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Advising Fraternities and Sororities Greek Life – the Dr. Charles Eberly Collection

1993 Advising Fraternities and Sororities (part 1) Association of Fraternity Advisors

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This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Greek Life – the Dr. Charles Eberly Collection at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Advising Fraternities and Sororities by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alcohol an� �ther Drug Prevention: A Bulletin for

E I r:x., Fraternity and �orority I A

I A I • Advisers

;Gnter tP� For Alcohol And Other Drug Prevention �"' . tf11tatio" Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention: The written biennial review must be made of experience, and the different issues staff publicizing the number of nonbinge available to anyone who asks fora copy. were grappling with due to the size of their drinkers). While all of these approaches student populations, the following recom­ are necessary in a comprehensive preven­ A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors This bulletin is intended foradministra tive mendations forprevention programming tion effort, this bulletin will focuson two staffresponsible forAOD prevention were mentioned again and again: of them: education and environmental students on by programming for Greek change. These two approaches tend to be campus. In most cases, this is the Greek • Get students involved as leaders, Tammy Enos and Tanutda Pittayathikhun more intensive in nature, and they also advisor, assistant dean of students, or other educators, decision makers, and have the practical value ofreaching a large student affairs staffmembers . In other planners. number of students which, as the box cases, it may be someone from the drug shows, are two key components of • Get back to basics. Emphasize what and alcohol prevention staffor from the actual experiences in addressing drinking • a description of the health risks it means to commit oneself to a effective prevention programming. Introduction school health center. Other audiences for and drug use problems on campus. This associated with the use of alcohol fraternity or sorority. the bulletin include chapter advisors (that While alcohol abuse, other drug use, and bulletin addresses that gap by describing and illicit drugs; is, alumni/ae volunteers) and undergradu­ • "Advisor focus has primarily underage drinking among college students prevention approaches that Greek affairs Focus on the positive. • a description of any drug or alcohol ate chapter officers, such as chapter are by no means limited to Greek organi­ staff have used on their own campuses and been in the areas of risk man­ counseling, treatment, or rehabilita­ presidents, new member class leaders and • Do not preach. Allow students to zations, it is important to target fraternity by presenting several national AOD agement and policy compliance; tion programs available to students educators, social chairpersons, and risk make choices. and sorority members with prevention prevention programs specificallydesigned advisors haven 't been given as and employees; management officers. efforts. To be sure, Greeks at most or customized forGr eeks. • Educate students on school and many resources, and there has campuses are already living under stricter • standards of conduct that clearly Greek policies concerning AOD use been less pressure applied,to Greek advisors cannot solve the underage Overview guidelines due to policies put into effect and the consequences of violating address AOD as a health, and binge drinking problem among prohibit the unlawful possession, by their national organizations. However, the policies. Students will make fraternity and sorority members by use, or distribution of alcohol and There are over 800 colleges and universi­ wellness,and personal decision­ a 1993 survey of over 17,000 students at mistakes and they will make wrong themselves. Rather, Greek advisors need illicit drugs by students and employ­ ties in the United States with Greek making issue." 140 four-yearcolleges in 40 states found choices, but the most one can do is to collaborate with college administrators ees on school property or as part of organizations. As a result, this bulletin that 86 percent of students who lived in to provide the tools to educate them. to develop a comprehensive plan that any school activities; provides only a sampling of the prevention -Cathy Earley, Director of fraternities were binge drinkers-that is, includes multiple prevention approaches activities Greeks are involved with on • Student Services, National had consumed at least fivedrinks at one • a description of the applicable legal Provide alternatives to drinking which address each facet of the problem, campuses around the country. The Interfraternity Conference sitting during the previous two weeks­ sanctions under local, state, or alcohol. including the school's drinking environ­ information is based on over 30 telephone (NIC) compared with 50 percent of male students federal law forthe unlawfulposses­ ment and norms about drinking. As a interviews with professionals involved • Take full advantage of the resources overall.1 Jn addition, students living in sion, use, or distribution of alcohol result, prevention approaches discussed in with AOD prevention and Greek life, on campus. fraternities and sororities report drinking and illicit drugs; Prevention programming goes beyond this bulletin should be seen as only one ranging from deans of students to graduate policy making and policy enforcement. In three times as many drinks per week as the • Do not focuson risk management or part of a comprehensive campus attack on • a clear statement that the school will assistants to traveling consultants. Irre­ average student.2 Although Greeks may liability. Make AOD prevention addition to their individual national the problem of underage and binge impose disciplinary sanctions on spective of differences in job titles, levels represent a small percentage of the total part of a holistic approach using fraternity and sorority policies, Greek drinking among students. students and employees who violate student population at most schools, self-development and self-awareness students must be informedabout university the standards of conduct; and AOD policies and the consequences of fraternityand sorority members generally In order to further promote comprehensive tools. violating those policies. have considerable influence on the social campus prevention programming, Con­ • a description of the sanctions, up to Beyond Policy Making In dealing with AOD concerns oncampu s, scene and the social norms on campus. In gress enacted the Drug-Free Schools and and including expulsion, termination Because the strategies discussed in the there is a special need to focuson preven­ The prevention approaches described in light of these considerations, it is impor­ Campuses Act, codifiedas Part 86 of of employment, and referral to local bulletin go beyond policy making and tion and to be proactive. In the past, there this bulletin are divided into three catego­ tant to continue to provide resources on EDGAR3 (34 CFR Part 86). Failure to law enforcement. liability issues, the publication makes has been a heavy emphasis on liability, ries: alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention meet Part 86 of EDGAR requirements can no distinctions between Greeks with particularly forGr eeks, but that is a weak to the Greek advisor on campus. put a school's federal funding in jeopardy. The regulations also require schools to housing and Greeks without housing, • Campus Programs-approaches prevention strategy because it does not Part 86 of EDGAR requires that every prepare a written review of their program or between on-campus and off-campus targeted to the entire Greek system Greek advisors play a crucial role in change attitudes surrounding AOD use. institution of higher education, as a every two years to 1) determine its housing fo r Greeks. Of course, on campus or approaches targeted to alcohol and other drug prevention among effectiveness and implement any needed condition of receiving any federal financial advisors in these situations fa ce There are six principal AOD prevention the entire student population which students with whom they work. Yet there changes, and 2) ensure that the school's assistance, must provide the following different problems, but these differ­ are applicable to Greeks. Programs appear to be no publications targeted at strategies:4 information dissemination; informationto each student and employee: sanctions are being consistently enforced. ences are largely relevant only when may be under the jurisdiction of the Greek advisors that rely on this group's providing alternatives to drinking and drug talking about policy enforcement and use; problem identification and referral; Greek advisor, school health center, party management-fo r example, education; community-based activities or student activities office. A publication of The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. Funded by the U.S. Department of Education. checking IDs or limiting the number of (e.g., organizing, planning, coalition • National Programs-approaches guests admitted and the quantity y of building); and efforts to change the This bulletin was produced under Contract No. SS9-30-25-00 I. Views expressed are those of the contractor. No official support or endorsement b targeted, or readily available, to all alcohol served. environment (e.g., registering parties, the U.S. Department of Education is intended or should be inferred. Publication No. ED/OPE96-5. Greek chapters on all campuses.

2 Higher Education Center A Bulletin forFraternity and Sorority Advisors 3 Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

attributed their interest in the coalition to attending weekly two-hour meetings evaluate a substance-free, weekend retreat Examples include GAMMA (Greeks helping students to help themselves. As a during the year, and being available for the considerable support foroutdoor fornew members as a method of reducing Key Features of Prevention Advocating the Mature Management result, one of the most common ap­ officehours to speak with Greeks who activities and outdoor living at Montana binge drinking. The idea forthe retreat Programming of Alcohol), Our Chapter, Our proaches to AOD prevention involves p eer concerns. State; Greeks on campus want to be a part grew out of a desire to provide positive Choice (OCOC) and OCT AA (On education. have AOD of that-they do not want to be seen as just alternatives to drinking and to offera Based on literature reviews1 and Campus Talking About Alcohol). "party animals." positive rite of passage such as the one expert opinions of high school and The University of Florida has three peer • "When using peer-education described in David Oldfield's The Jour­ college prevention programs, preven­ National Greek Programs­ education groups on campus which it 's important to use Retreats ney.5 Two years ago, Virginia Common­ tion strategies should be: approaches designed forGreeks in a employ Greek students to educate other programs, wealth University conducted a one-time particular fraternity or sorority on Greeks about AOD prevention: one, real peers, peer leaders to whom Retreats are a usefulmechanism to get retreat with the new members of one Comprehensive campuses across the country and in called D.A.R.E. (Drug and Alcohol other students can relate, not students involved in an issue and to fraternity. The retreat's weekend activities Canada, but available to any Greek Resource Educators), was developed at some goody two-shoes." emphasize collaborative problem-solving. • Involve students, staff, and focusedon individual and group chal­ organization. Florida, while the other two are national For the past fouryears there has been an fa culty lenges: a low ropes challenge course, rock programs, GAMMA and OCOC (de­ - Beth Bell, Assistant annual autumn retreat forGreeks at the • Provide multiple exposures to climbing, rapelling, and teamwork (e.g., scribed below). Director of Student Activities, University of Kentucky. Two members prevention in a variety of settings preparing meals together fromscratch, "Advisors don 't want to be Virginia Commonwealth from each of the schools' 42 fraternities from a variety of sources right down to plucking the chickens). responsi ble for students, they University and sororities, usually sophomores, attend. "National and institutional Group discussions occurred after each • Eliminate inconsistent messages want to advise students. I favor Part of the weekend is devoted to AOD activity to identify different leadership putting students in a good policies and directives can be issues. Stafftry to keep retreat costs down styles and preferences. Based on the Intensive position to make their own help/ul in mo bilizing interest in Comprehensive Health by utilizing community experts and faculty supervisors' observations, the biggest • Provide exposure to the message choices. If theydon 't make the and support for changing Approaches who are willing to donate their time and by benefit of the retreat was that the men were over a period of time, rather than behavior in fraternities. But the and universities, all holding the retreat in a state park. The right decisions, ifthey violate a At some colleges able to have a good time and to bond as a one-shot experience cultural frame suggests that AOD preventions are part of a wellness local Interfraternity, Panhellenic, and policy, then they should kno w without the use of alcohol. The fraternity program run by the health services. Black Greek Councils contribute money • Require active participation, there are consequences. But such interventions willnot bring became a more cohesive unit and, later on, Furthermore, many of the education or forthe retreat, and each fraternity or rather than passive attendance make sure students al ways learn about lasting behavioral members placed less emphasis on alcohol prevention programs that national fraterni­ sorority is assessed about $60 per attend­ from their mistakes." change ... [C]ultivating the compared with members of other fraterni­ Relevant ties and sororities have developed for their ing member. One of the resources used in commitment of chapter mem­ ties. chapters also take a comprehensive the AOD portion of the weekend is • Tailor to specific groups -Drew Smith, Greek Advi­ bers, particularly formal and approach, encompassing the fullrange of "Double Vision," a set of workshops

