation areas and by MNRF yards are mapped by deer yards MNRF in the Site Investigation Area (MNRF 2018a). Colonially – nesting bird Eroded banks, steep Not present. breeding habitat (bank slopes, cliffs and cliff) Colonially – nesting bird Dead trees in large Not present. breeding habitat marshes and lakes, (trees/shrubs) flooded timber, and shrubs, with nests of Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Green Heron, or Black-crowned Night- Heron Colonially – nesting bird Rock islands and Not present. breeding habitat (ground) peninsulas in a lake or large river Waterfowl stopover and Fields with evidence of Not present. staging areas annual spring flooding from meltwater or runoff; aquatic habitats such as

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Habitat Type Assessment of SWH Type Habitat Description (MNRF 2015) Candidate SWH ponds, marshes, lakes, bays, and watercourses used during migration, including large marshy wetlands Shorebird migratory Muddy and unvegetated Not present. stopover area shorelines, beach areas, bars Raptor wintering areas Combination of fields and Not present: The Site woodland (>20 ha) Investigation Area does not contain the appropriate size and combination of candidate habitat types to support SWH for raptor wintering areas. Bat maternity colonies Mixed and deciduous Not present: No bat forests and swamps with maternity trees were large diameter dead or identified during field dying trees with cavities investigations. Reptile hibernacula Rock piles or slopes, Not present. stone fences, crumbling foundations Turtle wintering area Permanent waterbodies Not present: The creek is and large wetlands with too shallow with a sufficient dissolved rocky/concrete bottom to oxygen; man-made support overwintering ponds are not considered turtles. SWH Migratory butterfly Fields and forests that Not present: The Site stopover area are a minimum of 10 ha Investigation Area is not and are located within within 5 km from Lake 5km of Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. Ontario Landbird migratory Woodlands of a minimum Not present: The Site stopover area size located within 5km Investigation Area is not of Lake Erie or Lake within 5 km from Lake Ontario Ontario.

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Habitat Type Assessment of SWH Type Habitat Description (MNRF 2015) Candidate SWH Rare Vegetation Sand barren, alvar, cliffs Sand barren, Alvar, Cliff Not present. Communities and talus slopes and Talus ELC Community Classes, and other areas of exposed bed rock and patchy soil development, near vertical exposed bedrock and slopes of rock rubble Prairie and savannah Open canopy habitats Not present. (tree cover < 60%) dominated by prairie species Old growth forest Relatively undisturbed, Not present. structurally complex; dominant trees > 100 years’ old Other rare vegetation Vegetation communities Not present. communities ranked S1-S3 by the NHIC Specialized Waterfowl nesting areas Upland habitats adjacent Not present. Habitat for to wetlands Wildlife Bald Eagle and Osprey Treed communities Not present. nesting, foraging and adjacent to rivers, lakes, perching habitat ponds, and other wetlands with stick nests of Bald Eagle or Osprey Woodland raptor nesting Stick nests in forested Not present. habitat ELC communities >30 ha with 10 ha of interior habitat Turtle nesting areas Exposed soil, including Not present. sand and gravel in open sunny areas in proximity to wetlands Seeps and springs Any forested area with Not present. groundwater at surface within the headwaters of a stream or river system Amphibian breeding Treed uplands with Not present: habitat (woodland and vernal pools, and wetland Amphibian species were wetland) ecosites not observed calling in abundance to qualify the habitat as significant.

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Habitat Type Assessment of SWH Type Habitat Description (MNRF 2015) Candidate SWH Woodland area sensitive Large mature forest Not present. breeding bird habitat stands, woodlots >30 ha with interior forest habitat (i.e. at least 200 m from edge) Habitat for Open country bird Large grasslands and Not present: The Species of breeding habitat fields (>30ha) with two or meadow habitat within Conservation more of the following the Site Investigation Concern species; Upland Area is not large enough Sandpiper, Grasshopper to provide candidate Sparrow, Vesper SWH for open country Sparrow, Northern breeding birds. Harrier, Savannah Sparrow OR with nesting Short-eared Owls Shrub/early successional Large shrub and thicket Not present: The Site bird breeding habitat habitats (>10 ha) with: Investigation Area does • At least one Brown not contain the candidate Thrasher or Clay- habitat types to support colored Sparrow SWH for shrub/early breeding, or successional breeding birds. • At least two of Field Sparrow, Black-billed Cuckoo, Eastern Towhee and Willow Flycatcher; or • nesting Yellow- breasted Chat or Golden-winged Warbler Marsh bird breeding Wetlands with shallow Not present: The Site habitat water with emergent Investigation Area does aquatic vegetation with not contain the candidate American Bittern, Virginia habitat types to support Rail, Sora, Common SWH for marsh breeding Moorhen, American birds. Coot, Pied-billed Grebe, Marsh Wren, Sedge Wren, Common Loon, Sandhill Crane, Green Heron, Trumpeter Swan, Black Tern, Yellow Rail Terrestrial Crayfish Wet meadows and edges Not present: The Site of shallow marshes with Investigation Area does burrows or chimneys not contain the candidate

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Habitat Type Assessment of SWH Type Habitat Description (MNRF 2015) Candidate SWH habitat types to support SWH for terrestrial crayfish. Special Concern and An assessment of habitat Not present: No Potential provincially rare (S1-S3) for special concern and suitable habitat for wildlife provincially rare wildlife is special concern and included in Appendix F provincially rare wildlife was identified in the Site Investigation Area. Animal Movement Amphibian movement Associated with Not present: No potential Corridors corridors confirmed amphibian candidate SWH for breeding habitat breeding amphibians was identified; therefore, no amphibian movement corridors occur in the Site Investigation Area.

4.2.5.1 Seasonal Concentration Areas

Seasonal concentration areas are those sites where large numbers of a species congregate at one time of the year, or where several species congregate. Field investigations identified two candidate bat maternity trees in the Site Investigation Area; however, these trees were not located in a wooded community and do not qualify as significant wildlife habitat. Potential habitat for bat maternity colonies was therefore not carried forward to the impact assessment.

4.2.5.2 Rare or Specialized Habitat

Rare or specialized habitats are two separate components of SWH. Rare habitats are those with vegetation communities that are considered rare in the province. It is assumed that these habitats are at risk and that they are also likely to support additional wildlife species that are considered significant. There were no rare vegetation communities identified in the Site Investigation Area.

Specialized habitats are microhabitats that are critical to some wildlife species. The SWHTG (MNR 2000) identifies a number of habitats that could be considered specialized habitats, such as habitat for area sensitive species, forests providing a high diversity of habitats, amphibian woodland breeding ponds, turtle nesting habitat, highly diverse sites, seeps, and springs. There were no specialized habitats identified in the Site Investigation Area.

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4.2.5.3 Habitat for Species of Conservation Concern

Habitat for species of conservation concern includes habitat for those species that are not covered under the ESA 2007 including species ranked as special concern and provincially ranked as S1-S3. Data from the background review and field surveys were used to assess the potential for habitat of species of conservation concern to occur within the Site Investigation Area (Appendix F). There was no suitable habitat for species of conservation concern identified in the Site Investigation Area.

4.2.5.4 Animal Movement Corridors

Migration corridors are areas that are traditionally used by wildlife to move to one habitat from another. This is usually in response to different seasonal habitat requirements. There is one type of animal movement corridor in Ecoregion 7E: amphibian movement corridors. This corridor is identified after amphibian breeding habitat (woodlands) has been confirmed. Amphibian breeding habitat can be identified by conducting amphibian surveys to target potential breeding features. There was no suitable amphibian breeding habitat identified in the Site Investigation Area.

4.2.6 Incidental Wildlife

No incidental wildlife observations were recorded during the field investigations, however, common species that are tolerant of urban conditions are expected to occur throughout the Site Investigation Area.

4.2.7 Fish Habitat

West Highland Creek originates north of the Site Investigation Area and generally flows in a north to south direction through the Site Investigation Area. The channel was concrete lined with a wetted width that ranged from 2.0 m to 3.0 m, and depths that ranged from 0.10 m to 0.30 m. Upstream of Progress Avenue, channel morphology consisted of run habitat with substrates of silt and concrete. Downstream of Progress Avenue, there was approximately 10 m of run habitat followed by a riffle-pool sequence. Bottom substrates included concrete, silt, gravel and cobble. There was a barrier to fish passage approximately 10 m downstream of Progress Avenue. The barrier was a concrete edge that was approximately 0.4 m high. The stream banks were concrete and overhead cover was limited to the channel margins due to the lack of overhanging vegetation along the banks.

