February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5445

EXTENSIONS O ~F REMARKS

OUR NATIONAL EPIDEMIC There may be violence towards others or one­ RESOLUTION self. Sexual freedom may be another form We, Lithuanian Americans of the State of of acting out, in which only during the act Arizona, assembled this 11th of February, of love can the person feel a sense of belong­ 1973 in Phoenix to commemorate the 55th HON. BILL ALEXANDER ing and lessen the feeling of isolation. For OF ARKANSAS anniversary of the restoration of Lithuania's others, sexual union is the acting 9ut of independence, protest-- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aggressive fantasies, and passing on venereal 1. The continuation of the forcible occupa­ Monday, February 26, 1973 disease is an aggressive act in disguise. tion and illegal annexation of the Republic other persons may abuse drugs as a form of Lithuania by the Soviet Union, which Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, in my of acting out or as an attempt to achieve a fact has been officially confirmed by the recent travels and visits to the high sense of belonging to a group, a subculture findings of the Select Committee on Com­ schools and junior highs in the First or a family of drug users. munist Aggression of the House of Repre­ Congressional District of Arkansas, I no­ Western society as a whole is drug oriented sentatives, 83rd Congress of the United if not actually drug addicted. No one is im­ States, ticed a growing interest in and awareness mune and no one can escape blame. of the drug problem by the students 2. The subjection of the Lithuanian people We have become intolerant of discomfort to alien subjugation, domination and ex­ themselves. While the use of drugs has and pain. We do not accept frustration, de­ ploitation which constitutes a denial of fun­ not reached the dimensions there that it pression and disappointment as part of every­ damental human rights, contrary to the has in other areas, an increasing number day life. We insist on instant solutions, and Charter of the United Nations, of secondary school students are daily we find it difficult to postpone gratification. 3. The colonization of the land by the Rus­ coming into contact with and experi­ The pharmaceutical industries have made sians and continuation of their efforts to enormous strides in the past 30 to 40 years, force to change the ethnic character of the menting with various types of drugs. Be­ and a number of "wonder chemicals" have cause of the students' interest and con­ population of Lithuania, thereby commit­ eliminated some diseases. By inference, we ting the offence of genocide, cern over this problem, I initiated a drug believe that eventually we will find chemical 4. The suppression of religious life in abuse conference in which 175 students, answers to all human and social problems. Lithuania by c.losing the churches and per­ PTA members, teachers, and counselors We have invented for ourselves a life style secution and jailing of priests for religious from various parts of the First District for whioh neither the human body nor the instruction of youth. participated. human mind was designed; and we use We demand that the Soviet Union shall chemicals to cope with the unpleasant side withdraw its armed forces, administrative ap­ We were fortunate to have as our key­ effects of this life. note speaker, Dr. John Buckman, asso­ paratus and the imported colonists from The chemical has become the companion, Lithuania, thus permitting the Lithuanian ciate professor of psychiatry at the Uni­ the panacea but also the instrument of self­ people to freely exercize their sovereign versity of Virginia School of Medicine. deception and the executioner. It also has rights, Dr. Buckman, a British citizen who is a been a means of expression of individual mis­ We respectfully express our gratitude to native of Poland, is a member of the Gov­ ery and group confiict. We use chemicals to the United States Government for the non· ernor's council on narcotics and drug combat illness, to prolong life, to kill, to pro­ recognition of the Soviet occupation and an­ mote a feeling of belonging and also to docu­ nexation of Lithuania, abuse in the area of social aspects of drug ment the claim of being different. We use abuse. He is the author of over 20 articles We respectfully request President Nixon to them to proclaim our freedom and at the direct the attention of world opinion at the for various medical journals. I, along same time become slaves. We use them to be­ United Nations and of the other appropriate with the other participants in the con­ come more aware and sensitiv-e, but also to international forums on behalf of the res­ ference learned much from Dr. Buckman numb and to exclude reality. We use them to toration of sovereign rights CYf the Baltic and in the next 3 days, I would like to punish others by provoking guilt, but we also people which policy was recommended to the share some of his research findings with use them to be ca.ught and punished by pro­ President of the United States by the House you: voking anger. Concurrent Resolution 416 of the 89th Con­ But the use of drugs has other, deeper, gress, [From the Washington Star and News, more primitive and less well understood July 16, 1972] We urgently request our Government to meanings. Symbolically the drug is a magical make all possible efforts to have Simas Ku­ OUR NATIONAL EPIDEMIC substance, often deeply desired but also dirka returned to this country with his (By Dr. John Buckman) feared. It is desired for its nutritious and family. healing properties because often it reduces The copies of this resolution shall be The individual, family and social problems pain, hunger, anxiety and anger. of the postwar era are crystalizing into three mailed to President Richard M. Nixon, Secre­ By the use of forbidden drugs, some of our tary of State William P. Rogers, to both Sen­ \najor reactions in the 70s: violence, soelal early fantasies of omnipotence are revived. disease and drug abuse. ators and all the Members of Congress from We are tempted to see "if we can handle it"­ the State of Arizona and the Press. The postwar generation in the western or we play Russian roulette. world, born into great enlightenment and Drugs are being used to continue the wealth, has become more aware of some over­ pole.riz81tion between the young and the old, whelming problems such as the population the "haves" and the "have nots" and the explosion, pollution, starvation in the midst establlshmen·t and the disenfranchised. OPPOSITION TO HEW-LABOR of plenty and international tension. There is no simple solution. What is needed CONTINUING RESOLUTION The wealthy often have found themselves is more understanding of the individual and morally and intellectually bankrupt. The social reasons for drug abuse as well as young see themselves as disenfranchised and greater knowledge about drugs themselves. alienated. The poor have found further justi­ HON. MARVIN L. ESCH fication for refusing to work for slave wages OF XYCHIGAN and escaped into increasing the size of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES family as a means of welfare support and protection against extermination. FIFTY-FIFI'H ANNIVERSARY OF Monday, February 26, 1973 Individual and international paranoia has LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, last week I increased with families and nations escalat­ ing their armaments. cast my vote against passing the HEW­ In short, for a number of poorly under­ HON. BARRY GOLDWATER Labor continuing resolution because I stood reasons, the promised age of plenty OF ARIZONA was afraid that there were many among has brought with its dawn the fear of hydro­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES us who, in the haste of passing this leg­ gen bomb extermination, fragmentation of islation, had little idea what the conse­ the nuclear family and a growing inability to Monday, February 26, 1973 quences were. It is my firm belief that a cope with individual and group aggressive Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I better course of action would have been impulses. ask unanimous consent that a resolution to pass a 30- or 60-day resolution, to give All this is documented by the increase in the Congress time to think about what self-destructive behavior and other attempts framed by the Lithuanian Americans of to deal with the uncontrolled and uncon­ the State of Arizona be inserted in the it was doing. trollable impulses by what is called acting Extensions of Remarks. Mr. Speaker, it is clear that now that out--activity which serves to diminish ten­ There being no objection, the resolu­ this resolution has passed, it is very pos­ sion produced by psychological pain. tion was ordered to be printed in the sible that those programs which have This acting out may take many forms. RECORD, as follows: been zero funded in the President's 1974 5446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 budget proposals will be arbitrarily ter­ LEGISLATION TO EXPAND THE AD­ of one of America's oldest forms of gov­ minated at the end of this fiscal year. At VISORY COMMISSION ON INTER­ ernment. The great value of townships is the same time, it is highly unlikely that GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS reflected in Thomas Jefferson's descrip­ the Congress will have developed legis­ tion of them as "pure and elementary lation for the next fiscal year. What republics." Townships keep decisionmak­ Congress has done in passing this reso­ HON. TOM RAILSBACK ing close to home, insuring greater citi­ lution, is to have prejudged programs OF ILLINOIS zen oontrol over government services in education and labor for the next fiscal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which most closely touch their lives. year without making any effort whatso­ Monday, February 26, 1973 We hear so much today about the ever to develop any orderly procedure alienation of citizens from ,their govern­ wherein proper analysis and decision­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I am ment, their frustrations over govern­ making on priorities can take place. pleased to join Congressman BROWN of ment's seeming inability to sense and To me, this has represented the height Ohio in sponsoring legislation to expand respond to their needs, and citizens' in­ of irresponsibility. the Advisory Commission on Intergov­ creasing dissatisfaction as the centers of Mr. Speaker, I concur with the Presi­ ernmental Relations from 26 to 30 mem­ power move farther from their own dent that this country recognizes a bers, and to include elected school board neighborhoods. It is especially important spending limitation; but Mr. Speaker, by officials and elected town and township then that we maintain and strengthen taking this action the Congress has ad­ officials. Such a bill will ensure the rep­ grassroots units of local governments mitted to itself that it cannot bear the resentation of the two groups of dedi­ such as town and townships. The Advi­ responsibility for doing so. cated public officials who have hereto­ sory Commission frequently makes policy This hasty action raises a second, fore been neglected. decisions regarding the structure and or­ equally important, concern. Many of the In Illinois, there are at least 8,000 per­ ganization of local government units. We departments and agencies will be un­ sons who serve as public officials on must guarantee that the town and town­ dergoing major and fundamental local school boards. They have respon­ ship officials have a voice in these de­ .changes during the next 2 years, and sibility over 200,000 employees and cisions. My bill will do this. the country will see an extensive re­ _.2,300,000 students, and approximately Mr. Speaker, passage of the legisla­ structuring of delivery systems. We 20 percent of the State's annual budget. tion I am sponsoring with Congressman should have been more careful to develop Yet, despite their responsibility, Illinois BROWN will enhance the credibility of an orderly and smooth transition period. school board officials-as well as school the Advisory Commission's recommen­ The arbitrary stopping of funds at the board officials from other States-are not represented on the Advisory Com­ dations and policies. It will also increase end o~ this fiscal year on some programs the value of the work of this excellent I believe will be contrary to past inter­ mission on Intergovernmental Relations. organization. I urge immediate and fa­ ests of effective management practices. Mr. Speaker, the education of our vorable action. I am hopeful that my colleagues will young people has always been a matter recognize the need for more care in the of deep concern to Americans, but in future. recent months a number of events have thrust education even further into the M. WALLACE RUBIN ELECTED 1973 spotlight as a topic of national debate PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL HOME AN OUTSTANDING GENTLEMAN and interest. Com::t decisions questioning FURNISHINGS ASSOCIATION the traditional methods of financing edu­ cation have given impetus of a growing HON. E de Ia GARZA debate over the quality of education in · HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO OF CONNECTICUT OF TEXAS the United States, the appropriate re­ sponsibilities of the various levels of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government, and the sources of funds Monday, February 26, 1973 for financing education. Monday, February 26, 1973 Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, a friend Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, the Last mont!l, the Advisory Commission retirement of Mel Laird as Secretary of on Intergovernmental Relations pre­ and constituent, Mr. M. Wallace Rubin, Defense focuses attention once again on sented its report, "Financing Schools has been elected 1973 president of the a man who served with distinction in the and Property Tax Relief-a State Re­ 10,000-member National Home Furnish­ House before being called to fill one of sponsibility." While I believe this report ings Association. I take this opportunity the highest offices in the executive is worthy of merit, it is unfortunate that to congratulate him. branch of the Government. elected school board members-who will Wally Rubin is a conscientious and be affected by the important policy de­ hard-working businessman. President of That Mel has many, many friends in Wayside Furniture Shops of Milford, this body is no secret. The gentleman cisions-had no direct representation, and that the members of the Advisory Conn., his business is the largest retail from Wisconsin has a knack of making Commission, as they considered various home-working operation in my State friends wherever he goes. Distinguished questions, did not have full access to the and reflects the very finest merchandis- by his affable smile and unfailing con­ views and the expertise of the school ing in retailing. . sideration of others, he is the kind of board members. The legislation I am co­ In his acceptance speech, Rubin stated friend any man would be proud to have. sponsoring will ensure that the interests his business philosophy: His outstanding ability is clear to all of education are fully represented in fu­ I happen to run my own business on the who know him or have seen him in ac­ ture Commission proceedings. The bill philosophy that you can't have any long­ term profit wilthout perpetual service. I have tion. A leader in the House, he never would add two members to the commis­ always been willing to give up short-term neglected the needs of the people he rep­ sion, who would be appointed by the profit to provide customer services. That resented. He contributed to the dignity President from a panel of at least four same philosophy will govern my tenure as and effectiveness of this body, being to elected school board officials submitted your President. The challenge will be to my mind a shining example of what a by the National School Boards Associa­ profit while serving-but we will serve. Congressman should be like. He con­ tion. Rubin became Wayside president in tinued this dedicated service as a mem­ This legislation also provides for the 1966, succeeding his father who founded ber of the Cabinet and in most trying addition of two new members to the the business in 1928. Rubin has served as circumstances in the Defense Depart­ Commission, to be appointed by the president of the Milford Chamber of President from a panel of at least four Commerce, and is a board member of the ment he, in his quiet unassuming man­ elected town and township officials sub­ ner, again proved his ability to lead and distribution education programs for mitted by the National Association of both Milford and the State of Connecti­ modernize the Government to best serve Towns and Township Officials. In 1967, cut, and the United Fund. Prior to his the needs of the people. there were 17,105 townships in 21 States. election as NHFA president, he has As he leaves Government service, at While townships vary greatly in the served the home furnishings industry in least for the time being, I know that all scope of their governmental powers and many capacities including membership Members join in wishing him satisfac­ operations, they all have one thing in on the Home Furnishings Council, repre­ tion and success in his future endeavors. common: They continue the traditions sentative to the American Retail Fed- February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5447' eration, and chairman of NHFA's I( the Impact Aid Program is cut back my congratulations and best wishes to Government Affairs Committee. without the institution of an adequate sub­ Mr. stitute many school systems in Virginia, in­ Donald W. Hurrelbrink, of 1115 cluding the Fairfax County system, will face Perkinswood Avenue, Warren, Ohio. On financial disaster. Because of the phenomenal February 19, Mr. Hurrelbrink was A GUEST EDITORIAL growth rate of Fairfax County, where the honored by the Freedoms Foundation as population has jumped from 96,611 at the the 1972 recipient of the George Wash­ time the Impact Aid Program was begun to ington Award, which is the highest honor HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS more than 527,000 at present, the county bestowed upon an individual by the school system is already operating under foundation. He received the award dur­ OF VmGINIA great strain. The loss of Impact Aid Program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing ceremonies at the Valley Forge Mili­ funds a.t this time just cannot be tolerated. tary Academy in Valley Forge, Pa. Wit­ Monday, February 26, 1973 The fight to keep these funds must be fought on several fronts, but the initial effort nessing the ceremonies were Mr. Hurrel­ Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, the subject began this week before the General Educa­ brink's two daughters, Mrs. Donna Pate of Federal aid to impacted areas is of tion Subcommittee of the House Committee and Miss Janet Hurrelbrink, a sixth­ great concern to me and to my constitu­ on Education and Labor which held hearings grade teacher at Emerson School, Don­ ents. Probably no single proposal before on the matter. In my testimony before the na's husband, Lee, principal of Horace subcommittee, I pointed out that communi­ Mann School, and the Pate's three Congress will affect the Eighth Congres­ ties which have a. high number of federal sional District of Virginia as much as the instanations or federal employees are con­ children. plan to curtail this much needed pro­ stantly under the gun because of on-again A native of Toledo, Hurrelbrink gram and virtually wipe out this revenue off-again threats of the loss of federal rev­ studied at Dana Musical Institute, War­ which is badly needed by all school dis­ enue. I pointed out that these threats a.re ren, and the Cincinnati Conservatory of tricts involved in the education of chil­ even more disturbing because they always Music. He began teaching in 1930, and dren of Federal employees. come in the middle of a school year after the for 17 years taught music in five dif­ education funds in question a.re already ferent school systems in Ohio. He retired I have talked with many of my col­ committed. leagues about the need for retaining this I advised the subcommittee that I cannot in May 1971, after serving as band di­ revenue for local school districts, but to a.nd will not support a.ny curtailment of the rector at Austintown Fitch High School further explain the facts in this case I Impact Aid Program unless other funds have for 24 years. He continues to direct the would like to insert into the RECORD a been made available to local school systems. Warren junior military band, which has guest editorial on this important subject To do otherwise would place a.n unbearable won 20 national military championships which I wrote this past week for publica­ burden on the backs of the individual tax­ and was awarded the Freedoms Founda­ payer. I a.m confident many responsible con­ tion's George Washington Honor Medal tion in the Springfield Independent: gressional leaders share my views in this [From the Springfield (Va.) Independent, matter. in the community programs category. Feb. 22, 1973] Further hearings on the Impact Aid Pro­ Under the direction of Hurrelbrink the A GUEST EDITORIAL gram will be held later this month by the Warren band received internationai ac­ ('By U.S. Representative STAN PARRIS) Subcommittee on Labor, Health, Education claim during its 1971 good will musical a.nd Welfare of the House Committee on Ap­ tour of six European countries. Since the federal income tax was first propriations. I intend to testify a.t those written into law in 1913, Congress has taken The Freedoms Foundation selected hearings as well and I have invited several Hurrelbrink for "exemplifying the mean­ many actions which have directly affected county officials to join me in this testimony. the amount of taxes paid by residents of There are those who believe the general Rev­ ing of honesty, sincerity, hard work, and Fairfax County and of Virginia. However, enue Sharing Plan which passed the previous pride, and for instilling the values of in my opinion, none of these actions had Congress was to replace, in part, the Impact sportsmanship, teamwork, and love of as much potential for disaster, especially for Aid Program. This has never been my under­ country among young bandsmen." The residents of Fairfax County, as a proposal standing and it is not the understanding of foundation also cited his "43 years of now before Congress to virtually eliminate the county officials with whom I have talked. dedicated and tireless service, and his the Impact Aid Program. I am hopeful our testimony before this sub­ The Impact Aid Program was begun in sterling principles of loyalty and integ­ committee can clear up this erroneous im­ rity." Members of the Warren junior 1950. Its purpose is to offset, by direct pay­ pression. ments to school districts, the "impact" of In addition to these efforts I am a. co­ military band as well as other groups federal installations and large numbers of sponsor of legislation which has been intro­ under his supervision have been inspired children of federal employees. Under this duced and, if enacted, would allow for direct by the high moral character and patriotic program in 1972 the school districts in Vir­ federal payments to local governments in lieu zeal of their outstanding leader. ginia received $33.9 millipn. Fairfax County of taxes on federal property located within Mr. Speaker, we are proud to have Mr. received $11.9 million, or more than a third their jurisdiction. If my colleagues and I are Donald W. Hurrelbrink and his family of the state total which was the highest in unable to save the Impact Aid Program as it the nation per capita. now exists I am hopeful we will be able to as residents of our community. The total amount of federal mon~y dis­ institute an alternate program which will tributed to school districts across the nation provide local school systems with the needed by this program last year was $415 million. funds. The proposal now before Congress would re­ You, as a. taxpayer, have a. direct interest ESTHER WALKER HONORED duce this amount to $41.5 m1llion. The in this matter because in the long run it is amount of money received by Fairfax County you who will pa.y the bill no matter what is almost 10 percent of the county's budget course is chosen. It is my opinion that, be­ HON. DON EDWARDS and if sharply cut back would almost cer­ cause of the large amount of funds paid di­ OF CALIFORNIA tainly result in an increase in the amount rectly to Fairfax County, your position will of taxes which you pay. be more secure if we can continue with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The attempt to curtail the Impact Aid Impact Aid Program or with a program that Monday, February 26, 1973 Program this year was originated by the provides an equal amount of federal revenue. Nixon Administration; however, it is not a. If you, as my constituent, a.re able to corre­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. question of partisanship since both President spond with me directly, your views in this Speaker, on March 16, 1973, the Heritage Johnson and President Kennedy also tried matter would be greatly appreciated. Please Section of the city of Santa Clara ad­ to curtail the program. It is a question of address your letter to U.S. Rep. Stan Parris, visory committee will honor Esther where and how the President can best cut 509 Cannon Office Building, Washington, D.C. Walker, women's editor of the San Jose federal spending and, make no mistake Sibout 20515. Mercury-News and as I cannot person­ it, federal spending must be cut if we a.re to have a.ny hope of checking inflation, of ally be present on this happy occasion, holding the line against higher prices and DONALD W. HURRELBRINK, OF I take this opportunity to add my voice higher taxes. WARREN, OHIO, RECEIVES FREE­ to the many others who will participate Through the years the Federal Government DOMS FOUNDATION AWARD in the program at the historic Jameson­ ha.s piled commission on top of commission, Brown House at Triton Museum in Santa agency on top of agency, so that now we Clara. are saddled with an overlapping, overstuffed HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY OF OHIO Mr. Speaker, Esther Walker is an out­ bureaucracy which spends your tax dollars standing example of an American who both fl."eely a.nd frequently. There are literally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has distinguished herself in her chosen hundreds of areas where funds can be cut Monday, February 26, 1973 without increasing the burden of taxes which career and through it, has directly af­ you pay. But the Impact Aid Program is not Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I fected millions of people during her quar­ one of these areas. want to take this opportunity to extend ter centw-y plus of reporting. In addition, 5448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 as a private citizen she has been a valu­ Presidents of the United States. Yet she Joyce Maynard and her generation able community resource, always ready was saddened by the recent passings of have been cheated by our educational for participation in local movements for Presidents Truman and Johnson. system which has failed to transmit the the benefit of the eommunity. A merry, tranquil person, Phoebe culture and values of our Western civil­ Although not an outright exponent of Drumm is enormously appreciative of ization and of our Judea-Christian tradi­ women's liberation, Ms. Walker's stated every kindness extended to her. And tion. This generation sought answers goal is to show women doing things, they are many, for she embodies that from their parents and their teachers to rather than to portray them as mere wonderful optimistic philosophy of the ultimate qustions about life's mean­ socialites. Her high standards along this Robert Browning's: ing and purpose. Too often, all they re­ line have set an example for the whole Grow old along with me! ceived was the radical chic pronounce­ community. Providing vigorous and en­ The best is yet to be, ments of men and women who could do thusiastic support and publicity for a host The last of life, for which the first was made. little more than condemn their country, of volunteer efforts, she has been instru­ their tradition and, in effect, themselves, mental in the success of many worth­ and had nothing_affi.rmative to give. while community projects. Typical of her Youthful nihilism, however, even as down-to-earth, objective approach to SEARCHING FOR SAGES a reaction to modern liberalism, is as news, while student riot& were taking dangerous as middle-aged skepticism. place on campuses across the Nation, she The frenzy of the 1960's has, hopefully, chose to publish pictures of local students HON. PHILIP M. CRANE come to an end. Perhaps the search for participating in a blood drive. Similar­ OF ILLINOIS meaning and values will return to a more ly, with respect to fashion reporting­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constructive path. her first love-she is always up-to-date, Monday, February 26, 1973 I wish to share with my colleagues the but never flighty or faddish. thoughtful article by Joyce Maynard While Ms. Walker has received many Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, if any event which appeared in Newsweek magazine awards, from national fashion organiza­ remains singular about 1972 it is the fact of December 25, 1972, and insert it into tions, from Beta Sigma Phi, and from that American intellectuals have been the RECORD at this time: shown to have been completely out of other well-known groups, I feel that the SEARCHING FOR SAGES honor she is receiving from the advisory touch with the reality of their own so­ ciety. (By Joyce Maynard) committee is most appropriate for it rec­ Just about every suburban-born, college­ ognizes and appreciates what she has All through the 1960's it was popular to bred boy I know has a. hitch-hiking story contributed, daily and unceasingly, to say that America was on the verge of about "this real grea.t truck driver" he met, making our area an interesting and chal­ revolution. Student rioters and demon­ the kind of salt-of-the-earth, naturaJ man, lenging place to live and work. strators met with little opposition on the who hasn't read a. book in twenty years but part of college administrators and fac­ who, his hitch-hiking passengers tell me, ulty members. Somehow, these acade­ "knows what it's all Sibout." He's usually micians thought that the demonstrators called Joe or Red, this potato- and beef­ represented the wave of the future. hauling Everyman, and his life's a llttJ.e A 100TH BIRTHDAY FOR PHOEBE tragic: he sleeps in the CSib of his truck and THEREASA DRUMM Intellectuals who had placed their spends Christmas on the road, staring out at faith in the world of politics, in creating colored lights blinking through frosted a heaven on earth through social pro­ windows (he's something of a. poet too, Red HON. CHARLES H. WILSON grams and economic reforms, had no is) but, tough as it is, his life is simple, OF CALIFORNIA belief in enduring standards-even in honest, free. He is a philosopher of the road who has given the boy-because this boy is IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES standards of form, such as majority rule and a belief in free speech. Thus, when special-some parting nugget of Truth as he Monday, February 26, 1973 student radicals stormed the barricades lets him out at Exit 1 for New Haven or Exit 23 for Cambridge, some words of wisdom Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali­ of civility and of academic freedom, the the boy now impa.rts to me, ove!l.' coffee and fornia. Mr. Speaker, Henri F. Amiel said: intellectuals had no defenses. Instead, deeply inhaled non-filter cigarettes in the To know how to grow old is the master­ many joined in the attack which, al­ campus grill. I don't mean to sound lofty. work of wisdom, and one of the most dif­ though they didn't realize it was, an I've met my unionized Polonius too and left ficult chapters in the grea.t art of living. attack upon themselves. him convinced at le1'1.St for a. ha.lf hour that Phoebe Thereasa Drumm, of Gardena, That they did not understand the po­ what he's told me (Life is like pizza . . . litical feelings of the American people Love is a. merry-go-round ...) was more Calif., celebrating her 100th birthday on profound than anything I'd got at school, March 16 of this year, oan look back on was evident with the results of the No­ a life lived in wisdom and joy. Born in vember election. More important than TRIVIA Grossbeck, Ohio, in 1873, Miss Drumm is this, however, is the fact that they did We're all in sea.rch of sages-my genera­ the lone survivor of the five children not understand what young people were tion in particular. Information surrounds us. really trying to say. Facts about the number of North Viet­ born to Caroline and Jacob Drumm, Sr. namese dead and grams of ca.rbohydra.te in Her childhood and teen years were Joyce Maynard, who is 19 and has Rice Krispies and points lost on the stock spent in Mount Healthy, Ohio-surely a written a book which will soon be pub­ exchange and figures on TV-star divorces Me good omen-and she received her teach­ lished, discusses the moral relativism and dr1lled into us like lists of vocabulary words er's certificate at age 18. However, she attack on values which she and her gen­ for college boards. Oh, the new trend in edu­ chose to forgo a career in education to eration endured at the hands of our cation, while we were in school, leaned to­ modern, liberal intellectuals. ward "concepts" and away from what were expand her horizons as a traveling sec­ called "specifics." Vagueness-we called it retary with a stocks and bonds com­ Writing in Newsweek magazine, she bullshitting-was often easy on our high pany. Her travels led her to Los Angeles, discusses the renewed religious interest school essay-question exams. But in spite and she has resided in Gardena fQr the of the young. She writes: of the generalities we met with at school, past 20 years. Through her active work Now ... Jesus has come out of the closet. there was a. feeling of being over-whelmed with the United Methodist Church there, The disenchanted and the ones never en­ by details. she has made a great contribution to her chanted in the first place are returning to Every succeeding generation has just that the fold with a pa.sslon their once-a.-week re­ many more years of history to study-more community. ligious parents never possessed. It is a. sign of Presidents, more planets (Pluto had not yet Although Miss Drumm has been con­ many things: An attempt to purify the spirit, been discovered when my parents were in fined to a Gardena convalescent center to be drenched in holy waters after a. drug­ school. Neither had DNA). We were bom­ since she fractured her hip last year, this filled adolescence ... What's really going on, barded outside the classroom most of all by mishap has not dulled her appreciation though, in the Jesus Movement is our search, a. media-bl1tz of magazines, TV sets and car of life. Her many visitors report that, for a. prophet, for someone who can, for a. radios. (Only when they are turned off do we with a twinkle in her eye, she tells them: change, tell us the answers. (The big line I notice they've been on.) A whole new area I'm pretty good and thank God I'm as well remember from our school days was, "There of expertise has been developed-some day it as! am. is no one right answer. What's your opin­ wlll be a college major: the field of trivia.. TV ion?") After so many profound facts and game shows, awarding cars and minks and Her mind is constantly active, and she so much loose, undisciplined freedom, it's garbage compa.cters to the ones who know delights 1n singing the alphabet in re­ comforting to have a creed to follow and a. the most cereal-box-type information, have verse and reciting the names of all the cross to bear. glorified it :for us. Watching those shows, February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5449 singing along with the car radio (I can recite giggle, Jesus has come out of the closet. The period we were very, very close. The Presi­ the ads, even), I am amazed to discover how disenchanted and the ones never enchanted dent kept me informed at all times. I sat much I know, without knowing I knew it. I in the flrst place are returning to the fold ln on meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, answer bonus questions without thinking, with a passion their once-a-week religious at the President's invitation; and I was con­ like the reincarnated Bridie Murphy speak­ parents never possessed. It is a sign of many stantly briefed by the President on matters ing in a dialect she claimed she'd never things: an attempt to purify the spirit, to be of concern." heard. drenched in holy waters after a drug-fllled McCormack added: "Of course we were al­ All of which cannot help but clutter the adolescence, a form of the new nostalgia, ways very close well before that time. We mind. It's an unscientific notion that, like even-almost camp. What's really going on, were f'flends in the House and Senate, and a cupboard, the brain has only so many though, in the Jesus movement is our search we would talk over legislation of importance, shelves before things start to crowd and fall for a prophet, for someone who can, for a such as the Civil Rights Bill.'! out, but I often get the feeling that I haven't change, tell us the answers. (The big line I Mr. Johnson, McCormack and the late Sam space left to spread out my thoughts and see remember from our school days was, "There Rayburn, a lifelong friend to the Johnson what I have. Loose links clanking in my is no one right answer. What's your opin­ family in Texas and Speaker of the House head, and no chain. I long for--capital W­ ion?") After so many unprofound facts and before McCormack, were constant compan­ Wisdom. We all do. I think. Teachers were so much loose, undisciplined freedom, it's ions in Washington during Rayburn's te!l"ms rarely funds of knowledge for us; they sel­ comforting to have a creed to follow and a of office. dom knew more than what the textbooks cross to bear. "The friendship between the three of us taught, keeping one step ahead, reading the was very, very close," McCormack said last chapters the day before they were assigned. night. Parents, cautioned in the age of permisalve­ He remembered the flrst meeting between ness nort to overburden with advice, and con­ NEWS TRIBUTES TO LYNDON Rayburn and Mr. Johnson: fused themselves, sometimes to the point of BAINES JOHNSON "The President told me this story," McCor­ despair, could give little. The venerable God mack said, "while he (Mr. JohnsOn) was sick died in our youth. (I stlll remember the in the hospital once, an earlier sickness than cover of Time magazine one week-rs GOD his heart attacks . . . he was unconscious at DEAD?; the phrase and the notion were brand­ HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. one time. On the day he woke up, there was new then, and though he'd never been alive OF MASSACHUSETTS a man sitting beside him, beside his bed, and for me in the first place, the idea of his the man was half asleep himself with a cig­ death, the death of one of the few existing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arette in his hand-the cigarette all burned sages--even a mythical one-disturbed me.) Monday, February 26, 1973 out. Indeed, so many of our childhood authority "His eyes were closed . . . this is what figures made a point of not being profound, Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, Lyndon Lyndon told me. 