• sor, North Carolina State Focus on immediate negative informal leaders, to change health and psychosocial issues. developed by Lambda Chi Alpha and Networking consequences such as injury, University their culture is the only inter­ Alpha Gamma Delta Fraternities. "Double While networking is not really an ap­ sexually-transmitted diseases, vention that promises to be The Greek Wellness Coalition started in Vision" helps students to examine male/ proach in and of itself, it can and should and acquaintance rape, rather effective. " 1995 at Montana State University. The female relationships and how alcohol plays be used to enhance the three approaches than the long-term health risks of Campus Programs goal of the coalition is to help Greeks a part in those relationships. described above. Networking usually function drinking - James C. Arnold and better as a community and to involves working with others to share Prevention activities on campus may be improve communication among all Greeks Jay McCoy, Assistant Dean of Students at George D. Kuh, Brotherhood resources and information and building Effective organized by Greek advisors forthe Greek on campus. Every fraternity and sorority Kentucky, says that the retreats provide: and the Bottle: A Cultural coalitions among different interest groups system or by the health center, student on campus is represented in the coalition. • Take advantage of the power of Analysis of Alcohol in on campus to facilitate change. • a forum to convey basic information; activities office, or student affairs office Prior to formingthe coalition, a survey peer influence by using peer Fraternities, Center forthe forthe entire student population. An had been conducted to assess education Study of the College Frater­ each • a concentrated time to look at issues Networking takes a great deal of work and examination of the AOD prevention chapter's needs. The survey nity, Indiana University­ results facingall Greeks on campus; time. The suggestions below can help to • Integrate survey research activities of Greek advisors and other demonstrated that Greek students were simplify the effort. (increases relevance) Bloomington, 1992. student affairs staffreve als four general concernedabout issues that were not • an opportunity to voice concerns; focuses: peer education programs; • Co-sponsor an event with another • Work on changing the immediate directly related to AOD use. Although the and out of social environment comprehensive health approaches; retreats; The D.A.R.E. program, which grew coalition's attention will be directed organization on campus. This is a and networking or coalition building. a need for something more than alcohol toward • a chance forGre ek students from good way to tap into campus Provide training to students to issues dealing with alcohol, Bev Although these headings are useful for awareness, has been evolving since 1988. Townsend, different fraternities and sororities to resources and to meet another help themselves (e.g., Greek Coordinator at Montana categorizing prevention efforts, the The D.A.R.E. educators are formally State talk to one another and to get the full organizations' members. assertiveness training, goal University, feels thatthe coalition approaches overlap. trained to give in-depth presentations and needs to Greek perspective. setting) begin with a more global focus to fraterni­ "Networking has to happen on a workshops on AOD prevention related to overall wellness. To get educator, At Virginia Commonwealth University, student level as well, " emphasizes Peer Education Programs ties and sororities. To be an students involved with the coalition 1Berkowitz, A. ''Reducing Alcohol and Beth Bell, the Assistant Director of Jay McCoy of the University of Greek members must go through an Town There is an overwhelming consensus �end publicized the group thr�ugh other Drug Abuse on Campus: Effective es an Student Activities, and her colleagues have Kentucky. Find out if your students application process that includ bulletms and meetings with student Strategies for Prevention Programs," Eta among student and Greek affairs staffand s. She written a proposal to conduct and to know students in other organiza- interview, making a one-year commitment, Sigma Gamma, 22 (1):12-14, 1990. researchers about the importance of

A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors 5 4 Higher Education Center Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

tions; if so, use those connections to Beth Bell began work at Virginia and time involved in furni rials Area Consultants, State Coordina­ • Good, consistent student leadership shing prevention The BACCHUS/GAMMA mate network. Otherwise, a joint gather­ Commonwealth University, she programming: tors, a student advisory committee, is essential; catalog offers a large selection of ing or co-sponsored event is a way made a point of inviting someone to posters, and and a GAMMA Advisory Board • videos, pamphlets, • lunch at least twice a week. She BACCHUS/GAMMA Peer Educa­ GAMMA cannot be made into a for both advisors and students to A guide for Greek available to provide assistance to promotion kits. party monitoring group; and establish relations. contacted people from the Career tion Network; . chapters. advisors, The GAMMA Guide: An Center, the Counseling Center, and • Alcohol • • Have contacts and numbers readily Our Chapter, Our Choice; and Invitation to Enjoyable Considerable planning must go into the Student Health Center. Through ($4.95), offers Strengthening GAMMA on Campus available. Megan Dunson, former Awareness Programs the decision of how GAMMA will those informal lunches, Bell was • On Campus Talking About Alcoho surround­ Graduate Assistant for Greek Life at l. help in addressing issues Schools can work on restructuring be structured. able to build relations with other es program the University of Maryland, advises ing alcohol, describ GAMMA to make it function better. members of the university and was BACCHUS/GAMMA Peer other available "Don't just tell someone to contact alternatives, and lists Our Chapter, Our Choice later asked to serve on a variety of • • Establish a formal structure in which Education Network resources. Also available is the the health center, have the name of committees. It is also easier for her Our Chapter, Our Choice (OCOC) is a BACCHUS/GAMMA Certified Peer each fraternityand sorority sends a the person to contact and let that to refer students to colleagues whom Boost Alcohol Consciousness Concerning national peer education program with the Educator Training Program ($295 representative to every GAMMA contact person know that Greeks she has met. the Health of University Students goal of redefining alcohol and drug norms forchapters, $325 fornon-c hapters). chapter meeting. At the meeting, may be contacting him or her." (BACCHUS) Peer Education Network is a in fraternities and sororities through The comprehensive 13-hour break the group into committees to • Work with others when writing a widely recognized collegiate alcohol student-facilitated workshops. One of the • Remember that networking is a give program includes a 180-minute plan different activities. grant. For inexperienced grant awareness and health education initiative operating assumptions behind OCOC is and take situation. If you know that videotape, one facilitator's manual, writers, this is absolutely necessary. funded by sales of its educational materi­ • Make GAMMA more program­ that because chapter members develop another organization is initiating a and 12 student workbooks. For those without a strong research als, corporate sponsors, and government oriented rather than meeting­ their own new alcohol and drug norms, large program or event, offer background, an experienced faculty grants. Greeks Advocating Mature • The BACCHUS/GAMMA Peer oriented. Have six officers of they become vested in supporting the assistance. If you want to initiate a member can not only provide Management of Alcohol, or GAMMA, the Education Network sends members a GAMMA firstpla n a program, norms that they have helped to create. The program or event, ask for assistance valuable comments on the grant but Greek arm of this network, was started in monthly newsletter, called The publicize the program to Greeks on OCOC program was developed under from other organizations. can also lend credibility to the grant 1987 as a way to involve fraternity and BACCHUS Beat. campus, and then get the participa­ FIPSE (Fund forthe Improvement of Post­ application or proposal. sorority members in alcohol tion of three representatives from • Keep the lines of communication education on secondary Education) fundingby Jeff campus. Nationwide, each sorority or fraternity who are active, do not be afraidto make the approximately 140 Linkenbach and Montana State University. • Show the administration what has "We send some ofour GAMMA first step, and share what you are colleges have active GAMMA chapters interested in the program. Its materials and training are provided been done in terms of AOD pro­ with a total of over 5,000 members. students to the regional and through the National Interfraternity doing with others on campus. gramming and what lies ahead. The • Have each fraternity and sorority national conferences and they Conference (NIC). The Our Chapter, Our presentation will demonstrate select or elect (individual chapters Strengths of the BACCHUS/GAMMA are impressed when theysee the Choice Complete Facilitator's Kit is $75 commitment and preparation to work can decide on the process) one or "Most Greek advisors don 't take Network breadth of the organization.... forNIC's INTERCHANGE6 members, on AOD prevention. two members to attend bi-monthly GAMMA network $120 for nonmembers. The kit includes a advantage of the resources that Joining the BACCHUS/ I/theysee that it 's working GAMMA meetings. Have one of • only three conditions: video, eight program overview manuals, are availa ble to them. Theytry Set up appointments with health is free and involves somewhere else, they are more the chapter representatives serve as who will serve as eight workshop manuals, eight buttons, to do things themselves." center staffand drug educators on there must be an advisor apt to tryit. " the main liaison between GAMMA the national network and one set of posters. campus. Alcohol and other drug the liaison between and his or her Greek chapter, making prevention is much too difficultto and the GAMMA chapter on campus; the - Megan Dun - Ron Binder, Assistant Dean son, former that person responsible forattending Volunteer trainers, trained by NIC, are do alone; advisors can benefit from potential GAMMA chapter must be a Graduate Assistant of Students, University of forGreek every GAMMA meeting for one available to train fraternity and sorority someone with AOD prevention recognized subcommittee of the Greek Life, University of Maryland North Carolina at Chapel Hill year and bringing information back undergraduates to be student facilitators. background and knowledge. In governing bodies or an independent, to his brothers or her sisters. Having (Trainer time is free, but campuses are nized organization on campus; and addition, drug educators know about recog • • Give people plenty of time, when Periodically, BACCHUS/GAMMA at least one representative who required to reimburse trainers fortravel campus alcohol and other drug use the GAMMA chapter must agree to renew informingthem of what you are groups receive free materials for the attends all GAMMA meetings may and on-site expenses.) Training for behaviors and can warn the advisor its charter each year. doing McCoy finds it useful to network's national campaigns, such create a greater sense of continuity, student facilitators lasts six to eight hours. . . about many things. share his calendar. Over the summer Many Greek affairs staffinvolved with as the National Collegiate Alcohol follow-up, and responsibility. To start OCOC on campus, there must be a , Awareness Week Campaign he drops the Greek calendar offwith • GAMMA cite its reputation, resources and the minimum of three student facilitators Keep the lines of communication • Address the concernsmany indi­ the office of residential life and asks as reasons forjoi ning. For SafeSpring Break Campaign. interested at the school. Ideally, there open between national chapter and support viduals have about BACCHUS/