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Within the Site Investigation Area, West Highland Creek provides fish habitat; however, the habitat diversity is low in the concrete-lined channel. The presence of a barrier to fish passage approximately 10 m downstream of Progress Avenue likely limits passage of small bodied species upstream of Progress Avenue.

4.3 Natural Heritage Features Summary

The following natural heritage features were identified within the Site Investigation Area and will be carried forward to the Impact Assessment in Section 5.0:

• Vegetation:

− Naturalized vegetation located in ELC vegetation communities identified in Figure 4, Appendix A.

− Planted/ornamental trees and shrubs on city and private lands

• Bird Nesting Habitat:

− Migratory Bird Nesting Habitat in the Site Investigation Area

• Fish Habitat in West Highland Creek

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5.0 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations

5.1 Vegetation

Permanent and temporary work areas are illustrated on Figure 4. Permanent loss of vegetation will occur where the Project Footprint overlays small natural areas to facilitate construction, including temporary work areas (Figure 4, Appendix A). Quantified loss by ELC community is summarized in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Permanent Vegetation Loss by ELC Vegetation Community

ELC Community Area Impacted (ha) FODM7 0.072 FODM11 0.053 SWTM3 0.028

The Project Footprint overlaps with 0.072 ha of woodland in the FODM7 community to accommodate and access road to connect William Kitchen Road to the railroad tracks. This section of the FODM7 community was comprised of young, invasive Manitoba Maple, which appears to provide limited habitat for wildlife. The 0.053 ha portion of the FODM11 hedgerow community proposed for removal is dominated by young Manitoba Maple and willow species. Removal of trees and shrubs along this section of West Highland Creek is not anticipated to result in erosion issues since the banks are lined with concrete along this reach.

The Project Footprint overlaps with 0.028 ha of wetland (SWTM3) but the area is noted to be disturbed and of poor quality. This wetland was not previously evaluated or recorded. Potential encroachment into the edge of the feature is small and is not anticipated to influence the function of the wetland area with the implementation of appropriate sediment control mitigation. Permanent removal areas also include significant trees identified by the City of Toronto at 11-31 Progress Avenue.

Permanent loss of vegetation will generally be restricted to areas along the existing rail and road right-of-ways (ROW), and no additional habitat fragmentation is anticipated. These areas are considered to be minimal, and will have a limited effect on natural features.

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Clearing of work areas may also result in short-term disturbance, but no permanent loss or degradation of natural terrestrial habitat is anticipated. Standard mitigation measures are available to reduce the extent of permanent impacts, protect vegetation during construction, and revegetate temporary work areas post-disturbance. Recommendations are provided in Table 5.2 in Section 5.4.

5.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat

Potential impacts on wildlife and wildlife habitat from construction include direct mortality from construction vehicles, habitat destruction through vegetation removal, habitat degradation through spills, and sensory disturbance of wildlife during construction. However, the urban landscape precludes an abundance of wildlife and/or wildlife habitat. Limited habitat for wildlife present in the Site Investigation Area includes hedgerows and landscape trees along urban street fronts and small culturally influenced vegetated parcels.

Barn Swallow was recorded in the Site Investigation Area. There were no Barn Swallow nests observed in the accessible Project Footprint during field investigations (including under the Progress Avenue Bridge); however, Barn Swallow activity near a storage facility adjacent to the Project Footprint likely indicates active nests on the buildings. There are no building structures scheduled for removal on private lands; therefore, no impacts are anticipated to this Barn Swallow nest location.

The railroad tracks cross the West Highland Creek in the Site Investigation Area approximately 80 m north of where they intersect with Progress Avenue. Confirmatory surveys for Barn Swallow nests at this bridge crossing should be conducted during the active nesting period (June – early July) if construction activities have the potential to disturb these structures, as determined during detailed design.

Based on the assessment of potential bat maternity habitat trees on May 3, 2019, no bat maternity roosts were observed in the Site Investigation Area. If older structures in poor condition are proposed for demolition, additional bat surveys should be conducted as these have potential to provide bat habitat.

There is potential for construction to disturb or destroy nests of migratory birds, particularly during vegetation clearing and structural removal. Timing restrictions for vegetation clearing are recommended to protect species during construction. As described in Table 5.2 in Section 5.4, the Primary Nesting Period for migratory birds within the Site Investigation Area is April 1 through August 31.

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Other slow-moving and ground-dwelling wildlife could be encountered in work areas during construction, including reptiles (snakes and turtles) and amphibians. Mitigation measures are recommended to reduce the potential for harm to these animals.

Other temporary impacts to wildlife during construction may include increased noise and lighting in areas adjacent to the Project Footprint. Wildlife that have the potential to be present adjacent to active construction are species that are already acclimatized to the disturbed urban environment, and impacts to these species from increased noise and lighting are expected to be low.

Recommendations related to habitat removal or disturbance are consistent with the measures outlined for vegetation in Table 5.2 in Section 5.4. Recommendations to avoid or reduce impacts on wildlife are provided in Table 5.2 in Section 5.4.

5.3 Fish and Fish Habitat

A road over rail grade separation that will accommodate the existing two lanes of traffic in each direction is proposed for Progress Avenue to cross both the rail corridor and West Highland Creek. Based on existing conditions, this reach of the West Highland Creek provides fish habitat. The current three cell box culvert crossing will be replaced with a free span structure allowing for better flow and general improvement to the existing aquatic conditions. The Progress Avenue bridge will provide approximately 3.9 m of clearance over the creek. In-stream channel works to restore the creek bed will be conducted in conjunction with culvert removal and free span structure installment. This includes re-naturalization of the concrete lined channel. Further design refinements will occur during detailed design and Metrolinx will continue discussions with the TRCA into the next phase of the Project.

Potential impacts to fish habitat can include direct habitat loss or indirect impacts to habitat. Sediment introductions can affect fish due to increased turbidity of the water column, which can impair vision and subsequent feeding by fish that are sight-hunters. Suspended sediments can also abrade gill membranes leading to physical stress, and impact prey organism’s behavioral changes (i.e. avoidance, etc.). Heavier sediments can deposit on bottom substrates that may be used for spawning, incubation of juvenile fish, or food production, thereby impacting those habitat functions.

5.4 Mitigation Recommendations for Vegetation, Wildlife and Fish

Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to vegetation, wildlife and fish are summarized below in Table 5.2.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