'When I woke up,' the Presi­ wary of being laughed at for seriousness by Baines Johnson, a leader of unshakable dent told me, 'this man beside my bed woke what they took to be a sharp, tough, un­ courage and personal integrity, launched up too. I said: Who are you? The man looked sentimental bunch of smart-aleck cynics. our Nation on a course of sweeping at me and said, I'm Sam Rayburn. I served TEACHERS domestic reform, but foundered on the in the Texas Assembly with your father. He war in Vietnam. Now, he belongs to the was my closest friend.' Actually, we weren't that way at all. My " 'If I had a son who was sick in another contemporaries surprise me with what is at ages, yet his monumental domestic city, your father would be by my son's bed­ times their mushiness-their damp-eyed achievements will endure to posterity. side. And there was Sam Rayburn beside my reading of "Love Story," Kahill Gibran and President Lyndon Baines Johnson did bed.' Apparently, it was the flrst time they the thin best-selling books of Rod McKuen's not envision a good society; he enacted met," McCormack said. "I think it's a touch­ emaciated poetry; their rejection of their a program of social and economic prog­ ing story." parents' Muzak for a just-as-artificially­ McCormack also told of the last time he sweetened kind of pop; their trust in the ress that would create a Great Society in which all men were really equal; in talked with Mr. Johnson. "About three weeks occult and all things astrological, following ago," he said, "I called him, and he wasn't in, the dally horoscope with a faith they never which the aged would have proper medi­ and then he c~lled me back. We spoke for gave, when they were younger and regarded cal attention; in which the people would awhile, as we often do." The occasion was as more gullible, to fortune-cookie proph­ have more parks and open spaces for McCormack's 81st birthday. ecies and tea-leaf aphorisms. The absence recreation; in which the Government Last night McCormack said: "I am pro­ of true sages-men and women of deep sensi­ would take the lead to clean up air and foundly shocked to learn of the tragic death bll1ty-leads us to make false gods of rock water pollution; in which every Ameri­ of President Lyndon Baines Johnson. I extend poets and B-grade philosophers, injecting to Mrs. Johnson and his daughters my heart­ comic strips and children's books with sig­ can would have the essentials of life­ enough food, a decent home, and ade­ felt sympathy and sincere condolences in niflcance their authors never knew they had. their great loss and sorrow. LBJ was a great We, who so hated school, are in search now quate clothing. American President whose eminent role in of teachers. An apricot-robed, lotus-folded Though Lyndon Johnson's dreams of the criti~ moment of the world's history guru with a name U;K> long to fit on one line "wiping out poverty and social injustice and whose firm determination that peace and of a poster, an old man on a park bench were not brought to fruition in his life­ justice and honor should prevail in the world (with a beard if possible), a plain-talking, time, they were realistic goals. His many will insure his place in history. LBJ will no-nonsense Maine farmer with a pitchfork long be remembered, too, as a great legislator in his hand, the author of any slim volume accomplishments in domestic reform speak fully for themselves and have and as the President who advanced the cause of austere prose or poetry (the fewer words of civil rights more so than any other Ameri­ he writes, the more profound each one must taken their rightful place in the archives can. LBJ's contribution to the fleld of educa­ be)-we attend their words so abjectly, of our Nation. tion was the most remarkable contribution sometimes even literally sit at their feet, Mr. Speaker, I place in the RECORD the in history. · waiting for any crumb of what will pass as "t:nder his leadership greater advances wisdom to be offered us. following articles which appeared in the Boston Globe and Boston Herald Ameri­ were made in education than under all the CREED other Presidents since our country began. I remember a show-and-tell day when I can: This has been overlooked in my judgment, was in fourth grade. I brought in a potholder [From the Boston Globe, Jan. 23, 1973] and his achievement in this fleld should be I'd woven, someone displayed a sea nnemone JOHN McCORMACK REMINISCES ABOUT "A TRUE recognized. LBJ· despite some thoughts to and someone else explained the engine of his AND GREAT FRIEND" the contrary, had a dynamic and warm per­ model car, and one boy brought his rosary (By Lucinda Smith) sonality. He had a true sincerity in his be­ beads and his cruciflx and took from his lief, and he had an indomitable will. He led wallet a photograph of his priest and himself , John w. McCormack, former speaker of the American people strongly and surely in beside their church. We were all too stunned the House of Representatives, reminisced last an unbalanced world. LBJ was a leader who to laugh at flrst, but then the giggling night about Lyndon B. Johnson, his close belonged to the American people. Now he too, started, until we were all hiccupping and one friend for 36 years. like President Truman, belongs to the ages. girl had to run off to the bathroom without McCormack referred to Mr. Johnson as It is with deep emotion that I must say waiting for a pass, and even the teacher was "the President" and "Lyndon" as he told of that I have lost a true and great friend. smutng, because religion was something the years they spent together in Washington, America has lost a great leader." shameful, the soft underside some of us had, beginning in 1937 when Mr. Johnson took a but kept concealed. (Going to church was Texas congressional seat. [From the Boston Herald American, Jan. 23, OK, like going to Brownies. But to speak, as In 1964, for the flrst 14 months of Mr. 1973] Ralphie Leveque did, of loving God and of the Johnson's term after President Kennedy's YOUNGEST To HOLD POST: L. B. J. SKILLED blood of Christ, and Mary's tears and thorns death, McCormack was second in line for the SENATE LEADER and naUs-that seemed almost dirty.) Presidency. WASHINGTON.-Whatever the verdict of Now, whUe the fourthgraders might still McCormack last night said: "During that history on the Presidency o! Lyndon B. John- CXIX-345-Part 5 5450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 son, he will be remembered as one of the most United States and its ladies auxiliary without interference, freely express ideas to skilled leaders ever to serve in the senate. conducts a Voice of Democracy Contest. others while striving toward a better to­ He was elected minority floor leader by morrow. Senate Democrats in 1953 when he was 44, This year nearly 500,000 secondary school students participated in the contest The man in the coonskin cap saw that the yotJngest man ever chosen for the post. vision as he pushed through a virgin forest. He had served just four years in the Senate competing for the five national scholar­ The pioneers saw that vision as they drove and 12 in the House. ships which are awarded as the top their wagons over a high mountain pass. During the first year he sat across the prizes. First prize is a $10,000 scholar­ Statesmen saw this vision while they passed aisle from "Mr. Republican", Senate Majority ship, second prize is $5,000, third prize laws expanding civil Uberties. Soldiers died Leader Robert A. Taft, another giant in the is $3,500, fourth prize is $2,500, and the for this vision as they defended the rights history of Senate leadership. Taft died in the and dignity of mankind. summer of 1953. The Democrats regained con­ fifth prize is $1,500. The contest theme trol of Congress in the 1954 elections, and was "My Responsibility to Freedom.'' I envision free people asking, "What sacri­ The winning contestant from each fice can I make to further the future of Johnson served as majority leader during the Freedom?" last six years of the Republican Eisenhower State is brought to Washington, D.C., for administration. the final judging as guest of the Veterans This is my responsibllity to Freedom. To Johnson may have learned something from be like Meriwether Lewis, Daniel Webster, of Foreign Wars. The winning contestant and the unknown soldier and continue to Taft's mastery of the Senate, but he learned from Montana is Donald L. McCammon, more earlier as a protege of hi'3 fellow Texan, blaze the trail they began. I must envision Speaker Sam Rayburn, and the late President 530 Idaho, Helena, and I am pleased to all people grasping hands and working to­ Franklin D. Roosevelt. He had won White submit the following text of his speech: gether, building roads around the world to House favor as the only Roosevelt supporter MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM carry the lamp of freedom to all people. among a number of candidates running for a House vacancy in 1937. A bearded man walks beneath the green It was in 1955 that he repudiated a frag­ branches of a tree. He reaches underneath ment of the Taft political philosophy that his dUSity leather jacket, takes out a long "The business of the opposition is to oppose" knife and hacks a blaze on the smooth trunk. WASHINGTON REPORT and told fellow Democrats that they must He sheaths his knife and silently treads over place responsibility above partisanship. And brown needles. More men follow him; then he once wrote that he was an American first, wagons rumble beneath the large tree. Men, women, and children tread in that explorer's HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL a. Democrat second and a Texan third. OF OHIO As the dominant figures in the Senate footsteps. Americans moving west carrying and House from 1955 until Johnson became their furniture, ,their clothes, and a vision. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vice presiderut with John F. Kennedy in 1961, A vision of a land where every person can the Texas team seemed a strange combina­ worship God in his own way. A country Monday, February 26, 1973 where people have a voice in their own af­ tion. Rayburn was short, gruff and taciturn. Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, The tall rangy Johnson was talkative, flatter­ fairs. A nation where each man can live with­ ing and not disposed to let a potential sup­ out fear of hav.ing a government continually under leave to extend my remarks, here porter forget favors. watching his tiniest movement. is my newsletter for February 1973: Despite his skills, Johnson had his critics I am responsible to my forefathers to see WASHINGTON REPORT OF CONGRESSMAN inside and outside Congress who called him that this vision is not dimmed. I must fol­ WILLIAM E. MINSHALL, FEBRUARY 1973 an arm-twister and a wheeler-dealer. low in the foot~teps of that bearded man and Thrift-or new taxes-which will it be in Both Johnson and Rayburn were ready continue blazing trails carrying freedom to every land. .- '73? In the final analysis, the answer may supporters of President Dwight D. Eisen­ come from American ~xpayers . You're the hower on foreign policy issues, although On July 4, 1776, a group of men proclaimed ones who have to foot the bill. Many Mem­ Johnson sometimes grumbled privately that to the world that the thirteen colonies they bers of Congress are angry over President the Chief Executive was responsible for for­ represented would no longer be ruled by a Nixon's proposals to clear away dead wood eign policy and should not ask for a vote of foreign power. Nearly two hundred years and underbrush from the forest of Federal confidence from Congress on some issues in later those small colonies have grown to be­ expenditures. Others agree with the President that field. As President, he often resorted rto come fifty states. There are now over 200 that any increase in spending would mean those same tactics himself. million people who call themselves "Amer­ higher taxes and more inflation. Yet a budget Although there never was a breach between icans." that calls for $268.7 b111ion for Fiscal Johnson and Eisenhower, they disagreed on The American people, weathered by many 1974 cannot be termed pinch-penny, with 47¢ domestic policies and economics, especially seasons, molded by many races. The eyes are of each budget dollar earmarked. for domestic after the 1957 recession. brown, grey, Indian-black, or almond-shaped. human resources as compared to 30¢ for na­ Installed in the Senate leadership with But the light in the eyes is the same. A bright tional defense. The lines are being drawn for Southern support, it was Johnson who first light, the light that fredom put there. an historic Battle of the Budget. Lt may take led the Senate in cracking Southex:n filibus­ It is the responsibility of each individual. an overwhelming expression by the taxpay­ ters against civil rights b1lls-in 1957 and to keep the light of freedom shining brightly. ers-like the avalanche of mall in 1957 that 1960-that brought the measures to votes He must exercise his right to freedom of turned Capitol H111 around-to let Congress without cloture. speech in recognizing problems. He must know whether the line should be held on Relatively modest measures to break become involved in government, vote, speak government spending. Southern barriers to voting by blacks, they on the issues, · and work for the candidate Defense Cuts from $5 to $10 Billion may led to passage of the more sweeping ci vU of his choice. He must work to keep freedom emerge from my Defense Appropriations Sub­ rights bills of 1964 and 1965. alive, for if he sits back in his padded chair committee as we review $77.1 billion of the By Texas standards, Johnson was liberal. and thinks that others will shoulder the total $81 billion requested for national secu­ The labor movement was eager, when John­ load, then the light of freedom will flicker rity. Of that, some $22.7 blllion are locked in son was the Democratic nominee for presi­ and go out. The nation he lives in will be­ for military and civiltan pay, another $4.7 dent in 1964, to forget his House vote to over­ billion for rElitirement benefits. However, if ride President Harry S. Truman's veto of the come another Hungary, another Czecho­ Taft-Hartley labor b111 in 1947. slovakia, a place where freedom is heard we were still at the 1968 manpower peak, In private conversations in the Senate, he only in shadows, whispers, where once were reached during the Vietnam war, that pay never seemed to share the dtslike of Truman shouts of joy. figure would be $12.2 billion more. Although and Rayburn for the then-vice president and You and I are explorers striving to blaze a the Fiscal 1974 defense request is the largest now President Richard M. Nixon. path encircling the world. A path that would ever in dollars, it is only 6.2% of the Gross enable each individual to stand forth and National Product, the lowest level since 1950 proclaim, "I am a free person!" and 3.4% below the 1968 high. "MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREE­ Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote: "God Bless America," said the first freed DOM," BY DONALD L. McCAMMON "In the future days, which we seek to Amerioan POW to set foot on u.s. son--and make secure, we look forward to a world millions of us echoed his sentiments. Release founded upon four essential freedoms. We of our men from Southeast Asian prison shall accept only a world consecrated to free­ camps dramatizes the end of our role in the HON. DICK SHOUP dom of speech and expression-freedom of tragic conflict. All of you who stood firm with OF MONTANA every person to worship God in his own me in backing President Nixon's efforts dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way-freedom from want--and freedom from ing these agonizing years have a share in the Monday, February 26, 1973 terrorism." letter I recently received from him: "Now That was the world our forefathers were that we have finally achieved peace with Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, each year seeing. A vision of a world they could be honor in Vietna.Jn, I particuhrly want you to the Veterans of Foreign W·ars of the proud of. A world in which they could think f!1ow how much I have appreciated the. ,sup- February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' 5451 port you have given during these difficult As a Congressman, as an American, thing. There have been wars to preserve it, years to the policies that made that achieve­ and as a human being, I share the con­ poems to praise it and bodies buried for it. ment possible ... in the years to come you cern of men and women everywhere for If it is a tangible thing, something I could can look back with pride on a stern test the victims of this tyranny. The spirit of hold in my hand and feel, then I suppose nobly met." that my responsib111ty to it would be to lock House Leadership has honored me with ap­ freedom and independence of 1918 it up and keep it safe. I should be very self­ pointment to the Board of Regents of the lives among Estonians. So long as free ish and protective of it for fear that I might Smithsonian Institution. Chief Justice Burger men humbly acknowledge their liberties lose it. But if freedom is more than an object, is Chancellor of the Board which includes in as derived from God and securely rooted if it is something deeper, an idea, an emo­ its membership Vice President Agnew, three in Him, the fire of freedom and inde­ tion, which I think it is, then my responsi­ Members of the U.S. Senate, three from the pendence shall burn until its brightness b111ty to it is just the opposite. I should do House of Representatives, and six private my best to spread this idea of freedom, to citizens... I also this year became a mem­ ushers in a new era of justice, freedom, keep it alive in everyone. I should realize ber of the all-important House Committee on and peace for Estonia and for peoples that it is not a thing to be selfish with, but Committees, in charge of making Republican everywhere. a thing to share. Freedom is not meant for committee assignments. one man, or for a hundred men, but for all To better serve the 23rd District I have men, for all nations. openeQ. a new office-in addition to the one in In order to keep freedom alive, I must the Federal Building-at 20939 Lorain Road, WENDY LYNN HELLERSTEDT: "MY always utilize the freedoms offered to me. I Fairview Park, telephone 333-9936. I also RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM" must use my freedom of press to praise my plan to schedule "traveling offices" through­ freedoms, to give others in oppressed nations out the District, times and dates to be an­ a taste of my freedom so they may dream of nounced later. HON. DONALD M. FRASER it and strive to obtain it for themselves. I Minshall b1lls introduced in this new 93rd OF MINNESOTA must use my freedom of speech to spread Congress cover a variety of subjects. Among this glorious idea also. them-Education: H.R. 814, permit tax de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Along with praising my freedom, if I truly duction of college expenses; H. Res. 69, create Monday, February 26, 1973 love it, I am obligated to criticize it. I must a Special Committee on Quality Education; realize that nothing is perfect and I must H.J. Res. 95, constitutional amendment ban­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Wendy make it my job to search for injustices that ning mandatory school busing; H.J. Res. 93, Lynn· Hellerstedt is a 17-year-old Min­ may exist under the guise of freedom. When reverse the Merhige decision by insuring each neapolitan. She attends Edison Senior I see a person, or a people, abused by what State's right to control its public schools, in­ High School in northeast Minneapolis. they may have been led to believe is freedom, cluding busing ... Environment: H.R. 817, A senior, she plans to attend college and I must take action if true freedom is to be tax credit for homeowners, small business­ kept alive. men and car owners who install pollution hopes to be a journalist. Freedom is a demanding thing-it's very control devices; H.R. 818, tax credits for firms Ms. Hellerstedt has already demon­ existence rests on our being responsible to it. and industries installing such devices; H.R. strated that she is a writer of ability. Her Many Americans are ignorant of this fact. 2456, include private property under Federal script on the theme, "My Responsibility They suppose that since they were born free, shoreline protection ... Foreign Affairs: H.R. to Freedom" and her delivery of it won they will die free. But freedom is not a gift, 3916, ban "Most Favored Nation" trade treat­ for her the Minnesota segment of the it is more like a heritage to uphold. It wasn't ment to countries denying right of emigra­ Veterans of Foreign Wars 1972-73 Voice given to us by our· ancestors, but rather, it tion or charging exorbitant fees from emi­ of Democracy contest. She will now com­ is a result, or symbol, of all their toil and grants ... Health/Social Security: H.R. 804, frustration to make the dream of freedom Federal licensing of blood banks; H.R. 820, pete here in Washington for one of the come alive. Freedom must always be cared restore deductions for medical care to per­ five national scholarship prizes. for and used, lest it die and become just a sons over 65; H.R. 822, include prescription After reading her essay, I think she memory. And how sad a memory it would be, drugs under Medicare; H.R. 2223, Medicredit, should win. But whether she does or not, and how heartbreaking it would be to tell provide medical-dental insurance for all Wendy Hellerstedt has represented her our children that we lost freedom because we through tax credits ... Law Enforcement: State and her city well. didn't care enough to try to preserve it. H.R. 807, stronger penalties for use of a fire­ Her observations that freedom must All that we need to do to preserve our arm in commission of a Federal crime; H.R. be exercised if it is not to die and that a freedom is to use it. So simple a task. We 808, Law Enforcement Officers "B111 of must be concerned citizens, keep informed, Rights"; H.R. 810, create a Federal Judicial critical nature is fundamental to free­ vote in all elections, let our voices be heard Council• ... Taxes: H.R. 716, equitable tax dom's survival are too often ignored by and the voices of our brothers. treatment of working married couples and those writing about freedom. I am proud In summary, my responsibility to freedom single persons; H.R. 812, increase personal in­ and pleased to place in the RECORD is to regard it as my own child: to praise it, come tax exemptions to $1,500; H.R. 816, per­ Wendy Lynn Hellerstedt's entry in the criticize it and recognize it. It is like a child mit home repair deductions to $1,000 ... VFW contest. I know her teachers, her in many ways. It is something new in an old Other: H.R. 802, Truth in News Broadcasting; schoolmates and her parents, Emery D. world and like a child it needs to be cared H.R. 811, require financial disclosure by Fed­ Hellerstedt and Alice C. Hellerstedt of for, to be kept alive for it is still growing. eral judges; H.R. 3269, limit campaign spend­ Without this care, without this responsib111ty ing. Copies of these bills may be obtained Minneapolis share with me this pride in we must all feel for it, the child freedom from my Washington office. Wendy's accomplishments. will die. MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM (By Wendy Hellerstedt) Almost all Americans realize their freedom, WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF but few of us have a definition for it. Per­ SHOOTING ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE haps we cannot define this thing called free­ dom because we have never really known its opposite-oppression. HON. GERALD R. FORD Although it is true we have never known HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN OF MICHIGAN strong oppression in America, it would be OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES false to say that we have never known re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strictions. The farmer is restricted by the Monday, February 26, 1973 government to some extent in how he handles Monday, February 26, 1973 the land, the businessman must follow some Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the recent Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, rules, but these- restrictions are necessary. Saturday was the 55th anniversary of Without some government control, there shooting of .Senator STENNIS has shocked the Declaration of Independence of the could be freedom for only the very strong. and saddened us all. Not only ~any of Republic of Estonia. I am proud to pay It is these restrictions that make our many our prominent political leaders, but also tribute to Americans of Estonian descent freedoms sweet. When someone grumbles too many of our private citizens have be­ and to those Estonians now living behind about his taxes or traffic laws or whatever, come victims of shooting. the Iron Curtain. perhaps he should think of his freedom to In light of this, I am compelled to ask believe what he wants to, to say the things why the American taxpayer is asked to Mr. Speaker, the U.S. Government has he wants to say and his right to dream of never recognized the Soviet takeover of dreams for himself and try to make them support the National Board for the Pro­ Estonia and, indeed, we never should. realities. motion of Rifle Practice. The Russian occupation is simply a case One would have to agree that this hard-to­ Eleven Government employees spend of naked aggression. define thing called freedom is a precious $160,000 a year to "promote civilian in- 5452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 terest in small arms marksmanship." steel companies, who are 100 percent de­ and desirabllity of setting actual export This activity is deemed so important by pendent upon scrap for their continued quotas. the administration that the outlays for operations, these huge cost increases may I might add tha-t I do not lightly take the be step of urging export controls on any com­ this board are scheduled to increase by very well enough to price them com­ modity or product. In general, export con­ 44 percent over their 1972level. pletely out of a competitive market. trols, particularly 1f of a permanent nature, This year Congress must take the lead Moreover, because of the importance of can have damaging or costly long-term in reshaping our national priorities. As steel in our economy these costs will be effectg', In the case of scrap steel, however. we pursue this goal, let us consider the felt throughout the business and con­ I believe there are at least two exceptional nature and the cost of the National sumer sectors, creating additional in­ factors: first, the specialty steel industry, a Board for the Promotion of Rifle Prac­ flationary pressures. vital national resource, is totally dependent tice. In response to these dangerous mar­ upon scrap steel for day to day operation, and this constitutes a unique dependence; ket conditions, I have written the Secre­ second, a careful analysis by your depart­ tary of Commerce, the Honorable Fred­ ment may show, based on my own prelim­ LICENSING STEEL SCRAP EXPORTS erick Dent, urging the immediate adop­ inary evaluation, that export restrictions, in tion of a program licensing scrap steel addition to protecting against inflation by as a first step in controlling a rapidly reducing cost pressures on specialty steel worsening and inflationary market con­ products, may have the added benefit of re­ HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III dition. The Export Administration Act ducing foreign steel imports, which cost OF PE.NSYLVANIA of 1972 pro·vides the President authority American jobs and worsen our balance of payments, by forcing foreign steel producers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for export licensing and control when to compete for scrap steel In their own do- Monday, February 26, 1973 there exist strategic or political reasons, mestic markets. • or reasons of short supply. Obviously, I urge your closest a-ttention to this prob­ Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, as you well with price increases of 37 percent in the lem and immediate steps to rectify a rapidly know, steel is the basic material in the last year, short supply conditions exist worsening market condition, and respect­ manufacture of both consumer and and i·mmediate steps are necessary to fully request an early Indication of your de­ capital equipment. In the United States, rectify this disturbing and . inflationary partment's position. steel is the fundamental commodity in situation. With every good wish, industries accounting for approximate1y Sincerely, I include the text of my letter to Secre­ H. JOHN HEINZ III, one-third of all manufacturing employ­ tary Dent below, along with the Secre­ Member of Congress. ment. The steel industry itself, with more tary's reply. I also include for my col­ than 250 companies, directly employs leagues information a copy of a state­ nearly 750,000 Americans. AssiSTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, ment by the American Iron and Steel Washington, D.C., February 15,1973. Since approximately one-half of the Institutes. This statement corroborates Hon. H. JoHN HEINZ III, metals consumed in the manufacture of the need for Government action to pro­ House of Representatives, steel consists of iron and steel scrap, tect the domestic steel industry and the Washington, D.C. steel manufacturers are heavily depend­ domestic economy from further infla­ DEAR MR. HEINZ: This is in further reply ent upon scrap dealers and other outside tionary pressures induced by foreign to your letter of February 2 directing atten­ sources for supplies of scrap. This de­ steel producers. tion to the sudden rise in ferrous scrap prices pendency is virtually total in the case of in a.-ecent months and recommending as a The material follows: first step the imposition of export controls specialty steel companies, which utilize HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, on ferrous scrap. electric furnaces whose metallic charge Washington, D.C., February 2, 1973. The Department is following developments consists of almost 100 percent scrap. Hon. FREDERICK B. DENT, in the scrap market very closely. Preliminary Therefore, scrap iron and steel classifies Secretary, Department of Commerce, Wash­ discussions have already taken place with as a crucial commodity in a crucial na­ ington, D.C. representatives of the steel industry as well tional industry. DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I write to ask the as with representatives of the scrap process­ immediate adoption by the Department of ing industry. We met on January 24 with In the past several months, rising Commerce of a program licensing scrap steel officials of the steel and ferrous foundry in­ world steel production has boosted for­ exports as a first step in controlling a ra.pidly dustries to hear their request for lim1J;ing the eign demand for U.S. iron and steel scrap worsening and inflationary supply situation exports of ferrous scrap. Officials of the scrap to a level 65 percent higher than nor­ affecting the entire specialty steel industry. industry pa-esented their views on this impor­ mally experienced over the past 10 years. Recently, foreign steel interests have been tant issue on February 7. Approximately 12 million tons of ferrous purchasing large quantities of American We recognize that the cost of scrap repre­ scrap exports are projected in 1973 com­ scrap steel. As the foreign demand for this sents a significant part of the total cost of commodity has incre·a.sed, the supply avail­ producing raw steel. The impact of higher pared with 7.2 million tons in 1972 and able to domestic consumers of scrap steel has scrap prices is greatest on companies which an average of 7.1 million tons over the diminished, and prices have skyrocketed, utiUze electric furnaces and a.re almost to­ last decade. Domestic steel activity is now thereby creating a disruptive market situa­ tally dependent on scrap as the I!K>Urce of beginning to reflect the rapid expansion tion. their raw material. of the national economy, and with do­ In the last year alone the Pittsburgh price At the same time, we also recognize that mestic production rising, our own mills of scrap has shot from $38 to $52 per ton. exports account for a large part of the total This sharp increase in price, accompanied sales of many U.S. scrap processors, and that and foundries requirements for scrap are by a rapid shrinkage of available supply, has exports of scrap make an important contribu­ moving up as well. Present projections proven particularly damaging to the spe­ tion to the nation's exports. U.S. exports of show a domestic industry demand in 1973 cialty steel industry, which is so vital a sup­ ferrous scrap in 1972 totaled 7.4 million tons for 41.5 million tons of purchased scrap, plier to other industries, inc1uding our na­ ($244 million), 17.5 percent greater than in up from 37 million tons in 1972. tional defense. This industry's continued 1971. Record exports of 10.4 mlllion tons oc­ functioning is 100% dependent upon scrap curred in 1970. Both domestic and foreign Rising domestic and foreign demand demand for American scrap have been rising has already resulted in a marked in­ steel because of the use of electric furnaces and prices have risen substantially. Estimates in specialty steel production. of exports for 1973 that have come to our at­ crease in scrap prices within the United Although the Export Administration Act States. Currently, the composite price tention range from 8 to 12 million tons. provides the President authority to impose The Export Administration Act provides of No. 1 heavy melting scrap, the most quotas for strategic or political reasons or authority for controlllng exports. The Act widely used grade, is $48.67 per ton, 35.5 for short supply control, I do not seek the states that "It is the policy of the United percent higher than a year ago. The imposition of export quotas at the present States to use export controls to the extent domestic steel industry projects addi­ time. However, I urge the immediate adop­ necessary to protect the domestic economy tional costs resulting from scrap price tion of a system of scrap export licensing as from the excessive drain of scarce materials a means to monitor and control excess ex­ and to reduce the serious inflationary impact increases in excess of $500 million this portation of this critical commodity. More­ of abnormal foreign demand." Now that we year. Such jumps in costs will be detri­ over, I feel the Department should immedi­ have met with both consumers and scrap mental to the entire steel industry, and ately invite comment from all sectors of the processors, we shall make a careful a.-eview in the case of small, individual specialty steel industry to determine the feasib111ty and analysis of available data on trends 1n February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5453 scrap supply, demand and prices to ascertain evidence of the transaction in published sta­ Scrap prices rose an average of $13.00 per whether action to control exports is war­ tistics. It appears obvious that the domestic ton in 1969-1970. Such an increase, applied ranted under the criteria of this Act. economy would obtain little if any protection to 12 million tons of scrap exports would Sincerely, under the Export Administration Act if ex­ increase foreign scrap acquisition costs by GARY M. COOK, port controls could not be imposed until after $156 million this year. Yet this same in­ Deputy Assistant Secretary and Acting a basic industry had sustained service in­ crease applied to the 41.5 million tons of Director, Bureau of Competitive As­ jury and can set forth the statistical data domestic purchased scrap requirements we sessment and Business Policy. to prove it. anticipate this year would raise our costs Facts in support of the steel industry's by $540 million in 1973. This is a measure STATEMENT OF THE DOMESTIC STEEL INDUSTRY position that the volume of ferrous scrap ex­ of the potential impact on the domestic in­ ON GOVERNMENT ACTION To LIMIT EXPORTS ports be limited in 1973 are as follows: dustry, and the basis of our concern. OF IRON AND STEEL SCRAP IN 1973 BY THE 1. Domestic Scrap Price Increases: In 1972, Exportation of iron and steel scrap in 1973 AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE domestic scrap prices rising in response to significantly above the 1972 level of 7 mil­ The domestic steel industry comprises more accelerated world demand, increased 35%, lion tons will adversely affect domestic con­ than 250 companies engaged in the manu­ with 10 percent of the increase occurring in sumers and ultimately the national economy, facture and sale of steel products. These December alone. Although domestic scrap this year, and in years following. If we can­ companies employ over 700,000 persons and consumption has risen slightly over the past not obtain our 1973 purchased scrap require­ operate plants, as well as other mining and three months, and will show only moderate ments, our lessened ab111ty to satisfy expand­ production facilities, in 37 states. Annual upward movement in the next three months, ing domestic and export requirements may sales and capital investment of the industry the sharp rise in scrap prices indicates that also produce an increase in the U.S. steel are each in excess of $20 blllion. Steel is basic scrap is in short supply in this country, and trade deficit, which was over $2 billion in in the manufacture of consumer and capital that it will be in stringent short supply in 1972. equipment in U.S. industries which account the Spring of 1973, as commitments to export The domestic steel industry therefore urges for approximately one-third of all manufac­ heavy tonnages then are filled. the Department of Commerce to impose , turing employment. 2. Rising World Steel Production. World limitations on scrap exports under the au­ Iron and steel scrap comprises roughly 50 steel production is expected to continue the thority conferred by the Export Administra­ percent of the metallic input consumed in advance begun this year, increasing from tion Act, restricting the exportation of iron the manufacture of steel, with blast furnace 690 million net tons in 1972 to 735 million and steel scrap in 1973 to 7.0 million net pig iron the second principal ingredient in net tons in 1973. Japan and other steel-pro­ tons, and limiting exports in either hal! terms of volume. While its own operations ducing nations have made it clear that in year to not more than 50 percent of total ex­ generate a large portion of its requirements, 1973 they will import larger quantities of ports for the full year. the industry is heavily dependent on deal­ steel scrap from the U.S. to maintain or ex­ ers and other outside sources for the balance pand their share of world steel trade. Depriv- • of its scrap requirements. This applies par­ ing the U.S. industry of this needed material, ticularly to the large number of electric fur­ thereby diminishing its ab111ty to be com­ nace plants throughout the country whose petitive with other steel producing nations, ETHNIC POLITICS metallic charge consists of almost 100 per­ is not consistent with our national steel cent scrap. trade polcy. _ Scrap purchases of steel companies, to­ 3. Scrap Export Policies of Major Industrial gether with those of the foundry industry, Nations: The embargo prohibiting the ex­ HON. JAMES V. STANTON totalled more than 37 million net tons in port of iron and steel scrap from the United OF OHIO 1972. Based on present projections of indus­ Kingdom after August 31, 1972, confirms the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try activity, 41.5 million tons of purchased rising world demand for scrap. More impor­ scrap will be needed in the United States in tant, countries previously dependent on the Monday, February 26, 1973 1973, oJi which 25.0 million tons, or 60 per­ U.K. for scrap have turned to the United cent wlll be required by the smaller com­ States, the only major industrial country now Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. Speak­ panies without blast furnace (pig iron) fa­ permitting free exportation of these valuable er, it is now obvious that there will be c111ties. iron and steel units. Other Western European no Government funding, either in fiscal In 1969 and ·1970 the steel industry, to­ countries and Japan do not permit the ex­ year 1973 or fiscal year 1974, of the eth­ gether with the foundry industry, went portation of scrap, except under rare cir­ nic heritage studies program that was through a period in which abnormally high cumstances, and then only if home demand authorized by Congress as part of the foreign demand for steel scrap resulted in is at relatively low levels. the sky-rocketing of U.S. exports of this vital Higher Education Act of 1972. The fact 4. Projections of U.S. Scrap Exporters: is, members of my staff have made in­ material. Between Apr111969 and March 1970, Leaders of the domestic scrap industry open­ short-supply conditions in this country, ly project that scrap exports will rise to an quiry of officials at the Department of caused by excessive exports, increased the annual level of 12 ·million tons for the first Health, Education, and Welfare, and we average price of scrap by 57 percent.- This have been told that the Department did price increase inflated steel industry scrap half of 1973, including a 150 percent increase in exports to Japan. not even submit a request for funds to costs by more than $277 million in 1970 alone, President Nixon's Office of Management excluding the m1llions of dollars spent in Based on economic projections, the domes­ locating new scrap supplies and in modify­ tic steel and foundry industries will need a. and Budget. Now, I realize that the Pres­ ing steelmaking practices to accommodate record level of 41.5 mlllion net tons of pur­ ident is proposing to drop a number of usage of lower quality grades. chased steel scrap to sustain the expansion excellent programs already in existence The short-supply and price conditions ex­ in the economy. Exports of 12 million net and, therefore, the prospects of winning perienced in 1969 and 1970 will be even more tons would require the total delivery of 53.5 funds for a new program such as this are chaotic in 1973, unless the Department of million net tons to both domestic and ex­ slim indeed. I do not intend, despite my Commerce acts immediately to limit the ex­ port markets by the scrap industry, an im­ longstanding interest in this program, to portation of iron and steel scrap. Authority possible accomplishment in light of recent fight a battle which inevitably I will lose, for such action is provided to Commerce un­ history. Deliveries at annual rates of 46 in the face of heavy resistance from der the Export Administration Act of 1972 million tons in 1969, and during the first which says in part: White House budgetmakers. However, I "It is the policy of the United States to half of 1970 created chaotic short supply do want to say-for the RECORD, and so use export controls to the extent necessary conditions and inflationary prices. At that that the public might know-that I take to protect the domestic economy from the time steel mill scrap inventories were reduced an exceedingly dim view of any admin­ excessive drain of scarce materials and to to their lowest levels in the decade (see table istration that speaks frequently and vol­ reduce the serious inflationary impact of ab­ attached). normal demand ...." During the 1969-1970 period, ferrous scrap ubly in an election year about the merits Tlie principal lesson learned from the 1969- exports equalled 22 percent of the total of an ethnic studies program, only to fall 1970 expel;).ence is that the imposition of ex­ available supply in this country. This data silent once the election has successfully port restrictions cannot await the availab111ty alone does not measure the full impact on been concluded in favor of the adminis­ of final statistical evidence that abnormally domestic consumers. For example, in the tration. I will conclude by assuring my high foreign demand has in fact brought 12 months between August 1969 and July colleagues that, as soon as there are real­ about domestic shortages and inflationary 1970, the height of the two-year cycle, ex­ istic prospects for success, I shall renew prices. By that time the damage to the econ­ ports of 4.1 mlllion tons of No. 1 heavy melting scrap, the key industry grade, were my efforts on behalf of this program. omy has occurred. There may be, and usually which I feel is so much in accord with are, several months between receipt of a. only slightly lower than the 4.4 million tons foreign order, stockp111ng of the material, delivered to the entire domestic steel in­ American precepts, and which has so loading and exportation of the shipment, and dustry. much to offer to our young people. 5454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 SELECTED DATA ON IRON AND STEEL SCRAP, SHOWING VOLUME OF PURCHASED SCRAP REQUIREMENTS RELATIVE TO TOTAL SCRAP CONSUMPTION AND THE IMPACT OF SCRAP EXPORTS ON SCRAP SUPPLY AND PRICE