ifthe staffwould like to include example: • would be one facilitator for every two officers, the alumni Greek council, The annual BACCHUS/GAMMA GAMMA's partial sponsorship by anything on the calendar before it and the university to avoid duplica­ General fraternities or sororities on campus, with • The start-up kit contains informative Assembly, Regional Spring the alcoholic beverage industry goes into finalproduction. If tion of efforts. an equal number of male and fe male and discussion Conferences, and Regional Greek (Anheuser-Busch is one of its residential lifeproduc es a calendar, pamphlets, posters, facilitators. The OCOC manual recom­ A Chap­ Leadership Conferences all offer corporate sponsors). then the Greeks put upcoming events guides. 50 Things GAMM mends that a variety of individuals on students an National Programs ters Can Do lists 50 activities opportunity to get on their calendar as well. together Observers agree that there are three key campus understand and support OCOC for campus chapters have used in their to learn and share ideas and Three national AOD prevention resources concerns. points for succeeding with GAMMA: it to have maximum impact, including both • Seek out relationships with others AOD prevention efforts. In addition, there are 12 can help Greek advisors reduce the costs men's and women's organizations, Greek on campus. For example, when

6 Higher Education Center A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors 7 Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other D rug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

advisors, chapter alumni advisors, alcohol which is what the University of David Anderson, will walk away be important in establishing their drinking AOD issues. What follows are descrip­ an Associate ()CTAAis that students and drug prevention and education staff, Florida has done. Professor Re&ealda patterns later in life. tions of three approaches that five national at the Center for and believing that alcohol­ the Advance­ lllMllel'!llWlding and faculty advisors. me�t of Pu�lic Students can fraternities have implemented to address _ Health at George Mason happen to anyone. Umvers1ty, is conducting in this program to Strengths of On Campus Talking AOD prevention in their chapters: In addition to an evaluation, the OCOC an evaluati J hat they le�rn "Our Chapter, Our Choice ;a: About Alcohol (OCTAA) ?COC. Having collected nsk for all alcohol­ workshop covers five topics: external/ _ baseline � ftduce their own • On Campus Talking About Alcohol doesn 't give another lecture, it is n�w m the process problems internal limits; examining current norms; of collecting post.. health and impairment Two independent studies with control looks at the chapter individually test mform _ -.elated (TAA), the previously described ation. The infonnation life. "The qu�ntity and groups, one at Eastern Kentucky Univer­ proactive versus reactive leadership; is beina 111roUghout _ national OCT AA peer education and over a period of time. The collected from 21 control dnnkin� and the "Back to Our Roots " (covers chapter campuses and 2 tequency of students' _ sity and one using dental students at the exper . program customized for Delta Tau chapter gets to decide which imental campuses of they have while dnnkmg �ut University of Kentucky and the University standards, ideals, and principles); and different siaa experiences Delta, Kappa Alpha Theta, and pro blems it should work on, and a�d �eographic locations. The higher risks than they thmk of Louisville, have demonstrated de­ strengthening current chapter norms. The analys' them at much Alpha Chi Omega fraternities; will mvolve �o types of comparis ments Candice Baumgarten, creased alcohol consumption among workshop typically lasts one and a half that 's important. It 's just what ons: (I) they do," com Greek organizations. . that were Alcohol Program C?ordma­ • hours. the name says it is. " involved Talking About students who have taken the OCT AA Balanced Man Project, a compre­ with OCOC versus groups Fraternity. on the same tor for Kappa Alpha Theta course.7 At Northern Arizona University, hensive membership development campus that were not involved intended to help students Strengths of Our Chapter, Our -Bev Townsend, Greek with OC This program is where OCTAA is part of orientation for program for Sigma Phi Epsilon (2) campuses where some Greek that the drinking patterns they Choice Coordinator, Montana State organia. to recognize first-year students, staff have received Fraternity; and tions were involved with OCOC even earlier, may University versus establish in college, or positive verbal feedback from students, Jeff Cufaude of the National Interfraternity campuses • that had no involvement with and evaluation forms suggest that the Substance-Free Fraternities, Sigma Conference suggests that OCOC is popular OCOC . One research hypothesis is that, program is effective in getting students to Nu's initiative to change the Greek because it: individual groups become involved with question inappropriate norms surrounding environment. Five Greek organizations implemented igths of the Three OCOC, the whole campus will become • is theory based; AOD use. OCOC last spring at Florida State Univer­ imbued with healthier attitudes about AOD National Programs Talking About Alcohol sity. The Coordinator of Greek Life, Tom • use. The evaluation will also look at Beth Bell, at Virginia Commonwealth rings true with advisors' and For eleven years, Delta Tau Delta Frater­ Jelke, likes OCOC because it: where OCOC chapters made a University, uses OCT AA to focus on students' personal experiences; difference nity has been using a customized version on campus and why. personal alcohol decisions for a lifetime. • • involves students talking to students; of OCT AA called Delts Talking About is very user friendly; Bell likes the fact that OCTAA addresses Alcohol (TAA). In 1989, Delta Tau Delta • is tailored to each group; On Campus Talking About the nature of alcohol consumption, • employs trained facilitators; and received a FIPSE grant to train chapter Alcohol I and local support, and examines alcohol consumption as a • leaders and alumni to present T AA In • complements existing programs on helps students create their own other materials behavior, and takes an individual ap­ On Campus Talking About Alcohol 1990, the fraternity invited two women's campus. For example, if there is a goals; and proach. Staff at the university looked at (OCTAA) was developed in the early fraternities, Kappa Alpha Theta and Alpha GAMMA chapter on campus, other programs and found OCT AA to be • complements the programming of 1980s by the Prevention Research Institute Chi Omega, to join with them to create GAMMA members can do OCOC as more research based and applicable to his school's GAMMA chapter. (PRI) in Lexington, Kentucky. The 'Talking About Alcohol ... The Greek one of their program activities, individual decision making. Because program has been implemented on ur Choice Consortium." Talking About Alcohol is OCT AA looks at a lifetime of drinking, campuses in 33 states and has been now a significant part of the three fraterni­ they also felt that it was a good program customized for three national fraternities. ties' AOD programming. for students of all ages and classes. The The Three National Programs Complement The OCTAA program lasts between seven OCT AA program was offered to all The consortium program is similar to On Each Other and Other Programs on Campus and nine hours. The program is most students four times during the past Campus Talking About Alcohol. Preven­ academic year in two four-hour sessions. effective if presented in a one- or two-day each chapter 's needs and tion Research Institute worked with • "Using a variety of programs provides a comprehensive approach, and the more a period of weeks. on the chapter as a It was publicized through the health center, programs you use, the better your chances are of reaching a particular chapter period instead of over whole fraternity members and staff to provide process to tion resident advisors, Greek social chairs and or individual. "Megan Dunson, formerly of the University of Maryland OCTAA uses a persuasion fraternity-specific examples and analogies gently challenge common views of risk management officers, and in freshman in the presentation. The consortium's • "A variety of programs are beneficial because they all provide different levels of alcoholism with research. Based on the seminar classes. program is six hours long instead of eight, model of information to their students. "Elizabeth Broughton, University of Florida Lifestyle Risk-Reduction . and the institute omitted some of the prevention, OCTAA provides Low- �sk National Greek Programs material dealing with alcoholism that is • "The OCOC program is good because it is Greek based and empowers students Guidelines to reduce risk for alcohohsm, included in OCTAA. as a community, but I also like Talking About Alcohol because it takes an ce our Alcohol similar to how we have come to redu All of the national fraternities and sorori­ individual approach and looks at a lifetime of drinking behaviors. " Beth Bell, When The Greek Consortium was first risk for heart disease. OCT AA also ties provide risk management policies that Virginia Commonwealth University. to have a lifetime formed, trained students presented TAA to examines the different phases of drinkin& effect regulate chapter behavior related to members. Losing qualified trainersto from low-risk to high-risk, and helps alcohol and other drugs. In addition, the • At Iowa State University, OCOC is included with the many other peer education this graduation, requiring each trainer to learn students identify where they are in national headquarters of nearly every programs because staff want to present all the programs as options and let _ _ on their own � fraternity and sorority provides some kind a large amount of information, and being chapters decide which ones they want to use. progression based limited only to campuses where the three behaviors and outcomes. One expectab of educational packet, video, or program for its collegiate chapters dealing with fraternities had chapters prompted the