Table 5.2: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

Description of Feature Mitigation Measures Monitoring Activities Potential Effects Vegetation Removal and • Tree/Vegetation removal, • An Arborist Report will be prepared which meets regulatory requirements and is completed by an • On-site inspection will be undertaken to confirm the implementation Compensation Plans injury and protection I.S.A. Certified Arborist. The report will also be completed with regard to the Ontario Forestry Act of the mitigation measures and identify corrective actions if R.S.O. 1990, the Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020), the Endangered Species Act, and other required. Corrective actions may include additional site regulations, municipal by-laws and best management practices as applicable. maintenance and alteration of activities to minimize impacts. • The Arborist Report will include, but not be limited to the individual identification of all trees within the • The site should be monitored at least weekly and within 24 hours Project Study Area including those that require removal or preservation, or trees that may be injured following a heavy rain event to ensure the effectiveness of as a result of the Project. Trees to be identified within the Project Study Area will include those on mitigation measures. Metrolinx property, trees on public and private lands, and boundary trees. Municipal by-laws will • The success of vegetation compensation activities will be monitored dictate the minimum Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) which requires inventory and additional in accordance with Metrolinx’s Vegetation Guideline (2020). The requirements for tree inventories and tree protection plans. The Arborist Report will include all approach to compensation monitoring will be determined by information needed to establish compensation ratios and tree end use (including identification of high property ownership, applicable governing bylaws/regulations and value trees) as per the Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020). location with respect to ecological functioning. • If a tree requires removal or injury, compensation and permitting/approvals (as required) will be • Monitoring requirements will be undertaken in accordance with undertaken in accordance with Metrolinx’s Vegetation Guideline (2020). Adhere to all applicable conditions of permits and approvals. Monitoring and management of bylaws and regulations for tree removals outside of Metrolinx properties. trees/vegetation within the rail corridor right-of-way will be • Pruning of branches will be conducted through the implementation of proper arboricultural techniques. undertaken in accordance with the IVM Program. • Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) fencing will be established to protect and prevent tree injuries in • Monitoring the integrity of the tree protection fence adjacent to accordance with local by-law requirements. construction activities daily during active construction. • Prior to the undertaking of tree removals, a Tree Removal Strategy, building upon the considerations • Following installation, post-planting monitoring of vegetation and elements set out in the Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020), will be developed and implemented restoration will be conducted annually during the appropriate in adherence with best practices, standards and regulations on safety, environmental and wildlife growing season to confirm survival of plantings and/or seed mix. protections. Should the plantings and/or seed mix not survive, additional • Compensation for tree removals will be undertaken in accordance with provisions outlined in the seeding and/or plantings will be undertaken during the appropriate Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020). Adhere to all applicable bylaws and regulations for tree growing season and an additional monitoring visit will be removals outside of Metrolinx properties. undertaken in the following growing season. • Vegetation removals will also consider and mitigate potential impacts to sensitive species, e.g., migratory birds and Species at Risk (SAR), and features, e.g., Designated Natural Areas and Significant Wildlife Habitat. Refer to Natural Environment commitment tables for additional details. • A permit is required prior to the commencement of work for the Injury or removal of trees regulated by the City of Toronto's Tree Protection By-Laws. • A permit is also required for the alteration of grade and placement of fill or refuse within an area regulated by Chapter 658, Ravine and Natural Feature Protection, of the Toronto Municipal Code. • Retain existing vegetation within the Assessment Area to the extent practicable. This includes significant trees identified by the City of Toronto at 11-31 Progress Avenue. Removals will be kept to a minimum to limit direct effects to vegetation communities and vascular flora, as well as indirect effects (e.g., soil compaction and changes to topography and drainage). • Large diameter tree removal should be avoided to the extent possible. • Stockpile areas will be located outside of vegetated areas and away from aquatic features.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

Description of Feature Mitigation Measures Monitoring Activities Potential Effects Wetland Removal • Removal or impacts to • Consult with TRCA to assess requirement for replacement habitat • On site inspection will be undertaken to confirm the implementation (0.028 ha of wetland wetlands; erosion and • Construction activities will maintain the buffers established during the design phase to minimize of the mitigation measures and identify corrective actions if (SWTM3) disturbed Swamp sedimentation to potential negative impacts to wetlands. required. Corrective actions may include alteration of activities to Thicket) wetlands from minimize impacts and enhance mitigation measures. construction; risk of • An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, in accordance with the Greater Golden Horseshoe’s Erosion contamination to and Sediment Control Guideline for Urban Construction (December, 2006), as amended from time to wetlands as a result of time, will be prepared prior to and implemented during construction to minimize the risk of spills. sedimentation to the waterbody. • A Spill Prevention and Response Plan will be developed before work commences to ensure procedures and policies are in place during construction to minimize impacts to wetland. Integrated Vegetation • Footprint Impacts and • An IVM Plan will be developed and implemented that is in adherence with the Metrolinx Vegetation • The presence, density, and location of compatible and incompatible Management (IVM) potential for the Guideline (2020) and the IVM Program. The Guideline’s selection criteria will be used to assess the species will be monitored as per the frequency and methodology establishment of vegetation present as compatible or incompatible, and manage it, if necessary, in a way which meets established in the Bi-Annual Monitoring Program within the invasive species and safety needs in a timely manner, is sensitive to environmental conditions, and maximizes cost- Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020). The Bi-Annual Monitoring other incompatible effectiveness. Program is made up of pre-treatment and post-treatment species. • A Clean Equipment Protocol will be developed and implemented for the Project in accordance with monitoring events that will be carried out via field, aerial, and high- the Peterborough Stewardship Council and Ontario Invasive Plant Council (May 2016) Clean rail vehicle or train surveys conducted by qualified specialists. Equipment Protocol for Industry. The Clean Equipment Protocol will require that machinery arrive on site in a clean condition, and the access and movement of vehicles and equipment will be managed to control the introduction and spread of invasive species. Vehicles and equipment entering and leaving a site will be inspected for cleanliness and absence of invasive species. Tree Removal Strategy • Potential for the spread • Removal of ash trees, or portions of ash trees, will be carried out in compliance with the Canada Food • Tree Removal Strategy of emerald ash borer, and Inspection Agency Directive D-03-08: Phytosanitary Requirements to Prevent the Introduction into Agrilus planipennis and Spread within Canada of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) (2014), as (Fairmaire) associated amended from time to time. To comply with this Directive, all ash trees requiring removal, including with removal, handing any wood, bark or chips, will be restricted from being transported outside of the emerald ash borer and transport of ash regulated areas of Canada. trees. Wildlife (General) • Disturbance, • Prior to construction, investigation of the Project Footprint for wildlife and wildlife habitat that may • On-site inspection will be undertaken to confirm the implementation displacement or have established following the completion of previous surveys will be undertaken, as appropriate. of the mitigation measures and identify corrective actions if mortality of wildlife • If wildlife is encountered, measures will be implemented to avoid destruction, injury, or interference required. Corrective actions may include additional site with the species, its residence and/or its habitat. For example, construction activities will cease or be maintenance and alteration of activities to minimize effects. reduced and wildlife will be encouraged to move offsite and away from the construction area on its • Regular inspections under and around equipment and vehicles left own. A qualified biologist will be contacted to define appropriate buffer. overnight will be conducted. • Wildlife exclusion fencing will be installed around the construction area to protect wildlife and mitigate the ingress of wildlife onto the site as recommended by a qualified biologist. • Construction sites will be regularly maintained; litter and debris will be removed as soon as possible to deter the presence of wildlife on-site. • Construction activities and facility design will minimize off-site noise, vibration and light disturbance to nearby wildlife, to the extent possible. • Visual inspections will be completed of and around equipment and vehicles left overnight to avoid effects to wildlife.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

Description of Feature Mitigation Measures Monitoring Activities Potential Effects Migratory Breeding Birds • Disturbance or • All works must comply with the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA 1994), including timing • Regular monitoring will be undertaken to confirm that activities do and Nests destruction of migratory windows for the nesting period (April 1 to August 31 in Ontario). not encroach into nesting areas or disturb active nesting sites. bird nests. • If activities are proposed to occur during the general nesting period, a breeding bird and nest survey will be undertaken prior to required activities. Nest searches by an experienced searcher are required and will be completed by a qualified biologist no more than 48 hours prior to vegetation removal. • Any nest found will be protected with a buffer zone determined by a setback distance appropriate to the species, the level of the disturbance and the landscape context, until the young have permanently left the vicinity of the nest. • If a nest of a migratory bird is found outside of this nesting period (including a ground nest) it still receives protection. Barn Swallow • Habitat loss, disturbance • Field surveys will be undertaken prior to construction to confirm the number of nests present at the • On-site inspection will be undertaken to confirm the implementation and/or mortality to Barn known locations and whether the nests remain active. of the mitigation measures and identify corrective actions if Swallow (detailed design • Where loss or disturbance cannot be avoided (e.g., due to work on bridges or banks), all requirements required. Corrective actions may include additional site will determine if under the ESA 2007 will be met, including any registration, compensation, replacement structures maintenance and alteration of activities to minimize impacts. construction activities and/or permitting requirements. Additional monitoring measures will be developed with the MECP, if have the potential to required. disturb potential nesting • If construction activities are scheduled during the nesting season for Barn Swallow (April 1 to August structures including the 31), a nest search will be undertaken to confirm that no Barn Swallow are nesting on structures or railroad bridge over West banks that may be affected by construction activities on or near these areas. If possible, the area will Highland Creek and the be netted prior to nesting season to dissuade use of these areas for nesting. Progress Avenue Bridge) Monarch Habitat • Disturbance or • Opportunities to plant milkweed or forage vegetation outside of the ROW will be undertaken, where • No monitoring required destruction of monarch possible, and in accordance with the Metrolinx Vegetation Guideline (2020). foraging habitat (low probability, no milkweed observed). Fish Habitat (West Highland • Increased soil erosion • Construction activities will maintain the buffers established during the design phase to minimize • On site inspection will be undertaken to confirm the implementation Creek) and sedimentation to potential negative effects to waterbodies. of the mitigation measures and identify corrective actions if nearby waterbodies from • Shorelines or banks disturbed by construction activities disturbed will be immediately stabilized by any required. Corrective actions may include alteration of activities to construction activities activity associated with the project to prevent erosion and/or sedimentation, preferably through re- minimize effects and enhance mitigation measures. including exposed soils vegetation with native species suitable for the site. OPSS 804 (November 2010) should be adhered to and vegetation clearing regarding specifications for cover and seeding. (extent of potential impacts to be determined • Time the in-water work to reduce the risk of impacts to fish by avoiding sensitive life periods such as during detailed design). spawning. Since the West Highland Creek is a warmwater watercourse, the typical timing window provided by TRCA allows work to proceed from July 1 to March 31. This in-water construction timing window has been confirmed by the TRCA. The work area located within the bankfull channel will be isolated from flowing water using standard isolation measures (e.g., dam and pump). • Design and implement fish protection measures where in-water work is proposed (e.g., fish salvage plan to remove fish from in-water work areas, fish screens for water intakes to prevent impingement or entrainment of fish into water intake pipes if required for work area dewatering). • Prevent sediment from entering waterbodies by trapping as close to the source as possible (using methods such as silt fencing or filter logs) • Reduce the area and duration of soil exposure to the extent possible