Thousands of net tons Less Change in Purchased Total pur­ Exports as BLS scrap Total scrap mill scrap mill scrap scrap re­ chased scrap percent of total price index, consumption production inventories quirement Scrap exports requirement requirement 1967=100

1962------~ ------66, 160 40,645 -352 23, 163 5, 014 30, 177 ·16. 6 95.2 1963 __ _------74,620 44, 655 -526 29,439 6, 217 35, 656 17.4 91.7 1964_ ------84,626 52,262 -518 31,846 7, 766 39,612 19. 6 109.4 1965_------90,359 55, 213 +215 35, 361 6,129 41,490 14.8 112.6 1966_ ------91,583 55,463 +546 36,666 5, 774 42,440 13.6 106.6 1967------85,361 52,312 -395 32,654 7, 506 40, 160 18.7 100.0 1968 __ ------87,060 53, 545 +89 33,604 6, 565 40, 169 16.3 93.0 1969_ ------94,816 56,287 -1,330 37, 199 9, 037 46,236 19.5 110.5 1970------. 85,559 52, 575 +1, 116 34, 100 10,648 44,748 23.8 138. 9) January-June ______------(45, 152) (27, 125) ( -192) (17, 835) (5, 351) (23, 386) (22. 9) (146. 5) July- December ______- ___ ------(40, 407) (25, 450) (+1,308) (16, 265) (5, 297) (21, 362) (24. 8) (131. 2 1971__------82, 567 49, 169 +826 34, 224 6, 478 40, 702 15.9 114.6 10-year averages ______-- __ -- 84,271 51,213 -33 33, 025 7,113 40, 139 ' 17.7 107.3 1972 estimate ______-_-_------91, 000 53, 500 -194 37,306 7, 200 44, 506 16.3 122. 1) January-June ______------(45, 259) 26, 125 (-121) (19, 013) (3, 292) (22, 305) (14. 8) (117. 0) July- December ______----_------(45, 741) 27,375 (-73) (18, 293) (3, 908) (22, 201) (17. 6) (127. 3 1973: Estimate A 2------­ 100,000 58, 500 ------41,500 3 7, 000 48,500 14.4 ------Estimate B •------94,000 55, 500 -2, 000 36,500 12,000 48,500 24.7 ------

1 Actual. Source; 1967--£ months 1972 tonnage data, Bureau of Mines, covering steel mills and foundries 2 Based on 10 percent increase over 1972. in the United States. a Based on government controls limiting exports to 7,000,000 net tons. • Based on no controls on scrap exports. The lower levels of domestic scrap consumption and purchased requirement shown in estimate B result wholly from lower scrap availability to domes­ tic consumers due to expansion of scrap exports.

HEARINGS ON CLEAR AIR ACT ANNE JANSS MOURNED parted those beliefs to those who came in contact with her. I know that many people share the HON. DON EDWARDS feeling of loss that I experience, and will HON. PAUL G. ROGERS OF CALIFORNIA miss her enthusiasm, encouragement, OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and always helpful participation in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1973 life of Sun Valley. My sympathy goes to Monday, February 26, 1973 Anne's husband, William C. Janss, own­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. er of Sun Valley and to her two daugh- Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, on Speaker, on January 22 while helicopter ters and son. · Wednesday, February 28, the Subcom­ skiing, Anne Janss was killed by an ava­ mittee on Public Health and Environ­ lanche at Sun Valley, Idaho, and the ment will conduct hearings on H.R. 4291, West lost one of its most talented and which would extend the funding provi­ remarkable women. Mrs. Janss was a A VERY GOOD YEAR FOR sions of the Clean Air Act for 1 year, personal friend of mine and of many AGRICULTURE hundreds of other ski and outdoor en­ through fiscal 1974. I believe it would be thusiasts. Her death is a huge loss to useful to advise interested Members of people who love mountains, rivers, trees, HON. TOM RAILSBACK ·the purpose of the hearings. and indeed all of the great outdoors of OF ILLINOIS The hearing is intended only to devel­ the Mountain States and Pacific Coast. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES op data surrounding the necessity to con­ Despite the tragic circumstances of Monday, February 26, 1973 tinue the funding provisions of the Clean her death, I recall Anne, not as the victim Air Act. It is not intended that the regu­ of a meaningless accident, but as a fear­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, many latory provisions of t-he act will be under less challenger of the best that life has times I have addressed this body on the consideration during the hearing or dur­ to offer. Aware of the dangers involved serious and difficult problems which be­ ing the subcommittee executive session in helicopter skiing and insistent that set the American farmer. Often, I know, following the hearing. the many technical requirements of the I have been quite pessimistic about his Mr. Speaker, the Environmental Pro­ sport be met, she introduced many qual­ future, and showed disappointment in tection Agency is presently involved in ified friends to the exhilaration of this the lack of commitment on the part of two complex and controversial proceed­ experience. our leaders in assisting him with his ings under the act. One proceeding in­ But skiing was only one of many new problems. volves implementation of a State plan challenges she ventured to explore and Last year my pessimism was reversed for California which includes a proposal then introduce to others. An enthusiastic and I was encouraged by the remark­ for gasoline rationing. A second is a pro­ able progress that was shown by in­ outdoors woman, she encouraged and creases in farm prices, cash receipts, and -ceeding to consider requests of the auto­ was often the leader in backpacking, net farm income. At that time, I inserted mobile manufacturers for a 1-year delay camping, and mountain climbing expe­ an article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in implementation of the 1975 emissions ditions. Her love of art and music led entitled, "Agriculture--Midyear Review standards. Both proceedings are now in to the establishment of the Sun Valley and Outlook." The article had been is­ the hearing stage, the latter as a result Creative Arts Center. Taking up ice sued by the Federal Reserve Board in of a remand from the U.S. Court of Ap­ skating only 9 years ago, her children their excellent publication Business Con­ peals for the District of Columbia Cir­ almost grown, she became a qualified ditions and reviewed this encouraging cuit. :figure skater. Always she felt that par­ situation. I expressed then my personal Principally for this reason, I believe it ticipation in these activities offered both hope that this trend would continue. is in the best interests of all concerned intellectual and emotional benefits far Now it appears that 1972 was indeed a that the hearing be limited to matters more than the mere achievement of very good year for farmers-the first other than these two proceedings. physical skills and she successfully im- good year in fact since the Korean war February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5455 years. A followup article by the same states of the Seventh Federal Reserve Dis­ prices of livestock and grains remain near publisher entitled, "Boom Year for Agri­ trict. Income from each of the maj :>r Mid­ record levels, and trading in futures con­ culture" summarizes the Midwestern west farm commodities-beef, hogs, dairy tracts suggests continued high prices for products, corn, and soybeans-increased sub­ most commodities. Maintenance of current farm situation, farm finances, and the stantially in 1972. Government payments to price levels, however, depends in large degree outlook for agriculture in a most op­ district farmers were up 60 percent from on continued strength of demand--especial­ timistic manner. I am pleased farmers 1971. ly foreign demand. Moreover even if prices were able to enjoy a satisfactory degree Hog slaughter was down about 10 percent remain high, climbing operating expenses and of prosperity in 1972, and am hopeful in 1972. But hog prices averaged more than expected sharply lower government payments 1973 and future years will be as profita­ 40 percent above 1971 levels, reflecting both indicate that net profits may decline from the reduced supplies and a strong consumer ble for them. I include in the RECORD the advanced levels of 1972. demand. Despite rising feed costs, especially Production plans suggest record output the article "Boom Year for Agriculture": late in 1972, profit margins on hog feeding of beef and turkeys in 1973, and output of BOOM YEAR FOR AGRICULTURE showed marked improvement from year­ pork and milk is expected to rise. A sur­ American farmers in 1972 enjoyed a degree earlier levels. The ratio of the price of hogs vey taken in December showed that farmers of prosperity unknown since the Korean War to the price of corn, a. rough measure of prof­ intended to farrow 6 percent more sows in years. Output of major commodities was at, ~tabildty, was near . record levels through the December-May period than a year or near, record levels. Sharply higher prices most of the year. earller. If hog producers carry out these in­ and increased government payments com­ Cattle feeders also prospered in 1972, espe­ tentions, pork supplies during the latter bined to boost gross farm inc< me in 1972 to a cially in the first half. The slight increase half of 1973 probably will rise by a similar new high of $65 billion, up more than $5 bil­ in beef production did not match the sub­ amount. Marketings of fed cattle probably lion from 1971. Despite rising production ex­ stantial gains in consumer demand, and will rise in the first half of 1973, as the in­ penses, realized net income of farm propri­ cattle prices averaged appreciably higher creased inventory of cattle on feed reaches etors rose about 17 percent to almost $19 bil­ throughout the year. Prices of high qual­ marketing weights. If sufficient feeders are lion, nearly $2 billion above the old record ity fed cattle reached a record $39 per hun­ available in early 19-73, increased marketings that had stood for a quarter of a century! dred pounds in mid-: 1972, up 18 percent from likely will be maintained throughout the About four-fifths of the increase in gross a year before. As beef slaughter increased, year. income reflected higher prices. The weighted prices of fed cattle decUned through most of Because of high prices and modifications composite of agricultural commodity prices the second half of 1972, but then rose sharp­ in government programs, grain production received by farmers averaged about 12 per­ ly again in December. Feeder cattle prices should expand in 1973. About 12 milllon cent higher in 1972 than in 1971. Stronger reached a record high of $50 per hundred fewer acres of land are expected to be set domestic demand associated with rapidly pounds in the fall months, up 25 percent aside in the feed grain program. A large rising disposable personal income was pri­ from a year before. Higher prices of feed­ portion of this will be planted to soybeans marily responsible for boosting prices, espe­ ers and feed and lower prices for fed cattle and corn, particularly the former. cially for meat animals. Outlays on food by reduced cwttle feeder's profits in the second Prospects for rising consumer income m U.S. consumers rose 6 percent in 1972. In half of 1972. 1973 indicate another large gain for con­ the second half of the year, record grain ex­ Dairy farmers' cash receipts rose about 4 sumer purchases of food. Foreign demand ports and weather-caused harvest delays ex­ percent in 1972. Although milk production for U.S. agricultural commodities is widely erted upward pressure on crop prices. increased, strong demand pushed milk prices expected to be very strong again next year, Food prices averaged sharply higher at the to !;m averege of $6 per hundred pounds, up but supplies in other major agricultural retail level in 1972. Unprocessed farm prod­ about 3.5 percent. Per capita consumption nations will largely determine whether this ucts have been exempt from government of dairy products rose in 1972 for the first occurs. Russia was able to boost grain out­ price controls since ceilings were imposed in time since 1955. Wisconsin remains the na­ put sharply following short crops in the 1971. In June 1972, however, the Price Com­ tion's leading dairy strute with 14 percent of mid-1960s, and this could occur again in mission established maximum profit margins total output. 1973. In six of the past ten years, Russia on sales of various raw food products after Corn and soybean farmer., profits were has been a net exporter of grain. Other the first sale. In addition, the Administration generally favorable Jn 19'12, a year of un­ grain-exporting nations wm also attempt to suspended quotas on meat imports. These usual developments. Corn supplles were boost production. . government actions may have had only mar­ burdensome at the start of ~;he year and On balance, the farm sector is expected ginal effects on supplies and prices, but the prices were depressed Soy!Jean supplies were to record a generally favorable year again rise in food prices did slow in the second half moderately smaller tnan P year earlier, and in 1973. Production of most major com­ of 1972. prices we1e about the sam~. modities is almost certain to rise. Expected Large foreign purchases of grain in the Increased demand for corn and soybeans strong demand, both domestic and foreign, second half of 1972, together with uncer­ boosted prices in the first helf of 1972. This probably w111 offset much of the price­ tainties over the yield of U.S. harvests, pushed trend strengthened furthe:..· during the sec­ depressing effects of larger supplies. Ex­ grain and soybean prices up further. Un­ ond half of the year with the announce­ panded production, coupled with favor­ precedented Soviet purchases of grain were ment of the Soviet grain ag.-eement, and the able prices, should boost gross farm income adverse weather conditions which delayed to another record in 1973. The combination the major factor in the export market. These of lower government payments to farmers purchases totaled more than $1 billion in fall harvesting. In mid-December the soy­ bean price tc pped $4 per bushel, up $1 per and the persistent rise in production ex­ 1972, thereby exceeding the minimum pur­ penses, however, will likely reduce net farm chase of $750 million of grain over a three­ bushel from a ~ear earlier. Corn hit .,.1.60 per bushel, up 40 cents from the yea.· before. income from 1972's record level. year period stipulated in the grain agreement FARM FINANCE between the two nations negotiated at mid­ I' year. Demand for U.S. grain was stimulated Rising farm income in 1972 was reflected by poor crops in several foreign countries, in large increases in fa1mers' investments in including the Soviet Union. land, machinery, motor vehicles, home fur­ POLL CONDUCTED BY WISCONSIN Direct government payments to farmers nishings · and other consumer goods. Pur­ DIVISION OF AAA exceeded $4 billion in 1972-up $1 billion chases of farm tractcrs rose 20 percent over from 1971 and a new record. Payments under the year-earlier level in retail ur it sales. The desire to increase farm size in order to achieve the feed grain program totaled $1.9 billion­ economies of scale in purchasing, production, HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI nearly double the 1971 amount. (Feed grains and marketing activities also encouraged ag­ OF WISCONSIN include corn, sorghum, oats and barley.) gressive bidding on available tracts of land. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Payments under the wheat program also in­ The gain in investments resulted in in­ creased, but at a much slower pace. Higher creased farm borrowings from commercial Mond'.tY, February 26, 1973 government payments reflected both a larger banks and other lenders. With loan funds Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, the of­ acreage "set-aside" and higher rates per acre. more readily available than in recent years, ficers of the Wisconsin division of the Crop acreage planted in 1972 totaled less and with a good record of repayments on American Automobile Association have than 300 million acres, down 9 million from existing loans, lenders actively sought farm loans of all types. Farm debt totaled about called to my attention a poll conducted 1971. Although adverse weather prevailed $71 billion at the end of 1972, up 9 percent by that organization in June 1972. The during the main harvesting season, increases from a year earlier. Non-real estate loans purpose of the poll was to determine the in yields per acre resulted in record harvests made up 60 percent of the increase; the re­ position of the members of the Wiscon­ for many commodities. mainder was secured by farmland. sin division of the AAA on highway mat­ MIDWEST FARMERS GAIN THE FARM OUTLAND ters. The results while not surprising, Cash receipts from farm marketings rose As 1973 begins, the farm economy seems nevertheless are of interest. 10 percent or more ln 1972 in each of the poised for another year of high income. Cash I would like to insert the following 5456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 summary of the poll showing the ques­ While 68 percent favored improving public Wright said the 25-questlon poll was "the tions, number of responses, and the mass transportation, only 31 percent ap­ most complete, most definitive opinion proved the use of existing highway funds for sampling on transportation issues ever con­ answers tabulated as to percentages: mass transit. ducted by the Wisconsin AAA." HIGHLIGHTS OF WISCONSIN DIVISION AAA Stuart B. Wright, AAA general manager, Peripheral parking lots designed to aid MEMBER TRANSPORTATION POLL CONDUCTED said the poll reaffirmed that the majority of public transportation gained support from IN JUNE 1972 AAA members want the Highway Trust Fund 57 percent of the respondents, but only 43 Wisconsin AAA members have shown at the federal level and the segregated high­ percent approved the use of highway funds strong support for improving public mass way fund at the state level maintained for to pay for the lots. On financing, 48 percent transportation, but a poll of the 300,000 highway purposes only. opposed the use of highway funds and nine members demonstrated equally strong oppo­ The AAA polled one percent of its master percent had no opinion. sition to raiding highway user tax revenues members in a special mail poll late in May Improving existing streets and highways to provide aid to public transportation. and offered all its members a chance to vote was favored by 85 percent of the AAA mem­ General state or federal funds were fav­ by printing the official ballot in the June bers while 68 percent approved constructing ored by 72 percent of the voters as the pri­ issue of the Motor News. Results of both new streets and highways as traffic needs mary source for mass transit subsidies. polls were similar. dictate.

WISCONSIN AAA MEMBER TRANSPORTATION POLL (JUNE 1972) TOTAL BALLOTS- 2,475 (1 ,853 VIA MOTOR NEWS , 622 VIA DIRECT MAIL) 1. For each item in the list below, will you please check whether or not you think highway funds (gasoline taxes and registration fees) should be used to pay for that item? (Please check 1 box for each item.)

No No Yes No No (per· op_in· (per· (per· opin- Yes . No cent) I On Percent Yes cent) No cent) ion Percent

Should highway funds be used for- (g) Public mass transportation re- (a) Removal of billboards from high- search and experimental proj- ways ______------______729 30 1, 612 65 134 ects ______812 33 1, 490 60 173 (b) Control of junkyards ______698 28 1, 657 67 120 (h) Purchase of equipment and fa- (c) Replacement housing for people cilities for public mass trans- portation ______------____ tiondisplaced ______by highway construe-______601 24 1, 711 69 163 7 1, 255 51 1, 024 41 196 (i) Operating expenses of public (d) State ~atrol (salaries, equipment, mass transportation ______489 20 1, 842 74 !44 6 etc. ----·-·· -·------1, 458 59 830 33 187 (j) Construction of parking lots at the (e) Motor vehicle air pollution en- perimeter of the city, where forcement______1, 357 55 936 38 182 7 motorists could park their cars (f) Driver education ______1, 411 57 916 37 148 6 and ride downtown via public transportation ___ ------______1, 049 42 1, 201 49 225 9

2. Following is a list of proposals made in connection with local transportation problems. For each one, will you please check whether you favor it, oppose it, or have no opinion about it1

Favor Oppose No Favor Oppose No Favor percent Oppose percent opinion Percent Favor percent Oppose percent opinion Percent

(a) Improve existing streets and highways_ 2, 012 85 224 149 6 ~e) Improve public mass transportation ____ 1, 679 68 563 23 233 9 (b) Construct new streets and highways as f) Increase gas tax to provide more money traffic needs dictate. ______1,665 67 608 25 202 8 for highways ______494 20 1, 763 71 218 9 (c) Stop building streets and highways to (g) Build parking lots at the perimeter encourage use of public transportation . __ 709 28 1, 445 59 321 13 of the city, where motorists could park (d) -Increase downtown all-day parking their cars and ride downtown via public fee to discourage use of automobiles ____ _ 771 31 1, 458 59 246 10 transportation ______1, 437 58 775 31 263 11

3 For each item in the list below, will you please check whether or not you think the item should be used as a source to help finance the cost of public mass transportation. (Please check one box for each itb.O.)

No No Yes Percent No Percent opinion Percent Yes Percent No Percent opinion Percent

Should aid to public mass transportation (d) Increased gas taxes______396 16 1, 932 78 147 6 be financed from- (e) Funds provided by the com- (a) General State or Federal funds __ 1, 777 72 540 22 158 6 munities served by the system ____ 1, 719 69 488 20 268 11 (b) Existing highway funds.------760 31 1, 561 . 63 154 6 (f) Increased fares ______839 34 1, 280 52 356 14 (c) Sales tax funds ______676 27 1, 554 63 245 10 (g) Other (please specify) ______-----______----______

4. Which of the items listed under 3 do you think should be the primary source for any subsidies for public mass transportation? (Please indicate by writing in the letter preceding that item in 3 Primary source should be item lettered (a)).