8 Higher Education Center A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors 9 Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

to find a new format of Kappa Alpha Theta, that they do not feel they can enforce a consortium and Alpha Chi ( 6) the Alumnus Mentor: iscon�ept�on ab�ut the students to attend the programs. The to foster and A common m delivery for the program. Currently, Omega that have participated in the promote 1t demol- substance-free policy. Littlefield plans to following section identifies common undergraduate 1n1 n Pro1ect" 1s that develop­ Ba1,a nced ua • Kappa Alpha Theta and Alpha Chi Omega Talking About Alcohol program with ment. a chapter. In actuality, help give them confidence in their role by barriers to prevention programming­ ish the unity of use full-time staff members and alumnae seven similar control chapters on five rather than providing support through a parents whether programs originate at the campus emphasizes chapter unity, Members set their B�; volunteers to co-teach T AA, and Delta different campuses. The researchers own goals and action unity. The challenges association, an alumni association, and a level or national level-and ways to floc ing on pledge Tau Delta uses paid undergraduate interns submitted a final report to the National plans. The program is made up of � group of five full-time staff from the four . p ensure that all members will work overcome those barriers. who work full-time forone semester. Institute on Drug Abuse in October 1995. components: mentoring, service le contribute national organization. Associations will arning ' er and that everyone will experiential learning, :geth Barrier: Getting quality student Consistent presentation of the program, a and brotherhood. just the new members. have regular meetings, and the presidents to the chapter, not result of the new format, was also impor­ of each association will be in constant leaders involved in AOD issues is Balanced Man Project8 • A mentor serves as a positive role resea tant to the evaluation that is currently David Anderson, associate rch communication with each other. Eventu­ difficult. The Balanced Man Project (BMP), first model, is a source of support and ­ underway (see below). ssor at the Center for the Ad_vance ally, Littlefield hopes to guidance, profe obtain university implemented in 1992, is a comprehensive and oversees the develop­ ctmg an ment of Public Health, 1s condu involvement. Overcoming the Barrier: When a chapter is interested in T AA, a membership development program ment of the brothers whom he Proj ect. evaluation of the Balanced Man designed by a committee of alumni mentors by teaching, counseling, • Search out students who have an member contacts the Kappa Alpha Theta's and just completed baseline data supporting He has volunteers and undergraduates of Sigma them in their endeavors. tion interest in health education, public International Headquarters to schedule the collection on 25 chapters. The evalua "The purpose of this [s ub­ Phi Epsilon Fraternity. The program is health, nursing, and related fields. weekend presentation. The staff coordina­ • fortwo years Service learning involves direct will track the chapters stance-free ] initiative is about tor and an alumna volunteer co-teach the funded through FIPSE and the endow­ 1996) as part of the Nothing beats genuine interest. contact and personal effort in (spring 1994 to fall protecting proper ty,protecting weekend presentation. An attendance rate ments of the Sigma Phi Epsilon Educa­ FIPSE grant. • meeting the needs of the community. people, and addressing why we Do not rely on chapter presidents. of 75 percent or higher is expected before tional Foundation. The main objectives of are in the ffr aterni ty] business They already have a lot to do. the BMP are to: • a presentation will take place. An experiential learning activity is a e-Free Fraternities Substanc in the fir st place. We must deal planned challenge that requires • Get directly involved in the recruit­ Follow-up teams in each Kappa Alpha • eliminate high-risk behaviors, such Numerous Greek chapters all over the directly with the thing that chapter participation, problem­ ment process by drawing student's Theta chapter provide continuing educa­ as alcohol abuse and other drug use; countryhave become substance free (no solving, and cooperation. causes so much grief on college attention to the program and by tion. Two to four chapter members plan and alcohol or other drugs on the premises) campuses -alcohol." talking about the program at Greek events periodically throughout the year • Brotherhood is addressed by (e.g., Sigma Chi at the University of • help chapters become healthy Council meetings. that are designed to use and review what providing many opportunities, both Maine, Alpha Tau Omega at Indiana organizations by promoting aca­ -Mo Littlefield, Executive the program teaches. Kappa Alpha Theta traditional and innovative, for the University, and Lambda Chi Alpha at • demic, social, and interpersonal Director, Sigma Nu Do not rely solely on Greek Coun­ gives the chapter guidelines and sugges­ members of the fraternityto enjoy Northeastern State in Oklahoma, Louisiana skills among members. cils to appoint representatives. tions and requires at least two activities a their college years. Tech, and Valparaiso University). The national headquarters • semester. The follow-up teams are The program is intended to affect a of Sigma Nu Give students with leadership About 110 trained volunteers (stewards) To allay any fears members may have encouraged to be creative and to plan Fraternity will soon begin converting all of potential a chance. Not all of the fraternity member's entire life, not just the about recruiting new members, Littlefield present the program to chapters that have its 215 campus chapters into activities using TAA information. Activi­ four years he is in college and not just one substance­ good leaders will necessarily have shown an interest in getting more informa­ reminds them that he is not interested in ties may include talking about the program free chapters because of the deteriorating established leadership experience. particular behavior. Members of a the usual crowd. Sigma Nu members will tion about BMP. A chapter must adopt physical condition of their homes, lack at a chapter retreat; planning an activity Balanced Man chapter follow the program of Ensure that they get quality leader­ the program voluntarily. After a chapter concentration have to put together a new rush program, that is not focused on alcohol, or that is on scholarship, increased ship training. at their own pace, moving through six and many chapter activities will have to has seen a BMP presentation, members number of injuries, and high numbers focused on low-risk choices; or informing different challenges, each challenge of At least 80 percent must favor behavioral change. To attract new students, Sigma • Let current student leaders know that the chapter about intervention resources. vote. problems. Alcohol abuse is the building on the preceding challenge. The Nu chapters will have to demonstrate that joining before they can apply to become a common thread among these conditions. they have to be looking fo r the next six challenges include: they are capable of fulfilling new mem­ During the 1994-95 academic year, Kappa Balanced Man chapter. A chapter that Sigma Nu leaders felt they needed to bring group of student leaders. Alpha Theta presented TAA to 1,233 adopts the program spends about $300 on these issues to the attention bers' goals. Based on research, experi­ (1) the Sigma Challenge: to adjust and of students and • $20 each for ence, and large numbers of students who Get referrals fr om students, fa culty, students at 23 campuses. Student evalua­ assimilate into the chapter and resources, and members pay alumni, and to attack the "Animal House " choose not to join a fraternity or sorority, and staff, and find out whom they tions are positive and often comment on campus community; resource materials. The program is image. consider to be natural leaders. the unique perspective from which the operational in 77 of Sigma Phi Epsilon's Littlefield is confident that there are many Sig (2) the Phi Challenge: to understand ma Nu's assumption is that, within students looking for a different experience. program is given-alcoholism as a 270 chapters. a • fe:-V If there are many peer education the benefits of fraternalism; years, the vast majority of chapters lifestyle-related health problem. Students groups on campus, arrange for them In the past, stewards provided only wdl voluntarily buy into like the program and learn from it because the initiative once Common Barriers to Balanced they all to do their recruiting on the same (3) the Epsilon Challenge: to explore program information to a new see how the other chapters success­ it is research based, not "abstinence-only, " work day. the issues a servant leader faces; Man chapter, but now a steward will fullyenforce the policy and Alcohol and Other Drug and because it does not preach. the good longer period of results they with one chapter fora get in terms of improved • 4) . Prevention Programming Provide leadership courses or ( the Brother Mentor Challenge: to ject implementation grad s, so With funding from the National Institute time to ensure that pro � cial activities programming, and workshops on leadership issues, and develop and utilize the skills of a This change will recruitment. for Greeks on Campus on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Richard Clayton is progressing smoothly. infuse them with AOD issues. servant leader; ort. For and Nancy Grant Harrington at the provide chapters with more supp The issue right now The success or failure of any AOD support, Balanced Man is not that chapters do oft en lose University of Kentucky are comparing (5) the Sigma Phi Epsilon Fellow: to additional not Barrier: Student leaders e ch other want to try going substance prevention initiative depends on finding chapters can communicate with � free but interest. treatment chapters of Delta Tau Delta, cultivate a lifelong commitment to good leaders and then, of course, getting Internet connection. service; and easily through an