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

Description of Feature Mitigation Measures Monitoring Activities Potential Effects • Divert runoff away from exposed soils • Keep runoff velocities low • Implement debris/waste containment and removal • Retain existing vegetation where feasible • Complete post-construction site restoration (i.e., application of cover and re-vegetation of cleared areas) • To reduce the risk of HADD of fish habitat, the following measures are recommended during the design phase of the project: • Replace the existing three cell box culvert with a single span crossing to allow for improved fish passage. • Remove the barrier to fish passage downstream of Progress Avenue. • Consider replacing the concrete-line channel with a channel that includes natural substrates.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

5.5 Standard Measures for Sedimentation and Spills

Mitigation measures should be implemented to prevent sediment and spills from entering adjacent natural features. The primary principles associated with these protection measures are to: reduce the duration of soil exposure; retain existing vegetation, where feasible; encourage revegetation; divert runoff away from exposed soils; keep runoff velocities low; and to trap sediment and spills as close to the source as possible. An Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) Plan for the work site will be prepared and implemented during construction. The plan will include the following mitigation measures:

• Silt fencing and/or barriers will be used along all construction areas adjacent to any natural areas. These measures will be maintained and enhanced as needed until construction is complete and the site has been permanently stabilized. No equipment will be permitted to enter any natural areas beyond the protection fencing.

• To minimize erosion and sedimentation, the area of soil disturbance will be limited to within the established Project Footprint.

• If any clearing/removal of manicured grass is required, it will be kept to a minimum. When practicable, vegetation will be pruned or topped instead of grubbing/uprooting, if required.

• Existing vegetation will be retained within the study area, to the extent practicable. Vegetation removal will be kept to a minimum, limited to within the Project Footprint and use existing trails, roads or cut lines wherever possible to avoid disturbance to vegetation and prevent soil compaction and changes to topography and drainage.

• Construction activities near water will be scheduled in order to avoid wet, windy and rainy periods that may increase erosion and sedimentation, when possible.

• Where/when feasible, vegetation removal and grading activities will be scheduled to avoid times of high runoff volumes (spring and fall) and storm events to minimize the potential increase in erosion and/or sedimentation.

• Stockpiled material will be covered and located away from the edge of the Project Footprint to prevent sediment from entering adjacent areas.

• Measures will be implemented for managing water flowing onto the site, as well as water being pumped/diverted from the site such that sediment is filtered out prior to the water entering a waterbody. For example, pumping/diversion of water to a vegetated area, construction of a settling basin or other filtration system.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

• Measures will be implemented for containing and stabilizing waste material (e.g., dredging spoils, construction waste and materials, uprooted or cut aquatic plants, and accumulated debris) above the high water mark of nearby waterbodies to prevent re-entry.

• In addition to any specified requirements, additional silt fence should be available on site, prior to grading operations, to provide a contingency supply in the event of an emergency.

• All sediment and erosion controls should be monitored regularly and properly maintained, as required. Controls should be removed only after the soils of the construction area have been stabilized and adequately protected or until cover is re-established.

• This plan will consider the Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) Area Conservation Authorities’ Erosion and Sediment Control Guideline for Urban Construction (2006) and OPSS 805 (Erosion and Sediment Control Measures) (MTO, 2015).

• All exposed soil areas will be stabilized and revegetated promptly upon completion of construction activities. Disturbed areas where slopes are ≥10% should be stabilized with the installation of erosion control blankets or equivalent.

• If disturbances or impacts to on-site or off-site areas are observed, activities will be altered to minimize these impacts, the mitigation measures being implemented will be altered and/or enhanced, and the area(s) will be restored as soon as possible.

• The construction activities should be monitored by an onsite Environmental Specialist to verify that the contract constraints and provisions are adhered to and to recommend remedial action in the event of an emergency or unforeseen situation. Inspections may be bi-weekly, as well as before and after any significant runoff event (i.e., thaw or storm).

• The duration that disturbed soils are exposed should be limited by requiring that the disturbed soils are restored with vegetation, erosion control blanket or rock protection promptly.

• Refer to the “Vegetation Communities and Vascular Flora” environmental component for mitigation measures and the associated monitoring, specifically for re-vegetating of disturbed areas.

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Impact Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations July 31, 2020

A Construction Emergency Response and Communications Plan will be developed and implemented during construction. The plan will include the following mitigation measures:

• A spill response team member will be appointed as a point of contact in the case of an accident or spill to ensure the proper and timely implementation of site response controls.

• Absorbent materials and equipment required to control and clean up spills of deleterious substances will be available onsite. Spills and leaks of deleterious substances will be immediately contained and cleaned up in accordance cleaned up in accordance with the Construction Emergency Response and Communications Plan and with regulatory requirements. Incidents will be reported immediately to the Ontario Spills Action Centre at 1-800-268-6060.

• The contractor should be reminded of the requirement to report contaminant spills as per the Environmental Protection Act. All toxic chemicals and any contaminants must be properly managed. Any excess impacted soils generated shall be disposed of offsite at an approved disposal site under appropriate MECP regulations.

• A Hazardous Materials and Fuel Handling Plan will be developed prior to construction to guide the safe handling and storage of fuels and other hazardous materials during the construction process.

• The transportation, storage and handling of fuel shall be in accordance with the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000.

• Machinery and equipment will be routinely inspected for leaks during construction and preventative maintenance will be undertaken, as required, to ensure that it is functioning properly. If repairs are not feasible, equipment will be removed from site immediately.

• Machinery will be washed, refueled and serviced property at a minimum of 30 metres away from any wetland or waterbody.

• Topsoil and subsoil will not be mixed or contaminated with any other material.

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Permits and Approvals July 31, 2020

6.0 Permits and Approvals

6.1 Federal

Once the nature and extent of in-water work is confirmed, an impact assessment will determine if a request for review should be submitted to DFO for review under the Fisheries Act. It is our opinion that the proposed grade separation is unlikely to result HADD of fish habitat, if the mitigation measures in Section 5.4 are incorporated into the final design and construction.

6.2 Provincial

Consultation with the MECP is recommended to address suitable habitat for SAR protected by the ESA 2007 including potential nesting habitat for Barn Swallow in the railroad bridge over West Highland Creek. Additional surveys may be required to assess the bridge for use by nesting Barn Swallows.

6.2.1 Conservation Authority Permits

Metrolinx is exempt from TRCA’s regulatory approval process. However, the TRCA should be consulted to confirm that appropriate mitigation and compensation measures are in place for the project, including areas that are regulated by O. Reg. 166/06 (Development, Interference with Wetlands and Alterations to Shorelines and Watercourses) of the CAA 1990. A portion of the Project Footprint is within the TRCA’s Regulation Limit.

Metrolinx will engage the TRCA through the Voluntary Permit Review process with respect to works within TRCA regulated areas and to address the risk of flooding and erosion. No construction activities for this Project are proposed in the TRCA regulated areas. Metrolinx will continue to engage TRCA throughout the detailed design so that the final design addresses stakeholder concerns. Once TRCA concerns are satisfied, a Voluntary Project Review Letter is provided by TRCA staff.