AMNESTY conditionally to those who have illegally The right to choose is an intrinsic part avoided their obligations. of our heritage. Those who choose to There probably are some cases which, leave the country rather than serve may HON. K. GUNN McKAY upon review, would disclose that repa­ have been within their rights to make OF UTAH triation would be justified after certain that decision, but they now must live with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES compensatory duties had been fulfilled. the consequences. Currently, the conse­ Monday, February 26, 1973 After World War II, President Truman quence is a criminal penalty. Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, with the war established a special commission to re­ dra,wing to a close, we again face the view cases on their individual merit, and q~estion of amnesty for those who chose a similar solution might hold promise for dealing with the present situation. MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ not to serve 1n the Armed Forces. Even HOW LONG? though conditions in this country are But I get the feeling that many who changing, the consideration of uncondi­ left the country now want to return with tional amnesty is premature. a clean slate, with no obligations of any HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE Hundreds of thousands of American sort to the United States. I cannot sup­ OF IOWA young men accepted military service as port this concept, nor can I rationalize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES granting repatriation for service in the an obligation of their citizenship. Over Monday, February 26, 1973 ti5,000 of those who agreed to serve gave Peace Corps or other volunteer service. I their lives in the course of the conflict. am unable to equate fighting in South­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, for more I believe it would be unfair to these young east Asia with service in any of the civil­ than 3 years, I have reminded my col­ men if we were to extend amnesty un- ian organizations. leagues daily of the plight of our pris- February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5457 oners of war. Now, for most of us, the the admiral, a firm handclasp, saluting the The ecstacy-the pure joy-of seeing the war is over. Yet despite the cease-fire colors, the cheering crowds, the singing chil­ return of our prisoners wlll soon wear off. dren, the unofficial signs, "we love you" and We'll turn, naturally, to our routine tasks. agreement's provisions for the release of "welcome home, beautiful men," and the But wm we forget? all prisoners, fewer than 600 of the more words of the first man off the plane, Navy The character of America. is embedded in than 1,900 men who were lost while on Capt. Jeremiah A. Denton of Virginia Beach, men like Asa Smith, who never forget the active duty in Southeast Asia have been Va.., with tears in his eyes, and a. choke in men who went, the men who came back and identified by the enemy as alive and his voice, saying: "God bless America.." the men who never got back. captive. The remaining 1,200 men are Some of the men hobbled. Three were The test of a. country is how it values its still missing in action. carried on stretchers. Some were on crutches. people. Asa would say that for now we have A child asks: "Where is Daddy?" One sick man with a raging fever left his passed with "flying colors." But what about stretcher and marched proudly off the plane. tomorrow? Will we be like Asa Smith-"al­ A mother asks: "How is my son?'' A wife The sight tore your heart out. The tears ways faithful"? wonders: "Is my husband alive or dead?" we all shed were genuine. Asa. Smith would How long? have approved their discipl'ine because it was Until those men are accounted for, in the "one for all and all for one" tradition their families will continue to undergo of his beloved United States Marines. Part of THE 500TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE the special suffering reserved for the the pride of the Marines is that they never BIRTH OF MIKOLAJ KOPERNIK relatives of those who simply disappear forget their men. Semper Fidelis--"a.lways fa.ithful"-is more than a slogan to the Ma­ without a trace, the living lost, the dead rines. It's a way of life. with graves unmarked. For their families, Asa Smith felt pretty much the same about HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI peace brings no respite from frustration, the Vietnam War as he did the Korean War­ OF WISCONSIN anxiety, and uncertainty. Some can look · in the end the men whose captivity was IN THE 'HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forward to a whole lifetime shadowed by caused by the war had become the only grief. reason for continuing the war. Monday, February 26, 1973 We must make every effort to alleviate Asa. Smith did not believe in sending Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, this their anguish by redoubling our search American men to fight unless and until the country was under attack-or if dictators past week, Americans of Polish descent for the missing servicemen. Of the in­ and bullies were killing innocent people. paid tribute in honor of the 500th calculable debt owed to them and their Asa believed in the hopes and dreams of anniversary of the birth of Mikolaj families, we can at least pay that mini­ America. The America. of equality-equality Kopernik. mum. Until I am satisfied, therefore, that of opportunity, equality before the law, To millions of Polish-Americans, we are meeting our obligation, I will equality of education. But he also believed in Kopernik represents one of the most dis­ continue to ask, "How long?" another equality-equality of sacrifice. tiuguished figures in Polish history. The It' America did go to war, he thought the sacrifice should be spread around. He did not theories and works of this priest-astron­ IN MEMORIAM: ASA SMITH like businesses or people prospering while omer started a revolution of scientific others suffered and sacrificed. ideas which remains relevant to our con­ Asa did not understand or appreciate why temporary understanding of nature. HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY poors kids were sent off to Korea and Viet­ The Kopernican concept of the sun­ OF INDIANA nam while so many better off kids were ex­ centered universe sparked the kind of empt by virtue of going off to college or get­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thought and reexamination of nature ting married and living off poppa.. that made modem science and technol­ Monday, February 26, 1973 If Vietnam was right, only a. relatively few were called in the eleven long years. If Viet­ ogy possible and ha:s influenced the arts, Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, with the nam was wrong, it was a cruel hoax on the religion, literature, and the social sci­ passing of Asa J. Smith of Indianapolis, men who went. ences for the past 500 years. It is fitting the Hoosier State lost one of its finest It is impossible to describe the real Asa J. that we should honor this great scientist. and most colorful individuals. Smith. He was different things to different I have, as you know, introduced a joint The following tribute was written people. To women, all women, he was a. resolution in the 93d Congress request­ courtly gentleman. To Marines the world to him by Mr. Irving Leibowitz, former over who served with him, or under him, he ing the President to proclaim the week of managing editor of the Indianapolis was a gutsy, crusty character who would pro­ April 23, as "Mikolaj Kopernicus Week" Times and now editor of the Lorain, mote a private on the spot for challenging a. marking the quinquecentennial of his Ohio, Journal. particularly stupid order. To a. reporter like birth. National recognition of Kopernik The tribute follows: me, he was a.n honest public official with a would be an expression of sentiment ap­ Wn.L WE BE ALWAYS FAITHFUL TO MEN WHO fantastic sense of humor who once crashed ropos of a nation whose own brilliant SERVED? through my editor's door and demanded (as strides in space began with this man's a joke) that I be fired-"for telling the discovery. (By Irving Leibowitz) truth." Asa J. Smith hated fake patriots. He did Once, when I called Asa Smith a conserva­ As we pay tribute to Kopernik in this not like guys who wrapped themselves in the tive in the paper, he phoned and roared: "I 500th anniversary year, let us also praise :tla.g for political purposes. order you to print a retraction. I'm not a. the generations of scientists inspired by Asa was my hero. He fought the good fight. conservative, I'm a. reactionary." him, who through the creative and dis­ A Methodist, he battled the Ku Klux Klan But he wasn't. He roared like a lion. But ciplined exercise of the human mind, in Indiana in the 1920s. A Republican, he he was gentle and kind and had compassion have contributed significantly to a half­ was deputy prosecutor who did much to for all people and a.n appreciation for what millenium of progress in understanding expose the Indiana highway scandals and America was all about. convict powerful politicians in his own party. l'he mustard gas attack he suffered at the physical universe. A citizen, he took the dying declaration of a Belleau Woods in World War I finally blinded Yesterday the people of the metropoli­ pretty Statehouse secretary and used it to him for a few years before he died. But he tan area of Milwaukee paid tribute to convict Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon, D. C. didn't think of himself in those lonely years Mikolaj Kopemik. The 500th anniver­ Stephenson of a nasty, brutal and sadistic he spent with his gracious and long suffering sary committee of Wisconsin under the sex: murder. wife, Tweedy. His concern was of other men direction of the able and untiring efforts Asa Smith was a conservative Republican, in other wars who came home with psycho­ of the general chairman, Dr. Edward J. a lawyer, a. writer, a. politician, a. historian, logical and physical wounds. a gentleman and one of the proudest mem­ Tomasik, chairman John A. Jukubow­ bers of the United States Marine Corps, in Asa wanted all of us to keep the faith with ski, and cochairman Harold J. J ankow­ which he was a. private during World War I these men. He didn't want them to be for­ ski arranged a most fitting ceremony, and a. lieutenant colonel in World War II. gotten, to be considered suckers, to be. left banquet, and program. The theme of the You never knew Asa.. And you won't now. alone after the shouting and tumult of evening and of events scheduled through­ Asa died in a nursing home in Indianapolis homecoming had died down. out this year was embellished even in Monday night-the day our prisoners of war He felt that serving your country in war the entertainment provided by two Polish returned. was a.n extraordinary sacrifice tha. t all of us should remember with more than just sym­ cultural groups: the Krakow Polish Asa would have loved the simple but elo­ dancers directed by Miss Annette M. quent and informal homecoming at Clark pathy. There just isn't enough you can do, Air Force Base we saw on television. No Asa believed, for the men who were prisoners Kuligowski and the new life choir di­ victory parades. No blaring bands. of war, or for the famllles (especially the rected by Prof. Janusz Oksza-Czechow­ Just the men walking heads erect down sons and daughters and wives), of the men ski. the ramp of the big flying hospital, saluting who did not return. The president of Polish American Con- 5458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 gress and Polish National Alliance, At­ Since the jibe was in Latin, a modicum of c-urious truth that it was Mikolaj Kopernik torney A. A. Mazewski presented a "Mes­ skill in classical languages is needed to un­ in 1543 who gave to the cosmos of his age sage from Polonia"-to the People of derstand it now. But it is a historical curio­ the basic structure and dynamism that we sum interesting enough to explain. recognize today also in the atom. In our Poland via Radio Free Europe. The Narratio Prima (First Account), a sur­ young atomic and space age the cosmos and The principal speaker, Prof. Edmund vey and summary of the principal features of the microcosmos are thus scientifically in­ Zawacki, University of Wisconsin-Mil­ Kopernik's new astronomy had been written terlocked by the continuity of Kopernik's waukee, stirred the audience with his and published with his permission by his tremendously siinple concept. It would not commemorative message entitled "The pupil, Joachim Rheticus, in 1540, three years be far from the truth to say, in fact, that the Modernity of Mikolaj Kopernik." While before the full work reached print. It ex­ 400-year process whereby man interlocked pointing out the many problems and dif­ cited comment and discussion as might be himself scientifically with both the universe ficulties Kopernik encountered in the expected. In 1541, Martin Luther, for ex­ and the atom, began with De Revolutionibus ample, wrote to a friend, "Der Narr wlll die Orbium Coelestium in 1543 and culminated in 16th century, Professor Zawacki elo­ ganze Kunst Astronomiae umkehren" (the 1951 with another mathematical treatise en­ quently emphasized that the efforts and fool wants to upset the whole art of astron­ tiltled Initiation of Thermonuclear Reac­ achievements of Kopernik should be omy), but it was Luther's friend and coun­ tions. The latter is still a top-secret U.S. emulated by all of humanity in coping selor, th.e great German theologian and document. with our most difficult problems and scholar PhiUpp Melanchthon who, writing to In 1951, it was an American citizen, Stan­ . tribulations of the present day world. Burcardus Mithobius in the same year, made islaw Ulam, who perhaps also intul:ted the I commend Professor Zawacki's well­ a now historic Latin jibe in order to illustrate cosmic poetry Kopernik found in genuine researched and prepared remarks to the an absurdity (It must be said that the Latin science. Like Mikolaj Kopenik, Stanislaw itself is elegant): " ... rem tam absurdam Ulam, too, was born in Poland and acquired attention of our colleagues: ornare, sicut ille Sarmaticus astronomus, his methematical insight" at a great Polish THE MODERNITY OF MIKOLAJ KOPERNIK qui movet terram et ftgit Solem (to adorn university. His alma mate·, was the Jan Kazi­ (1473-1543) such an absurd thing, like that Sarmatian mierz University at Lw6w. It was Ulam in (A lecture by Edmund Zawacki (Univer­ astronomer who moves the earth and stops his treatise on thermonuclear reactions who sity of Wisconsin-Madison) at the Coper­ the sun). made the imaginative mathematical break­ nican Banquet in Milwaukee, commemorat­ In Melanchthon's scorn the barbed word through that solved the my:>tery of atomic ing the 500th anniversary of the birth of is Sarmaticus used in place of Polonus-11ke fusion, the process that goes on inside the Poland's great mathematician-astronomer­ "Polack" in English today instead of "Pole". sun. By mathematically demonstrating the Pfister Hotel, Feb. 25, 1973) Melanchthon knew the word Polonus for a dynamics and energy of the fusion process, Among a great many people in America Pole just as well as he knew the scholarly Stanislaw Ulam more perhaps than any the name, Copernicus, is rarely if ever asso­ distinction of the University of Krak6w in other single person ushered all mankind inrto ciated with Poland or Polish culture. Coper­ all Europe at the time. And he also knew the glories or the terrors of man-made nicus seems to be some mighty figure of that the Sarmatae were barbarians, described thermonuclear power. Latin or Greek antiquity in the misty re­ by Herodotus (5th century B.C.) as nomads In our transient 20th-cep.tury modernity gions of legend. Yet Copernicus, legend that akin to the Scythians, roaming the southerly the prime new scientific fact is that the he has become, was real, was Polish by birth, lands between the Volga and Don rivers. Dis­ orderliness and energy of the microcosmos education, and cultural heritage, and, to a · persed later by the Goths and the Huns, has been revealed and demonstrated. The Pole today speaking of Mikolaj Kopernik they were long thought erroneously to have atom is no longer a philosQphical fancy as in his own language, the Latin form, Nico­ been the ancestors of the Slavs and hence of it was in ancient Greek philosophy. Nor is it laus Copernicus would sound strange. No one the Poles. a chemical particle as it used to be in our in America speaks of DesCartes as Renatus The jibe would have been resented by Ko­ recent pre-atomic physics. The atom is now Cartesius for ·we know· he was a French­ pernik. Conceivably it might even have a knot of energy in space-like our solar man-and we pronounce his name in French. reached his ears. Many disparaging remarks system and our whole galaxy. Being so, it is Perhaps if we all knew that Copernicus was certainly did, for in his letter to Pope Paul iinmeasurably more significant for the future a Pole, his Polish name pronounced in III which he used as the preface to De Rev­ of man on this planet than just a new form Polish would be standard, too. In any case, olutionibus Orbium Coelestium, he deplores of gunpowder. given the title of my short lecture tonight, the morsus calumniatorum (the sting of the Man suddenly finds himself standing mid­ the modernity of the great Polish genius calumniators) and, using a Greek word for way between the atom and the universe, in­ will only be enhanced if we call him con­ emphasis, characterizes, as "mataiol6goi" terlocked with both. Some of us stand some­ sistently by his name in Poland today. It is (babblers) those, "who knowing nothing of what aghast at the destructive power of the not a difficult one for American-English mathematics presume to pass judgments atom-as well we might. The implications­ habits of speech-Mikolaj Kopernik (pron. about it and, by reason of some passage in technological, ecological, economic, political, Mee-koh-wigh Kohh-pehr-niik) Holy Scripture badly twisted out of its real social, moral, philosophical, religious-are, of When in 1543 Mikolaj Kopernik published meaning, attack and insult my work. I dis­ course, shattering to our previous 20th-cen­ his masterwork. De Revolutionibus Orbium regard them even to the extent of despising tury scientistic wisdom. Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the their judgments as uninformed." Obviously, But--as in 1543 when Kopernik published Heavenly Bodies), he established a concept Kopernik felt insulted as a scholar more De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium­ of the universe so tremendously simple that deeply than as a Polonus, but the restrained what has changed in Nature? he literally transformed reality for all man­ anger of his riposte is not that of a barbarian. In the atom as in the universe, nothing. kind. Still, although Melanchthon wrote in scorn, The change is again taking place inside the But what changed in Nature when a Polish never has anyone more succinctly described minds of men, in man's new convulsive re­ churchman-astronomer after a lifetiine of exactly what Mikolaj Kopernik did. In a later assessment of Nature, hiinself and God. mathematical labors in pious pursuit of century a Polish adage turned the scorn into With the formula E=mc 2, our whole con­ truth, stopped the sun and hurled the earth glory: cept of matter has changed, and, by the same spinning on its axis around it? Nothing Wstrzymal slonce, wzuszyl ziemie, token, our concepts of materialism, realism, changed in Nature. The change was in men's Polskie wydalo go plemie. idealism must also change-particularly and minds, in man's new understanding of him­ He stopped the sun and moved the earth, most urgently in political science or political self, of Nature, and Nature's God. The cos­ The Polish people gave him birth. ideology, or whatever else one chooses to call mology not only of medieval Europe but of all our human fallibility in political habits of preceding ag~s and the habits of thought, Kopernik's scientific genius-like all thought. Habit and truth are not the same philosophical, scientific, religious, about man, genius, perhaps-had something of poetry in thing. What used to be called Realpolitik is the earth, and God, which had grown up it, an intuitive grasp of the simplicity and turning (by reason of atomic "overkill" ca­ through tens of centuries on the belief that grandeur of truth. Toward the end of Book I, pabillty) into anachronistic folly, while what the earth was the special and immovable chapter 10, of De Revolutionibus Orbium used to be political idealism is beginning to center of God's Creation, were dealt a genu­ Coelestium, we see it glowing in his thought: look like a deeper more genuine realism. In inely pious and, therefore, mortal blow. The "For who could in this most beautiful philosophy and religion, the Naturalistic ap­ startling new world of modern science was temple (in hoc pulcherrimo templo-our proach (i.e. on the premise: "There is no God born. solar system) place this lamp (the sun) in a the Creator") is fincUng itself hamstrung in­ The new Copernican cosmology was, of different or better place than that from which tellectually by self-contradiction, a truth course, hard to believe. The very idea was it be at one and the same tiine illuminate demonstrated with remarkable simplicity by ridiculous, contrary to commen sense and the whole? • • * So, indeed, the sun, as if J. B.S. Haldane in his book, Possible Worlds: the testimony of one's own eyes. Even the sitting on a regal throne, governs the family "If my mental processes are determined stupid could see that the sun rises in the of revolving stars." wholly by the motions of atoms in my brain, east in the morning, sets in the west toward And Kopernlk concluded the chapter in I have no reason to suppose that my beliefs evening, then circles the earth to repeat the wonder as fervently pious as it is scientific are true ... and hence I have no reason for process endlessly. At Mikolaj Kopernik's ex­ and poetic: "How perfect in very truth is the supposing my brain to be composed of pense it even occasioned the first scornful divine work of the Best and Supreme Maker!" atoms." "Polack joke" of historical record. Distance in time perhaps obscures the Obviously, Haldane's own position is that February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5459 human reason is the pinpoint on which the the earth and the universe, a tradition he ministrators, reformed drug addicts image of God the Creator is focused in man, was aware was supported by the universal reliving their painful descents into the for unless this is true, no genuine insight church of which he was a faithful member. drug culture. But WTTW's overriding into the universe is possible. Even in a 500- When he had finished, it is no wonder he concern for dignity and calm prevailed. year retrospect it is much harder to regard could despise the uninformed "critical" judg­ Mikolaj Kopernik, for example, as benighted ments of "mataiologi" like Luther and No theatrical touches were added. The with religious superstition when he ex­ Melanchthon about his work, and politely station managers did not deliver acad­ claimed in pious scientific wonder: "How per­ but firmly assert in his letter to the en­ emy award performances; they merely fect in very truth is the divine work of the Ughtened humanist Alessandro Farnese provided the facts for public consump­ Best and Supreme Maker!" (Pope Paul III) that "Mathemata mathma­ tion. It bears reminding ourselves-from time to ticis scribuntur'' (Mathematics is written for At the time of the hearings, one critic time, at least-that the cosmic glare of the mathematicians). Not. until almost 70 years commended WTTW for its coverage but man-made hydrogen fireball is not the di­ after his death was the Catholic Church to expressed the fear that the Chicago vinely made and warmly luminous Coperni­ make its first move against his book, on the can sun by which all life on this tiny planet grounds that the relations between man and hearings would not have concrete re­ is sustained. Still, Kopernik-were he alive God were also involved. sults. He feared that the net effect on today-would perhaps be the first to ac­ As we look back upon Kopernik's scientific viewers would be exasperation and frus­ knowledge as the sagacious statesman he also achievement today, what we must recognize, tration. was, that the manmade E=mc2 remains in­ of course, is that sub specie aeternitatis Five months have lapsed since these exorably the light by which peoples and their (under the aspect of eternity) it was more hearings and I am pleased to note there governments must make moral sense on the than the culmination of his own career as a have been local as well as national re­ planet, earth, from now on, in their behavior mathematician and astronomer; more, too, sults. For the benefit of my colleagues, toward fellow-peoples and fellow-creatures. than a priceless gift to the world of the Thermonuclear power cannot be compressed learning Poland had fostered in the culture I submit a copy of my February 15 letter back into scientific non-existence, nor can it of her Golden Age-her laws, her university, to the executive vice president and gen­ be caged by man like a beast. It will be with her institutions for freedom of person and eral manager of the station, Mr. William mankind as a blessing to all eternity--or to conscience under law, her Christian neigh-. J. McCarter, which details these results: Doomsday as a curse. Such, sub specie aeter­ borliness in the religio-political tradition of FEBRUARY 15, 1973. nitatis, is our new modernity. It began with her history as a state. In very truth it was Mr. WILLIAM J. MCCARTER. Mikolaj Kopernik. a pulcherrima lampada, a · most beautiful Executive Vice President and General Man­ What manner of man was Mikolaj Koper­ lamp for all mankind. ager WTTW /Channel 11, Chicago Edu­ nik? Today in our atomic age, as mankind cation Television Association, Chicago, I am not going to trace his life in detail. stands somewhat aghast midway between the Ill. Suffice it to say that he was a genuine exam­ universe and the atom, interlocked with DEAR MR. McCARTER: Prior to the airing of ple of the ideal man of the European Renais­ both, there is need for another idea equally the Select Committee on Crime's September sance and its Revival of Learning-a man simple, dynamic and tremendous-the idea hearings by Channel 11, there was little citi­ genuinely expert in many fields. For one of peace among nations sub specie aeternita­ zen awareness of the seriousness of the drug thing, he was a highly educated man-in tis, conceived and elaborated in political problem. Additionally, the Board of Educa­ mathematics and astronomy at the Jagiel­ science as the opposite of war, not its mere tion had never had an opportunity to enum­ lonian University of Krakow; in canon law absence. Eternity is the new dimension im­ erate its personnel and monetary shortages at Bologna; in medicine at Padua. For an­ posed by the atom on political science in our . for the community. other, he was a creative man, extremely busy day. Only when this plain truth is accepted Channel 11 not only devoted air time for all his life--simultaneously an efficient ad­ and taken into account will the power of the hearings but further contributed by pro­ ministrator of extensive church lands and the atom become a blessing on this tiny viding a synopsis of the proceedings in the properties, a sk1lled artist-painter, a poet planet, and the cosmic glare of the man­ evening for those persons unable to watch and translator, a practicing physician, a sol­ made hydrogen fireball become one and the television during the day. dier of proven courage, a sagacious states­ same with the warmly luminous Copernican Many Chicagoans had read of drug use in man, an economist blazing modern trails in sun. The task is no more-but also no less­ the schools and watched isolated television that social science. Above all, he was a formidable than the one Mikolaj Kopernik programs about the need to combat it. But mathematician and astronomer of earth­ five hundred years ago undertook and ac­ never before had persons been exposed to un­ shaking significance. He was no secluded complished. interrupted days of testimony by school ad­ bookworm. ministrators, law enforcement officials and It is perhaps hard to imagine-given the students enrolled in drug treatment pro­ multitude of acttvities and dally responsibil­ WTTW-TV RECIPIENT OF ONE OF grams. ities, great and small, occupying him 16 HIRING GRANTS Chicago parents watched 18 year-old Leona throughout 40 years of intermittent war and Schlaiss tell of hustling drugs to afford them peace in Warmia-that Mikolaj Kopernik was for herself and Jeffrey Parks remember his simultaneously making carefully selected HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY combination of dangerous drugs which led to overdose and hospitalization. They told of astronomical observations, testing and refin­ OF ILLil:'lOIS ing his postulates for a revolutionary new dealing in lunchrooms, lavatories and on astronomy, working out the complex mathe­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school grounds. Their testimony could not matics of their proofs, and painstakingly sys­ Monday, February 26, 1973 have been more explicit. All admitted their tematizing them into the tremendous sim­ backgrounds were middle or upper middle­ plicity of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coeles­ Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, income. tium-an opus which, as the great French I received notification today that station As a result of the televised hearings, the scholar, Alexandre Koyre, observed, "he pre­ WTTW-TV- Channel 11 -in Chicago Chicago Board of Education spent three sents to us ... in a state of perfection that has been selected as the recipient of one months preparing drug proposals for sub­ is the despair of the historian." Truly, one of 16 minority hiring grants awarded by mission to the State Superintendent of wonders at the power of the man's concen­ the corporation for public broadcasting. Schools. The seven proposals involve curric­ tration. Yet he was also, as the Polish peas­ ulum development, staff development and ants of Warmia knew, a warm compassionate The notice mentioned the very real com­ implementation of programs. healer and friend always accessible to them. mitment on the part of the station man­ All proposals have built-in evaluators to All the accomplishments of this remark­ agement to make this new program provide periodic checks for effectiveness and able Canon of Warmia as a churchman­ meaningful. I have no doubts that possible improvements. The September hear­ administrator, physician, economist, soldier, W'I'TW-TV will use this grant to con­ ings indicated that the ratio of drug coun­ statesman, scholar and civic-spirited Polish tinue its policy of providing opportuni­ sellors to students was appallingly low. They citizen were on a level that may justly be ties for job advancement of minority further highlighted the fact that in-service called great. But as a scientist-astronomer all employees. training of teachers was desperately needed. these qualities of mind, heart and spirit were The results of the Chicago hearings in fact intensified a thousandfold. The very vastness I am not unfamiliar with the workings go beyond the confines of the city. Crime of the mathematical problem in Kopernik's of this station. I have been impressed Committee members introduced legislation conception of the heliocentric system would time and again with the timeliness and to amend the Elementary and Secondary have stunned mere intellect alone. Fortu­ professionalism of its broadcasts. WTTW Education Act of 1965 to provide for drug nately, in Mikolaj Kopernik, intellect was provided nninterrupted coverage of the abuse therapy programs on a national basis. sustained by the benign cultural traditions of Select Committee on Crime's Drugs in Action to combat drug abuse in Chicago Poland's Golden Age and a quiet heroism of the Schools hearings last September 21, schools would have come eventually without his own, and in pious pursuit of truth, he benefit of the televised hearings but the sense dared to undertake that scientific labor. In 22, and 23. of urgency and community awareness would good conscience and with scholarly calm he Admittedly, the hearings had all the have been lacking. Channel 11 appreciated challenged the triple tradition, philosophical, makings of a TV extravanganza-en­ the need for city-wide exposure of the drug scientific, religious, of tens of centuries about raged politicians, concerned school ad- problem in the schools and volunteered their 5460 EXTENSIONS OF REMAIU(S February 26, 1973 fac111ties for the hearings. Much of the credit SESAME OIL have FDA approval, the doctor replied, "A for the results rightfully belongs to the sta­ state health official told me I could inject tion. borscht into my patients if I wanted to. Sincerely, HON. EDWARD I. KOCH That was between me and my patients." He MoRGAN F . MuRPHY, OF NEW YORK declined to identify the official. Member of Congress. Referring to the development of his latest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES drug, "Bionar," used in experiments on ad­ Monday, February 26, 1973 dicts at the hospital, Revici said, "This pro­ duces the most amazing results of anything Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ A TIME FOR WORLD AND NATIONAL I have developed so far." ing is the third in a series of excellent Caressing a bottle of one of his drugs in RECONCILIATION . articles from the New York Daily News his left hand while he spoke, Revici said, which I recommend to my colleagues as "After several injections, the addicts sat up an indication of the very serious abuses and said, 'My God, I feel normal again.'" HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. of New York's medicaid system: WORKS 18 HOURS A DAY OF llollCHIGAN HOW MEDICAID PAID $457,000 FOR SESAME OIL He would not disclose the contents of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Wllliam Sherman) Bionar except to describe it as "butyl-oxy­ phenol . . . a combination of ether and other Monday, February 26, 1973 A 76-year-old Romanian-born physician, things in an oily substance." Emanuel Revici, announced to the world Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, recently Dr. The doctor, who lives at 1111 Park Ave., more than 20 years ago that he had devel­ insisted, "I'm not in it for the money. I work Walter Adams, professor of economics oped a cancer drug. Since then, the doctor 18 hours a day to help people.'' at Michigan State University, presented has claimed to have invented other drug Revici, a naturalized American citizen who the following editorial. I would like to remedies for alcoholism and narcotics addic­ was licensed to practice medicine in New share Dr. Adams' view of the significance tion. York in 1947, was born in Romania in 1896. His remedies have never r-.ceived approval His father was also a physician. of the ending of the war and am submit­ from the federal Food and Drug Administra­ ting his editorial for insertion in the From 1921 untU 1941, he said, he partici­ tion. pated in research experiments in Bucharest RECORD. So, city officials were dismayed las~ fall to EDITORIAL and later in hospitals in France. In 1941, he discover they had paid out $457,000 in medic­ fled from the Germans to Mexico, where he Much of the commentary on the Vietnam air funds for his panacea for drug addic­ organized the Institute de Biologica Aplicado cease fire has taken the form of self-justifi­ tion-injections of sesame oil, sulphur crys­ in Mexico City, the forerunner of his insti­ cation, recrimination, or uneasy apprehen­ tals, and other still unidentified compounds tute on E. 90th St. sion. Some observers boast that the United at a voluntary hospital here. In addition to those offices, the institute Stat es has forged a peace with honor, and The funds went to Trafalgar Hospital, 161 also occupies a laboratory at 161 E. 91st St., that this const itutes a victory. Others claim E. 90th St., where Dr. Revici, a short, stout where experiments in cancer research and that the settlement is little more than a sell­ balding man, is a trustee and the director other diseases are carried out on white rats out to communism, and believe that we of internal medicine. and mice. There, on the third fioor, between 1970 and should have fought on to total victory. Still "My theory of addiction treatment is that others voice the !ear that the cease fire is 1972, according to the records of the Health temporary and unstable-that the Vietnam.: Department, about 900 medicaid patients withdrawal pains are caused by an imbalance were injected with substances bottled vari­ of fatty acids in the body," Revici said. "Too ese will be locked in a bloody civil war !or much fatty acid with no heroin to balance it years to come. ously under the names "Bionar," "Perse," and "425-Rex." The drugs were touted by off during withdrawal, and the addict feels As I see it, these observers miss the main pain and the need for the narcotic." point. They ignore the central significance Revici as a cure for heroin addiction. Joseph A. Cimino, commissioner of the "Once we inject something that will neu­ of the settlement, namely that the longest tralize the fatty acids," he said with a gleam war in American history is finally over. The City's Health Department, said yesterday that the city had been unaware of Revici's in his eye, the addict feels no pain and loses last of our servicemen are being withdrawn; his need !or heroin." our prisoners are coming home; and the activities at the hospital for two years. Dr. United States wm no longer be bogged down Cimino called the experiments "unlawful, po­ WORKS ON TWO ADDICTIONS in a bloody and unproductive adventure in tentially dangerous, and inadequately con­ His theory of acid and alkaline imbalance the distant Jungles of Indo China. Given a trolled." He added that use of a new drug as causing disease and pain has also been similar cease-fire in Laos and Cambodia, this without FDA approval is a violation of the applied in his drugs for cancer and alco­ nation-for the first time in more than a city's Health Code. holism. In fact, he said, his drug called dozen years-wlll be at peace. The city had no way of knowing what was "Perse" was used to cure both drug addiction Peace in Indo China, however belated and going on, Cimino said, because the hospital and alcoholism. however tenuous, cannot be minimized. Nor made no mention of the use of the drugs on Several years ago, he injected several thou­ can the achievement of the Nixon Admin­ addicts. sand addicts with Perse, he said, "and we istration in negotiating the detente with the The Health Department, in its audit last achieved remarkable results.'' soviet Union and the reconciliation with the November, was also surprised to find that The FDA denied him "investigational drug People's Republic of China. It means that the city had paid for experiments on 260 ad­ approval," because Perse contained selenium, we can get on with the difficult task of co­ dicts who were hospitalized several days each a metal which is harmful when taken inter­ existence-the art of living side by side in with common colds. · nally. Still, Perse was used in experiments on the same world with nations holding dif­ These disclosures came as part of THE addicts at Trafalgar Hospital. ferent values and believing in different ideol­ NEws' continuing Medicaid Probe series, an "Once we took the selenium out of Perse, ogies. It signifies a recognition that in the in-depth investigation into abuses in the we had a drug similar to Bionar, but I didn't atomic age, no nation-however powerful­ city's $1.3 billion medical assistance pro­ perfect it until about a year and a half ago," can afford to strive for victory over its rivals. gram. Revici said. The only alternative to co-existence is mu­ Last Oct. 11, Jerome E. Driesen, the Health "After three days of treatment with Bio­ tual annihilation. Department's director of psychiatry, visited nar, the addict is completely free of any pain This recognition that co-existence is the Trafalgar Hospital, and, in a report, said and any need for heroin." basis for national survival in the world arena the addicts were admitted for diagnosed dis­ Again the doctor emphasized that he would also has profound domestic implictions. The eases they did. not have, and that even when realize "no financial gain" !rom the drug's time has come, I thinkr to achieve a similar a disease was appropriately diagnosed, it was sale, and said that he did not even have the co-existence among rival groups here at not properly treated in many cases. patent rights to the drug. home-between black and white, young and "In effect," Dr. Driesen wrote in his official An investigation of Health Department old, the haves and the have-nots. Now is the report, "they were all brought in for with­ records and the interview with Revici re­ time to fight the disease of polarization drawal from physiological dependency on vealed the existence of the Bionar Corp., with among our own people-to combat the divi­ narcotics, barbiturates, or even alcohol. Then an address at 505 Park Ave. siveness which leads to escalating extrem­ they were returned to the community with­ The Bionar Corp., it turns out, is con­ ism-to heal the conflicts which threaten to out after care." nected with Compudat Scientific Systems and turn America into another Northern Ire­ Recently, a reporter visi!ted Dr. Revici at another company called Camin Industries. land. With malice toward none, with charity his office at the Institute of Applied Biology, All three are presided over by Benjamin Payn, for all, with mature understanding that a 144 E . 90th St. He is the scientific director a. 58-year-old businessman. house permanently divided against itsert there in addition to his position at the hospi­ A News reporter and a. photographer found cannot stand, we must find the road toward tal, and it was there that he developed the Payn in his offices at the Park Avenue reconcUiation and tolerance which alone can drugs. address. assure the survival of all th.at is great in the TYPE A BORSCHT? A smooth-talking, well-dressed man, Payn American dream. When asked under what sanction he con­ said that Camin Industries "is a firm in At least, that's the way I see it. ducted his experiments, since he did not electrocoating and mechanical forming of February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5461 metals .." The company earned $2,449,390 last "We haven't been able to track down the and untested shipyard, even though the yard year, according to its financial statement. addicts to find out what happened," said Dr. was employing a concept of construction "I met Dr. Revici two years ago and was Cimino, the Health Commissioner. (i.e., modular) never before used on warships. impressed with his experiments," Payn said. The rest of the story is well-known-mam­ "He needed money, and we gave him about moth cost overruns, long delays, and now $100,000 for his research. In return, he as­ a series of negotiations between Litton and signed us the patent rights for Bionar. CONGRESSMAN LES ASPIN MAKES the Navy involving $400 million worth of "We took over the financial and commer­ "THE CASE AGAINST ROY ASH" bailout funds for the five-ship Landing cial interests in the drug, and quite frankly, Helicopter Assault (LHA) contract. Litton we did see a large profit potential in it. It is also hopes to produce thirty new destroyers much cheaper than methadone to produce HON. HENRY S. . REUSS at the so-called "shipyard of the future"; in and does not have methadone's addictive OF WISCONSIN which case, the LHA farce promises to repeat qualities." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES itself. The Navy is already attempting to "I don't expect to make any money out cover up $100 million in cost overruns on the of the drug for awhile," Payn concluded, "and Monday, February 26, 1973 new ships and more cost problems are maybe it will never earn any money." Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, our colleague expected. SULPHUR TREATMENT With its shipbuilding contracts in deep LES AsPIN has written an article for trouble, Litton's 1972 net earnings dipped The treatment of addicts with Dr. Revici's the February 26, 1973, the Nation which to a new low of only $1.1 million and the experimental drugs has been stopped at Tra­ speaks to the question of ~onfirmation firm's claim to even that amount is suspect. falgar Hospital, according to the Health De­ of the Director of the Office of Manage­ The company, in its annual report, includes partment. But not 'before an exhaustive investigation ment and Budget. The article follows: as part of its assets an undisclosed sum which by that agency showed that $457,000 in medi­ THE CASE AGAINST ROY ASH it anticipates that the Navy will pay to (By Representative LEs AsPIN) Litton in claims. The Navy brass thinks Ash cal funds was paid out. and his crowd don't deserve one thin dime; Investigators for the Health Depa'l'tment One of the top items on the House of in fact, the Navy is filing its own counter­ found that most of the addicts were "walk­ Representatives' current agenda is a Senate­ claims against Litton. The Navy charges ins off street," and that others were referred passed b111 to require the confirmation of Roy that Litton collected excess overhead at the to Trafalgar by doctors at Beth Israel Hos­ Ash as director of the Office of Management Pascagoula shipyard and temporarily held pital. and Budget. The legislation, spvnsored by 10 per cent of Navy payments that were due Dr. Revici told THE NEws that in addition Democratic leaders in both houses and sup­ to patients treated with Bionar, and a similar Litton subcontractors, in order to keep a few ported. by House Speaker Carl Albert, was extra bucks in Litton's near-empty coffers. drug he called "425" or "425-Rex", 3,000 other passed by the Senate on February 5 by a vote patients were injected with sulphur crystals. In total, the Navy says Litton owes the of 64 to 17. smaller fry $8 million. "We achieved marvelous results with the House passage is likely, but President Nixon sulphur, but t hen the patients started get­ More important than any questions that has already let it be known that he will veto may be raised about Ash's managerial skill ting stomach aches, so we had to discontinue the measure. It is not yet known whether the it," Revici said. is the conflict between Ash's job as over­ House and the Senate wlll have the muscle seer of the Navy's budget and his former Among the other drugs found in the third­ to override the President's veto, which is floor medicine cabinets of Trafalgar by position as Litton's chief officer during the designed to protect hiS new budget director time of a tangled and complex series of dis­ Health Department investigators was a drug from the Congressional scrutiny t'1.at the labelled "Sleep in Water." Nu'l'ses who ad­ putes involving the shipbuilding contracts. Administration undoubtedly fears. While The washington Star-News Pentagon re­ ministered the substance intramusculary said there is general agreement within the Con­ it was "used for sleep." porter, Orr Kelly, recently obtained a copy of gress that the OMB director should be subject the minutes of a meeting between top Navy Another drug found was "F C-12." Mrs. to Senate confirmation, it is particularly. ·Alice Scott, a registered nurse who works at personnel and Litton officials, including Ash. important for Congress to examine the public According to this record, written by an the third-floor station, said it was "put on and private record of Roy Ash. Other new bread and then given to a patient to eat admiral in attendance, Ash threatened-as Nixon appointees have been subject to hear­ · part of Litton's attempt to heist approxi­ to stop abdominal pain." ings before relevant Senate committees, and The nurses said that the drugs, including mately $400 million in bailout funds which to confirmation votes by the Senate itself, the company needs to pay for its miserable the Bionar and "425-Rex" solutions, were but Ash has never been asked. to explain ordered by Dr. Revici. performance on the five-ship program-to· a myriad of alleged frauds, lawsuits, insiders' go over the heads of Navy officia~s and take Nine nurses on three shifts injected the stock dealings and apparent conflicts of in­ his case to John Connally and the White drugs into the patients last September, two terest between his new position as the House. With Litton still trying to grab $400 years after the hospital started billing medi­ nation's budgetary czar and his earlier career caid for the experiments. million in bailout funds, and Ash its former as founder and later president of Litton chief executive publicly expressing an in­ An analysis of patients' records by the Indus tries. terest in the Navy's budget, Ash's conflict Health Department last October revealed Litton, once one of America's most pros­ of interest is hard to ignore. that seveTal addicts treated with 425 Rex, a perous conglomerates, has been sliding drug the Health Department found to be steadily downhill since 1967. From an all­ Of course, Ash has agreed to sell all of his identical to Bionar in composition, exhibited time high in October 1967, of $120 per share, Litton stock and convert it into a blind trust, nervousness, insomnia, and vomiting, right its stock has slumped to $10. When problems but even if he intends to act in the most up until the time of their release. first cropped. up in Litton's business ma­ honorable and upright way, the appearance chine division, profits dropped an incredible of potentiaa conflict of interest will still exist. FUNDS TRANSMITTED With a founder and former president of Lit­ On Oct. 30, Revici, Payn and the hospital 56 per cent from the first quarter of 1967 ton Industries controlling the purse strings, · administrator, Leo Lazarus, were called to the to the first quarter of 1968. But in the face of adversity, Litton always seems to have no sane Chief of Naval Operations or Secre­ Health Department office at 330 W. 34th St. an "everything's coming up roses" public tary of the Navy would impose on Litton a for an informal hearing. attitude. contract settlement which is not acceptable At the meetin g, Steven Rosenberg of the Ash told Forbes magazine in 1968, "We've to the company. Health Department charged that the patients already proved and we'll prove again in the But Ash's managerial failures at Litton and were treated with experimental drugs, and the conflicts surounding Litton's disputes that under city medicaid regulations, the future the virtue of our type of operation." He predicted to The New York Times that with the Navy are really less important than hospital could not be paid for such a pro­ the firm's growth trend "should resume in the serious questions that have been raised gram. By then, however, the $457,000 had about his personal integrity. Allegations of already been paid to the hospital. fiscal 1969 at the level where it stopped at the end of the first quarter of 1968." Ash's fraud, several lawsuits, a questionable land­ Dr. Rosenberg also charged. that the swapping deal with the federal government, patients were given Bionar befO'l'e they re­ predictions were unfulfilled. Total profits de­ clined in 1970 to $67 million and in 1971 and. insider stock trading all add up to a ceived treatment for the ailments cited on picture of dubious .personal conduct. Each the bills submitted to the hospital. Litton's net earnings sank to $50 million. But corporate optimism presumably helped of the incidents described below has received On Dec. 12, a second hearing was held, the company convince the j6b-hungry state wide public attention recently, with The and this time a representative of the city Washington Post taking the lead in exploring Corporation Counsel's office concluded that of Mississippi that it should float a $130 mil­ lion bond issue to finance what Litton de­ Ash's earlier wheeling and dealing. the $457,000 should be returned to the city. scribed as "a shipyard of the future" in While working at Hughes Aircraft along PROCESS OF RECOVERY Pascagoula, Miss. (See "The Litton Ship with Charles (Tex) Thornton from 1949 to Now, the city begins the long and arduous Fiasco" by Rep. Les Aspin, The Nation, De­ 1953, Ash was involved in what Morton Mintz task of trying to recover the medicaid money. cember 11, 1972.] Despite Litton's customary of The Washington Post described as an "epic Last week, Trafalgar Hospital was quietly euphoria, the shipyard has been nothing less executive suite struggle" over a series of suspended from the Medicaid Program, and than a disaster. Given the m111tary's habit allegedly irregular accounting practices at Health Department officials are still unable of fouling up weapons contracts, it comes as Hughes Aircraft Division. The result of this to determine the effect of the drugs on the no surprise that the Navy poured $3 billion dispute has been two major lawsuit~ne o:f addicts. in. shipbuilding contracts into Litton's new which probably wm be retried this spring. 5462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 Ash's troubles began during the summer per cent on this contract, and, in order to Times. "This is quite a different iSsue than of 1951 when one of his subordinates, James keep it we are going to hide it some place and the merits or the justice of the case." 0. White, began to notice irregularities in the best place to hide it is in the inventory Ash's problems with the government have the Aircraft Division's accounting system. accounts." not been confined either to the Defense De­ White eventually confronted Ash with the In 1962, in connection with another law­ partment or the courts; they also include irregularities, which Ash had allegedly suit, 'Dietrich provided a deposition to an some questionable wheeling and dealing with ordered. Ash, however, temporarily convinced attorney in which he described the entire the Interior Department's Bureau of Land White that the procedures were, in fact, per­ accounts' revolt and the alleged irregulari­ Management. In late 1969, Ash and Thorn­ fectly proper. "Ash is one of the world's great ties encouraged and managed by Ash and ton paid $142,000 for 22 acres of land in talkers.... He will go into oratory ... that Thornton. In a December 1962 press release, Point Reyes, Calif.-an area that the Park we really weren't cheating the government ... Thornton charged that Dietrich had been Service was attempting to acquire as part of and that there were even times when I went "maliciously defamatory" and filed - a $40 a 55,000-acre National Seashore. On Decem­ away believing it," Whtte reportedly said. million slander suit. Twelve thousand Lit­ ber 6, 1969, Ash and Thornton swapped Eventually, the disputed accounting ton employees were informed in a letter from their 22 acres of potential seashore land for methods, involving an Air Force contract, the company that Dietrich had made "ir­ 14,145 acres of ranch land in Nev:ada, adjoin­ broke into open warfare between Ash and responsible and malicious attacks" on ing the T-Lazy S Ranch which the two White's immediate superior, C. E. Ryker, Thornton (Thornton, with Ash, was a co­ men already owned. While Ash and Thornton manager of the Aircraft Division's account­ founder of Litton). The giant conglomerate thus acquired the Nevada land in 1969 for ing. Ryker was upset because Ash was ap­ declared that the accusation that the Air about $10 an acre, less than a year later parently ordering the Hughes accountants to Force had been overcharged was "completely land in the immediate area sold for $15 an overcredit certain inventory accounts. Simply false." acre. According to Jerry Hendershot, a Bu­ put, the accountants recorded larger with­ However, Thornton's slander suit was re­ reau of Land Management official in Nevada, drawals of material from the inventory than jected by a Los Angeles court in September such ranch land is commonly selling today actually occurred. Hence, Hughes could claim 1966. On the basis of Litton's letter and for $25 to $30 an acre. While no one neces­ that it was using larger amounts of material Thornton's public statements, Dietrich filed sarily condemns Ash and Thornton for their to complete its work for the Air Force than a $1 million countersuit accusing Litton and clever business dealing, it is interesting to was the case. Since Hughes's contract called Thornton of libel. After a two-month trial note that of thirty-seven proposed land for the payment of all costs plus 10 per cent in early 1968, Dietrich was awarded punitive swaps in Nevada, only one-Ash and Thorn­ profits, Ash's overcrediting of the inventory damages of $5 million against Thornton and ton's-was actually permitted by the In­ accounts permitted Hughes to collect extra $1 million against Litton. terior Bureau of Land Management. (It cash. Ash wasn't kidding-his allegedly After a great deal of complex legal ma­ comes as no surprise that reports are still phony accounting methods enabled Hughes neuvering, a new trial was eventually circulating that Ash and Thornton used a to collect an extra $43 million on the Air ordered. It will probably begin some time great deal of their considerable political Force contract! later this spring and once again all of the leverage on the Interior Department to force ins and outs connected with the Ash-Thorn­ the swap through.) In fact, it is now reliably One would expect a corporate executive reported that the Bureau of Land Manage­ accused of collecting excess payments from ton scandal at Hughes Aircraft should be aired publicly. ment no longer permits interstate land swaps. the government to deny the allegation. But Ash and Thornton were extremely lucky not Roy Ash. He conceded to New York Times Commenting on Ash's activities at Hughes, to get in just in time; they appear to have reporter Wallace Turner that he had allowed one veteran Washington reporter said that tripled their money in five years. the collection of $43 million more than "the record, which has never been persua­ Since assuming the office of director of Hughes was entitled to receive. But, he sively refuted, is one of knowing, active fal­ Management and Budget, Ash has been claimed, doing so did not violate the terms of sification of records with the purpose of slapped with another civil lawsuit, charging the contract; he had set up the special fund defrauding the government" by Ash while him and Thornton with defrauding the simply to hold the extra loot until a contract at Hughes Aircraft. owners of some of the businesses Litton ac­ renegotiation had been completed. (Even­ After Thornton and Ash left Hughes Air­ quired during its spectacular growth in the tually an embarrassed Hughes Aircraft Com­ craft in 1953, they went on to found Litton late 1950s and 1960s. While Litton claims pany did repay the $43 million to the Air · Industries, which would grow to the multi­ that the suit has "no merit,'' if the mas­ Force.) billion-dollar, yet troubled, conglomerate sive class action is successful, judgment Surprisingly, Ash's allegedly devious ac­ that it is today. They brought along with could result in the awarding of more than ·counting methods were designed not only to them two other men-Hugh W. Jamieson, a $100 million in damages. hoodwink the Air Force but also the home former Hughes Aircraft engineer, and Em­ The suit has been filed by the estate of office of the Hughes Tool Company. Accord­ mett P. Steele, who had been Hughes's John B. Rauen, a Los Angeles industrialist ing to White, in preparing monthly reports lobbyist at the Pentagon. In 1959, Steele whose Chainveyor Corporation was acquired to the home office, Ash again ordered that sued Jamieson, Thornton and Ash, charg­ in 1967 in exchange for Litton's convertible the books be juggled to cover up the alleged ing that they had deprived him of his preference stock. The suit charges that Litton overcrediting and also to make the Aircraft rightful share of Litton stock. Claiming that manipulated its business to drive up the Division's profits look brighter. "They were he was a cofounder of the company, Steele price of the special preferred stock, thus per- entries that were just false entries," White alleged that he was entitled to some of the . mitting Ash and Thornton to acquire vari­ said. "I have heard Roy Ash say, 'make an stock at a price of 10¢ a share-which stock ous new companies for a relatively small entry debiting so-and-so and crediting so­ had been sold to Thornton, Ash and Jamie­ number of shares. If the stock had been and-so,' and half an hour or two hours later son. The 10¢ s·tock was now worth hundreds traded at its alleged "true value,'' those or so the entry was in my hand and there of dollars per share. selling out to Litton would have acquired were just the figures needed to balance the The chief issue in the Steele trial, which a larger bloc of the shares. predetermined profits." Ash ignored White's opened in October 1964, was whether or not Ash and Thornton are also charged with numerous protests by saying, "You've got to Steele was a cofounder of Litton. Charles breaking a pledge to redeem 3 per cent of make them. Thornton promised the Tool V. Litton, the owner of the tiny electronics the 7 million shares of the convertible pref­ Company so much money this month and firm which was the first building block of erence stock annually. The suit alleges that we'll make it. So here's the entry ... you put the mammoth empire, testified that he had this was to be done on a graduated price it in the book." sold his company to four individuals, one schedule, beginning in 1967 at $51 per share. Eventually the dissatisfaction among of them Steele. The majority of a California Unfortunately for businessmen who gave White and other executives in the accounting jury that heard the evidence voted to award up stock in companies that Litton absorbed, department was brought to the attention of Steele $7.6 million. But since the jury's vote the convertible preference shares are now Noah Dietrich, executive vice president of was 9 to 3, the minimum number permis­ worth only $15 a share. Hughes Tool and for many years a personal sible under California law, thP. judge ac­ To top off Ash's sundry legal problems, confidant of _the tycoon recluse, Howard cepted a motion for a new trial. disputes with the Navy and questionable Hughes. According to Dietrich, Tex Thornton The new trial, set for September of last land swaps, he may have violated the Se­ acknowledged the alleged book juggling, ex­ year, was delayed when Steele died several curities and Exchange Commission regula­ plaining that the accounts were adjusted to weeks before it was scheduled t.o open. On tion on stock trading by insiders. Federal reflect the 10 per cent profit allowed by the October 5, a }Veek after President Nixon law prohibits any individual to trade stock announced Ash's appointment as director of on the basis of so-called "insiders' informa­ Air Force. Dietrich expressed total dissatis­ the Office of Management and Budget, Thorn­ faction with the Ash-Thornton operation by tion" that is not available to other stock­ charging, "You are improperly borrowing ton and Ash agreed to settle out of court holders or the general public. money from the Air Force on which you are for $2.4 million. When questioned about the The facts of this case are quite simple: be­ not paying interest." quick settleme:t}.t after his appointment to tween March and December 1970, according the directorship of OMB, Ash told The New When all the top accountants of the Air­ to Securities and Exchange Commission doc­ York Times that he feared a jury might re­ uments, Ash sold 86,797 shares of common craft Division of Hughes Tool threatened to turn a verdict for a still larger sum. "I think stock. At the time Ash was selling these large quit, Dietrich summoned Thornton for a when one comes up against a widow and an amounts of stock, evidence was already avail­ showdown. Dietrich quotes Thornton as say­ orphan case as this is, the defendants just able-privately but not publicly to the stock­ ing, "Noah, I want to tell you in confidence have to look at the experience others have holders-that Litton's shipbuilding program that we are actually making more than 30 had in similar circumstances," Ash told the in Pascagoula was in trouble. . February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5463 In May 1969, Litton was awarded the $1.3 of this event. As an honorary patron, I Transylvania, Thy powerful hand opened billion contract to build nine landing heli­ take pleasure in inserting in the RECORD the hearts and minds of our grandfathers copter assault ships. By early 1971 a con­ the inspiring invocation of the Rt. Rev. and fathers to accept him and hie; poetry as fidential General Accounting Office staff study Dr. Zoltan Beky, bishop emeritus, and their treasureLi'thuanian StBJte, which was bomb. could solve the world's energy prob­ These are some of the critical issues restored by the act of the Lithuanian Coun­ lems virtually for all time. But the tech­ that the public must understand. These are cil on February 16, HH8 and protected by nology for harnessing it still eludes us and the courses of action we must support and the bloody sacrifice of the Lithuanian peo­ no time-forecast for success is possible. follow. Life depends on it. ple, was recognized by the international As you have perhaps observed, the energy community; problem really breaks down into three time That in 1940 the Soviet Union occupied periods: First, the period covering the next and incorporated Lithuania into the USSR decade or so; second, the period reaching LITHUANIA-WE WILL KEEP OUR in violation of international law: into the beginning of the next century; and, PLEDGE That this occupation resulted in acts of finally, the long-term future. . genocide, deportation to Siberia, and exter­ In the near term, we must continue to mination of about one million Lithuanians; rely on fossil fuels. We simply have no work­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. That these illegal acts stUl continue to able alternatives yet available. There will be OF NEW JERSEY this present day as witnessed by the follow­ problems of supply, of price, of air and water ing acts which received worldwide attention: pollution-all severe and all interrelated. We IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES The defiant courtroom speech of the sailor will have to solve them as best we can. But Monday, February 26, 1973 Simas Kudirka, following his unsuccessful we can't continue indefinitely because we will attempt to escape to the free world on No­ run out. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, as the vember 23, 1970, and his condemnation in Through the balance of this century and years pass in the life of a nation-a na­ May, 1971 to ten years in forced labor prison; into the next, it seems clear to me that we tion whose dreams of political, cultural, The self-immolation of Romas Kalanta, have no choice but increasingly to turn to and religious freedom have been stifled, a young student and worker, in May 1972, nuclear fission reactors-the type that we a nation who, for 55 years now has ex­ which symbolized the Lithuanian people's and others are now building-to meet our perienced only oppression and domina­ protest against the occupying power and ener.e:y needs. They present us with problems their demand for freedom. too, but I believe they are being solved. Even tion, the thirst for peace and for the ba­ The petition of 17,000 Lithuanian religious here, the kinds of reactors now being built sic rights so long denied grows ever believers in 1971-1972 to Leonid Brezhnev would exhaust this Nation's economically stronger in the hearts of its people. There and Kurt Waldheim, protesting the denial recoverable uranium supply within a few is no turning back, no disillusionment, of religious freedom in Soviet occupied Lith­ decades. no acquiscence. uanian, under the risk of their personal That is why President Nixon, looking to The people of Lithuania demand an freedom. the long-term future in his Energy Message end to the Soviet violation of their sov­ We resolve: To request the President of in June 1971, proposed a program to build ereignty. They have never stopped fight­ the United States of America to instruct his this Nation's first breeder reactor. And that delegates at the Conference on European is why we. in TVA, backed by the utility in­ ing for the right to their territorial Security and Cooperation in Helsinki to de­ dustry generally, have committed ourselves integrity and they refuse ,to cease believ­ mand the withdrawal of the Soviet Union fully, along with the AEC and Common­ ing in the justice of their cause. Indi­ from the Baltic States of Lithuania, Latvia, wealth Edison Company, to its construction viduals do not stand silent but continue and Estonia and perml:t these people to ex­ and operation here on the Clinch River, near to risk and sacrifice their lives in defi­ ercise their sovereign rights in their own Oak Ridge.' ance of the Soviet regime. We cannot lands; The breeder reactor, utilizing uranium e~sily 'forget the unsuccessful escape at­ To ask the Congress of the United States and plutonium in its fuel has the unique tempt of the Lithuanian salior, Simas for their support of this request. ability to produce more fuel than it con­ Kudirka, the self-immolation of Romas Thus, let you once again say to the sumes I It can extend the life of our uranium reserves by about 100 times, solving our Kalanta, and the subsequent demonstra­ Lithuanian people, we have heard your basic energy source problem for many cen­ tions 'by thousands of young Lithuanians, protests, we have recognized your cou­ turies and giving us time to perfect nuclear and the petition of 17,000 Lithuanian rageous stand, and we will continue to fusion technology or perhaps something even Roman Catholics to Kurt Waldheim at support you in your difficult struggle to better. the United Nations. bring freedom, justice and dignity to all Truly, as the President, has said, the breeder On July 22, 1922, our Government rec­ your brethren. is "our best hope today for meeting the ognized the independence of the Lithua­ Nation's growing demand for economical nian people-an independence which clean energy ..." It must be developed for lasted only until 1940 when the Soviet safe, dependable, economical operation, com­ OBSCENE RADIO BROADCASTING VI patible with a clean environment. This is the Union 1nvaded and o·ccupied Lithuania, purpose of our demonstration plant. Latvia, and Estonia and forcibly annexed The problems of energy supply are not these Baltic States, placing them firmly easy for the layman to understand. They are under her yoke. We in the United States HON. JAMES V. STANTON so highly technical and so far-reaching in have never recognized this incorporation OF OHIO their implications and interrelationships and have continued to maintain diplo­ that even few "experts" can fully grasp them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in their total scope. But we all need to, in matic relations with the representative Monday, February 26, 1973 . fact we must, understand their essentials be­ of -the former independent Government. cause our survival depends on energy-in In 1958, at a meeting of the Lithuanian Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. tremendous quantity, at prices we can af­ World Congress, we, along with all free Speaker, over the past several weeks I ford, and produced without significant dam­ nations, were asked "not to be party to have inserted into the RECORD severai age to our natural environment. any agreement or treaty that would con­ items relating to my efforts on the sub­ These are the essentials: firm or prolong the sumordination of the ject of obscenity in radio broadcasting. Energy is vital to our survival. formerly sovereign Lithuanian state." The letter to Mr. Frederick M. Coleman, The amounts we need and use will con- Today, 15 years after this request and on U.S. attorney for the northern district 5468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 of Ohio, which follows is self-explana­ who feels offended by what he hears over speech and Section 1464 are not mutually tory. WERE need not listen to that station, I exclusive. The courts have so held. There­ believe this is too glib an answer for me or fore, WERE must lbe told and the people Previous material on this subject ap­ anyone else to give to the people concerned. must be told-in terms clear enough for peared in the RECORD on February 5, 6, Switching off the station does not stop the bo'th of them to understand-where the 7, 8, and 21: · broadcast. Therefore, if what is being said rights of one party must prevail and where CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, on the air is indeed adverse to the public the rights of the second will supersede. I HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, interest, we then have a problem affecting believe tha:t your le'tter to me might at least Washington, D.C., February 21, 1973. the entire community, not merely the sensi­ begin the process of accomplishing this. The Mr. FREDERICK M. COLEMAN, bilities of certain individuals. First Amendment is so strongly rooted in our U.S. Attorney, Northern District of Ohio, U.S. The reason I am asking you to state public­ trad,itions and in our jurisprudence that I Court House, Cleveland, Ohio ly the rationale for your decisions in this have no fear it will endure whatever action DEAR MR. CoLEMAN: On February 15, whlle area is that I hold so strongly that it is you might take, wether U be in the form I was in Cleveland, my Washington office re­ important for the people of our community of court proceedings or simply an attempt to ceived from you a mere four-paragraph re­ to feel assured that their oft-stated griev­ explain your rationale to the public. ply to the four-page letter I had sent you ances are given serious consideration, and My letter went on to state that I am mind­ January 30, concerning Radio Station WERE. that their public officials are responsive to ful not only of your responsibility in this Your letter, dated February 12, said in its them. Frankly, in the face of a statute so area but also that of other public officials. entirety: clearly worded as Section 1464, I myself find including mysel1". My duty, specifically, is to In reply to your recent communication, re­ it difficult to convince my constituents that de'termine whether there is a need for addi­ specting possible obscene broadcasting by it is not being violated time and again by tional legislation in this area. Obviously, I Radio Station WERE, I wish to advise you some of the broadcasts emanating from cannot discharge my own responsibllities that I have taken the matter under careful WERE. adequately unless you furnish me with the consideration. In compliance with your re­ I fully realize that words ltlF;e "obscene", data I requested. 'As you know, I have writ­ quest, I have directed a review of the broad­ "indecent" and "profane", while clear in ten also to the Federal Communications casts of the Gary Dee show for January 17, meaning to the average person, do create Commission, the House's Chief Legislative 1973, and also the Farley Wheelwright pro­ semantical problems for lawyers and judges­ Counsel and to your superior, the United gram for the same date. especially in view of the free speech guaran­ States \Attorney General. You have received Following a careful analysis of these broad­ tee of the First Amendment to the United copies of all these communications. casts, I must again decline prosecution based States Constitution. But I am certain that I At this time I am awaiting too a reply to upon a violation of a federal statut~. know the people of the 20th Congressional my subsequent letter to you of February 9, I shall be happy to discuss with you, or a District, and I have no doubt that they, like 1973, which sta'ted: member of your staff, confidentially, the people everywhere of average intelligence, I would appreciate your informing me as basis for my decision. would be able to understand why these words to whether all the tapes you requested of I trus,t that I have been responsive to your might or might not be legally applicable to the January 17 broadcasts by Station WERE inquiry. some of the WERE talk shows, providing that were made ,available to you ·by the station. The fact is, Mr. Coleman, that you have the public officials responsible for the en­ Whatever d.tfficul'ties you may have had in not been responsive to my inquiry, and I forcement of Section 1464 were to offer them this connection, either with respect to the must advise you at this time that I do ex­ a thoughtful explanation. Whether they ac­ November 1 or January 17 broadcast days, pect a more extensive reply from you cover­ cept the explanations is another matter. But would be of interest to me, since it is con­ ing all the issues I raised on January 30. I at least they ought to have it. ceivable that legislation might be required did not, as your letter implies, simply ask We are dealing, after all, with a statute to correct these problems. that you determine whether certain broad­ which, as you know, has been held by Federal Therefore, it would 'be very helpful to me casts by Station WERE have been in viola­ courts not to be in conflict with the First if you could send me a complete report on tion of Title 18, United States COde, Sec­ Amendment. As the United States Supreme this aspect of the situa:tion-again, as an tion 1464, which states: "Whoever utters any Court observed in the Red Lion Broadcast­ addendum to the information I have already obscene, indecent, or profane language by ing Co. case (decided in 1969): "It is the requested from you. means of radio communication shall be fined right of the viewers and listeners, nat the May I hear from you soon? not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not right of the broadcasters, which is para­ Sincerely, more than two years or both." mount." JAMES V. STANTON, Rather, I asserted in my letter to you: I submit to you that th-is is a pronounce­ Member of Congress. "What I need is an explanation of the cri­ ment worth keeping in mind, even though teria you use for making the judgment that it might ·be argued that Red Lion 'is not nec­ certain language is, or is not, obscene." I essarily controlling with respect to the is­ added, in anticipation of what ultimately did sues that might be posed by a prosecution AND NOW, BEEF become your decision: "In the event that you under Section 1464. again decide not to prosecute, I would ap­ In addition, we have had Federal court de­ preciate a letter from you listing each ex­ cisions specifically upholding the consti'tu­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS ample of the •questionable language• (to use tionaUty of Section 1464. I would refer you, OF PENNSYLVANIA your own phrase) that you found in your for example to Tallman v. United States and examination of the (WERE broadcast) tapes, United 'States v. Sml:th, two cases in lllinois IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES together with an explanation, in each in­ which were decided only last year. Should Monday, February 26, 1973 stance, of why these utterances failed, in your research indica'te Ito you that these your opinion, to meet the legal test of ob­ cases are not helpful in ·consideration of pos­ Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, we have scenity." (Emphasis added.) si,ble act-ion against Station WE'RE in Cleve- watched in recent weeks as the heavy I want to state unequivocally that I have 1and, perhaps you could explain this too, in shipment of U.S. wheat at a fixed no quarrel with your decision not to prose­ your forthcoming letter to me. bargain-basement price to the Soviet cute. That is a judgment for you to make-­ Because we are obviously dealing here Union reflected itself in the increased in line with the responsibi11ty that our Con­ w1 th an issue which goes 'to the very heart stitution assigns to you, rather than to Mem­ of our Constitution, J..t is important that we cost of bread and other baked goods to bers of Congress. But since we are concerned in public office face up to the challenge. I do the American consumer. here with a matter of broad public policy, not include you in the statement I am about Now we are seeing what that wheat why are you, as a public official appointed to make, since I know you personally and deal is doing to meat prices, a supermar­ by the President with the advice and consent respect you profes·S'ionally, but I have no ket area where it is having strong impact. of the Senate, so reluctant to make public doulbt you would agree that there has ·been By sending grain prices soaring generally the reasons for your decision? too much hand-wringing by Government by virtue of the enlarged demand, the I regret to inform you that I must reject laJWyers who fear they migh.t ·be entering a deal has made cattle feed higher in cost your invitation to a private briefing at which thicket of irreconoilia:bl'e conflicts were they you offer to explain your rationale "confiden­ to face this issue squarely. Yet we live with at the feedlots of the Middle West. tially." Both of us are public officials. As ConstUu'tional tensions day lby day in our Normally, we are told in a news report I explained to you in my letter of January country. On the one hand-to cite one re­ from Kansas City, a feedlot steer gains 30 (most of which I reproduce here because curring example--we have the guarantee of a a pound in weight for 24 cents or less in I want my own position clearly understo0<1): free press, and on the other hand, the guar­ the cost of the grain ration. Today, this I strongly believe it is important that this antee of a fair trial. When the two collide, figure has mounted to from 28 cents to information be given to the public. There we do not obliterate one in favor of the other; 35 cents and on less efficient feeding 1s a great deal of concern among my con­ rather, since we value 'both of 'these guaran­ stituents over the effects that these broad­ tees highly, we seek to establish a public operations to 50 cents a pound. casts might be having on community mores, policy that permits the two of them 'to co­ Moreover, the wheat shipments toRus­ and especially over the impact they might exist-safely if not comfortably. sia now underway in full force have be having on children and adolescents. While We are apparently faced with such a sit­ made domestic farm shipping and de­ it is true as some have said, that anyone uation with respect to WERE broadcasts. Free livery more difficult and costly. Vernon E. February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5469 Meckel, a cattle feeding company execu­ This is in line with the Soviet's con­ the continued enslavement of the peoples of tive, is quoted on this point in the Kansas tinued suppression of human rights, the Eastern and East Central Europe who were described by the said public law as captive City report. He said: denial of religious freedom and self­ nations; and Exports are fine and we hope they will con­ determination. Such has been the case in Whereas the Hungwrian, Polish, Czech, Slo­ tinue, but we should realize that the huge Lithuania ever since the terrible summer vak, Carpatho-Ruthenian, Latvian, Lithuani­ sales abroad raise our cost of producing beef. of 1941 when Soviet forces herded over an, Estonian, East German, Rumanian, Bul­ And what are the prospects for ' the 30,000 Lithuanians into cattle cars garian, Albanian, Ukrainian, and White Ru­ American housewife and her strained headed to the slave labor camps of then1·an peoples may only look to the United Siberia. These massive deportations of States and the United Nations for the res­ food budget? The Kansas City report toration of their national self-determination contains predictions that beef prices. June 1941, were just the beginning of a and political independence; and already a source of stock to the food long-range Russian plan to assimilate Whereas the member nations of the United shopper, will go even higher-perhaps by and eliminate the Lithuanian nation, Nations have failed to bring before the Gen­ 20 to 30 cents a pound by the middle of making it an unresisting part of a homo­ eral Assembly for successful discussion the next summer. genous Soviet society. pr<;>blem of self-determination and political Beef prices, it can be added, will carry More than 30 years later, though the independence of the peoples of Eastern Eu­ approach is less blatant, the results are rope; and other meat, poultry, and fish costs along Whereas despite the numerous resolutions with them because more and more shop­ the same. Youth groups, supposedly vol­ passed by the United Nations General Assem­ pers will be compelled to turn for a time unteers, are organized to leave Lithuania bly, Russian occupation troops are stlll main­ to these alternate products and thus in­ to settle in Siberia. The tactics by which tained in Hungary and the issue of their re­ crease the demand for them. We already these groups are organized range from moval has not come up for discussion in the have noted this overall effect in the stores political pressure to exaggerated claims Assembly since 1962; and where, for example, fish now is gaining and promises. All young people who have Whereas it is vital to the national security completed their service in the Soviet of the United States and to the perpetuation in price almost at the same rate as of free civilization that the nations of the steaks and roasts. Army are encouraged and enticed to stay world act in concert through the forum of This, of course, is bad news not only in Russia rather than return to their the United Nations in demanding national to the American family but to the infla­ homeland. self-determination and political independ­ tion fighters here in Washington. But it For those who have completed their ence for the peoples enslaved by Communist is news which contains another lesson of sentences in Siberian labor camps, the governments; and marked significance to our troubled Na­ return to their native land is made ex­ Whereas the Constitution of the United tremely difficult. Some who do manage States of America, in article II, section 2, tion because it serves as one more dem­ vests in the President of the United States onstration of what happens when those to make it home find life in their native the power, by and with the advice of the who deal for us in foreign affairs neglect countries so difficult they return to Senate, to make treaties and to appoint Am­ to understand, let alone protect, our own Russia of their own volition. Moreover, bassadors: Now, therefore, be it interests. Did those who made the Rus­ many Russians are being brought into Resolved by the House of Repres.entatives sian wheat deal and locked it in on the Lithuania, especially into the larger (the Senate concurring), That the President price which prevailed at the time realize cities, so that today the Russian popula­ of the United States is hereby authorized tion of some of the major metropolises in and requested to instruct the United States that such an arrangement would send Ambassador to the United Nations to request the grain quotations skyrocketing for Lithuania is reaching the 50-percent at the 1968 session, that (1) the United Na­ the domestic consumer and end up as a mark. tions insist upon the fulfillment of its char­ new drain on family budgets and a sharp The final outcome is •obvious. The ter provisions based on self-determination of worsening of the inflation problem? If Lithuanian people will become a minority all peoples in the form of the sovereign equal­ they foresaw these consequences and yet group in their own country. ity of states and condemnation of colonial went ahead, then they are guilty of hav­ These critical issues of the rights of rule; and (2) the Soviet Union be asked to abide by its United Nations membership obli­ ing wronged us severely. man must be raised at the forthcoming gations concerning colonialism and interfer­ I am willing, however, to give them the European Security Conference in behalf ence with the sovereignty of other nations benefit of the doubt--accept the evi­ of not only our Lithuanian friends, but through the withdrawal of all Soviet Russia dence that they blundered into a bad of all the Baltic nations. And, further, we troops and agents from other nations now deal-if they can assure us now that the should continue to insist that the United under Communist rule and through return­ practice will not be repeated-that, in Nations invoke provisions of the Charter ing to their respective homelands all polit­ ical prisoners now in prison and labor the future, the American interest will to require the Soviet Union to abide by its camps; be it further be their chief concern and not that now obligations concerning colonialism and Resolved, That the President of the Unilted discredited policy of seeking to gain interference with the sovereignty of States is further authorized and requested friends for us overseas by buying them other nations. I have called for an ex­ to use all diplomatic, treaty-making, and out of the earnings of our people. That pression of this principal in my House appointive powers vested in him by the Con­ super generosity which has carried along Concurrent Resolution 29, which follows: stitution of the United States to augment since the first foreign aid appropriations H. CoN. REs. 29 and support actions taken by the United has been the source of many other hard­ States Ambassador to the United Nations in Whereas the United States of America was the interest of self-determination and poUt­ ships here at home in addition to meat founded upon and long cherished the princi­ leal independence of these nations. prices which, like the proverbial cow, ples of self-determination and freedom; and seem bent on jumping over the moon. Whereas these principles, expressed in the sovereign quality of nations, are the very rea­ son for the existence of the United Nations, as set forth in the charter of that world or­ SELF-REGULATION OF DRUG ganization; and LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY Whereas the United States and all other ADVERTISING ON TV members of the United Nations have solemnly pledged themselves to make these principles HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL universal and to extend their benefits to all HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY OF OHIO peoples; and OF U.LINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF RE~RESENTATIVES Whereas on December 10, 1948, the Gen­ eral Assembly of the United Nations passed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1973 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Monday, February 26, 1973 which was accepted both by the United Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Mr. MURPHY of Dlinois. Mr. Speaker, it has been pointed out that there is a States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ country in which the 55th anniversary publics, defining said rights as relating to in the early days of this country, medi­ citizens of all member states; and cine men stood in the rear of brightly bitter irony in the fact that the only Whereas since 1918 Soviet communism this month, of the Declaration of Inde­ painted horsedrawn wagons and peddled has, through the most brutal aggression and their wares. Their products were guar­ pendence of Lithuania cannot be ob­ force, deprived m1llions of formerly free peo­ served is in Lithuania itself. This is, of ples of their right to self-determinatio:tl; and anteed to eliminate such unrelated ill­ course. because of the continuing Whe:Alas the Congress of the United States nesses as dyspepsia, baldness, and gan­ occupation and subjugation of that has unanimously expressed in Public Law 86- grene. Until recently, it was thought that nation by the Soviet Union. 