10 Higher Education Center A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors 11 Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

a program is interesting, people will Overcoming the Barrier: same message from different sources Greeks are interested pleted, it says nothing about the effective­ recommend it. is beneficial. Barrier: Many • "When students are empo wered Make it fu n to be part of the their ness of these programs. The next step for in becoming involved with • • to faci itatel change, it is em­ program, otherwise students will be The University of Maryland offers Find out exactly what students have y with the Greek advisors with prevention programs chapter but not necessaril academic credit for its leadership braced much more openlythan solidly in place is to conduct formal lost. At the University of Florida, already been exposed to--find out p whole Greek system on cam us. the D.A.R.E. peer-education group course; Texas A&M University, the what they really know. when theyfeel it is forced upon evaluations of those programs. With time goes on canoeing trips together, and University of Northern Colorado, g the Barrier: them by adminis trators and their and money in such short supply, no one • Overcomin and the University of Maine offer Involve students in the program should be wasting either on ineffective the thirty to thirty-five GAMMA 'n ationa l ' " planning members on campus go on at least credit to their peer educators. to help ensure that the Emphasize the advantages of prevention programs. program will address any concerns together. By working one retreat per year. working - Cathy Earley, "Substance At Iowa State University, the students may still have aftera couple the Greek community can together, Abuse Issues Facing the Greek • If the program does not provide Substance Abuse Prevention of educational programs. initiate changes that individual often Advisor, " Advising Fraterni­ Benefits of Program offers a monetary incen­ opportunities for fun, then there has chapters could not do on their own. ties and Sororities, Associa­ Involving Students tive, $200, to be put toward a Barrier: "The Greek system fe els to be some other reward. The For example, Greeks at Florida were separate fr om the university. tion of FraternityAdvisors. • Students, especially chapter reward may be that the AOD substance-free activity, to any group Many to purchase beepers in bulk and able leaders, have a much greater program is associated with the that completes all three parts of Greeks have the fe eling that everyone arrangementswith a taxi make influence than authority figures do student's major, that the student Leaders Envisioning Alternative is out to get them and therefo re they company to get rides back to chapter The most common barriers for these types over other students ' behaviors and gains some sort of personal satisfac­ Directions (L.E.A.D.). The incen­ do not take advantage of the resources houses at reduced rates as part of the of programs are attracting and maintaining attitudes. tion, or that the student has the tive is made possible by the Incen­ of the university as a whole, " says school's safe ride program. good student leaders and getting other tives Grant Program funded by students to participate in the program once opportunity to meet new people. Megan Dunson, fo rmerly of the • Students oft en hold back from the FIPSE. • Retreats and coalitions are good implementation begins. The single most • Un iversity of Ma ryland. professionals because they are Involve students in the planning as ways for Greeks to get involved with important ingredient of successful imple­ • oft en scared of what may happen if early as possible. "People support Each year, the Interfraternity and the whole Greek system on campus. Overcoming the Barrier: mentation appears to be involving the the administration finds out about what they help to create, and if we Panhellenic Councils at Florida students as much as possible in the entire certain problems or incidents. present the "Brothers Caring About • Barrier: Some alumni may expect come to students with something all Spend some time on public relations programming process-from the planning Brothers A ward " and the "Sisters Greeks to drink heavily the way the set up, it probably will not be what work and talking to others (e.g., non­ stages to the follow-up and evaluation. • Getting students involved in a they are looking for." (Jay McCoy, Caring About Sisters Award." Greeks on campus) to let them know alumni did when they were in school. particular program may lead to University of Kentucky) Fraternities and sororities on campus what is happening in the Greek The rationale behind current AOD more involvement fr om the whole Overcoming the Barrier: accumulate points fo r their chapters community. When Ron Binder was prevention effortswith Greeks is that Greek system. • Talk and work with students according to the AOD programming new to the University of North previous effortshave involved too much • Spend time talking to key alumni to directly. "It is a matter of liking • they have done throughout the year Carolina, he approached the Public negativity. Now it is time to focus on the When students are involved in what you do and letting the students gain their support. under GAMMA. Information Branch on campus positive side of Greek life, to highlight the planning AOD prevention pro­ know that you like it .. . . In about getting some good publicity • Place articles in alumni publications evidence that many Greek students are not gramming, they are doing more addition to encouraging students to • At Nova Southeastern University, for his groups. They were very that will educate alumni about the abusing alcohol, and to recognize the gains than attending a one-hour session; call anytime, some kind of structure mandatory attendance is enforced at willing to help and have since consequences of binge drinking and Greeks have made in AOD prevention. as a result, the education and the should be set up for regular commu­ a five-session, non-credit Greek 101 flooded the newspapers with good about the changing attitudes and message of the program are going nication." (Edward Dadez, Bucknell program started for all new fraternity Due to the lack of formal evaluations that press for the Greeks. beliefs of students concerning beyond the session. University) and sorority members. For every have been conducted, it is much easier to alcohol and other drug use. • person who does not attend, a $10 • At Bucknell, the Greek students do describe what has been done and looks Peer educators have to be role Barrier: Other students (e .g., • fee is charged. their own public relations work. Enlist the help of sympathetic local promising than it is to draw conclusions models all of the time, not just nonleaders) are oft en uninterested in About four years ago, students alumni in an effortto enlighten their about what works. Most campuses take when they are teaching a session. Barrier: Students fe el they are the program. started publishing a newsletter called less supportive fellow alumni. stock of their AOD prevention efforts They influence other students with getting the same information over and The Greek Vine twice a semester. informally; sources of feedback include whom they spend time, exerting Overcoming the Barrier: over again. They also publish a newspaper Conclusion reported number of alcohol-related that influence on a day-to-day Branch. incidents on campus and students' basis. • called The Olive Target promotion efforts towards Overcoming the Barrier: Greek advisors have limited time and comments on evaluation forms after a groups that use alcohol at their • ' (non­ • Spend time listening to others resources. particular speaker or program. Other Jay McCoy, at Kentucky, says it is • Make sure the information is This severely restricts their social and recreational events. Greek student organizations, faculty, helpfu l to bounce his ideas off of ability to develop innovative AOD methods do not look at outcomes at all, Know which groups to target by presented fr om a different angle and and staff) perspectives, issues, prevention such as reports from social chairs about the students with whom he comes (e.g., the way the national programs activities. Instead, advisors are networking with other students and concerns. Greeks can better in contact. He gets some of his working with peer education models, often the number of non-alcoholic programs administrators, looking at survey described complement each other). fitinto the understand how they models that have their chapter sponsored and the number of best fe edback through informal Because AOD prevention is com­ been developed on results, keeping an ear open, and bigger, institutional picture if they ca conversations, chatting befo re mpus, and adapting national programs to students who attended. While the latter reading the daily newspapers. Take plex and requires a multifaceted and effort to reach and in make the time c mplement existing method may be useful for ensuring that the Greek Council meetings, response, repeated exposure to the � campus programs, advantage of word of mouth. When out. tailo one-on-one interactions. ring them to their own student requisite number of programs is com- populations.

12 Higher Education Center A Bulletin for Fraternity and Sorority Advisors 13 Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

and sororities and their contributions to lifestyles, and prevent student alcohol and dial-up [telephone (301) 770-0850, user­ goals are to help each participant reduce Scott Chitoff Resources risk forany type of alcohol problem and to Assistant Director of Student Life host institutions. other drug abuse. ID: new]. This fileand others can be located by conducting a keyword search focus on self-assessment, helping partici­ Nova SoutheasternUniversity Organizations Fraternity Insurance Purchasing Group The Center offers five types of services: 1) on The Higher Education Center for pants to understand and to accept the need 3301 College Avenue