6.3 Municipal

A permit is required for the injury or removal of trees regulated by the City of Toronto's Tree Protection By-Laws.

A permit is also required for the alteration of grade and placement of fill or refuse within an area regulated by Chapter 658, Ravine and Natural Feature Protection, of the Toronto Municipal Code.

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Conclusions July 31, 2020

7.0 Conclusions

7.1 Designated Natural Areas

There are no designated natural areas within the Project Footprint, or within the Site Investigation Area. Therefore, no impacts on designated natural areas are anticipated.

7.2 Vegetation

Permanent loss of terrestrial features will occur where the Project Footprint overlays vegetated areas (Figure 4, Appendix A). The Project Footprint is limited to the ROW adjacent to the thicket swamp (SWTM3), and impacts are expected to be minimal with the installation of a heavy duty silt fence to reduce sedimentation into the feature. Compensation for permanent loss will follow Metrolinx’s Vegetation Guideline (2020). Where feasible, efforts should be made to retain and protect significant trees identified by the City of Toronto at 11-31 Progress Avenue.

Permanent loss to natural features is generally restricted to areas along the existing rail and road ROW, and no additional habitat fragmentation is anticipated. These areas are considered to be minimal and will not have a significant effect on natural features. Work areas will result in short-term disturbance, and permanent loss and construction phase disturbance can be offset and mitigated through standard environmental protection measures for vegetation protection discussed in this report.

Tree removal will be subject to a permit from the City of Toronto under their Tree Protection By-Laws.

7.3 Wildlife

Protection of natural areas is provided by standard environmental protection measures discussed in this report. Protection of nesting birds, including potential SAR is provided by implementing the timing restrictions for vegetation/structure removal identified for MBCA 1994 protected species.

Generally, the Site Investigation Area has been observed not to provide habitat for breeding bats.

Consultation with MECP may be required to address mitigation options for potential Barn Swallow nests on structures in the Project Footprint.

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Conclusions July 31, 2020

Generally, sediment and construction fencing will prevent wildlife access to the work area; however, there is some potential that individuals may enter the limits of construction. Regular visual searches for reptiles (turtles and snakes) and small mammals are recommended to address potential interaction with wildlife. A thorough visual search for wildlife within all active work areas should be conducted by construction contractors before work commences each day.

7.4 Fish and Fish Habitat

The Project Footprint overlaps with fish habitat in West Highland Creek. Potential impacts to fish and fish habitat can be mitigated by implementing the recommendations provided in Section 5.4. Further assessment may be required once the nature and extent of the in-water work is confirmed (dependent on the design being implemented). Design refinements will occur during detailed design and Metrolinx will continue discussions with the TRCA into the next phase of the Project.

7.2 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

References July 31, 2020

8.0 References

Bird Studies Canada (BSC) and Environment Canada. 2008. Marsh Monitoring Program Manual.

Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, Bélisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D, and contributors (2010+). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Accessed April 18, 2016. http://data.canadensys.net/vascan and http://www.gbif.org/dataset/3f8a1297- 3259-4700-91fc-acc4170b27ce, released on 2010-12-10. Version [xx]. GBIF key: 3f8a1297-3259-4700-91fc-acc4170b27ce. Data paper ID: doi: http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100 [].

Cadman, M. D., D.A. Sutherland, G.G. Beck, D. Lepage, A.R. Couturier. 2007. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. (eds) Bird Studies Canada, Environment Conada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto, xxii + 318pp.

(DFO) Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2019. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquatics Species at Risk Map. http://www.dfo- mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/sara-lep/map-carte/index-eng.html.

Dobbyn, J. 1994. Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario. Federation of Ontario Naturalists. eBird Canada. 2018. eBird Canada Species Maps. https://ebird.org/canada/map.

Environment Canada. 2016. North American Breeding Bird Survey Instructions and Safety Guidelines. Last updated April 8, 2016. https://ec.gc.ca/reom- mbs/default.asp?lang=En&n=5EE0ADBA-1.

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). 2017. General nesting periods of migratory birds in Canada. http://www.ec.gc.ca/paom- itmb/default.asp?lang=En&n=4F39A78F-1#_tab01

Metrolinx. 2018. GO Expansion Full Business Case. Accessed June 18, 2019. http://www.metrolinx.com/en/docs/pdf/board_agenda/20181206/20181206_Boar dMtg_GO_Expansion_Full_Business_Case.PDF.

Michigan Flora Online. A.A. Reznicek, E.G. Voss, and B.S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. http://michiganflora.net/acknowledgments.aspx.

8.1 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

References July 31, 2020

(MNRF) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. 2019. Land Information Ontario (LIO) Natural Heritage Areas Make-a-Map Website. https://www.ontario.ca/page/land-information-ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry © Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2019.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). 2015. Ontario Vascular Plants. Accessed May 3, 2016. https://www.ontario.ca/page/get-natural-heritage- information.

Ministry of Natural Resources. March 2010. Natural Heritage Reference Manual for Natural Heritage Policies of the Provincial Policy Statement, 2005. Second Edition. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 248 pp.

Ministry of Transportation (MTO). 2009. Environmental Guide for Fish and Fish Habitat. Version June, 2009. Provincial and Environmental Planning Office, St. Catharines, Ontario.

Morrison Hershfield Ltd. 2020. Vegetation Guideline - Final Draft. Markham: Metrolinx, 2020.

Newmaster, S.G., A. Lehela, P.W.C Uhlig, S. McMurray and M.J. Oldham. 1998. Ontario plant list. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Forest Research Information Paper No. 123. 550 pp. + appendices.

Oldham, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky and D.A. Sutherland. 1995. Floristic quality assessment for southern Ontario. MNR, Natural Heritage Information Centre, Peterborough. 68 pp.

Ontario Nature. 2018. Reptiles and Amphibians of Ontario. https://ontarionature.org/programs/citizen-science/reptile-amphibian-atlas/.

Stantec. 2017. Natural Environment Technical Report – Danforth Road. Stouffville Corridor Grade Separation Program.

Toronto Entomologists’ Association. 2018. Ontario Butterfly Atlas. Accessed Online: http://www.ontarioinsects.org/atlas_online.htm.

Toronto Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 1999. State of the Watershed Report: Highland Creek Watershed. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.

8.2 Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

References July 31, 2020

Toronto Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 2019. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Open Data Portal: Highland Creek Fisheries. Accessed August 16, 2019. https://data.trca.ca/dataset/watershed-fisheries-monitoring-trca.

Updated ELC Catalogue. 2008. http://conservationontario.ca/events_workshops/ELC_portal/.

VASCAN. 2016. Canadensys [Online database]. http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search.

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Appendix A Figures

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A q i r r D

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Appendix B MNRF Correspondence

This page intentionally left blank Stantec Consulting Ltd. 1-70 Southgate Drive, Guelph ON N1G 4P5

April 25, 2019 File: 165011004

Attention: ESA Aurora Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Aurora District 50 Bloomington Rd Aurora, ON L4G 0L8 [email protected]

To Whom it May Concern,

Reference: Metrolinx Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations – Natural Heritage Background Data Request

INTRODUCTION

Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) has been retained by Metrolinx to complete an environmental assessment, under the Transit Project Assessment Process (O.Reg. 231.08) for the Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project (the Project). Metrolinx is expanding its services as part of the GO Expansion Program which will increase services both in terms of train frequency and availability. Given this proposed level of service, Metrolinx has identified the need to reduce the number of road and rail at-grade crossings along the Stouffville corridor to enhance safety, on time performance and operational flexibility/reliability.

Information obtained through this request will be used to document existing natural heritage conditions in the Study Areas located in the City of Toronto, shown on the attached Figures 1.1 – 1.4. The natural heritage Study Areas extend 1 km around each Stouffville Grade Separation Project Footprint at the following intersections with the rail corridor:

• Passmore Avenue • Huntingwood Drive • Havendale Road • Progress Avenue

Given our knowledge of the Study Areas and background review results, there is potential to encounter Species at Risk (SAR).