90, approved July 17, 1959, its revulsion at today's standards and regulations made 5470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 the outrageous c aims of yesterday's December 29, 1972, issue of the Mil­ lands of other counties in Illinois. The crop medicine men laughable. waukee Journal. I would be pleased to yield increases immensely when this is done, But let us look at the facts. Today's pr'Ovide further information on the sub­ but there are local objections-chiefly be­ television commercials urge you to take ject to Members who are interested. cause of stench, which nevertheless may be a pill to tranquilize or stimulate, to check diminished or eliminated by plowing or WHY Do WE AMERICANS WASTE OUR WASTES? proper pretreatments. tired blood, or generally help you cope (By Russell Kirk) In one way or another, all this sewage with everyday anxieties. Occasional in­ As all gcod farmers have known since the used to go into Lake Michigan or other wa­ somnia is no longer acceptable, head­ early beginnings of systematic agriculture, ters, destroying fish and other f:orms of aches are never mild and a cold must the best way to get good crops is to enrich aquatic life. not be permitted to run its course. the soil with "waste" products-vegetable, Private enterprise, rather than government, Healthy 16-year-olds are urged to join an:mal and human. That keeps up the bal­ has lej in this reclaiming of "wastes." Take the "Geritol generation" and parents are an-.::e of nature. too; while nitrates and other Gerber products, the great canners of baby conditioned to repress legitimate out­ modern "scientific" fertilizers may burn out fOJdS. the soil upon which t h ey produce large crcps Recently I talked with Dan Gerber, the bursts at their children. for the short run. patriarch of the numerous Gerber clan, at The smallest inconveniences and frus­ Ever since t:te privy gave way to mode!"n his headquarters in Fremont, Mich. Farmers trations warrant immediate medicinal sewage systems in America, almo3t all !luman from m-any miles around sell their vegetables relief. One authority warns, however, sewage has been wasted literally-indeed, and fruit t::> Gerber's tremendous plant there, that since such a large fraction of the flushed into our streams, it has polluted and and of ccurse the cannery must dispose daily promotional material is misleading or virtually ruined great rivers and lakes. Only of masses of vegetable waste. deliberately deceptive, the layman t8day, tardily, are Americans waking to the But Gerber doesn't waste the waste. For the should not believe any claims whatever fact tr• at tr. is is imbecilic policy. last 21 years, the firm has been spraying all Any Chinese peasant knows that. In China this "waste" upon many fields in the vicinity for over-the-counter drugs. for centuries, peasants have built neat little of Fremont: from 600,000 to one million gal­ Following nationwide hearings by the privies alongside t ~1 e roads, inviting passers­ lons of it daily. Select Committee on Crime or drug use in by to relieve tbemselves on that property; FIELD SPRAYED 'ROUN::J THE CLOCK our schools, the committee strongly urged thus tbey obtain fertilizer for the~r fields. They spray the soil for two hours, let it the television · industry to voluntarily It is so in Japan, too, where every agricul­ rest two hours, and then spr :1y again 'round regulate advertisements for nonprescrip­ turalist knows that human dung is worth a the clock. They have maintained test wells to tion medicines. Committee testimony fortune, over the years. A few years ago, a check on subterranean water pollution; there stressed that children at an early age British merchant, the friend of a friend of is none, nor does all this spraying raise the mine, living in Japan, happened to pass a water table. The fields so fertilized yield watch "acceptable" drug use on the tele­ ,Tapanese farmer on a narrow oath through vision and are later unable to distinguish vastly better than do fields not so treated, the fields. The peasant was carrying two big and the waste is disposed of without pollut­ between necessary and unnecessary buckets of human excrement, to scatter on ing streams. his lands. medication. Go thou and do likewise, municipalities. I was thus gratified to learn last week THE ENGLISHMAN SMILED POLITELY The most oQvious way to renew the land, and that the National Association of Broad­ With dexterity, the Englishmen contrived to avoid polluti-on by such wastes, is to put casters' code review board unanimously to squeeze past the peasant without being back into the soil what originally came from approved self-regulation of drug adver­ splashed. He· smiled politely at his neigh­ the soil in the form of grasses, vegetables and tising effective September 1. I was par­ bor and said good morning, as if he had not fruits-organic matter. ticularly interested in the regulations noticed the awkward burden. If we fail to do that, we soon starve the Grateful for . the Englishman's courtesy, soil, starve ourselves eventually, and face the affecting children's contact with drug the Japanese reciprocated in kind. The fol­ prospect of drowning in our own wastes. advertisement. I applaud the elimina­ lowing morning, the merchant found on his What the organic gardener does with his tion of drug advertising during and ad­ doorstep a reeking crock of dung-a present compost heap, the great city can do profit­ jacent to children's programs. Further­ from the farmer, who thus gave his English ably, with its sludge. more, I trust that celebrities, authority, neighbor some of the most valuable capital and sports figures will confine themselves he possessed. to drug education rather than the pro­ Most Americans laugh at the Hindus' at­ tachment to those famous "sacred cows." PSYCHOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSE motion of drug use. What we forget is this: Religious prejudices I will closely monitor the code board's aside, cattle make possible the existence of steps to restrict drug advertising while, the Indian peasant in vast regions. They HON. BILL ALEXANDER at the same time, lobbying to reinstate are more valuable if not slaughtered and funds for drug education spot announce­ eaten. OF ARKANSAS ments as well as more lengthy programs. Not only do they yield dairy products, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their dung fertilizes fields that have been Monday, February 26, 1973 cultivated for thousands of years, it supplies the only cheap fuel for household use in re­ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, in an WHY DO WE AMERICANS WASTE gions that lack wood or mineral resources, earlier issue of the RECORD, I share with OUR WASTES? and it even constitutes the chief domestic you an article "Our National Epidemic" building materials in large parts of India written by Dr. John ·Buckman, an asso­ and Africa. ciate professor of psychiatry at the Uni­ HON. GUY VANDER JAGT FROM MILWAUKEE, A FINE IDEA versity of Virginia School of Medicine OF MICHIGAN On my lawns in Michigan and round my and a noted authority in the field of trees and shrubs, I use Milorganite, an effi­ drug abuse. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cient and virtually odorless fertilizer that Monday, February 26, 1973 comes in bags from Milwaukee. It is processed Today I would recommend to my and dried sewage, which the city adminis­ colleagues the first part of a paper Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, tration sells on a large scale from its sew­ Dr. Buckman presented at the 24th an­ Members who are acutely aware of water age treatment works. nual Stoneburner lecture series, Febru­ pollution problems and the need for an­ Milwaukee has probably the best municipal ary 26, 1971, at the Medical College of swers to those problems will be inter­ services of all sorts of any city in America; Virginia in Richmond. This paper, the ested in a recent column by Russell Kirk, yet I am surprised that no other big place conclusion of which will be placed in a leader on conservative thought in the has yet emulated this undertaking, which combines disposal of wastes with ecological tomorrow's RECORD for your further United States. Dr. Kirk discusses a renewal. reference, gives us a deeper insight into method of recycling sewage wastes which Muskegon, on the other side of Lake Mich­ some of the reasons for drug use in our I have long advocated and which I have igan, also pioneers in such endeavors. There society: had the opportunity to encourage in the city sprays treated sewage on some 6,000 Muskegon County in my congressional acres of barren, sandy land owned by the PSYCHOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSE district. municipality, making all that land profit­ (By John Buckman) Dr. Kirk's article suggests that con­ ably arable. There were obstacles at law INTRODUCTION servatism, in its historic sense, offers di­ to this project, but now those have been sur­ Drug abuse in this country and, to a lesser rection to the Nation in solving some of mounted. extent, in the industrial countries of West­ Chicago, with the world's biggest sewage ern Europe has become one of the major our basic environmental problems. The works, has been trying to spray or plow its topics of discussion at all levels of society. article, which follows, appeared in the sewage-sludge into the derelict strip-mining Volumes are being written about it, millions February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5471 of dollars are being spent to control it, but The information explosion, the constant who may be violent and sexually deviant. At comparatively little effort is devoted to deeper bombardment that we experience from all an unconscious level, drug abuse is linked understanding of the phenomenon. It has the media of communication have drastically with self abuse; often the punitive over reac­ become part of the age long struggle between altered our concept of time and space and tion that to do with our suspicions that drug the young and the old, between the rich and have us be aware of some enormous problems, abuse is synonymous with loose sexual prac­ the poor, between the white and the black, like hydrogen bombs, pollution and over­ tices, forbidden masturbation, and cannibal­ and between the lawless and the law abiding. population, with the resulting increase in ism. Adam and Lohrenz (1970) document this It has certainly added to the polarization frustration, anxiety and, indeed, despair. well in their recent article. between the younger generation and the Society is in constant search of escape, one establishment. It has evoked numerous pres­ of the quickest temporary means of escape idential pronouncements, appointments of being drugs. congressional committees, and has given The television, from a simple m achine, has THE VANISHING PRESTIGE OF THE birth to · new breeds of martyrs advocating become the national babysitter, the substi­ tute parent, the teacher, the preacher, the U.S. DOLLAR; AN EXCUSE TO SELL legalizing use of all drugs by all adults, plus GOLD TO FOREIGNERS saviors of national morals and safety on the indoctrinator, and almost an extension of our other side who advocate even stiffer penalties bodies. Children spend an enormous amount for possession of marijuana. As a result of of time in front of television before they are old enough to select and judge. Mothers in HON. JOHN R. RARICK prolonged and growing publicity regarding OF LOUISIANA the issue of drug abuse, there has been a India may put opium on the children's direct financial benefit to all news media, breakfast and mothers in California may put IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES marijuana on the children's breakfast cereal publishing companies, illicit drug sellers, and Monday, February 26, 1973 pharmaceutical firms. as a form of tranquilizer. Our children are While all drugs, in fact, are being abused, I stuck in front of the television set which Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the finan­ shall concern myself only with those drugs then will act as a tranquilizer so that mother cial experts continue to tell the American which are being abused because of their can get on with her housework or so that the people that gold is inconsequential-that potential for producing a change of mood parents may entertain their friends uninter­ paper money backed by people's confi­ and or an altered state of consciousness. This rupted. On Saturday mornings, for instance, group of drugs has been used since prehis­ every channel on television is directed at the dence is all that is necessary for a me­ toric times; for example, the cannabis group children, with roughly the same nonsensical dium of exchange. has been known and written about for some horror comics which given the child most Again, the experts' rhetoric has back­ 5000 years. The early man, who largely relied bizarre ideas about aggressive behavior. The fired. The dollar has been devalued by on plants for food and medicine, soon found side effects of television programming are our leaders twice in 2 years and con­ that a number of plants, when ingested, becoming more and more obvious: tinues to be unofficially devalued in could produce in him altered states of con­ 1. By the time the child has reached six years of age, he or she may have seen on tele­ foreign marketplaces where no one seems sciousness, abolition of pain and change in to want U.S. dollars. Lack of public con­ mood. These drugs which we now call hallu­ vision over 20 thousand acts of violence. He cinogens or psychedelics were used with great also learns that violence is all right and that fidence in paper money has spurned a ceremony, and some were thought to be death is reversible because, "if the guy gets new gold rush and the U.S. balance-of­ sacred. They were not used with levity but killed today, he still comes back next payments deficit continues. were closely guarded and usually used by Saturday." It appears that the experts who tell priests for purposes like religious sacrament. 2. The child's fantasies about his own the people paper has replaced gold as healing, foretelling the future, communica­ omnipotence are maintained by the fact that money have done unto Americans as tion with the gods, communication with the he can, at will, change the channel or switch they would not do unto themselves. dead, or foretelling the disposition of the off the program he does not like. Children enemy on the other side of the mountain. deprived of communication with their par­ Americans are denied the right to own ents or with other children lack the ability gold. MOTIVATION FOR DRUG ABUSE to express themselves verbally; their own ini­ The more accurate purchasing power Berger and Porterfield (1969) state: "Per­ tiative, inquisitiveness, and exploratory of the dollar comes from working peo­ sons may use drugs to obtain one or more behavior is stifled. They begin to talk in of the fololwing goals"; ple who know the worth of money. From monosyllables and by identifying with the Frankfurt, Germany, street walkers 1. To achieve detachment from personal television set, talk in terms of "turning on," problems and troubles and to produce a state "tuning in," "tuning out." "turning off," have set the exchange rate at 2 marks of well-being and "dropping out." This, of course, has also · for 1 U.S. dollar. Things do not just 2. To establish an involvement with the become the language of the new psychedelic happen, they are planned that way. Our subculture that offers an identity and an generation. monetary prestige, like our national sov­ identification in society. 3. Intermingled with the scenes of violence ereignty, is under attack and vanishing. 3. To express hostility towards respectable there are news programs or debates which Now we are told that the sale of gold society and as a protest against the injustices have primarily to do with the bad news of owned by Americans ~ay solve the and restrictions imposed by the establish­ war, murder, arson, rape, robbery, crime, and ment. drug abuse just to mention a few. crisis-foreign, perhaps, but not Ameri­ Motivational factors may be divided into 4. A third ingredient on television is the can. personal and societal. solution and includes the numerous and I insert several news clippings: Personal very seductive pharmaceutical advertise­ [From the Washington Post, Feb. 10, 1973] Personal motivation for drug abuse may ments to do with drugs which make you feel FRANKFURT FLOOZIES DISCOUNT DOLLAR center around overwhelming intraspsychic more tranquil, happier, younger, sexier, and FRANKFURT, February 9.-Prostitutes conflict, present especially during adolescence more attractive to the opposite sex. The ad­ knocked one-third off the price of the dollar and centered around adult sexuality, hostil­ vertising industry has for many years em­ today. ity, dependency-independency issues, and ployed some of the best psychologists in order Women patrolling the streets around the identity diffusion. Secondary factors, arising to find out the psychology of buying and sell­ Frankfurt railway station said they were giv­ largely from this first group, may be: ing. They know that the best way to persuade ing American servicemen only two marks per 1. Fear of competition and failure people to buy is to have the product promise dollar-36 per cent less than the lowest offi­ 2. Fear of homosexuality to alleviate some of the sources of suffering cial exchange rate of 3.15 marks. 3. Fear of threatening mental illness or dis- and the feeling of inadequacy. Sex, strength, integration youth, and virility are implied; we are fur­ 4. The need to rebel ther lulled into a delusional belief that [From the Evening Star-Daily News, 5. The need to be caught and punished chemicals are necessarily safe. Feb.23,1973] 6. The need to explore the limits of one's DRUG ABUSE-SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES GOLD SOARS TO $95, DOLLAR VALUE DROPS body and psyche and to challenge one's re­ LONDON .-Gold leaped to another unof­ sources The struggle between the young and the old This is very deeply symbolized by the pres­ ficial price record again today, touching $95 7. The need for a hedonistic or orgiastic an ounce in early trading on the London free experience ent drug culture. One of the issues is not just whether drugs are safe but "who tells whom market. The value of the devalued dollar 8. The need to belong to a group or subcul­ nose-dived in early trading, threatening a ture what to do." Another issue is that the young are unconsciously, at least, convinced that new world monetary crisis. 9. The need for instant relief or instant Central banks in West Europe bought up answers (chemicals produce the most instant the old are jealous of the strength, youth, change). and virility of the young people and that they dollars today to support it when it dropped send them to wars to be exterminated. in early trading, and it steadied later. But Societal one London dealer said, "conditions have In the last 20 years, the pharmaceutical in­ The stereotype of the drug user been fairly hectic, and with the dollar being dustries have made enormous strides in alle­ When people talk about drug abuse, the supported heavily again today we could viating or even curing a vast number of con­ stereotype which is evoked in the imagina­ be in for another crisis." ditions. tion is of a heroin addict from the ghetto The gold price later declined in London. 5472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 The biggest dollar plunge was in West proaches. Few persons believe any new sys­ [From the State-Times, La., Feb. 16, 1973) Germany where it opened at 2.89 and quick­ tem can be functioning before next year at DOLLAR DEVALUING MAY CHANGE LIVES . ly sagged below its 2.835 floor price. The the earliest. Bundesbank bought up $10 million and The current system began at Bretton (By John Cunniff) propped up the dollar at 2.84 marks to the Woods, N.H., in 1944, when the Western na­ NEw YoRK.-While chances are great that dollar. One German bank said, "we're back tions agreed to stabilize world monetary re­ you will barely notice any immediate, per­ with speculation. Many believe the mark lationships by pegging the exchange rates of ceptible change in your life because of the will have to be revalued upwards." their currencies to the then-almighty dollar, 10 percent devaluation of the dollar, there In Paris the franc went lower, with both which was pegged to gold. The dollar, there­ are exceptions. commercial and financial dollars traded at fore, became "good as gold" and vice versa.. You may be hurt if: 4.5000, down respectively from 4.6240 and As long as this situation lasted, so did sta­ You are dependent upon imported prod­ 4.4950. bllity. ucts or parts. If you own a German or (In Washington, the Treasury played down But year after year, the United States sent Japanese automobile that needs repairs your the flurry in European gold and currency more dollars abroad than it took in. These bill might be higher after the dealer's pres­ markets. dollars went out for foreign aid, tourism, ent parts supply runs out and he needs to ("There's no flap here-no indication of investment abroad, the stationing of troops import more. any crisis," a spokesman said.) around the world, the Vietnam war and other You travel extensively in nations whose The dollar sank in London too. In early purposes that made America an international currency is now worth more in relation to trading it took $2.4925 to buy one pound spendthrift. the dollar. If you are on an unlimited ex­ sterling-the highest figure since the dollar As long as there was a dollar shortage, this pense account you may not be concerned. was devalued. In Zurich where the central made little difference. But over the years, a But you should be if your account is limited bank has refused to intervene to support dollar surplus built up. Suddenly it became to a daily or total figure. the dollar, the dollar dived to 3.11-3.13. In apparent that foreigners held too many dol­ You send money back to relatives in "the Amsterdam it fell from 3.1715 to 2.8550. lars. If they tried to cash them all at once, old oountry." Or you are an American living Sterling was 3¥2 cents higher than yester­ they would far outstrip the gold reserves in abroad, perhaps a retiree who receives a day's close of $2.4610. But it dropped back Ft. Knox. Social Security check from home ea.cll to $2.48 after news of intervention for the The United States, in other words, was a month. dollar in European markets. potential bankrupt. You work for a. company that distributes In Tokyo, the dollar improved slightly In international economics, as in anything imported products or which manufactures a. against the floating yen in light trading and else, there is too much of a good thing. As product containing imported ingredients. closed at 265.55, up .55 from yesterday's the supply of dollars went up, the demand Such a. company could suffer a. competitive closing. went down. The respect for the dollar weak­ disadvantage, mainly because of higher costs. Dealers used words like "frantic" or "hec­ ened. Foreigners reasoned that if the United You could be helped if: tic" to describe the new gold rush. One said States could not pay gold for dollars, what You work for a company that has been orders were rushing in from all over the good were they anyway? hurt by foreign competition. In theory, at world, and that the demand was "heavy." Mostly, these overseas dollars were held least, your company should now feel a Early trading today pushed. it to ranges by investors, speculators, a few oll-rich change in competition both at home and between $93 and $95. The official fixing put countries and, increasingly, the huge multi­ abroad. the price at $89 per ounce, up $2.50 on the national companies that deal in many cur­ You are a travel agent whose income de· second of the day's two fixings yesterday. rencies. Two years ago, these people became pends upon a. percentage of a. customers' Gold was at an all time high on the Hong convinced that the dollar was so weak that it total foreign travel costs. Kong market but the price there was re-· eventually would have to be devalued. You are an employe of a recreation or en­ ported as $77.25 an ounce. No one wants to hold on to a currency that tertainment company, or any other busi­ Gold prices normally move in pennies may be devalued-that is, become worth less ness that could prosper from an increase in or fractions of a cent. This week the price has in terms of both gold and other currencies. foreign travelers whose money is now worth leaped about $15.60 an ounce and London So these people quickly transferred their more than before. dealers said orders were flooding in from excess dollars toward the strongest cur­ You hold stock in a corporation which all over the world in the new gold crisis rency-the German mark. looks attractive to foreign investors more that almost overshadowed the paper money Under international monetary rules, na­ willing now to invest in the United States, crisis. tions must support the dollar by buying it mainly because stock prices have been dis­ at its pegged price. But when the dollar is counted 10 percent, but also because some [From the Sunday Star-Dally News, weak, it is only throwing good money after companies might become more competitive. Feb. 25, 1973] bad to pay marks for it. You hold business or property for sale­ BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NOBODY WANTS TO GOLD LINK CUT anything from a tiny work of art to a. manu­ KEE:O.> So in May, 1971, Germany tried to take the facturing plant-that now could become (By Richard Longworth) pressure off by revaluing the mark upward more attractive to foreigners with capital seeking to make direct investments in the BRUSSELS.-An ocean of unwanted dollars by 5 percent. It wasn't enough and, in his historic announcement three months later, United States. is sloshing around the world, ready to force You are an investor in a. U.S. company yet another dollar devaluation at any mo­ President Nixon severed the link between gold and the dollar and allowed the dollar whose borrowing costs might be reduced be­ ment. cause of a return flow of dollars. Those dollars were on the move again Fri­ to float down on money markets. In Decem­ ber, 1971, it was dropped another 8 percent­ Among the signs of a new economic world day. The result was that gold prices shot to that called for new currency alignments: a. record high, the dollar trembled and a its first devaluation since the 1930s. Within 14 months, the speculative heat For half a. century the United States was French banking official said that "the mar­ known as the producer of automobiles. No kets are totally haywire." was on again. The United States, after con­ sultation with its allles earlier this month, other nation or group of them was close. If If there is any agreement among world anything represented American industrial money experts, it is that: acted quickly with a 10 percent devaluation. On Feb. 12, the dollar had become worth 23 dominance it was the car. The recurring money crises wm not end Now there exists an economic entity known untll something is done about these movable percent less to America's partners than it was in early 1971. as the Common Market, made up of Ger­ dollars. many, France, Italy, Belgium, The Nether­ This solution must be part of an over­ Was it enough? No banker or economist would bet on it. The ocean of overseas dol­ lands, Luxembourg, Britain, Ireland and all reform of the world monetary system, Denmark. Twenty years ago their combined to replace the "Bretton Woods" system lars remained-an estimated $70 billion worth. Financiers said some $30 billion to auto output was less than a million. which, after 29 useful years, has finally In contrast, these same nations produced broken down. $50 blllion of this was "excess currency.,­ over and above what central banks need to more than 10 million units in 1970. Because This reform already is under discussion. Britain and Ireland were not members then Finance ministers of the "Committee of 20"­ do business. It was this pool that flowed from a collection of important developed and de­ country to country at the slightest rumor, you may subtract 1.5 million units and still seeking the strongest currencies, undermin­ exceed the U.S. total of 6.5 mi111on for the veloping nations-wm meet in Washington year. March 26 for the latest round in reform talks. ing the weakest, causing crises. They hope to have the draft of a reform Less than two weeks after the latest de­ -In the immediate post-World War II ready when the International Monetary Fund valuation, the dollar was under new attack years it was often said the most needed ex­ holds its annual meeting in Nairobi in Sep­ and a London banker moaned: portable of the United States other than its tember. "Something has got to be done. We can't money, was management knowhow. Whatever is worked out could govern the go on like this." "Dun's Review," a management magazine, way the world handles its money for the next Something is being done-the reform talks. studied current European attitudes toward 25 years or more. With this much at stake, But results are not in yet on whether they U.S. managers and their methods a.nd found major differences remain-particularly be­ will be soon enough or big enough to prevent much disenchantment. tween the American and the European ap- stlll more crises. It summarized findings in these words: February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5473 "Europeans believe that in their reliance on Rouge when it is used to buy foreign goods endure. The worst persecutions of the management methods and techniques, Amer­ here: passing years have not weakened their ican executives have, in effect, lost their -A purchaser here buys goods, paying the desire for liberty and self-determination. ability .to get things done." Japanese exporter 10 per cent more money That is one great reason why we are cer­ than he would have paid before. The money tain Lithuania will yet recover her in­ (From the State-Times (La.), Feb. 14, 1973] is withdrawn from a bank here--10 per cent DEVALUATION OF DOLLAR WILL BE FELT IN more than before devaluation. dependence. STATE -The Japanese exporter deposits the I am further confident that the (By Bob Dardenne) money in his Tokyo bank and receives credit Lithuanian people will one day regain Devaluation of the dollar will have some for Japanese yen. It is 10 per cent less yen their freedom because they are a nation impact locally. that he would have received earlier, but since of Christian beliefs with the faith to per­ The United States announced Monday the he charged the Baton Rouge man 10 per cent severe in them. more, he is not affected. d 1 th h dollar was devalued 10 per cent, meaning that -The Tokyo bank takes the check to the However, we, an al o ers, w o are in foreign countries the dollar is worth 10 Japanese central Bank (Federal Reserve blessed with freedom must maintain our per cent less today than it was three days Bank) and receives yens for the dollars. efforts to encourage them to carry for- ago. -Now the central bank has the Baton ward their refusal to accept Communist It also means that foreign goods coming into the Baton Rouge port will cost pur­ Rouge money. With the current imbalance rule. chasers here 10 per cent more, and that in trade, it would probably already have a on this score we can take some pride grains and other U.S. goods leaving Baton large quantity of dollars. Therefore, it would in the knowledge that the United States take the dollars and invest them in u.s. continues to recognize the sovereignty of Rouge port will cost foreign purchasers 10 Treasury Notes, thereby earning some five per cent less. and one-half per cent interest and, ulti- Lithuania, and the other Baltic states, To the Baton Rouge consumer of foreign mately, more dollars. and has steadfastly refused to recognize goods, it could mean an increase in prices. The problem is to get those dollars back Communist Russia's claim that they are That Italian car, that French wine, that Jap­ anese transistor radiD--1they could all cost to the United States. a part of her territory. more. Basically, by devaluating, the government On this special occasion you and I and Also, one result could be an increase in hopes two things will occur. all other freedom-loving Americans must one, the Baton Rouge purchaser might be resolve to make sure that our Govern- export activity at Baton Rouge port. The discouraged from buying foreign goods, and • ...... reason? Dr. David Johnson, LSU professor two, foreign countries-Japan, for instance- ment holds fir_n;t m contm~~~ crltlClSf:ll of economics, said, "America products are might take advantage of 10 percent cheaper and condemnatiOn of Russia s Illegal sei­ now cheaper in terms of foreign currencies." prices and buy more American goods. zure and persecution of the Lithuanian That is one idea behind devaluation. The result, hopefully, would be a decrease people. American products become cheaper in for­ eign markets and foreign products become in the amount of u.s. dollars in foreign We must also resolve to perseveringly more expensive in local markets. central banks. call upon the United Nations and all Speaking about the devaluation, Louisiana other free governments to exert every National Bank economist Glenn Coats said pressure that they can upon Russia to it was caused by a $7 billion imbalance of convince the Communist dictators tore- THE 55TH ANNIVERSARY OF trade-the United States has spent $7 billion lease Lithuania from their subjugation. LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE more dollars in foreign countries than it Our common duty is to keep trying to took in. That leaves heavy concentrations of Amer­ arouse the conscience of the free world to act against Communist tyranny in ican dollars in foreign countri~princi­ HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE pally Japan, where the imbalance of trade order to preserve hope and trust in the amounted to almost half the total, or about OF MASSACHUSETTS minds and hearts of the valiant Lith­ $3 billion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES uanian people. There will be some impact on local banks, Tuesday, February 20, 1973 I am certain that if we all persevere in Coats said, in that purchasers of foreign our helpful efforts, the Lithuanian peo­ goods here wlll be paying 10 per cent more, Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, I am al­ ple will have the unyielding courage and and that is 10 per cent more money being ways honored to take part in this annual the unbending will to regain their liberty drawn from banks here. congressional program commemorating and independence and I hope this will be To that extent, he said, banks wlll feel the anniversary of the declaration of the devaluation. In major import trade areas, accomplished in the near future. banks could be aff.ected significantly, he said. Lithuanian independence. Local consumers, sooner or later, will feel This program has two primary pur­ the effect of devaluation. poses. Johnson said it is likely that retail prices It is held, first, to pay continuing trib­ ARTICLE BY HON. JACOB MISHLER, on foreign goods will go up. It may not be ute and give continuing encouragement CHIEF JUDGE OF THE U.S. DIS­ as much as 10 per cent, however, because to the brave and gallant people in na­ TRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN exporters wll probably cut their prices to tive Lithuania. keep their products competitive on the U.S. DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, ON THE market, the LSU professor said. Second, we wish to rededicate our­ SENTENCING PANEL PROCEDURE It is possible that prices on Baton Rouge's selves to our original objective of restor­ IN FEDERAL CRIMINAL CASES huge stockpile of foreign automobiles wlll ing freedom to Lithuania as quickly as go up. possible. But Johnson feels the major significance It was 55 years ago when the Lith­ HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN for Baton Rouge wlll be not on imports, but uanian people proclaimed the return of on increased exports from the port. With OF NEW YORK their independence after centuries of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. products 10 per cent cheaper, he said, Russian domination. more goods should be shipped out of Baton Monday, February 26, 1973 Rouge. For 22 years they enjoyed a free, Port Director William Herbert said it was democratic, happy way of life. Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, the too early to tell exactly what would happen Then Lithuania was again and unlaw­ various procedures utilized in the sen­ ·as a result of the international money move. fully invaded by the Soviet Communists tencing of convicted defendants consti­ Talking about imports, he said he felt the who claimed her as a part of the Russian tute a primary area of concern with re­ automobile situation would be of major con­ Republic. spect to the judicial administration of sideration. Cars imported through Baton ·Rouge go to Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, This invasion was especially cruel and criminal justice. Missouri, Kansas and throughout the Mid­ inhuman. Many thousands of innocent The Honorable Jacob Mishler, chief west, as well as to statewide markets. Lithuanians died, thousands of others judge of the U.S. District Court for the "Of course, import prices on the auto­ were deported, families were separated Eastern District of New York, has ad­ ·mobiles will go up," he said, but it is too early and the culture and economy of your dressed himself to this important issue in to tell whether that wm affect importation proud country was shattered. a very fine article which appeared in the of cars here. However, despite the sustained Com­ January 24, 1973, edition of the New York If a consumer has made up his mind to munist efforts to suffocate the national Law Journal. The article details the ·buy a foreign car, he said, 10 per cent more would probably not change his mind. traditions of the Lithuanian people their mechanics involved in and the benefits Using Japan as an example, Coats ex­ high spirit and intense devotion to the to be derived from use of the "sentenc­ ]>lained what happens to money from Baton principles of freedom and democracy still ing panel procedure." The "panel" is CXIX--346-Part 5 5474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1973 actually composed of a sentencing judge, Jan. 1, 1972 and he was joined by one of ing of the factors that bear on the sentence. our active judges as of March 1, 1972. The The goal sought is not identical sentences conferring judges, and the chief proba­ inconvenience of attending sentencing panel for the same crime; such uniformity would tion officer who meet to discuss the par­ conferences at Brooklyn discouraged these deny each defendant individual considera­ ticular case and considerations to be judges from continuing their participation tion and personalized treatment. I believe taken into account with respect to sen­ in the panel conference. that the sentencing panel procedure will tencing. Use of the panel procedure in Turning to the mechanics of the procedure, bring about general agreement on the fac­ this manner has been helpful in mini­ a schedule of conferring judges is established tors that come into play as they apply to the mizing disparity of eentences. for the calendar year. Two judges are as­ sentence at hand and the weight to be given Because this analysis of the eastern signed as conferring judges for each month. to each factor. Traditionally, the justifica­ The identical pairing of judges is not re­ tion for imprisonment has been ( 1) the right district's efforts to develop a fair and peated during the year thus maximizing the of society to retribution, (2) the right of efficient system for the sentencing of opportunity for exchange of views among the society to protection from further anti-social convicted defendants will be of interest members of the court. conduct, (3) the deterrent effect a prison to my colleagues who are concerned The sentencing panel procedure becomes sentence has on the defendant or other po­ about Federal reform, I insert the article operable when the Probation Department de· tential violators and ( 4) the obligation of so­ in the RECORD: livers presentence reports (in triplicate) to ciety to rehabilitate the defendant and the THE SENTENCING PANEL PROCEDURE: HOW IT the sentencing judge. The sentencing judge's benefit that wm accrue to the defendant and WORKS IN EASTERN DISTRICT office then delivers a copy to each conferring to society from this rehabilitation. judge together with a form on which he is to Retribution is considered a base motive (By Jacob Mishler) indicate his recommended sentence. The pre­ and generally rejected as counter-productive. The sentencing panel procedure established sentence reports and the reporting forms are The other concepts are valid considerations. in the United States District Court for the delivered to the conferring judges on the They vary in proportion when applied to Eastern District of New York in 1962 came Thursday prior to the scheduled weekly Tues­ different crimes and from defendant to de­ to the public's attention during recent public day conference. The conferring judges record fendant. The goal is uniformity in the ap­ discussions on various phases of the judicial their recommended sentences. After review­ plication of these elements. We seek general administration of criminal justice. The first ing the probation report, the sentencing agreement as to whether imprisonment of district to use the sentencing panel was the judge records his tentative sentence. Until an income tax evader will deter potential Eastern District of Michigan (Detroit) in this point none of the judges discuss the case income tax violators and whether it will have November 1960. No other court has adopted, or the sentence. the effect in the specific case under discus­ it except the Northern District of illinois The sentencing judge and the conferring sion; as to whether a young adult convicted (Chicago) in December 1963. The Supreme judges, together with the Chief Probation of forging stolen checks is a threat to society Court of Bronx County has recently insti­ Officer, then meet to discuss the case. The and whether the chances of rehab111tation tuted a pilot program to test this procedure. forms containing the records of the confer­ of the subject w111 be enhanced through pro­ The Federal Judicial Center has consented ring judge's recommended sentences are de­ bation or imprisonment. If that degree of to make a study of the procedure and its livered to the sentencing judge at this con­ concurrence is accomplished then the sen­ effect. The study will include all reports made ference. The discussion ensues. When there tencing panel procedure wm have fulfilled by the judges of this court from 1967 through is general agreement the discussion is usual­ the hopes of the court. But I believe the har­ 1972. In preparation for this article, my staff ly brief. Otherwise it extends to the nature vest is greater. The sentencing judge is bet­ examined only the reports from Jan. 1, 1972 of the crime, the degree of culpability, the ter informed about the individual to appear to Nov. 3, 1972. This article could not await age, education and work record of the de­ before him. The scheduled conference with the professional treatment of the Federal fendant and whether psychiatric examina­ his associates and the Probation Officer de­ Judicial Center; .enough can be garnered tion should be directed. After sentence is im­ mands that he prepare for it. At the con­ from the study of the current year lfor our posed, the sentencing judge files a form with ference the discussion of the subject matter purposes. the Chief Judge which contains ( 1) his ten­ of the presentence report at times suggests EIGHTY PERCENT PLEAD GUILTY tative sentence, (2) the recommended sen­ alternatives that did not occur to the sen­ To the vast majority of defendants, the tences of the two conferring judges and (3) tencing judge. This is particularly helpful sentence to be imposed is the only meaning­ the sentence imposed. to newly appointed judges. ful step in a long, complicated process. About The initial determination in a substantial The procedure is time consuming. Presen­ 80 percent of the defendants plead guilty. number of cases is between probation or tence reports are usually reviewed by the For them, from the outset, the only question prison. This is usually the critical decision judges over the week end. Conferences take left is the sentence to be imposed. Judge­ in cases involving juveniles, youthful of­ about one to two hours. In a busy court shopping has been eliminated in this court fenders, young adult offenders and first of­ where judges must carefully allocate avail­ since this court embraced the individual fenders. The statistical study revealed that able time to many competing demands we assignment system of assigning cases (Sept. in 349 cases out of 380 cases, or in approx­ nevertheless find the time used in the sen­ 1, 1969). All the defendant has a right to ex­ imately 92 per cent of the cases, at least tencing panel procedure is wen spent. pect is that the judge to whom his case was one conferring judge agreed with the sen­ assigned wm impose a sentence not substan­ tencing judge. tially different from that which any other In a study to evaluate the effectiveness of judge of the court would impose. That is also the sentencing panel procedure, the degree SPACE YOUTH COUNCll.J the fond hope of the judges of the court. I of concurrence in the length of term of the believe that the sentencing panel is a valu­ sentence to be imposed is of interest. In 229 able tool for the accomplishment of this ob­ cases out of a total of 380 cases, or approxi­ jective. mately 60 per cent of the cases, at least one HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE The total number of sentences imposed by conferring judge recommended a sentence OF TEXAS the twelve judges (nine active, three senior) whose duration fell within a range 20 per IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the court during the study period was cent lower or higher than that tentatively set 785. The substantive offenses included armed by the sentencing judge. In many of these Monday; February 26, 1973 bank robbery, bankruptcy fraud, brtbery, cases the recommended sentences of one or Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, threatening the life of the President, counter­ both conferring judges was identical with the Federation of Americans Support­ feiting, embezzlement of bank funds, forgery, the tentative sentence of the sentencing income tax evasion, interstate theft of goods, judge. ing Science and Technology CF ASST) is man fraud, narcotics violations, obstruction An indication of the effect the conference presently trying to form a Space Youth of justice, selective service violations and has on the sentencing judge ls the number Council to help industry and government smuggling. Almost all the crimes were fel­ of instances in which the sentencing judge relate to young people the importance of onies. Only 380 sentences were the subject modlfled his tentative sentence. I do not dis­ the space program in general and the of the study for 1972. For a variety of reasons count other factors including allocution at space shuttle in particular. FASST is no reports were filed on the remaining the time of sentencing. However, the statis­ tics suggest that the conference does play a ready and willing to go forward with the sentences. Space Youth Council and is confident RISE IN FILINGS part in the final sentence. The sentencing judge changed his tentative sentence in 154 that the SYC could sport a membership The number of filings has increased from 380 of over 1,000 within the next 3 months. 471 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1969, cases out of a total of cases, or in approx­ imately 41 percent of the cases. Of the 154 to 1,225 for the fiscal year ended June 30, Within a year, the SYC could have a modified sentences, the sentencing judge in­ membership of at least 5,000. This could 1972. Our Probation Department personnel creased the term in 32 cases and decreased be drawing upon those students who has not increased in the same proportion. In the term in 122 cases. an attempt to limit the workload of the The sentencing panel procedure appears have contributed Skylab experiment Probation Department I requested the judges to be a helpful tool in minimizing disparity suggestions. F ASST is also seeking the to dispense with presentence reports where of sentences. Over a period of time the con­ creation of an Energy Youth Council to possible. One of our senior judges had per­ tribution that each judge makes at the which the Atomic Energy Commission manent chambers at Westbury since prior to conference creates a more consistent blend- has already responded vig~rously. Fund- February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5475 ing will come from the Office of Educa­ sired, a quarterly accounting wm be As the child grows, he uses his life to conducted. attain the happiness he is ever seeking. With­ tion in the AEC. out freedom life would seem without hope I commend to your reading the follow­ JOB DESCRIPTION Space Youth Council Executive Director. for such joy and happiness. ing information on the Space Youth Different from most forms of happiness, Council from Mr. David Fradin, chair­ QUALIFICATIONS besides love, freedom is not monetary . . . man of FASST. I strongly support this Young person. but it does have an upkeep problem. This program and hope the space community Appropriate references. is my responsib111ty ... a responsibility to will do likewise with its available fund­ Space Program supporter with proven in­ Freedom. terest and efforts in relating the importance Invisible, like still, motionless air ... ing capacity. The newsletter follows: of the Space Program to young people. Freedom can be silent and never chang­ PROPOSAL FOR SPACE YOUTH COUNCIL­ Must be approved by the Directors of ing . . . but the air of Freedom can pick up AUGUST 16, 1972 FASST. dirt and be tumbled into a hurricane of dis­ PURPOSE RESPONSIBILITY AND DUTIES aster . . . This is a responsibility of separa­ In 1972 there are over 25 million young Directs the Youth Council. tion ... of sifting. Just as sifting for gold ... voters who may or may not support the space Directly responsible to the chairman of We can save the valuable patTiots who al­ program. Armed with over 20 percent of the FASST. ready view our country with a sparkle in vote, these young people will ultimately de­ Arranges the meetings of the Youth Coun­ their eye, and use them to teach the fallen termine the future of America's sp·ace pro­ cil. rocks of society. gram, including the space shuttle. The im­ Distributes information on the space pro­ Responsibility of Freedom . . . a must ... portant thing is that these young people gram to young people. a want ... and I feel that it should be must know and understand the importance Conducts youth opinion surveys towards considered a need!!! of space exploration. The purpose of the the space program. Education is continuously climbing to an Space Youth Council is to help industry and Briefs legislators. infinite apex. Now is a good time to begin ... government relate to young people the im­ Arranges displays, forums, and lectures on I . . . A . . . C . . . this plan, I contend, portance of the space program in general and the space program. could save our country from invisible the space shuttle in particular. Develops with SYC members an actual enemies. youth constituency. Letter . . . I . . . stands for "individual". STRUCTURE That means each of us . . . everyone . . . The Youth Council should consist of 10 SUPPORTERS OF SPACE YOUTH COUNCIL not necessarily separate . . . but together young people geographically located around PROPOSAL as one "individual." In my contention ..• the country. These 10 people will be selected Congressman Olin E. Teague, Chairman, "a country must be one." initially from the FASST membership. The Science and Astronautics Committee. Letter ... A ... stands for "American." selection will be made by the national officers William M. Magruder, Special Consultant The name itself rings freedom. But all too of FASST and their appointment will be to the President. often, ears are immune to the music it plays. temporary, at least initially. Selec~ion will Dr. George M. Low, Deputy Administrator, America must be viewed as a home . . . a oe made on the basis of references and cur­ NASA. dwelling place where each "individual" may riculum vitae. John P. Donnelly, Assistant Administrator live. These 10 members should be directed by for Public Affairs. Letter ... C ... stands for "control." If a full-time director (a young person) from Michael Collins, Director, National Air and the "individual", society's whole, can view FASST headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michi­ Space Museum. America as a home . . . this last need is a gan. This full-time executive director will Fredrick C. Durant, III, Director, Astro­ simple one. Teach the country as a personal come directly under the responsib1lity of the nautics Smithsonian Institution. thing, not as a space on a map . . . not as president of FASST. A job description of the William P. Thayer, Chairman of the Board, a leader of crop producing farms ... al­ executive-director is attached. Each Youth LTV Corporation. though all of these are important and should Council member wm be charged with the re­ Carlyle Jones, Vice-President, Aerospace have their place. sponsibil1ty of developing a youth constitu­ Industries Association. My responsibiUty to freedom causes me to ency in his region that supports the space Col. William Anders, Executive Director, deeply feel a need for a plan of procedure. program. At a later date, each Youth Coun­ National Aeronautics and Space Council. I should like to help see this plan go to cil member w111 be elected from his work . . . I shall ever strive for . . . indi­ constituency. vidual ... American ... control ... Meetings of the Youth Council should take VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST­ My responsibility to freedom i~ in reality place at least three or four times a year; STATE OF ILLINOIS WINNER a responsibility to myself. Children of all perhaps at different locations, for example, ages have few examples shown to them on Houston, Cape Kennedy, Washington, D.C., how a country should be shown respect. Take Los Angeles, Ann Arbor, etc. HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN for example, Fourth of July. A joyous time OF ILLINOIS of freedom and a truly celebrate holiday. CHARTER INCLUSIONS But in fact, today we must have laws gov­ A Charter of the Youth Council should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erning the sale of fireworks. . . . For com­ include: Monday, February 26, 1973 mercialism has taken over the spirit of free­ Advising how to best relate the space pro­ dom. The birth of our country is only slightly gram to young people; Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, each viewed in a sense of happiness and gratitude. Conducting of youth opimon surveys to­ year the Veterans of Foreign Wars of Think back to your last birthday. You surely wards the space program; the United States and its Ladies Auxil­ received a present. Well, America is saying. Writing and distributing materials on the iary conducts a Voice of Democracy Con­ ... "Give me nothing but the gift of your space program to young people; test. This year nearly 500,000 secondary strength and support of responsibility...• Briefing legislators on the space program And that shall see me live a proud life of from a youth point-of-view; school students participated in the con­ eternity." This is not to say that 1f you do Presenting forums and discussion groups test competing for the national scholar­ not fiy a flag each day, that you are not a on campus; ships which are awarded to the winners. patriot. A fiag can be seen in the eyes of a. Briefing university and high school news The contest theme was "My Responsi­ true patriot. media; bility to Freedom." The children of today may possibly be th& Giving news media interviews; The winning speech from the State of saviors of tomorrow. My responsibllity is to Arranging ·speeches before youth groups; Illinois was written by a resident of the that child whom I want to grow up 1n a. and free country, like myself. Then his responsi­ Developing an actual youth constituency Third Congressional District, Jon G. bility will be to his child of the world. in favor of a viable space prograna. Matthews, of Lansing, Til. The text of Opportunity is a wide aspect left un­ Annual funding his speech follows: touched by many young adults. There are Executive director______$8, 000 MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM so many channels that are open . • • and yet (By Jon Matthews) many minds are blocked with a feeling of Burden (travel, phone, supplies, etc., "bankrupt debt." for executive director)------7, 000 Every twenty seconds, a child is born 1n I truly do have a debt to my country ..• this country. Each one ancient Rome and Tacitus, and the exercise TRANSLATED REMARKS Union enslaved Lithuania. without pity, of her national identity played an important (By Joseph Ka.jeckas, Charge d'Affaires of ignored the most basic human rights of her part in the shaping of modern Europe. My Lithuania) inhabitants, and perpetrated crimes against countrymen are indeed, as you point out, This year, as in years past, we have all humanity. an example of perseverance to the world as gathered to celebrate February 16 as the Yet Lithuania. is still alive and exists de they continue to insist on their right to en­ anniversary of that day in 1918 when the jure in the eyes of the United States and joy an independent national life in their independence of the Lithuanian republic other nations of the free world who refuse to homeland. On their behalf I am pleased to was proclaimed. That declaration in 1918 recognize the grotesque illegality of the So­ express to you and the Government and peo­ was the culmination of countless sacrifices viet Union's occupation and forcible annexa­ ple of the United States deepest gratitude and acts of devotion on the part of Lithua­ tion. On this February 16, millions of Lith­ for the continued support of all Americans nians throughout the world, and it changed uanians throughout the free world will join who realize that, as Thomas Paine put it so the character of Lithuania almost overnight. with friends of Lithuania. everywhere in the well for all lovers of Uberty. "Where freedom The Lithuanian was finally the keeper of his solidarity of hopeful determination that is not, there is my country." own house. His language became the offi­ Lithuanians in their oppressed homeland Sincerely, cial language of his country. His land was deserve at the hands of any true lovers of JOSEPH KAJECKAS, really his own. freedom. Charge d'Affatrs of Lithuania. And just as the year 1918 changed the Some of those friends of Lithuania-­ face of Lithuania ·and its life, the year 1940 numerous United States Congressmen, Gov­ changed the face of our country and its ernors and Mayors among them--continue to external life. Overnight, the tllegal and warm the hearts of my people with their sup­ LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY armed occupation of Lithuania. by the Red port and encouragement. We were especially Army put an end to Lithuanian territorial heartened to note President Nixon's assur­ sovereignty and all civil rights. There fol­ ance, in his Inaugural Address last month, tha.t- HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN lowed the infamous deportations and the OF ILLINOIS heinous Soviet attempts at genocide. But "We shall support vigorously the principle in the midst of deprivations and atrocities, that no country has the right to impose its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will or rule on another by force." in the midst of crude and cruel attempts Monday, February 26, 1973 to suppress the national life of the Lithua­ Finally, I would like to share with you to­ nian people, the love of freedom remains so day the official greeting that I received on this Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, I strong in the hearts of Lithuanians that occasion on behalf of the Government and would like to add to my remarks of ear­ the Soviet aggressors received, and continue people of the United States from the Secre­ lier this month regarding the Lithuanian to receive, rude surprises. tary of State, as well as my grateful reply to that message. And as I close I urge you all to Independence Day. I said before that the Soviet occupation On February 16, members of the changed the external life of Lithuania. I keep patience and faith with the great hope implied that the inner life, the spiritual life that sustained our forefathers and all men American-Lithuanian community com­ of the people, remained steadfastly un­ who had to struggle to prove themselves memorated their 55th anniversary of daunted. There were countless indications worthy of the Uberty which they so loved. Lithuanian independence. On February and demonstrations of this over the course Here are the messages: 16, 1918, after more than a century of the last 33 years, but perhaps only during THE SECRETARY OF STATE, of subjugation by the czadst Russian this past year has the attention of the world Washington, D.O., February 2, 1973. Empire, the Lithuanian people asserted Mr. JosEPH KAJECKAS, been drawn so dramatically to the unrest their right of s~lf-determination, as that pervades the lives of enslaved Lith­ Charged' Affairs of Lithuania uanians who, after a. whole generation of Washington, D .a. proclaimed by President W. Wilson, and Communist attempts at indoctrination and DEAR MR. CHARGE n'AFFAIREs: On behalf of reestablished an independent state. For Russification, remain determined to be free. the Government and people of the United 20 years the Lithuanian people were per­ The self-immolation of Romas Ka.lanta., fol­ States of America. I am pleased to extend to mitted to develop their own political, lowed by the demonstrations and petitions you and the Lithuanian people greetings and economic, and cultural life. In 1922, for religious Uberty in Kaunas, brought sincere best wishes on the occasion of the Lithuania became a member of the sharply to the public eye the earnestness of fifty-fifth anniversary of the Lithuanian in­ League of Nations and in effect was rec­ young people in Lithuania. today who seek dependence. ognized as an independent state by the the liberty of which their fathers had first The Lithuanian people have continued to been robbed so many years ago. And the strive to maintain their national identity world. events of the past year reminded us all that and to achieve self-determination. Their ef­ This freedom and prosperity was such a. desperate attempt to escape to free­ forts toward this end have presented an short lived. As the Nazi-German Armies dom as that of the sa.Uor Simas Kudirka. example of perseverance and spirit to people were advancing against Paris, the Red within the past few years was not.an isolated throughout the world. Army also moved and on June 15, 1940, it February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5477 attained the goal it could not reach in tion of Mr. Monte Irvin of Orange, N.J., "I never expected to be given the chance 1920, that is, the occupation of Lithua­ to Baseball's Hall of Fame. My joy and to play so how was I to prove what I could pride in his achievement are deepened by do?" Irvin asked. nia. Under the guns of the Red Army After two years at Lincoln University, and Soviet terror mock elections were the fact that I can claim Monte not only where Irvin again was a bright light on the organized, in which only candidates ap­ as a distinguished resident of the 11th sports horizon, he went with Mrs. Effa Man­ proved by the occupier were permitted. District but a personal friend of many ley, former owner of the Newark Eagles of On July 21, 1940, a rubberstamp diet un­ years' standing. In addition to his ath­ the Negro National League, where he re­ der Communist control formalized the letic prowess, Monte's fine personal qual­ mained until he went with the Giants. incorporation of Lithuania into the ities have won him universal respect and It was a momentous step for a black ball­ U.S.S.R. affection. player in those days. "I remember well my first real big hit-a. After World War II nations have The Sunday Star-Ledger of February major league homerun playing against Dutch risen from ruins, and desire a perma­ 11, 1973, contained two perceptive arti­ Leonard of the Chicago Cubs," Irvin said. nent peace, a genuine peace, grounds on cles on this remarkable American who "My knees were shaky because I wasn't sure justice and respect for human rights. overcame almost insurmountable ob­ I could hit against a big league pitcher. But Lithuania was not allowed to these stacles to become one of our greatest ball­ When I did, it gave me the confidence I rights. The Lithuanian people have players. I should like to insert the arti­ needed." never accepted the occupation as legal­ cles at this point ir.. the RECORD: Irvin married his wife Dee 31 years ago, after they met 1n high school. They bave two ly or morally binding and on numerous BASEBALL TIPs ITS CAP TO GENTLEMAN MONTE occasions have voiced their determina­ daughters-Mrs. Pam Fields, a. television (By Charles Q. Finley) commentator in Baltimore-- and Patty, who tion to regain independence and free­ What does being elected to baseball's Hall teaches in a Brooklyn elementary school. dom. of Fame mean to a. man who was kept out Mrs. Manley, reached in Los Angeles where The Soviet constitutional guarantees of the big leagues for years because of his she's in retirement, remembers Irvin as "a. of religious freedom are seriously com­ race? wonderful gentleman and an outstanding promised by Soviet actions, for example: Monte Irvin of Orange didn't make the athlete." The clergy are persecuted and often majors until he was 31 years old but still "Monte was a member o! our team when jailed, churches are destroyed or con­ had enough a.b111ty to blaze a. brilliant record we beat the Kansas City Monarchs in a with the Giants. seven-game series to win the pennant in verted to music halls, warehouses, and But Irvin is a. sentimental fellow who holds 1946," she recalled. I'm very happy to see his even factories. This, though, is not the no grudges. Today, at 53, he feels no bitter­ future assured because ballplayers' future first time Lithuania suffered religious ness. sometimes don't turn out too good. persecution. In 1414 the Holy Roman "When something good happens, people get "There were a number of truly grealt black Emperor Sigismund and Pope Gregory a. particular feeling they don't get at any players with our team who were born a few XII called a council of representatives other time," Irvin said. "But getting into years too early. There were Willie Wells, Leon of all European Christian nations. The baseball's Hall of Fame means something Day, Leonard Pearson and Nick Bundy, to Grand Duke-King of Lithuania, Vy­ more than this to me. name a few, some of them possibly the great­ "It's like knowing America. really is a. great est ballplayers who ever lived." tautas the Great, sent a delegation of 66 country, that there is hope. It's like hearing Manny Rivero, who was athletic director at members to protest religious persecution this country saying to all black people, 'I'm Lincoln when Irvin attended the untversLty, by the Germans-Teutonic Knights. sorry you went through such a. painful proc­ said Monte came to the school "with a. good After lengthy and careful deliberation ess. I'm sorry it didn't happen sooner and reputation as an athlete and the nickname Lithuana was upheld and the armed thank you for being patient.' " 'Muggs."' persecutions stopped. Irvin said what has happened to him "I never did find out why they called him In February of 1972 the Lithuanians should be an inspiration to all blacks who that," he said. feel hopeless about getting ahead in America.. Rivero said Irvin "is the kind of fellow who could not send delegations, but they "I'm not saying they should be complacent, can get along with everybody." Rivero formed risked their welfare and lives to make but at the same time they shouldn't panic a baseball team at the university in which their protest known. A petition with 17,- because there've been dramatic changes for Irvin played. He said Irvin proved outstand­ 000 signatures, asking for religious free­ the better in recent years," said Irvin. "I ing in baskertball, javelin throwing and track dom, was sent to the Secretary General don't believe in the m111tant's approach that at the school. of the United Nations. 'we can't become a. living part of this society. "I told him he was crazy to quit school and Shortly thereafter, in May of the same "This is our home and we must keep up go play baseball," Rivero said. "Now he's in our struggle, each in his own way, for justice the Hall of Fame." year, a 20-year-old student, Romas and opportunity in this land of the free and Irvin said the nickname was picked up in Kalanta, burned himself to death in the the brave. We must continue to prepare our­ high school "as an affectionate name one of city of Kaunas in front of the theater selves for the opportunities when they're of­ my buddies came up with" and it stuck with where Lithuania's freedom was formally fered so we can qualify for them. Hard work him. extinguished. and d111gence is what's needed now," he said. "I really don't know the reason for it my­ The incident, which coincided with Anything relating to sports is bound to self," he said. President Nixon's visit to Moscow, have a. marked effect on Irvin. For the past five years Irvin has been asso­ "Sports were always a. religion with me ciated with the Baseball Office of the Com­ touched off numerous riots, mass demon­ and this still holds true today," Irvin ex­ missioner in New York City, •a world-wide strations which involved two or more plained. "For so many it's been a way of non-profit governing body for baseball fi­ similar suicides and required the pres­ rising up quickly from meager beginnings. nanced by the Amerioan and National ence of Soviet troops. It's a. way of life for the fans, too, many of leagues. He's assistaUJt public relations and These statements reflect some ideas whom feel the players are their personal promotional director. which I feel are significant. They tell friends. Irvin is very enthusiastic about the com­ the story of the plight of the Lithuanian "It's been just terrific for the fans-they've ing of the Sports Complex to the Meadow­ had unbelievable thrills from baseball. I lands. people and their constant struggle for think this country is much better off because "It will bring jobs and much-needed rev­ independence. of athletics, particularly baseball. It's been a. enue and recreation," he said. "And there'll great escape from the mundane for millions be so many spinoff benefits to the entire of people." metropolitan area. I think the building of Baseball was part of Irvin's life even in his this complex is of historical significance to MONTE IRVIN ELECTED TO BASE­ childhood. Born in Alabama, his father the State of New Jersey." BALL'S HALL OF FAME played baseball in the South and when the Irvin is deeply disturbed by war, any war. family-including 10 children-moved to "After a war is over it becomes apparent Orange, sports was a constant family topic. wars are stupid. After the fighting is done Irvin attended elementary and high school and the turmoil is over I ask 'Why should so HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH in Orange. He was an outstanding athlete in many of the young who never really had a OF NEW JERSEY high school as was his brother, Milton, who chance to live be forced to die? It just plain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES went on to play football at Virginia. State. doesn't seem fair." Another brother, Cal, became athletic direc­ But his philosophy of life remains sharply Monday, February 26, 1973 tor at A & T University, Greensboro, North optimistic. Carolina. "I believe goodness somehow wins over Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, all Mem­ In the days when he played baseball in evil, although sometimes it take awhile," he bers possess a familiar spirit toward their high school he never even dreamed about said. "One thing I could never understand. constituents and so our colleagues will playing in the majors, let alone entering the though, is why some people take a. particular understand my joy and pride at the elec- Hall of Fame. delight in making other people miserable 5478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 19 73 when they should be trying to make them YOUTH CAMP SAFETY commonly say, just hop on, weTe going happy." places. Kurman's letter had to be treated with a certain amount amount of cautious skepticism, but it was clearly different from OVERWHELMED IRVIN: FAME ELECTION THE HON. PETER A. PEYSER OF NEW YORK most of the others. It was from a private GREATEST citizen, on plain stationery, and about leg­ (By Moss Klein) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES islation that obviously could be of no fi­ Monte Irvin is a happy man these days. Monday, February 26, 1973 nancial or political benefit to him. Earlier this week Irvin was voted into Base­ A few days later, after researching the his­ ball's Hall of Fame by the special committee Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speak~r. last ses­ tory of summer-camp legislation, speaking on Negro leagues and it is a distinction de­ sion Congressman DANIELS of New Jersey with four or five Senate and House staff served and appreciated. and I sponsored legislation to provide for people, and talking with my editor, the Post "At first I was delighted to be elected," the development and implimentation of ran an editorial. It supported the blll of a says the former New York Giant star. "Then programs for Youth Camp Safety. New Jersey Democrat, Dominick Daniels, that I was overwhelmed. When the full impact Tragically, this bill did not receive pas­ called for strong safety standards for sum­ registered, it was just an indescribably won­ mer youth camps. These minimum federal derful feeling." sage. We have since reintroduced it standards could then be administered by the Irvin is the fourth player to be voted into CH.R. 1486) and hope that it will receive states; the latter would receive up to 80 per the Hall by the Negro League committee. swift passage in this Congress. cent funding from the federal government Satchel Paige was the first, in 1971, and last The true crusader in this campaign to administer them. The Daniels bill, pre­ year it was Buck Leonard and Josh Gibson. for improved camp safety has been sented as a new title of the Higher Educa­ Monte, who has lived in Orange all his life, Mitch Kurman, who lost his son in 1965 tion Act, was an effective approach because played for 10 years in the Negro leagues be­ due a lack of safety procedures at it provided incentives to let states run their fore the Jackie Robinson breakthrough in to own programs while insuring that nation­ 1947 finally enabled blacks to play in the the camp his son was attending. Since wide standards would be met. Thus, a camp majors. then, Mr. Kurman has been laboring in one state would have the same minimum Irvin won two batting championships in tirelessly in behalf of camp safety. standards as a camp a mile across a state those 10 years, batting .422 in 1940 and .386 On Sunday, February 4, 1973, the line or a camp 2,000 miles across the country. the following year. Washington Post, in their Potomac Many children are sent to safe, well-run "There were some great players in that magazine section, published an article camps where supervision is firm and acci­ league," Monte recalls. "It's a shame that dent prevention is taken seriously. This is recounting the battle Mitch Kurman has not true for all children, however; many are some of them never had the chance to play It in the major leagues. been waging. is an outstanding story, at camps where counselors have little knowl­ "The conditions were strictly second-rate written by Coleman McCarthy, a mem­ edge of dangerous waters or trails, where as far as living accommodations, travel and ber of the editorial page of the Wash­ safety equipment is not provided, where treatment. After the war, things were a little ington Post and will appear as an ex­ safety and health inspections are rare or better but it was still quite a difference com­ cerpt from Mr. McCarthy's book, Dis­ nonexistent. The statistical breakdown be­ ing to the majors." turbers of the Peace, which will be pub­ tween safe and unsafe camps is not known. Sadly, however, Monte was 30 years old by lished March 8. Portions of Mr. Mc­ A possible guide is that out of 11,000 camps the time he came to the Giants in 1949. Al­ in the oountry, only 3,500 are accredited by though he was an all-star performer for most Carthy's article follow: the American Camping Association, and of his eight major league seasons, seven with REMEMBERING CHILDREN-A CHILD'S DEATH even then the A.C.A.'s inspections are not the Giants and the last, in 1956, with the STARTS A ONE-MAN BATTLE FOR CAMP SAFETY strict. Only twenty-six states have legislation Chicago Cubs, he definitely had spent his (By Colman McCarthy) concerning sanitation. About fifteen have better days in the Negro leagues. What is worse for parents than the death safety regulations that would be meaningful. Irvin, who has a career average of .293 of a child? Only this-when the death is ac­ Only three or four make reference to person­ With 99 home runs, considered his biggest cidental, needless and could have been nel. Over the years, Congress had passed all thrlll in baseball, up until his Hall selection, avoided. No parent, whether a Vietnamese kinds of bills to protect alligators, coyotes, to be the 1951 season. mother whose child was killed by American birds, and bobcats but it was not yet con­ That was the year the Giants made an bombing or an American father whose son cerned about the 250,000 children annually incredible rush at the presumably safe, was killed because of corporate negllgence, disabled from camp accidents. A week later, league-leading Brooklyn Dodgers, catching ever fully recovers. Interior peace, the most the House debated the youth camp-safety their arch-rivals on the final day of the valuable kind, is forever gone. One reaction bills. It rejected the Daniels proposal and season. to losing a child needlessly is to push the in its place approved an amendment offered The subsequent playoff resulted in that even t from the mind, send it trackless into by Representative J. J. (Jake) Pickle, a Texas most famous hit of all time, Bobby Thom­ the inner space of memory where it will re­ Democrat. This called for a survey of the sit­ son's three-run homer in the ninth inning of main forever but at least be traveling in a uation. Three Congresses-the 90th, 91st and the final playoff game which gave the Giants random orbit away from the soul. Bury the 92nd-had held hearings on summer-camp a 5-4 victory and the pennant. dead and let life go on. Another reaction­ safety, taking testimony from dozens of "Just being a part of that team, and that more rare, more heroic-;-is to keep the trag­ informed witnesses; but Pickle thought more game, was something I'll always remember," edy fresh and current by alerting others that study was needed and, incredibly, the House Irvin says. It was the most dramatic season, t he conditions by which your child was agreed. Taking a survey is a favorite Congres­ the most dramatic moment, in baseball killed still exist. Other children may die need­ sional stall, a manana maneuver that delays history. lessly, perhaps yours. This is the vocation and confuses. Monte hit .458 in the World Series, but of the lantern-lighting it, going out into For supporters of the Daniels proposal, the the Yankees won in six games. In 1954, the the darkness of unconcern and apathy, tcy­ backing of another defeated bill meant little. Giants defeated Cleveland four straight to ing to focus on a major national tragedy but We took the stand we thought was right, but become world champions. That series was illuminating only small corners, not whole in the end the defeat of the Daniels bill was made famous by Dusty Rhodes' pinch-hitting rooms. Who listens? Who cares? only another mark in the won-lost columns. heroics and Willie Mays' catch on a certain A letter came in November 1971 from a In the weeks after, though, I kept wondering extra-base hit by Vic Wertz that thoroughly Westport, Connecticut, furniture salesman about Mitch Kurman. Was the defeat only demoralized the Indians. named Mitch Kurman. Handwritten, in a passing event for him? Did he go on, as Presently, Monte is the public relations di­ sprawling scrip·t, he asked if I would con­ we did, and take up other issues, shelving rector in the office of baseball commissioner sider writing an editorial for The Washing­ camp safety until it would come up in a Bowie Kuhn, a job he has held since 1968. ton Post supporting legislation for a youth future Congress? The