Association of Fraternity Advisors, Inc. Terrence Harper information services, 2) technical assis­ Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention to make changes that may help themselves. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 (AFA) President and Executive Director of Phi tance, 3) training, 4) national meetings, publications in the online library. TIPS Enterprise of Washington Edward Dadez, Ph.D. Gayle Webb, Executive Director Kappa Psi Fraternity and 5) publications. For more infotmation, contact the U.S. Health Communications, Inc. Associate Dean of Students Jay McCoy, Chairman: Substance Abuse 510 Lockerbie Street These services are available to all institu­ Department of Education, Drug Prevention 600 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Suite 100 Bucknell University Issues Committee Indianapolis, IN 46202-3694 tions of higher education free of charge. Program, FIPSE, ROB 3, 7th and D Washington, DC 2003 7 211 Langone Center 3901 West 86th Street, Suite 390 (3 17) 632-1852 For additional information, contact The Streets, S.W., Washington, DC 20202- (202) 333-1292 Lewisburg, PA 17837 Indianapolis, IN 46268-1 799 FIPG brings together over forty men's and Higher Education Center forAlcohol and 5175. (3 17) 876-469 1 Training forpeople who serve alcohol, Megan Dunson women's national fraternities and sorori­ Other Drug Prevention. The Center's (3 17) 872-1134 (fax, same as NIC) which includes recognizing intoxication, former Graduate Assistant forGre ek Life ties to form a risk management consortium address is: Programs checking IDs, and learning acceptable at the University of Maryland The AFA established a Substance Abuse to develop risk management guidelines Address: William Delong Balanced Man Proj ect standards forserving alcohol. Graduate Assistant forGreek Affairs Issues Committee to focus on issues of and policies (e.g., BYOB and closed Center Director Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity Student Organizations and Activities prevention and education, and offers a events) to which all members agree to 55 Chapel Street Daniel J. Czaja, Jr., Director Individuals Who Contributed 221 Tangeman University Center pamphlet called A Compilation of Greek­ adhere. Newton, MA 02 158-1060 Michael Wolbert, Consultant University of Cincinnati Related Video & Program Resources, a Information For Use in This National Interfraternity Conference E-mail [email protected] 310 South Boulevard P.O. Box 210136 manual called Advising Fraternities and Report (NIC) Gophersite: gopher.hec.org 7006 P.O. Box 1901 Cincinnati, OH 45221-0136 Sororities, and a newsletter called Per­ JeffCufaude, Executive Director Phone: Toll Free (800) 676-1730 or Richmond, VA 23215-1901 David Anderson, Ph.D. spectives. Cathy Earley, Director of Student Services (800) 225-4276 in Maryland (804) 353-1901 Associate Research Professor Lanita Hanson (804) 359-8160 (fax) Center forthe Advancement of Public Coordinator of Greek Affairs BACCHUS/GAMMA Peer Education 3901 W. 86th Street, Suite 390 Fax: (617) 979-5979 Health Texas A & M University Network Indianapolis, IN 46268-1791 Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention: A Program to eliminate high-risk behavior 125 Koldus Building Drew Hunter, Executive Director (3 17) 872-1112 George Mason University Bulletin fo r Fraternity and Sorority (e.g., alcohol and other drug abuse), to College Station, TX 77843-1236 P.O. Box 100430 (3 17) 872-1134 (fax) Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 Advisors is published by The Higher assist participating chapters in becoming Denver, CO 80250-0430 [email protected] Education Center forAlcohol and Other healthy organizations, and to promote Candice Baumgarten Julie Hays (303) 871 -3068 Greek Affairs Coordinator The NIC provides many resources and Drug Prevention, fundedby the U.S. healthy academic, social, and interpersonal Program Coordinator forTalking About skills among its members, using stages of Iowa State University BACCHUS/GAMMA conducts the most services to member fraternities and college Department of Education. Alcohol development called challenges to meet the 64 Memorial Union comprehensive set of national and regional campuses on a range of topics including Kappa Alpha Theta Fraternity The Center has developed several other differing needs of members as they Ames, IA 50010 peer education training conferences recruitment, peer education, risk manage­ 8740 Founders Road publications that address alcohol- and progress through their college years. Indianapolis, IN 46268 available in higher education today. ment, Adopt-A-School, public relations, other drug-related problems on campus. Helen Jans BACCHUS/GAMMA also has many leadership development, chapter develop­ Assistant Coordinator for the Center on Please contact the Center to learn what Double Vision Beth Bell pamphlets, discussion guides, posters, ment, gender issues, and values and ethics. Drug Prevention and Education publications are available to address your Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity Assistant Director of Student Activities videos, and promotion kits. Three Three NIC programs referredto in this Texas A & M University specific areas of interest or concern. (3 17) 872-8000 Virginia Commonwealth University bulletin: Our Chapter, Our Choice; particularly relevant items forAOD Alpha Gamma Delta Fraternity 907 Floyd Avenue, Box 842035 125 Koldus Building Challenges and Choices; and the Under­ prevention are 50 Things GAMMA The Center's newsletter, Catalyst, is a (3 17) 872-2655 Richmond, VA 23284-2035 College Station, TX 77843-1236 Chapters Can Do (part of start-up kit); graduate Jnterfraternity Institute. Other good way to keep up to date on important The Gamma Guide: An Invitation to NIC materials not mentioned in this developments in alcohol and other drug Program consisting of a variety of work­ Ron Binder Tom Jelke Coordinator of Greek life Enjoyable Alcohol Awareness Programs bulletin include Theme Party Kits­ prevention in higher education, including shops dealing with different social issues Assistant Dean of Students Florida State University ($4.95); and Certified Peer Educators creative substance-freeparty ideas. new publications fromthe Center. Please related to alcohol use and abuse. 01 Steele Building CB 5100 A301 Oglesby Union Training Program ($295 forchapters, contact the Center for a free subscription. University of North Carolina On Campus Talking About Alcohol $325 for non-chapters). The Higher Education Center Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Tallahassee, FL 32306-4003 (OCTAA) for Alcohol and Other Drug An electronic version of these publications Center for the Study of the College can be downloaded from the electronic Prevention Research Institute, Inc. Elizabeth Broughton Mo Littlefield Prevention Executive Director Fraternity (CSCF) bulletin board system forthe Center for Tom Frostman, Director of Field Services Assistant Dean for Student Services & Sigma Nu Fraternity Indiana University The Higher Education Center forAlcohol Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), 841 Corporate Drive, Suite 300 Director for Campus Alcohol & Drug P.O. Box 1869 Franklin Hall 206 and Other Drug Prevention is a national PREV!ine (PREVention online), which is Lexington, KY 40503 Resource Center Lexington, VA 24450 Bloomington, IN 47405 resource center established by the U.S. operated by the National Clearinghouse (606) 223-3392 P202 Peabody Hall (812) 855-1 228 Department of Education. The Center's for Alcohol and Drug Information. University of Florida A risk-reduction program designed to goal is to assist colleges and universities as PREVline can be accessed via the Internet Gainesville, FL 32611 The CSCF encourages research and prevent alcohol problems. OCTAA's two they work to change campus cultures, (path: telnetncadi.health.org; then press the disseminates information about fraternities foster environments that promote healthy "enter" key; user-ID: new) or by direct A Bulletin forFraternity and Sorority Advisors 15 14 Higher Education Center Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

Frank Shushok 2. Data generated from Presley, C.A., 6. INTERCHANGE is the NJC's campus Coordinator of Greek Life Meilman, P.W., and Lyerla, R. Core membership program which provides Northern Arizona University Alcohol and Drug Survey. Carbondale, resources and services at a reduced rate Box 6100 Illinois: University of Southern Illinois, to Greek advisors and local Interfrater­ 1989-1991, cited in Rethinking Rites of nity Councils. Flagstaff, AR 8601 1-6100 Passage: Substance Abuse on America 's Campuses. A Report by the Commis­ 7. Sammons, P., Smith, T., Cooper, T., and Drew Smith Furnish, G. Jo urnal of Dental Educa­ Greek Advisor sion on Substance Abuse at Colleges and Universities. New York: Center on tion, 55( 1 ), 1991. Box 73 14, Harris Hal I Addiction and Substance Abuse at 8. There is a Balanced Women Proj ect North Carolina State University Columbia University, 1994. Raleigh, NC 27695-73 14 developed by Kappa Alpha Theta 3. EDGAR stands for Education Depart­ Fraternity, but it is more of an educa­ Bev Townsend ment General Administrative Regula­ tional program with information and Greek Coordinator tions. suggestions on presenting a variety of Greek Wellness Coalition topics to new members. The Balanced 4 . Grow, L. introduction to Promising Man Project is more comprehensive in Montana State University Approaches, Fund for the Improvement that it addresses the whole fraternity 120 Strand Union Building of Postsecondary Education Training experience from beginning to end. Bozeman, MT 59717 Manual, pp. 199-200, 1994 .

Notes 5. Oldfield, D. Th e Jo urney: A Creative Approach to the Necessary Crises of Adolescence. David Oldfield and the 1. Unpublished data from the Harvard Foundation for Contemporary Mental School of Public Health, Boston, Health, 1987. Massachusetts, 1993.

BULKRATE U.S.POSTAGE PAID PERMIT# 20 HOLLISTON, MA 01746

Education Development Center, Inc. 55 Chapel Street Newton, MA 02158 CONTENTS

The American Fraternity-A Brief Overview ...... Betty Mullins Jones

The Role of the Fraternity/Sorority Administrator ...... 4 Te rry Appolonia

Organizing and Operating the Greek Advisor'sOf fice ...... 12 Larry Lunsford

Advising the lnterfraternity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and Greek Councils ...... 16 Barb Robel

Resources ...... 20 Barbie To otle

The Role of Fraternity Headquarters ...... 26 Jonathan J. Brant

The Relationship of the Greek Advisor with Fraternity National/International Headquarters ...... 29 Larry Lunsford

The Role of Sorority Headquarters ...... 33 Sally Nitschke

The National Panhellenic Conference ...... 36 Kim Braun Padulo

The National Pan-Hellenic Council ...... 46 Daisy M. Wood

Liability and Legal Affairs ...... 50 Da vid L. We stol

Crisis Intervention ...... 53 Gayle Beyers

Hazing ...... 58 Sonia lmMasche

Programming ...... 68 Julie Busch

Advising Commuter Greeks ...... 73 King Buttermore

New Member Education ...... 77 Craig Peterson

Public Relations, Publicity, and Publications ...... 83 Gayle Beyers

Finances and Budgeting ...... 90 Sonia lmMasche

The House Corporation ...... 97 To m Ramey and Mike Schardein

CAS Standards ...... 102 Douglas K. Lange Guidelines on the Relationship of General College Fraternities with

Institutions of Higher Education ...... 136

Resolutions and Position Statements ...... 141 Carolyn McFarland Association Resources Preface

The purpose of this manual is to give both new and experienced Greek advisors an overviewof the many facets involved in working with fraternities and sororities. It is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather a collec­ tion of information for immediate reference as well as a directory of furtherread ing materials and appropriate resources. No attemptwas made to integrate the writing styles of the contributors; each chapter is designed to reflect the personality and expertiseof its author. The format was chosen to accommodate future additions and revi­ sions. We hope you will find the manual helpful, and we encourage your suggestions for additional materials.