NATURAL HERITAGE REVIEW

Stantec completed a background review on April 24, 2019 of the following online databases:

• MNRF’s Land Information Ontario (LIO) (MNRF 2019a) database • MNRF’s Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) database (MNRF 2019b)

April 25, 2019 ESA Aurora Page 2 of 3

Reference: Metrolinx Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations – Natural Heritage Background Data Request

• Ontario Nature’s Reptile and Amphibian Atlas (Ontario Nature 2018) • Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario (Cadman et al. 2007) • Fisheries and Oceans Canada Species at Risk Mapping (Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2018) • Ontario Butterfly Atlas (Toronto Entomologists’ Association 2018) • Ontario Mammal Atlas (Dobbyn 1994)

Based on our background data and desktop habitat assessment, we believe that the following SAR species have the potential to reside in the Study Areas of Havendale Road, Huntingwood Drive, Passmore Avenue and Progress Avenue:

• Three (3) reptile species: Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingi), Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica) and Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). • One (1) insect species: Monarch (Danaus plexippus) • Eight (8) bird species: Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica), Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) • Three (3) mammal species: Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), Tri-coloured Bat (Perimyotis subflavus)

Additionally, as Progress Avenue is the only Study Area within proximity to water, the following SAR species have the potential to reside in the Progress Avenue Study Area:

• Three (3) reptile species: Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingi), Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica) and Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina).

INFORMATION REQUEST

Stantec is requesting any additional records of SAR, Species of Conservation Concern designated natural features, including additional records that are not in the NHIC or LIO databases for the Study Areas.

If you require any additional information regarding this project or have any questions, please contact the undersigned.

April 25, 2019 ESA Aurora Page 3 of 3

Reference: Metrolinx Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations – Natural Heritage Background Data Request

Regards,

Stantec Consulting Ltd.

Daniel Eusebi BES, MCIP, RPP Senior Environmental Planner Phone: (519) 780-8134 [email protected]

Attachment: Figure 1.1 Study Area – Havendale Road Figure 1.2 Study Area – Huntingwood Drive Figure 1.3 Study Area – Passmore Avenue Figure 1.4 Study Area – Progress Avenue C Alex Blasko, Stantec Melissa Dagenais, Metrolinx Laura Witherow, Metrolinx Anna Krol, Metrolinx Mia Donaldson, Metrolinx

REFERENCES

Cadman, M.D., D.A. Sutherland, G.G. Beck, D. Lepage and A.R. Couturier (eds). 2007. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario 2001- 2005. Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto. 706 pp.

Dobbyn, J. 1994. Atlas of the Mammals of Ontario. Federation of Ontario Naturalists.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2019. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Species at Risk Mapping. Accessed April 2019. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/sara-lep/map-carte/index-eng.html

MNRF [Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry]. 2019a. Land Information Ontario (LIO). On-line Natural Heritage Mapping and Natural Heritage Information Database. Accessed April 2019.

MNRF [Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry]. 2019b. Natural Heritage Information Centre element occurrence data. Accessed April 2019. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough. http://www.gisapplication.lrc.gov.on.ca/mamnh/Index.html?site=MNR_NHLUPS_NaturalHeritage&vi ewer=NaturalHeritage&locale=en-US

Ontario Nature. 2019. Ontario Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Accessed April 2019. Available online: https://ontarionature.org/oraa/maps/

Toronto Entomologists’ Association [Ontario Butterfly Atlas]. 2019. Ontario Butterfly Atlas Online. Accessed April 2019. Available online: http://www.ontarioinsects.org/atlas_online.htm

This page intentionally left blank 638000

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\\CD1215-F01\work_group\01650\active\165011004\Scarborough Junction\16_environmental\1609_gis\03_data\gis_cad\gis\mxds\ecosystems\report_figures\SGS_NE_Workplan\165011004_SGS_NE_Fig01_Study_Area_Map.mxdDisclaimer: Revised: 2019-04-25 By: BCowper This figure has been prepared based on information provided by others as cited under the Notes section. Stantec has not verified the accuracy and/or completeness of this information and shall not be responsible for any errors or omissions which may be incorporated herein as a result. From: Species at Risk (MECP) To: Eusebi, Daniel Subject: RE: Request for Information - Metrolinx Rail Corridor Grade Separation Sites Date: Monday, June 3, 2019 2:55:11 PM Attachments:

Mr. Eusebi;

MECP has nothing further to add to your extensive records search.

Kind Regards;

JEFF J. ANDERSEN

MANAGEMENT BIOLOGIST PERMISSIONS AND COMPLIANCE SECTION, SPECIES AT RISK BRANCH LAND AND WATER DIVISION ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, CONSERVATION AND PARKS

50 Bloomington Road, Aurora ON L4G 0L8 | [email protected] | 905.713.7341

From: Eusebi, Daniel Sent: May 23, 2019 9:42 AM To: Species at Risk (MECP) Cc: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Blasko, Alex Subject: RE: Request for Information - Metrolinx Rail Corridor Grade Separation Sites

As per recent response (below) to Information Request submitted to Aurora MNRF, please find attached RFI for Metrolinx Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project.

The Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) has now assumed responsibility for the Endangered Species Act (ESA), including species at risk (SAR) in Ontario. All future correspondence related to ESA or SAR should be sent to [email protected] to reach the MECP directly.

All non - ESA and SAR requests sent to this account will be addressed by MNRF as usual.

Thanks

Dan

From: Eusebi, Daniel Sent: Thursday, May 23, 2019 9:32 AM To: [email protected] Cc: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Blasko, Alex Subject: Request for Information - Metrolinx Rail Corridor Grade Separation Sites

Please find attached an Information Request to support an environmental assessment for Metrolinx under the Transit Project Assessment Process (O.Reg. 231.08) for the Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project.

If you should have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me directly.

Thanks

Dan Eusebi BES, MCIP, RPP Senior Environmental Planner

Direct: 519 780-8134 Mobile: 519 827-7564 Fax: 519 836-2493 [email protected]

Stantec 1-70 Southgate Drive Guelph ON N1G 4P5

The content of this email is the confidential property of Stantec and should not be copied, modified, retransmitted, or used for any purpose except with Stantec's written authorization. If you are not the intended recipient, please delete all copies and notify us immediately. Stouffville Rail Corridor Grade Separations Project: Natural Environment Technical Report - Progress Avenue Site Investigation Area

Appendix C Wildlife List Atlases

This page intentionally left blank Appendix C: Wildlife Atlas Background Review Amphibians

Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Red-spotted Newt Notophthalmus S5 G5T5 - - - - L1 - - - - - viridescens Spotted Salamander Ambystoma S4 G5 - - - - L1 - - - - - maculatum Northern Redback Plethodon cinereus S5 G5 ------Salamander American Toad Anaxyrus S5 G5 ------americanus Tetraploid Gray Hyla versicolor S5 G5 - - - - L2 - - - - - Treefrog Western Chorus Pseudacris triseriata S3 G5 NAR THR - - L2 - - - - - Frog (great lakes - shield) Spring Peeper Pseudacris crucifer S5 G5 - - - - L2 - - - - - Bullfrog Lithobates S4 G5 - - 1 - L1 - - - - - catesbeiana Northern Green Frog Lithobates clamitans S5 G5 ------Pickerel Frog Lithobates palustris S4 G5 NAR NAR - - L2 - - - - - Wood Frog Lithobates sylvatica S5 G5 - - - - L2 - - - - - Northern Leopard Lithobates pipiens S5 G5 NAR NAR - - L3 - - - - - Frog

1 of 11 Reptiles

Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina S3 G5 SC SC - - L3 - - - - - Midland Painted Chrysemys picta S5 G5T5 ------Turtle marginata Slider Trachemys scripta SNA G5 ------Northern Map Turtle Graptemys S3 G5 SC SC 30-50 ------geographica Blanding's Turtle Emydoidea S3 G4 THR THR - - L2 - - - - - blandingi Eastern Gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis S5 G5 ------Redbelly Snake Storeria S5 G5 - - - - L3 - - - - - occipitomaculata Brown Snake Storeria dekayi S5 G5 - NAR ------Smooth Greensnake Opheodrys vernalis S4 G5 - - - - L3 - - - - - Eastern Milksnake Lampropeltis S3 G5 SC SC - - L3 - - - - - triangulum