questions bothered me, "I enjoy what I do," Monte says. "It ena­ summer-camp-safety bill. The Senate, Kur­ so I phoned Kurman and asked if I could bles me to play a role in baseball and, hope­ man's letter explained, had already passed visit him in Westport. He seemed surprised­ fully, to make a positive contribution." a bill with a unanimous vote of 53-0. The "! usually have to go to the press, instead House would soon be debating similar leg­ of the press coming to me"-but we arranged Monte and his wife Dee have two daugh­ a date convenient to both of us. ters, Pam and Patti, and Monte's work keeps islation, choosing between a bill that was him as busy as he likes. much stronger than the Senate version and a Mitch Kurman, 48, the grandson of Jewish immigrants and the father of two daughters, But he still cherishes his myriad baseball bill much weaker. Kurman's letter ended by saying that a Post editorial on summer­ is a furniture-manufacturers' representative. memories, both of the Negro leagues and the camp safety would be timely and possibly He knows what the factories are making and majors. helpful. Letters asking for editorial support what the stores are selling and puts himself "I loved my life in baseball," Irvin en­ are common but usually they come from a in the middle. The work takes Kurman thuses. "There were great experiences, super politician-senator or congressman-who has throughout New England and down the East people, and wonderful times." sponsored a particular bill, from a trade as­ Coast as far as North Carolina. Self-em­ "Being named to the Hall of Fame, sociation whose interest is totally vested, ployed, his office is in his basement; both his though, is the topper to a very satisfying sometimes from a lobbyist looking out for a wife, Betty, and his father help on the paper­ career." cllent. Here's our ba~dwagon, the letters work. Although Westport has the image of a February 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5479 fashionable and smart-set community, the senator (or every senator's legislative as­ they don't have to fear th7 special-interest Kurmans live in an unsplashy neighborhood, sistant) and nearly all the representatives. groups." a few blocks off the Merritt Parkway. Kur­ One of those on the H111 visited by Kurman In the House, Kurman was often amazed man is short, gentle-speaking, and totally in the early days and who has stayed with to find friendly receptions from men and gracious. His life since August 5, 1965, has him since is Dan Krivit, chief counsel for women who "were on the wrong side of every been one of lonely nonadjustment, a vigi­ the House Select Subcommittee on Labor. issue I cared about except youth camp lance that has tried to disturb the peace His subcommittee was the pad from which safety." On this, they wanted a strong law, that calmly allows 250,000 children to be a youth camp-safety b111 would be launched, and they said so. Following hearings, the best injured every year and large numbers killed. • if at all. "I remember when Kurman first bill to get out of the committee was one "My son David was drowned in a canoeing came around," Krivit recalled. "He was emo­ calling for a survey. An authorization of accident in Maine that August," said Kur­ tional. He did all the talking. He made de­ $175,000 was requested. This was a weak bill, man, seated on the living room sofa. "I am mands. He damned congressmen as do-noth­ much flabbier than the Ribicoff bill which not a wealthy man but I am not pleading ing politicians. God, he came on strong. But was now making its way through the Senate poverty either. I guess you might say I am I have a rule-that you have to distinguish and had, in fact, been voted in the Congress a man of possibly better-than-average means. between the guy who has facts and the guy before. Kurman was bitter when the House I did not want David growing up in a gold­ who has bluster. You can tell soon enough. voted down even the weak survey b111, 152- fish bowl of Westport. I thought it would We see a lot of special-interest people who 151. be good for him to get around. The boy loved are mostly big talk with small arguments. As though it was decided that a poisonous to read. He was a fine student and I thought The appeal of Kurman was that he had a pesticide should be sprayed once and for all it would be good for him to go off to a camp command of the facts. I was able to check at this bother-some gnat from Westport, and learn something about the outdoors. them out pretty quickly and see that he was H. R. Gross, an Iowa Republican known for The camp we sent him to was in New York right." his passion for saving the taxpayers' money State, run by a YMCA in Rochester. The Another whom Kurman saw in his early (though not on defense spending), spoke up. camp sent us a brochure which I think would trips to Congress was Representative Dom­ A survey for $175,000? asked Gross. What satisfy anyone had they looked at it and inick Daniels of New Jersey. A kindly man folly. Gross warned that if the House did not studied it. I certainly had the utmost confi­ who works hard but one of the anonymous watch out, it would soon be sending federal dence in the boy's ablllty to swim and I herd of low-profile congressmen. Daniels "wet nurses" to look out for the kids in cal\lP· certainly did not expect anything like a took an interest in Kurman and agreed to A columnist for the Washington Star also drowning. I expected adventure. I expected hold hearings. In July 1968, he told his col­ checked in with his wit. "Maybe someone fun. I expected good, hard work, and I ex­ leagues on the opening day of testimony: ought to make another approach" rather pected him to be paddling, which is what I "This morning we take the first major step than the survey, wrote John McKelway. "Why wanted and which is why I sent him there. forward to provide minimum federal safety not let the National Institutes of Health see I did not send him on any expeditionary standards for summer camps across the na­ if it can find a cure for homesickness?" Turn­ situation, something to endanger his life." tion. We must identify the nature and mag­ ing serious, McKelway said that if it wasn't On August 5, the YMCA group made its nitude of such problems as may exist and for "that small item of $175,000" it would way to the west branch of the Penobscot consider whether state and local regulations "probably be safe to say this piece of legisla­ River near Millinocket in Maine. The camp­ are adequate to deal with them. If we de­ tion is the most innocuous thing to have ers were going down a section of the river termine during the course of these hearings faced the 91st Congress." Kurman had be­ called Passamaquoddy Falls when a number that a significant problem exists, I pledge come accustomed by now to the hidden of the canoes were overturned by the rough that I will do everything in my power to opposition of the Boy Scouts and the private­ waters and jutting rocks. The YMCA coun­ ameliorate the situation. Summer camps camp operators but being laughed at was selor had not supplied the boys with life deal in what is perhaps the most precious devastating. jackets. "When David was killed," Kurman commodity we have-the llves of our young­ Although the public argument against said, "it took a three-and-half-day search to sters." federal legislation for camp safety was that find the boy's body. The waters the group Although the hearings were a success and the states could and should do the job them­ tried to pass through were a raging hellhole glowing statements of support were heard selves, Kurman believed another reason ex­ that no man in his right mind would ever at­ for the Daniels bill, nothing ever came of. isted also-money. "Let's face it," he said, tempt. I graduated from Cornell as a biologist them in the way of legislatio:r;l. Dan Krivit "safety costs money. Spending money for and if I was ever told to investigate that said that "we couldn't muster enough en­ things like life vests, sturdy boats, qualified water, I would probably sit on a riverbank thusiasm." Kurman was dismayed that Con­ personnel, well, it means you have an expense and write out a report. I would not go into gress did not act, particularly when the you might otherwise cut corners on. Running that water. When I went up to look at the .American Camping Association-which is a camp is a business. There's nothing wrong waters myself, I learned that the Great not a militant group-endorsed the Daniels with that. Profits aren't evil. They only be­ Northern Paper Company has a large paper proposals. Although Kurman had been come bad when you risk lives for the sake of mill in the area. They shoot their cords of around politicians enough by now to know making more money." pulpwood logs to the mill downriver and in that most of them were banal lightweights, Instead of being depressed by the brutal this stretch where David was killed, the logs he still had faith that change would come. defeat he had taken, Kurman became even actually tumble end over end." At the hearing, he finished his testimony more dogged. He kept in close contact with Shortly after the accident, Kurman made by saying: "I want to thank you, Chairman Dan Krivit and Dominick Daniels. Both ad­ the first of what would, in six years, be hun­ Daniels. I think it is a wonderful thing when vised Kurman that not much more could be dreds of journeys to get legislation for camp an ordinary citizen of this country can go done in the 91st Congress; let things ride. The safety. "Maybe I just should have forgotten before the representatives that we have and only source of encouragement was in two about the whole thing," he said. "People tell get a hearing such as I have had. It certainly pieces of legislation that were now on the me I am a little crazy for keeping with this does far, far more for my feelings toward books: the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act tragedy. all these years, since nineteen sixty­ this wonderful country we live in than any­ and the Occupational Health and Safety Act. five, with no let up. They mean well and thing I have ever read in textbooks or any­ Both required that standards be set and en­ they tell me to relax, forget about the past. thing else, and I want to thank you very forced by the federal government. If Congress They ask me how I don't go out of my mind much." Dan Krivit, who was present for these could approve of this kind of "federal inter­ to fight this. The facts are the opposite, words, said that some of the politicians were ference" that would affect industries with though. I'd lose my mind if I knew these touched by Kurman's sincerity. "He sounded earnings in the tens of billions, why couldn't conditions existed and didn't do anything. almost corny, even a little pious. But nobody a camp-safety bill-involving only one indus­ A friend of mine, a kind guy, says maybe a in the room moved a muscle or shuffled a try-be passed also? Even more compelling psychiatrist could help me forget about paper when he spoke." was another fact: if the employees of the David and about camp safety. He means well Daniels and Krivit, as disappointed as Kur­ camps were now covered by a federal safety but isn't it strange? I don't need a psy­ man that nothing resulted from the hearings law why not the children? Yet even this en­ chiatrist. I'm normal. My friend needs the in the 90th Congress, immediately called couragement had a bleak side to it. In 1969, help. He looks away from the reality." witnesses for a new set of hea.rings early in Congress had passed a safety-and-health law for coal miners all right, but it had been con­ • • • * • the first session of the 91st Congress. By now At the same time Kurman was going after Kurman was becoming a wise pool player, sidering the law since 1951-eighteen years alert to all the political angles between which and thousands of dead workers before. Camp the state politicians, he was also coming safety had only been an issue for six years to Washington. A national blll was his goal. legislation continually caroms. He became a and the total number of corpses was still only In six years, he believes he has seen every regular visitor to Washington, going up and in the hundreds. Have a little patience, Mr. down the halls of the Cannon office building, Kurman. • Statistics on camp fatalities are hard to the Rayburn building, the new Senate office Going to the post for the third time, come by. In 1965, the Mutual Security Life building and the old Senate office building, Daniels held hearings in July 1971. The same Insurance Company of Fort Wayne, Indiana, spreading out his facts to the politicians and facts of tragedy and negligence came out, made a study of 3.5 million campers, mostly their aides. He found senators more con­ facts that by now were trotted out like children in organized camps. Between the genial. "They are in for six years, so they tired dray horses. This time, the House was years 1962 and 1964, 88 death claims were are free from the pressure the representative faced with a choice of five bills, while in the submitted. gets. Their constituency is wider also, so Senate the Ribicoff bill stm stood. The 5480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 27, 1973 scene was quiet until November, Kurman saying that the states ought to have the He and Betty were silent for a few minutes, again came to Washington. The pressure right to enforce any such standards." each with their own feelings of sadness. But was on because it was known that the House Coach Darrell Royal, for example, who ran they had a rage too. "We have a terrific sys­ would soon debate the camp-safety bills as Camp Champion when he wasn't on the tem," Kurman said, echoing his lofty state­ an · amendment to the Higher Education gridiron, had wired Pickle. So did the Dallas ment in the House hearings five years before. Act. I spoke with Kurman and was amazed YMCA "representing many of the YMCAs "But money corrupts. Everybody thinks poli­ at his fullness of hope, that he still talked of Texas." ticians have power but when you talk to the as if he had discovered the outrage only Pickle did not come on as a Neanderthal politicians, they say 'What can I do? I'm that morning. "I have faith in Congress," he who wanted the law of the cave to prevail. only one Congressman, I'm helpless too.' You said. "Do you know that there are a lot of Instead, he pictured himself as one who hear that from senators. Imagine, a United them I've persuaded since the last session?" truly cared about the children. "Everyone," States senator saying he's helpless. I remem­ He ran off a few names, less known to most he said, "is in favor of camp safety. There is ber talking to Hubert Humphrey-he told Americans than the second-string line-ups not a man or woman in this chamber who me there are 'powerful forces' at work against of baseball's expansion teams. Yet, they were would vote against saving the lives of chil­ the camp-safety b111. But when I asked him people who had power over our lives. On dren. But Mr. Chairman, we must mix in specifically who these powerful forces were, November 4, the House, working well into some judgment with our fervor. I think the Humphrey had nothing to say. For the first the evening, argued camp safety, now known intent of the committee's legislation is good time, he was speechless. It comes down to as Title 19 of the Higher Education Act. and I support that intent. However, I think this. For every profitable industry you have Kurman had allies who knew their facts and we may be premature in our action today. a lobby to protect and a group of politicians argued forcefully. This legislation would create a new bureauc­ to protect the lobby. It's like the new double­ Rep. John Dent of Pennsylvania: "Does racy with strong regulations, inspections, protection door locks that are sell1ng so big anybody in this place really believe that and enforcement through fines and injunc­ to keep the thieves out. But the lobbying­ these camps in America are all safe and tions. Mr. Chairman, I will readily admit and political complex keeps the thieves in so that quiet little havens? Let me tell you some­ even support legislation which might save the public never sees them. But they steal and thing. The brochures they have in most the life of even one child away at camp. rob from us all the same. They stole our son." instances on these camps are so antiquated I know in my own mind that there are camps Most of the political defeats recorded in that they do not even cover or resemble what in this country which may need policing American life are suffered by persons holding the camp looks like when the ch11dren are . . . I do not think we know enough about or seeking office and who, on election day, sent there by their parents. Anybody can the problems of camp safety. I am not cer­ are rejected by the voters. But politicians are be hired. No one needs to pass any kind of tain in my own mind if the bill before us not the only ones who are struck down by examination or test of any kind. There is even goes to the heart of the matter. And political defeat. Common citizens, obscure, not even a simple qualification or require­ before we jump with the solution, I think self-supporting, and in debt to nothing but ment as to their ability for training or any­ we would be wise first to survey the needs. I a conscience, are rejected also. Newspapers thing. A camp is an open place with abso­ think we should first have a comprehensive and news shows are filled with reports on pri­ lutely no requirements as to who can run study to seek out the basics, like how many mary campaigns, delegate counts, the point­ them and who cannot run them or who camps exist, who runs them, what kind of less polls and the useless speeches, so only shall be allowed to run them. This is the safety training exists for their personnel, occasionally is anyone aware that a struggle only place in the whole activity of youth in what is the true accident record, and all the involving a lone citizen is going on. The the entire country where there is not one pertinent questions which must be asked." defeat suffered by Mitch and Betty Kurman single federal regulation as to even mini­ H. R. Gross, Mr. Money Saver, was not was filled with frustration, anguish, and mum requirements for safety." heard this time around on the idea of the gloom, yet personally the Kurmans were not Another voice was from a New York Re­ survey, even though the cost was now up to beaten; they held or sought no office and publican, Peter Peyser. Referring to the $300,000. As a final irony, Gross joined Jake they cared nothing about political parties. In arguments calling for inaction or delay, he Pickle and 182 others in voting for the sur­ reality, the defeat was one for the American said, "I must say I am a little amazed by vey amendment of Pickle and against the political system, for the goal of participatory some of the things I am hearing said about standards bill of Daniels. Only 166 supported democracy that glowing speakers yak about camp safety here. There is a problem of the latter. The survey amendment joined the to college students at graduation time. The camp safety but people seem to be saying, Ribicoff bill in the Senate and went into story of Mitch Kurman suggests that the ex­ "We do not have any statistics dealing with conference committee--a parliamentary de­ citement of selecting a new president may be safety in camps. Statistics are very simple. vice where a final bill is drawn up in closed the smell1ng salts by which public apathy is I have a list right here of thirty-five children sessions, reconciling differences between revived but it wm barely disturb the near­ killed this past summer, and this is one sec­ House and Senate versions. The Ribicoff bill, dead feelings of the wealthy industries sup­ tion of the country. They were all killed in while superior to the survey, was still basical­ ported by forceful lobbies and the Jake camps; killed in accidents, for the most ly ·weak because it only allowed states to Pickles. part, which never should have happened. adopt HEW standards, rather than requiring I continue to get calls and letters from There were six drownings with no lifeguards them to do so. Thus, if Texas or any state Kurman, and I write to him. Mostly he sends on duty. Six were killed in a truck with a doesn't want to get in line, it doesn't have to. a.long clippings of camping accidents-six teen-age girl driving on the highway, who Indeed, there is small chance they will. Oddly, kids k111ed here because of bald tires on the had no proper license to drive a group of one Texas congressman who has been friendly camp truck that crashed, two drowned there children, and there were no regulations in to Kurman and who voted against the Pickle because of no life jackets; one kid sexually the camp as to who would or could drive. survey and for the Daniels bill, was Bob molested by a deranged camp counselor who We have lists from California, New Hamp­ Eckhardt. "I was under a great deal of pres­ was hired on without background checking, shire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minne­ sure to oppose the legislation (the Daniels two children killed when they slipped on a ~:~ota, Oklahoma-! can name all of these bill) and received many letters from camp rocky ledge that a counselor led them on states with deaths in this year. There were owners and directors from all over the South­ against the advice of a park ranger, Each thousands of accidents." west," Eckhardt wrote Kurman. "I cannot story is tragic, and I wonder how Kurman However persuasive these arguments were, tell you how much I admire your fine work. can absorb it all. Each letter and call ends Jake Pickle of Austin, Texas, would have It is most unfortunate that it takes such on the same note, that Kurman had recently none of it. His opposition remained firm. personal tragedies to wake the country up. I been to see another congressman and per­ For one thing, "as an Eagle Scout, I think sometimes fear, however that the power of suaded him about the need for a camp-safety I know what safety means in any camp ... the special-interest lobby groups to defeat law. Let us not get trapped into supporting the pro-people programs is limitless." Daniels b111 ... Support my substitute, and I was with Mitch and Betty Kurman in then we can have a study and have some Westport in mid-spring 1972 when the con­ facts to determine what to do." Ironically ference committee was wrangling over the SURVIVAL OF OEO Pickle was now calling for the same survey Pickle and Ribicoff bills. Kurman was in high idea which two years earlier had been voted spirits, at the prospect that the committee down by the House and mocked by the would go along with the Ribico:ff approach. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke Washington Star columnist. "This is pro­ "I'm sure they will," he said with excitement. OF CALIFORNIA gress," Kurman said. "We will eventually "They know~hat a long fight this has been. have a camp-safety law. Everyone knows this, They know what kind of action is needed, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so the people like Pickle try to poke along and even then the Ribicoff approach is a Monday, February 26, 1973 in slow motion because they know they can't mild one. I've spoken to every man and stop it. I can't give up. I have to keep snap­ Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ ping at them." woman on the committee at least once, some of them two or three times. They know me." er, on Thursday, February 8, 1973, I The position of Eagle Scout Pickle was testified before the Subcommittee on based less on the rightness or wrongness of Shortly before lunch, a phone call came from the issue than on what his constituents de­ Washington. Kurman took it, and five min­ Equal Opportunities of the House Com­ manded. Pickle said on the House floor that utes later came back to the living room, mittee on Education and Labor concern­ he had numerous wires from "a dozen or stooped over, silent, slumping into the sofa. ing the President's cutbacks and reor­ more major camps in my district strongly "They settled on the Pickle survey bill," he ganization proposals for the Office of opposing this measure (the Daniels bill) , said. Economi~ Opportunity. February 27, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5481 There is more at stake here than just Community Action programs perform are business resources amount to about $75 mil­ the proposed decrease in Federal funds. viewed as being simply another form of gov­ lion. The total emerging picture of Commu­ Many operational programs of OEO will ernment services for the poor and disadvan­ nity Action Agencies are rapidly becoming taged-such as a local welfare department's very positive forces in their communities. actually be closed, not transferred to day-care program or payments made formed­ They can play significant roles in helping other line agencies, including most prob­ ical services-then it would probably be communities rise to the challenges of reve­ ably the outreach activities which com­ proper to see the Administration's policy as nue-sharing and other forms of government munity action agencies have started. one of rational consolidation of federal and deccntraliza tion." Further, the use of community participa­ local services. But OEO's Community Action This then is a far different analysis of the tion to influence local policies affecting Agencies are not simply providing services to effectiveness of community action operations the disadvantaged will, most likely, dis­ ameliorate the conditions of poverty and they than the President presented in his recent were never meant to. They provide much Budget message. In the Budget, he claimed appear entirely, and the innovative "one­ more. that "community action has had an ade­ door" approach to health care for the A host of other government programs pro­ quate opportunity to demonstrate its value poor that has been the hallmark of com­ vid,e the vast bulk of services and income to local communities. Little justification munity health centers may well be lost supplements to the poor. These include So­ for continuing separate categorical funding as the administration shuffles priorities cial Services grants under the Federal welfare can be identified." What I would like to in health care. program, ESEA educational assistance, man­ know, Mr. Chairman, is on what information I am including at this point in the CoN­ power training programs, Medicaid, and and facts did the President rely in making CRESSIONAL RECORD a COPY Of my testi­ Food Stamps, to name a few. The contribu­ this statement? tion of OEO's Community Action Agencies is In the last few years, OEO programs have mony before the Subcommittee on Equal in a very different and much needed and ne­ increasingly committed themselves to a new Opportunities for my colleagues' imme­ glected area. area of activity-"self-help" programs. The diate attention: The over 900 Community Action Agencies newly-established Community Economic De­ TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSWOMAN YVONNE B. consolidate and coordinate the various Fed­ velopment program, formerly called the BURKE eral, state, local and community service pro­ "Special Impact" program, is the primary Mr. Chairman, there is a somber mood grams and activities and make them work­ example of this new thrust. The Community which prevades this room today, and it is a able, cohesive efforts rather than scattered Development Corporations supported by mood of sincere and profound concern about and fragmented lunges at various problems OEO's Community Economic Development the commitment of the present Administra­ of the poor. On the average, approximately program have been widely recognized as the tion to pursue policies which effectively deal 50% of the funds that Community Action most successful effort by any organization­ with the problems of the poor, the sick, the Agencies administer come from OEO. The governmental or non-governmental-to pro­ homeless, and the jobless. bulk of Community Action Agency sponsored mote realistic economic development in low We have heard the President say in past programs have sharply defined goals; the income communities, using both seed money weeks that "we must reject the mistaken Agency provides the overview and direction. and technical assistance to deal with the notion ... that ever-bigger government is The local agency serves as the mechanism to multiple problems involved in economic de­ the answer to every problem." But, Mr. coordinate the attack on problems the poor velopment. Chairman, we must ask here today, "What face in the area of services. In addition to removing the support Com­ are Mr. Nixon's answers to these problems?" By eliminating OEO's Community Action munity Action Agencies have given these Mr. Nixon has proposed to abolish the Of­ Agency funding and forcing them to depend corporations, the Administration has pro­ fice of Economic Opportunity and transfer on the revenue sharing pot, the Administra­ posed transferring this economic develop­ certain of its programs to other federal line tion is not just shifting administrative re­ ment effort to the Office of Minority Business agencies, a policy which Mr. Ni~on says rep­ sponsib111ty for Community Action Agency Enterprises (OMBE) in the Department of resents "a pragmatic rededication to social functions to local governments. Rather it is, Commerce. The combined budget for fiscal compassion and national excellence, in place for all practical purposes eliminating the 1974 for OMBE and the OEO economic devel­ of fuzzy follow-through which too often in major sources of program consolidation and opment program shows, however. a net reduc­ the past was thought sufficient." mob1lization for institutional change at the tion of some $28.7 million in programs de­ But many operational programs of OEO local level. Services in the limited sense of signed to support minority businesses. The will actually be closed, not transferred. The Head Start projects or Neighborhood Health traditional thrust of OMBE has been one ot out-reach activities which non-profit com­ Centers will probably continue, although providing educational and technical assist­ munity action agencies have started and the probably in an altered form as other agencies ance to individual businessmen in poverty use of community participation to influence impose their own guidelines on the former areas. Contrasted With the corporation's local policies affecting the disadvantaged will, OEO programs. However, the unique func­ approach, it makes little sense to send an most likely, disappear entirely. And it is less tions that CAAs performed will disappear. individual businessman into a low-income than certain that any of the revenue sharing Programs that were once part of coordinated area with little capital, no matter how much funds will fill the gap. I would enjoy learning efforts and "sparks" for further logically, technical expertise to which he may have which cities will be receiving more total linked changes will become simply, dead-end access. federal funds under revenue sharing and the service providers, offering little chance of The community development corporation proposed 1974 Budget then they are sched­ change in the wider complex of problems fac­ approach of involving the community in a. uled to receive under this year's budget. ing the poor in Los Angeles, Community large project with necessary capital where OEO was established to bring about condi­ Action Agencies such as the FYOA and the various components will re-inforce one an­ tions at the local level to help the plaguing Compton CAA will lose the "core" funding other has proved itself more successful. The problems of poverty and to serve as a co­ from OEO that made it possible for them to East Los Angeles Community Union, a com­ ordinated link between human resources of coordinate existing programs and mobilize munity development corporation has joint the community to launch out in new direc­ ventured with a housing planning group for the government and the poor. OEO was estab­ tions. At this moment, their future is uncer­ lished because the line departments-the a community-based housing project to dem­ tain, and no substitute has been offered to onstrate real "urban renewal" supported by very agencies to which OEO programs now take their place. are being scattered-were both unwilling and the community! It is likely that, placed in Mr. Chairman, I have had an opportunity OMBE, the community economic develop­ unable to deal effectively with low income last night briefly to review an unreleased and minority citizens. ment program will become just another half­ OEO developed evaluation of the community way and fragmented attempt to aid the poor. Over the past few weeks, as the Adminis­ action agencies. This evaluation applauds tration's policy regarding OEO and its pro­ With a transfer to OMBE, what will happen the agencies for their efforts in helping the to the needed stress on an approach which grams have become increasingly clear, most poor become self-sufficient. This evaluation people have labeled the President's actions uses all the resources of the community to is entitled Utilization Test Survey Data for create economic development? What will hap­ as an administrative reorganization. Some 591 Community Action Agencies, January, have seen it as an end to the federal War on pen to the linkage to the community that 1973. This evaluation states, and I quote, the community development corporation Poverty effort. Yet labeling the Administra­ "There is now emerging for the first time tion's policy as merely reorganization over­ supplies? a national picture of community action The next area that I want to talk about is looks in what my view is the real nature of achievements in terms of the mission em­ the Administration's policy, namely to de­ the OEO health programs. The Administra­ phasized by this Administration. tion proposes to transfer OEO's health pro­ stroy the unique functions that CEO­ "Community action is already producing sponsored activities have performed. grams, most importantly, Comprehensive highly constructive results in both u,rban Health Services Centers, to the Department of One example of this attitude is the Admin­ and rural communities and the trends indi.. istration's decision to eliminate funding for cate that continued effort in this direction Health, Education, and Welfare. This is, sup­ Community Action Agencies and certain will produce substantially greater returns on posedly, to centralize the administration of other community action operations. This will a small investment. health programs in one agency. But will the result in the destruction of most existing "Perhaps most surprising is the very sub­ innovations of OEO health centers, such as Community Action Agencies as they are pres­ stantial mobilization of business and indus­ the South Central Multipurpose Health Serv­ ently constituted. try resources, especially in rural areas. Total ice Corporation in Los Angeles (which has If the functions that the OEO-sponsored CXIX--347-Part 5 5482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 27, 1973 already seen over a $1 million drop in its Court declared unconstitutional the practice ment practices, education, and in medical budget) be continued or will they be dropped of repossessing personal property upon the and legal professions in improving the ac­ in favor of some different approach? mere filing of an action by a creditor without cess of services to the poor. OEO brought We already have one indication in the a prior court hearing to determine the valid­ the alienated and disenfranchised into the President's fiscal 1974 budget proposal which ity of the charge. These cases have profoundly democratic process, gave them a window to calls for a de-emphasis on health services altered the law, affecting significantly the government, provided them with hope at a delivery with a possible switch-over to Health lives of thousands of the poor by a single time when hope was obscure. With the dis­ Maintenance Organization. A total of $147 ruling. mantling of OEO, not only the symbol of con­ million for OEO health programs is required The kinds of assistance and services these cern, but the actual involvement and com­ in the 1974 Budget for HEW, compared with centers provide to legal service projects and mitment of the government will be sus­ the 1973 obligation of $165.2 million, a reduc­ to law schools are badly needed by individ­ pended tion of $18.2 million. When this account of ual projects and by lawyers who don't have Who will lobby for the poor in commu­ $147 million is transferred to the HEW the time or expertise to become proficient nities where the poor have no effective voice Health Services Delivery budget of 1974, one in every area of poverty law. The centers also in the decisions of government? I urge this discovers a further cut in the overall Health play a role with the rest of OEO's programs. Committee to review carefully the full im­ Services Delivery budget of nearly $47 mil­ The "back-up" functions of the Berkeley plications of the President's proposal before lion. Further, the administration is pro­ project, for example, are directed at assist­ it accepts the demise of OEO, and to con­ posing a reduction in the 1973 appropriation ing lawyers working with Community De­ sider the possibility of enacting categorical of some $45 million, bringing the total net velopment Corporations. One of the recent funding legislation to preserve these pro­ loss to some $110 mlllion. successful CDC ventures they contributed to grams which have aided the poor. The innovative "one-door" approach to was the Salinas Valley "Strawberry Coopera­ Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ health care for the poor that has been the tive." It brought a group of migrant families mittee, thank you very much for your pa­ hallmark of Community Health Centers may from average incomes of $3500 per year to tience and courtesy in allowing me to pre­ well be lost as the administration shuffles nearly $12,000, and provided the basis for sent this testimony. priorities in health care-with the result that future spin-offs of new cooperatives spon­ the poor, with their very special set of health sored by the parent "Strawberry Coop." problems, will suffer. The successful South­ "Back-up" centers like these fill a special Central Community Health Center in Los need for Legal Services projects and for pro­ DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION Angeles services about 500 people per month, grams like Community Development Corpo­ and has demonstrated its importance of the rations attempting to help the poor. Efforts community. · to help the poor always face legal problems. Finally, Mr. Chairman, a word about OEO In many cases, developments in one area can HON. PETER A. PEYSER Legal Services. Recent reports and news be applied to others. In general, legal serv­ OF NEW YORK stories have indicated a definite Administra­ ices lawyers cannot, by themselves, provide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion bias against OEO's Legal Services' a broad range of expertise in every facet of "back-up" centers. Since this committee will "poverty law." The function of back-up Monday, February 26, 1973 soon be dealing with legal services legislation, centers is to assist by "filling in the gaps" Mr. PEYiSER. Mr. Speaker, today, I I would like to make a few observations con­ and searching out new ways to handle legal cerning the role these centers have played problems faced by the poor. They help make have joined with my distinguished col­ in our community and their critical rela­ the Legal Services program and all OEO's league and good friend from the State of tionship to the rest of OEO's programs. programs a unified operating system. When Washington, LLOYD MEEDS, in introduc­ Two centers in California-the Los An­ this Committee considers the Legal services ing an extension of the Drug Abuse Edu­ geles-based Western Center on Law and Po­ Corporation legislation, I would strongly cation Act of 1970. verty, and the University of California at recommend that specific provisions should I feel that this act has played an in­ Berkeley's National Housing and Economic be made for preserving and protecting the Development Law Project--serve as vivid ex­ independence necessary to ensure the con­ valuable role in this country's war amples of their fundamental value and im­ tinual role of these centers. against drug abuse, and it is absolutely portance. The "back-up" functions of the In closing, Mr. Chairman, I would just like vital that we continue this program. Western Center have included assistance in to point out that what I am worried about The moneys that are authorized in this appellate litigation, training assistance, and today is not only the decrease in federal bill are an investment in the fight clinical education assistance to law schools. funds. The President's Budget for 1974 repre­ against the misuse of drugs, and the re­ The recent California precedent setting deci­ sents more than a shift in priorities of spend­ turns from this investment will be meas­ sion of Serrano vs. Priest, declaring uncon­ ing the federal tax dollar. It demonstrates a stitutional California's school financing radical reorganiaztion of our federal system ured in saved lives and saved moneys for scheme, was a direct result of Western Cen­ of government. drug rehabilitation programs. This pro­ ter's skill and involvement. Also, the Western This proposed new federalism represents a gram is an intricate part of our con­ Center participated in the case of Blair vs. direct challenge to the institutional changes tinued efforts to curb drug abuse, and it Pitches, wherein the California Supreme developed over the last five years in employ- deserves the full support of Congress.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, February 27, 1973 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THE JOURNAL Senate insists upon its amendments to Dr. Lawrence P. Fitzpatrick, national The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ the joint resolution BIBLE, Mr. MONTOYA, a voice strong and resonant that we may Mr. INOUYE, Mr. YOUNG, Mr. HRUSKA, Mr. speak out to defend our Nation when MESSAGE FROM THE SENA'TIE COTTON, and Mr. BROOKE to be the con­ and where she is right and to voice the ferees on the part of the Senate. need for change when and where she A message from the Senate by Mr. might be wrong. May our deliberations Arrington, one of its clerks, announced this day help bring peace to a world that the Senate had .passed with amend­ APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF U.S. caught up in turmoil. God help us when ments, in which the concurrence of the GROUP OF NORTH ATLANTIC we do right; God forgive us when we House is requested, a joint resolution of ASSEMBLY fail. the House of the following title: The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ Be with each of us as we try to carry H.J. Res. 345. Joint resolution making fur­ visions of section 1, Public Law 689, 84th out the responsibilities that we alone ther continuing appropriations for the fiscal Congress, as amended, the Chair appoints can fulfill. Be with us this day and year 1973, and for other purposes. as members of the U.S. Group of the throughout life. Amen. The message also announced that the North Atlantic Assembly the following