Acknowledgments

In addition to the authors, there are many people to whom we are deeply indebted-to Wayne Colvin who first began the project, to Jo Rumsey who saw it through to completion, and to Barb Robel for the final organization and editing.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without express written permissionfrom the President of the

Association for Fraternity Advisors, Inc., with the exception of brief quotes not to exceed 1,000 words and any of the position

statements or resolutions incl uded in this publication. . • • , ... · .r -

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� ::ifi1>'' ' af ·-,. ... ASSOCIATION OF FRATERNITY ADVtiC:qrs fl•i11_ �·· "· -'P.;...... , ·. a . . l CD ...... (ii" - 0 < CD < The American Fraternity (ii" :E A Brief Overview Sororitiesar e managed with a somewhat "maternal" philosophy. Each chapter has a board of alumnae advi­ sors-allvolu nteers-that supervisesthe chapters and is directly responsibleto the national organization. The national officers, also volunteers, supervisethe various departments of the sorority. There is not a "fault" on either side; it is merely the difference between the men's philosophy and the wom­ en's. When the National Panhellenic Conference was formed in 1902, the first thing the ladies did was draw up agreements-practical statements of fair play-that no one would belongto more than one group, that a pledge was binding for a specified period,tha t no one would be pledged before she was enrolled in college, and so on. The men's groups had no such agreements and felt no need for such strict observances. Fraternities and sororities were created by students to fill a void in their lives-to foster friendships, to encourage sociability, to provide an outlet for free expression. Few students looked upon them then--or lookup on them now-as agentsfor philanthropy, as instruments for self-improvement, or as training in lead­ ership. And yet that is what they have become through the friendships, the sociability, and the free expression. Because a student must attaina satisfactory academic average before initiation, attention to scholarship is emphasized. The chapter provides an excellent labora­ tory for leadership training because chapter affairs demand responsibility. Currently all groups are going through a periodof intenseself-appr aisal. All associationsco nnected with fraternitymanageme nt-NIC, NPC, FEA, NPHC, and AFA among them-are demanding an end to hazing and irresponsible socialbeha vior. Althoughthis will not be achieved overnight, signs of improvement are evi .. dent. Some colleges and universities have threatened to eliminate the fraternity system. Some have already done so. And many national groups have expelled or puton probation chapters that have not observed proper standards. But theseyo ung people are human beings,and the human animal has always sought companionship, preferably with those who are congenial.If the frater­ nity system were eliminated today, tomorrow some­ thing would rise to take its place. And it would rise with­ out200 year s of tradition to mold it,without strong na­ tional organizations to supervise it, and without the intense loyalties which have perpetuated fraternities. TheAmerican colle ge and university would be bereftof one of its most unique institutions-the frater­ nity-which has grown and developed by the side of Americaned ucation. meet in a student's room and had started renting halls. the charges have gradually shiftedfr om "secret soci­ And in 1854, at the University of Michigan, Chi Psi built eties" to "discrimination." a 20 by 14-foot logca bin in which to hold its meetings. Beginning at the close of World War II, when frater­ So the students' reaction to this double need-for nities experienced a decided rise in popularity, many meeting rooms and for living quarters-was to lease, educators expressedthe opinion that restrictions in and finally to build, their own homes. Thus evolved the membership based on race, color, or creed had no fraternity house and the substitution of the word place on the campus. Aspr ivate organizations, fraterni­ "house" for the word "chapter" as in "What house do ties maintainedth eir right to select their own members, you belong to?" This expression is common today but several federal commissionsand acts of Congress even on campuses where there are no housed threatened fraternalri ghts, and the campus upheavals chapters. of the 1960s led to a seriousde cline in fraternity mem­ The effectsof going into the housing business bership. Although Trtle IX of the Education Amend­ have been many and varied. Owning and maintaining ments of 1972 prohibiting sex discrimination in the property required the cooperation of the alumni and schools was amended in 1974 to exempt membership alumnae, many of whom in the past had simply grad­ practices of socialfrate rnities, many schools demand­ uated and disappeared. Now they became involved ed that discrimination based on race, color, or creed be with the management of the chapters, which indirectly discontinued if the fraternity were allowed to remain on benefitted the colleges by keeping alumni and alum­ the campus. Many groups founded along religious nae interested in the school. Likewise, private owner­ beliefs were adversely affected by these demands. ship of these houses relieved many schools of the Nevertheless,such restrictions have been eliminated, financial burden of building dormitories. In fact, this although membershipsele ction is still the privilege of willingness on the part of sororities and fraternities to the individual chapters. assume responsibility for housing has gradually led to The "national" character of fraternities (and many of many arrangements on the part of the institutions, them are "international" with chapters in Canada) such as "leased land" agreements, whereby the evolved gradually. Before the Civil War, as a rule chap­ school owns the land and the fraternity constructs ters were independentand did as they pleased. In fact, the building. it was common for a chapter at one school to establish But the change from being a group that "met" a chapter at another schooland not even bother to together to being a group that "lived"toge ther was a inform the rest of the fraternity. But gradually authority real turningpoint in the fraternity movement. It altered for the "government" of thegr oups was vested in con­ the entire concept of fraternity-with all its advantages vention-usuallya typeof reunion--and one chapter and disadvantages. It strengthened unity, discipline, would be designated as the "Grand" or "Presiding" activities, and friendships. On some campuses the fra­ chapter, to be responsible for information. Sometime in ternities fostered the extracurricular activities, such as the 1870s fraternities beganto elect national officers, a athletics, the newspaper, homecoming, and school practice imitated from their beginning by the sororities. dances. Many colleges concernedthemsel ves solely After the tum of the century, one by one the groups with the educational process and took no responsibility established national offices. Many now own their own for the other facets of student life. buildings. It is estimated at present that only 60 to 70 per­ Although sororities patternedthemsel ves after fra­ cent of our fraternities and sororities live in their own ternities, and their structure is parallel, there are houses-either leased or owned. The rest have lodges tremendous differencesbetween sororities and fraterni­ or suites or rent meeting rooms. But the spirit of unity ties. And, yes, it begins with differences between the engendered by the "house• concept is evident even sexes. with unhoused chapters. Men's fraternities,gener ally, have followed a "lais­ From the earliest days of the fraternity movement, sez-faire• or "freeenterprise" philo sophy. The national rivalryamong the groups to pledge members led to organization tends to allow the chaptersto run their excesses in "rushing" practices, and finally tocha rges own affairs as much as possible.The national offices of exclusiveness and snobbery, resulting in several are runby paid professionals who supervisea staffof legal disputes regarding the right of fraternities to exist. paid professionals who overseethe chapters. There Beginning in the late 1870s, several schoolspassed are, of course, volunteer advisors to the chapters and antifraternity rulings, and some state legislatures pro­ volunteer house corporation boards, but the men's hibited fraternities in state institutions. Litigation, in vari­ groups do not have a tradition of constant supervision ous forms, has persisted to the present time, although which characterizes the typical sorority chapter. The American Fraternity-A Brief Overview by Betty Mullins Jones, Alpha Phi

Fraternities are uniquely American. Although castle, Indiana. At about the same time, and without European schools have clubs and societies, nothing any prior knowledgeof the existence of the others, parallel to the Americanfr aternity system exists else­ Alpha Phi was foundedat Syracuse University in New where. York in September 1872, and Delta Gamma was The first fraternity was begun at the College of founded at Lewis School in Mississippi in December William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, on 1873. All of these groups were incorporated as "wom­ December 5, 1776, when a group of students formeda en's fraternities,• because at that time the word "soro­ secret society which they called Phi Beta Kappa, after rity"did not exist. This term was created for Gamma the first initials of their Greek motto: "Love of wisdom, Phi Beta in 187 4 becausetheir advisor, a professor of the guide of life." Phi Beta Kappa existed as a social Latin at Syracuse University, thought the term "frater­ group for the first 50 years of its life, and chapters were nity" ill-advised for a group of young ladies. established at other schools,including Harvard, Yale, By the turn of the century, ten women's fraternities and Dartmouth. It did not become the scholastic honor had established themselves as national groups, and in society we know today until after the anti-Masonic and 1902 they organizedwha t is now called the National anti-secret-society agitation of the 1820s. Panhellenic Conference.Tod ay the conference has But Phi Beta Kappa set the tone and instituted 26 member groups. many of the characteristics which are considered "typi­ In 1909, 26 men's groups founded the National cal" of fraternities: a Greek-letter name, a Greek motto, lnterfratemity Conference, and it now has a member­ an oath of secrecy, a badge, a ritual, a seal, and a ship of 63 general fraternities. Not all of these fraterni­ secret grip or handshake. (Undoubtedly the Greek ties are designated by Greek names, exceptions being motto and Greek name arose from the fact that all Acacia, FarmHouse, and Triangle. these students studied Greek as an academic In 1930, eight national Greek-lettersororities and requirement.) fraternities united to form the National Pan-Hellenic Other groups that were foundedsho rtlythe reafter Council. Five of thesetrad itionally black groups were emulated the characteristicsof Phi Beta Kappa in most foundedat Howard University: Alpha Kappa Alpha respects, and fraternitychap ters were establishedat Sorority in 1908,Delt a Sigma Theta Sororityin 1913, many of our early colleges. Of the 63 men's fraternities Zeta Phi Beta Sorority in 1913, Phi Beta Sigma that are now members of the National lnterfratemity Fraternity in 1914, and OmegaPsi Phi Fraternity in Conference, 36 were founded in the 19th century. 1911. The remaining sororityin the council, Sigma Education in the 18th and 19th centuries was rigid, Gamma Rho, was foundedin Indianapolisin 1922 and structured,and dogmatic. Fraternities filleda needin granted its first collegiate charterat Bu11er University in the lives of these young students by providing friend­ 1929. Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity was founded at ships and recreation. Although clubs, particularly liter­ Indiana University in 1911, and the oldest NPHC frater­ ary societies, flourished at this time, most of them were nity, Alpha Phi Alpha, was founded at Cornell in 1906. too large and too specialized to provide variety and to Americanfrate rnities were created as social organi­ foster close friendships. zations, and they retain this characteristic to the pre­ When young women were finally admittedto what sent day. Even the so-called "professional" societies, had previously beenall-male colleges, they too wanted which selectth eir members from a particular discipline, "something of their own.• Consequently, after the Civil have a distinct socialfunction. War severalwo men's fraternities appeared within a few Bu1in the middle of the 19th century, a change months of each other. I. C. Sorosis (coined from the occurred on the Americancampus that caused fraterni­ Latin word soror meaning "sister")was patterned after ties to acquire a secondarycha racteristic: thefr aternity the men's groups and was established at Monmou1h house. Becauseof many factors and circumstances College in Illinois on April 28, 1867. It later tookthe (most of them economical), a number of schoolswe re name Pi Beta Phi, afterthe initials of its secret motto. unable to maintain housing for their students. Kappa Kappa Gamma followed I. C. Sorosis at Consequently, campuses were ringed with boarding Monmouth in March 1870, but Kappa Alpha Theta was houses where students secured their own lodging and founded as the first Greek-letter woman's fraternity on meals. January27, 1870, at DePauw Universityin Green- By this time many chapters had grown too large to The Role of the Fraternity/Sorority Administrator