Birds

Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Canada Goose Branta canadensis S5 G5 ------Wood Duck Aix sponsa S5 G5 - - - - L3 - - - - - Gadwall Anas strepera S4 G5 - - - - X - - - - Mallard Anas platyrhynchos S5 G5 ------Ring-necked Phasianus colchicus SNA G5 ------Pheasant Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus S5 G5 - - 20 L3 - - - - Sandilands 2005

2 of 11 Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Green Heron Butorides virescens S4B G5 - - - - - X - - - Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura S5B G5 - - - - - X - - - Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus S5 G5 NAR NAR 20-30 - L3 X - - - Sandilands 2005 Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii S4 G5 NAR NAR 4-50+ - L3 X - - - Sandilands 2005 Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis S5 G5 NAR NAR ------American Kestrel Falco sparverius S4 G5 ------X - - Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus S3B G4 SC SC - - - - - X - - Virginia Rail Rallus limicola S5B G5 - - - - L3 X - - - - Sora Porzana carolina S4B G5 - - - - L3 X - - - - Killdeer Charadrius S5B, G5 ------vociferus S5N Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia S5 G5 ------American Woodcock Scolopax minor S4B G5 - - - - L3 - - - - - Rock Pigeon Columba livia SNA G5 ------Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura S5 G5 ------Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus S4B G5 - - - - L3 X - - - americanus Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus S5B G5 - - - - L3 X - X - - erythropthalmus Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio S5 G5 NAR NAR ------Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus S5 G5 ------Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor S4B G5 SC THR - - - X - - - Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica S4B, G5 THR THR - - - - - X - - S4N Ruby-throated Archilochus colubris S5B G5 - - - - - X - - - Hummingbird Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon S4B G5 - - - - - X - X - - Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens S5 G5 ------Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus S5 G5 - - 10 - - X - - -

3 of 11 Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus S4B G5 X Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus S5 G5 30-50* L3 X Naylor et al., 1996 Eastern Wood- Contopus virens S4B G5 SC SC-NS X Pewee Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii S5B G5 X X Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus S4B G5 L3 X Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe S5B G5 Great Crested Myiarchus crinitus S4B G5 Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus S4B G5 X Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus S5B G5 X Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus S5B G5 Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata S5 G5 American Crow Corvus S5B G5 brachyrhynchos Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris S5B G5 Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor S4B G5 Northern Rough- Stelgidopteryx S4B G5 winged Swallow serripennis Bank Swallow Riparia riparia S4B G5 THR THR-NS X Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon S4B G5 pyrrhonota Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica S4B G5 THR THR-NS Black-capped Poecile atricapillus S5 G5 Chickadee Red-breasted Sitta canadensis S5 G5 0 X Nuthatch White-breasted Sitta carolinensis S5 G5 10 Nuthatch House Wren Troglodytes aedon S5B G5

4 of 11 Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Blue-gray Polioptila caerulea S4B G5 30 X Gnatcatcher Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina S4B G5 SC THR-NS L3 X American Robin Turdus migratorius S5B G5 Gray Catbird Dumetella S4B G5 carolinensis Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum S4B G5 L3 X X Northern Mimus polyglottos S4 G5 X Mockingbird European Starling Sturnus vulgaris SNA G5 Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla S5B G5 cedrorum Mourning Warbler Geothlypis S4B G5 30 X philadelphia Common Geothlypis trichas S5B G5 Yellowthroat American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla S5B G5 20-30 L3 X Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia S5B G5 Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina S5B G5 Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla S4B G5 L3 X Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes S4B G5 L3 X X gramineus Savannah Sparrow Passerculus S4B G5 X sandwichensis Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia S5B G5 Swamp Sparrow Melospiza S5B G5 X georgiana Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis S5 G5 Rose-breasted Pheucticus S4B G5 X Grosbeak ludovicianus Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea S4B G5

5 of 11 Local Region of Status Area Eco Local Waterloo PIF Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Regionally Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA Significant Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Bobolink Dolichonyx S4B G5 THR THR-NS 10 X oryzivorus Red-winged Agelaius S4 G5 Blackbird phoeniceus Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna S4B G5 THR THR-NS X Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula S5B G5 Brown-headed Molothrus ater S4B G5 Cowbird Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius S4B G5 X Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula S4B G5 X House Finch Haemorhous SNA G5 mexicanus American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis S5B G5 House Sparrow Passer domesticus SNA G5

6 of 11 Mammals

Region of Local Waterloo Status Regionall PIF Area Eco Local y Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Significan Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA t Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Masked Shrew Sorex cinereus S5 G5 Smoky Shrew Sorex fumeus S5 G5 L2 Northern Short-tailed Blarina brevicauda S5 G5 Shrew Hairy-tailed Mole Parascalops breweri S4 G5 L3 Star-nosed Mole Condylura cristata S5 G5 Little Brown Myotis Myotis lucifugus S4 G5 END END Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris S4 G5 L3 noctivagans Red Bat Lasiurus borealis S4 G5 Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus S5 G5 Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus S4 G5 Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus S5 G5 Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus S5 G5 Woodchuck Marmota monax S5 G5 Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis S5 G5 Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus S5 G5 hudsonicus Beaver Castor canadensis S5 G5 L3 White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopus S5 G5 Deer Mouse Peromyscus S5 G5 maniculatus Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus S5 G5 Meadow Vole Microtus S5 G5 pennsylvanicus Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus SNA G5 House Mouse Mus musculus SNA G5 Meadow Jumping Zapus hudsonicus S5 G5 L3 Mouse

7 of 11 Region of Local Waterloo Status Regionall PIF Area Eco Local y Priority Area Ontario Global Sensitivity Region Status Significan Species Sensitive Common Name Scientific Name Status Status COSSARO COSEWIC (Ha) (Owes) TRCA t Source (BCR 13) Comments Reference Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum S5 G5 7 L2 Coyote Canis latrans S5 G5 Red Fox Vulpes vulpes S5 G5 Black Bear Ursus americanus S5 G5 NAR NAR L1 Raccoon Procyon lotor S5 G5 Mink Mustela vison S4 G5 L3 Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis S5 G5 White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus S5 G5

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Explanation of Status and Acronyms

COSSARO: Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario COSEWIC: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada REGION: Rare in a Site Region S1: Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled in the province (often 5 or fewer occurrences) S2: Imperiled—Imperiled in the province, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), S3: Vulnerable—Vulnerable in the province, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer) S4: Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare S5: Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in the province SX: Presumed extirpated SH: Possibly Extirpated (Historical) SNR: Unranked SU: Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information SNA: Not applicable—A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. S#S#: Range Rank—A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate any range of uncertainty about the status of the species S#B- Breeding status rank S#N- Non Breeding status rank ?: Indicates uncertainty in the assigned rank G1: Extremely rare globally; usually fewer than 5 occurrences in the overall range G1G2: Extremely rare to very rare globally G2: Very rare globally; usually between 5-10 occurrences in the overall range G2G3: Very rare to uncommon globally G3: Rare to uncommon globally; usually between 20-100 occurrences G3G4: Rare to common globally G4: Common globally; usually more than 100 occurrences in the overall range G4G5: Common to very common globally G5: Very common globally; demonstrably secure GU: Status uncertain, often because of low search effort or cryptic nature of the species; more data needed. GNR: Unranked—Global rank not yet assessed. T: Denotes that the rank applies to a subspecies or variety Q: Denotes that the taxonomic status of the species, subspecies, or variety is questionable. END: Endangered THR: Threatened SC: Special Concern 2, 3 or NS after a COSEWIC ranking indicates the species is either on Schedule 2, Schedule 3 or No Schedule of the Species At Risk Act (SARA) NAR: Not At Risk IND: Indeterminant, insufficient information to assign status

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DD: Data Deficient 6: Rare in Site Region 6 7: Rare in Site Region 7 Area: Minimum patch size for area-sensitive species (ha) H- highly significant in Hamilton Region (i.e. rare) m- moderately significant in Hamilton Region (i.e. uncommon) L1- extremely rare locally (Toronto Region) L2- very rare locally (Toronto Region) L3- rare to uncommon locally (Toronto Region) Latest Status Update

Odonata: April 2015 Butterflies: July 2014 Bumble Bees: January 2016 Other Arthropods: July 2014 Terrestrial Molluscs: January 2016 Amphibans: July 2014 Reptiles: April 2015 Birds: January 2016 Mammals: January 2016 S and G ranks and explanations: December 2011 Note

All rankings for birds refer to breeding birds unless the ranking is followed by N References

COSSARO Status Endangered Species Act, 2007 (Bill 184). Species at Risk in Ontario List. COSEWIC Status COSEWIC. 2007. Canadian Species at Risk. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. \ Local Status Dwyer, Jill K. 2003. Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory 2003. Species Checklists. Hamilton Naturalists Club. Ontario Partners in Flight. 2006. Ontario Landbird Conservation Plan: Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain (North American Bird Conservation Region 13), Priorities, Objectives and Recommended Actions. Environment Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Draft, February 2006. Region of Waterloo. 1996. Regionally Significant Breeding Birds. TRCA. 2003. Revised Fauna Scores and Ranks, February 2003. Toronto Region Conservation Authority. Area-sensitive information Austen, M.J.W., M.D. Cadman, and R.D. James. 1994. Ontario birds at risk: status and conservation needs. Toronto and Port Rowan, ON: Federation of Ontario Naturalists and Long Point Bird Observatory. 165 pp.

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Dunn, Erica H. and David J. Agro. 1995. Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/147 Herkert, J.R. 1991. An ecological study of the breeding birds of grassland habitats within Illinois. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 112 pp. Hejl, S.J., J.A. Holmes, and D.E. Kroodsma. 2002. Winter Wren (Troglodtyes troglodytes). In Poole, A., and F. Gill, eds. The birds of North America, No. 623. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc. 31 pp. Naylor, B. J., J. A. Baker, D. M. Hogg, J. G. McNicol and W. R. Watt. 1996. Forest Management Guidelines for the Provision of Pileated Woodpecker Habitat. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Management Branch, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 26 pp. Page, A.M., and M.D. Cadman. 1994. Status report on the Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens in Canada. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 27 pp Robbins, C.S. 1979. Effect of forest fragmentation on bird populations. Pp. 198-212 in DeGraaf, R.M., and K.E. Evans, eds. Management of northcentral and northeastern forests for nongame birds. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NC-51. 268 pp. Sandilands. A. 2005. Birds of Ontario. Habitat Requirements, Limiting Factors and Status. UBC Press.

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Appendix D Plant List

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Appendix D: Plant List Vascular plant species recorded in the Progress Site Investigation Area (June 7, 2019)

Latin Name Common Name Coefficient of Wetness Wetland Weediness Provincial OMNR COSEWIC TRCA Conservatism Index Plant Index Status Status Status Status Species Dicotyledons Dicots ------Apocynaceae Dogbane Family ------Cynanchum sp. Swallow-wart ------Balsaminaceae Balsam Family ------Impatiens capensis spotted jewelweed 4 -3 I - S5 - - X Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family ------Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle - 3 - -3 SE5 - - X Fagaceae Beech Family ------Quercus rubra Red Oak 6 3 - - S5 - - X Lythraceae Loosestrife Family ------Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife - -5 I -3 SE5 - - X Oleaceae Olive Family ------Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash 3 -3 T S4 X Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family ------Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn - 3 T -3 SE5 - - X Salicaceae Willow Family ------Populus tremuloides trembling aspen - 0 T - S5 - - X Salix sp. Willow species ------Sapindaceae Maple Family ------Acer negundo Manitoba Maple 0 -2 T - S5 - - X Acer saccharinum silver maple 5 -3 I - S5 - - X Ulmaceae Elm Family ------Ulmus americana white elm 3 -2 T - S5 - - X Ulmus pumila Siberian elm - 5 - -1 SE3 - - X Vitaceae Grape Family ------Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape 0 -2 - - S5 - - X

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Latin Name Common Name Coefficient of Wetness Wetland Weediness Provincial OMNR COSEWIC TRCA Conservatism Index Plant Index Status Status Status Status Species MONOCOTYLEDONS MONOCOTS ------Poaceae Grass Family ------Phalaris arundinacea arundinacea reed canarygrass 0 -4 T - S5 - - X Poa sp. Grass sp. ------

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Appendix E Wildlife List Field

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Appendix E: Wildlife List Wildlife recorded in the Progress Site Investigation Area during 2019 Field Investigations

Common Name Scientific Name Ontario Status Cossaro Status Cosewic Status Trca Status Mallard Anas platyrhynchos S5 NAR NAR - Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis S5B,S4N NAR NAR - Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus S5B NAR NAR - Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica S4B THR THR - European Starling Sturnus vulgaris SNA NAR NAR - House Sparrow Passer domesticus SNA NAR NAR - Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis S5 NAR NAR - Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus S4 NAR NAR - Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula S5B NAR NAR - Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia S5B NAR NAR -

COSSARO: Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario COSEWIC: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada S1: Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled in the province (often 5 or fewer occurrences) S2: Imperiled—Imperiled in the province, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), S3: Vulnerable—Vulnerable in the province, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer) S4: Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare S5: Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in the province SNA: Not applicable—Conservation status rank not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. S#B- Breeding status rank S#N- Non Breeding status rank END: Endangered THR: Threatened SC: Special Concern NAR: Not At Risk

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Appendix F Habitat Suitability Assessment for Significant Species Identified in Background Review

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Appendix F: Habitat Suitability Assessment for Significant Species

Species Species S-Rank COSEWIC COSSARO Habitat Description Suitable habitat Species recorded Carried over to identified in present in Site during site Impact background Investigation investigations Assessment review - Group Area

Plant Butternut (Juglans S3? END END Commonly found in a variety of habitats y n n cinerea) including woodlands and hedgerows ideal habitat includes rich, moist, and well- drained soils often found along streams, but may also be found on well-drained gravel sites, particularly those made of limestone. Intolerant of shade and occurs singly or in small groups with a variety of associates. Plant Red Mulberry S2 END END Occurs in moist forests habitats including y n n (Morus rubra) river valleys, floodplains, swales, sandspits, and slopes of the Niagara Escarpment. Insect Monarch (Danaus S4B, S2N SC SC Found primarily wherever milkweed and n n n plexippus) wildflowers (including goldenrods, asters and purple loosestrife) exist. The Larvae occur only where milkweed exists; adults are more generalized, feeding on a variety of wildflower nectar. This includes abandoned farmland, along roadsides, and other open spaces where these plants grow Birds Bank Swallow S4B THR-NS THR Nests in a wide variety of naturally and n n n (Riparia riparia) anthropogenically created vertical banks, which often erode and change over time including aggregate pits and the shores of large lakes and rivers. Birds Barn Swallow S4B THR THR Prefers farmland; lake/river shorelines; y n n (Hirundo rustica) wooded clearings; urban populated areas; rocky cliffs; and wetlands. They nest inside or outside buildings; under bridges and in road culverts; on rock faces and in caves etc. Birds Chimney Swift S4B THR THR Historically found in deciduous and n n n (Chaetura coniferous, usually wet forest types, all pelagica) with a well-developed, dense shrub layer;

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now most are found in urban areas in large uncapped chimneys Birds Common S4B THR SC Generally, prefer open, vegetation- free n n n Nighthawk habitats, including dunes, beaches, (Chordeiles minor) recently harvested forests, burnt-over areas, logged areas, rocky outcrops, rocky barrens, grasslands, pastures, peat bogs, marshes, lakeshores, and river banks. This species also inhabits mixed and coniferous forests. Can also be found in urban areas (nest on flat roof-tops). Birds Eastern S4B THR THR Generally, prefers grassy pastures, n n n Meadowlark meadows and hay fields, but may also (Sturnella magna) nest in park-like settings. Nests are always on the ground and usually hidden in or under grass clumps. Mammals Little Brown Myotis S4 END END Overwintering habitat: Caves and mines n n n (Myotis lucifugus) that remain above 0 degrees Celsius; Maternal Roosts: Often associated with buildings (attics, barns etc.). Occasionally found in trees (25-44 cm dbh). Mammal Northern Myotis S3? END END Roosts in colonies in tree cavities in a n n n (Myotis wide variety of deciduous and coniferous septentrionalis) forest stands. Little is known about the effect of tree density on maternity roost selection for this species, but bats tend to avoid large open areas. Small forest gaps, such as over streams or ponds, are used for foraging. Mammal Tri coloured Bat S3? END END Roosts in colonies in tree cavities in a n n n (Perimyotis wide variety of deciduous and coniferous subflavus) forest stands. Little is known about the effect of stand composition on maternity roost selection for this species, but it is strongly associated with forest watercourses and streamside vegetation.

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