I ntroduction ...... 4 Administrative Responsibilities Programming, Consulting, and Advising Student Services External Relations Support Staff Supervision Facilities Management Business Management Personal and Staff Development Evaluation

Qualifications ...... 7 Education Experience Skills and Competencies

Protocol and Professional Standards 9 Personal Administrative Style Protocol

Conclusion ...... 10 Organizing and Operating the Greek Advisor's Office

Introduction ...... 12

Working with Others ...... 12 Faculty and Administration Advisor's Superior Community Charitable Organizations Alumni/ae Non-Greeks Colleagues

Working with University or College Policies 14

14 Discipline ...... tion. By establishing specific administrative responsibil­ ities, qualifications, and protocoland professional stan­ dards, specific behaviors and action plans can be de­ veloped and evaluated, and future Greek administra­ tors can be educated. Certainly, environmental and individual diversity will still exist, but this diversity will exist as partof the Greek administrative model, rather than in oppositionto it.

11 differences affect and sometimes dictate the environ­ and sorority officers should be consulted and advised ment of the institution. Perhaps a factor more directly of major policy changes, philosophical shifts, and spe­ affecting an administrative style is the diversity existing cificco ncerns or events of a specific chapter. between individual Greek communities. This diversity Particularly in cases of chapter discipline, the gener­ becomes readily apparent when one considers Greek al headquarters should be advised of the facts and communities and chapters which are large versus given time for appropriate input and response. If the small, old versus young, nationally-affiliated versus concernor requested input is significant, the Greek local, active versus apathetic, and various other para­ administrator must allow time for the legitimate deci­ meters. Finally, additional factors contributing to envi­ sion-making processto occur at the national level and ronmental uniquenessfa cing Greek administrators should not expectan immediate answer to a difficult include faculty attitude,the student body, alumni/ae question. These same considerations apply when involvement, specific positiondescrip tions, and working with a peer Greek administrator regarding an resources available to the administrator. aspectof disciplinein volving two universities. One final Secondly, the Greek administrator as a person must consideration of national fraternity and sorority commu­ be considered. Differences arise as a result of varied nication is knowing who to contact. This varies from the years of experience, leadership style, personality traits, typicalsorority headquarters to the typical fraternity qualifications, and individual attitudes. Individual ad­ headquarters and depends on specific organizational ministrators do not perceive and process information structures with each national operation. The new identically, and therefore one would not expect identical Greek administrator should seek to initially contact behavior or action. each national officeto determine appropriate contact A particular administrative style therefore depends persons for specific situations. uponthe differences existing both within the environ­ National officersand fellow professionals have an ment and within the individual. This will be the case not abundance of reference and resource materials and only as the individual attempts to initially develop an are generally verywilling to share this information with administrative style, but will continue as the environ­ the Greek administrator. They cannot, however, be ment in which he or she is functioning progresses or held responsible for duplicating and mailing large digresses, and as the individual gains experience and massesof materialsor exertinggr eat effort at collating new insight. The administrator must establish and them at their expense. The Greekad ministrator must maintain a unique style as detennined by individual make everyeffort to assistin completing a request and and institutional factors. Perhaps more importantly, the keeping requests within reason. Conversely, if a rea­ administrator must remember that as the environment sonable request for resources, infonnation, or consulta­ and the individual change, so too must administrative tion is made of the Greek administrator, he or she style. By not only perceiving but also adjusting to this should respondopenl y and without hesitation. It is im­ change, the administrator has a far greater chance of portantto remember that the greatest resource avail­ ensuring that change is progressive and the adminis­ able to the Greek administrator is his or her fellow pro­ trative style remains effective. In detenniningthe ap­ fessionals,bu t this resource should never be abused propriatenessof any administrative style in a given sys­ or taken for granted, as dictated by considerations of tem, the standard for measurement is successand protocol or professionalism. effectivenessin practicing technical,hu man, and As a furtherrefe rence on protocol, Greek adminis­ conceptual skills trators may want to read the "Statement of Ethical and ProfessionalSt andards" of the American College Protocol Personnel Association. Within any profession and among any group of pro­ fessionals there are unwritten standards and proce­ Conclusion dures that dictate the protocol of the profession. Much of this protocol is similar and relevant from profession As the role of the Greek administrator becomes to profession and essentially involves common sense. more specified and as a modelfor Greek administra­ Otherasp ects of protocol, while certainly within the tion is approached, the existing environmental and indi­ realm of common sense, are unique to Greek adminis­ vidual diversitywi ll be seen as a contributing rather tration. than inhibiting factor toward a thorough understanding Communication is an important aspect of the profes­ of the profession. This chapter hopefully will serveas a sion, and it should be conducted wisely and with con­ vehicle for that understanding by identifying both the sideration for other professionals. National fraternity diverse and the specific factors of Greek administra-

10 tencies are used, rather than whether they are or are 13. Contribute to and profit by professional relation­ not used at all. It therefore is necessaryto identify ships with peer and superior administrators. those competencies which comprise the three skill 14. Express one's thoughts and ideas, both verbally areas of Greek administration. and in writing. 15. Manage interpersonal relations and conduct all Competencies within the technical skill. Ability to: personal matters in accordance with sound pro­ 1. Translate goals and objectives into workable and fessionalet hics. measurable action plans and behaviors. 16. Manage personal attitudesand emotions relative 2. Assess needs of students and environment. to and necessaryfor professional success. 3. Provide consultation and advice regarding chap­ 17. Assess effortswith in the human skill and seek ter operations and leadership. revision, if necessary. 4. Program and educate according to identified or expressedne eds. Competencies within the conceptual skill. Ability to: 5. Practice effective and timely decision-making. 1. Develop an educationally sound departmental 6. Request, appropriate, and manage budgetary philosophy. resources. 2. View the Greek community within the larger 7. Manage and/or communicate with entities man­ realm of the university setting. aging physical facilities. 3. Envision one's responsibilities within the cooper­ 8. Recommend, adopt, and implement departmen­ ative relationship encompassingnational frater­ tal policy. nity and sorority professionals, alumnVae, under­ 9. Incorporate evaluative results into policy and graduate leaders, and the university. practice revision. 4. Conduct long-range planning and goal setting. 10. Maintain and use records in future planning and 5. Understand and communicate applicable com­ program development. munity, state, and federal laws to constituencies. 11 . Revise existing organizational structures ac­ 6. Understand administrative theoryas it relates to cording to changing needs of students and the organizational and human behavior. environment. 7. Adapt technicaland human competencies to 12. Assesseffo rts within the technical skilland seek current and Mure trends and philosophies. revision, if appropriate. 8. Maintain personaldev elopmentalactiviti es. 9. Assess effortswith in the conceptual skill and Competencies within the human skill. Ability to: seekrev ision, if necessary. 1. Communicate with students, faculty, alumnVae, and community. Protocol and Professional Standards 2. Articulate program and departmental goals to constituencies. Personal Administrative Style 3. Manage and resolve conflict. Beyond identifying the specific role of the Greek 4. Manage and affectchang e. administrator within higher education in terms of ad­ 5. Discipline. ministrative responsibilities and qualifications, it is both 6. Articulate and generate a sense of responsibility predictable and necessarytha t Greek administration within chapter leaders and members. remain individual in nature. This is and will continue to 7. Facilitate counseling activities and attend to be the case for two reasons already discussed. specialne edsof students. 8. Articulate the true sense and meaning of A first consideration is the environment in which the "fraternalism" to undergraduate and alumnVae Greek administrator functions. No amount of research, members. recommendation, or effort at any level of government 9. Provide genuine and enthusiastic supportfo r or administration will standardize the tremendous diver­ undergraduate leadership efforts. sity that has always existed within higher education. 10. Present an approachable, unassuming,and Beyond the managerial and personal differences that positive image to students. exist from institution to institution as affected by specific 11. Provide leadership and a role model for administrations, colleges and universities cultivate indi­ constituencies. vidual uniquenessinher ent in their founding. Private 12. Supervise and contribute to the professional versus public, large versus median versus small, com­ growth of clerical and graduate staff. muter versus residential, undergraduate versus gradu­ ate, predominantly white versus minority, even regional

9 always the case nor is it a necessity, particularly if a Greek administration. The eventual proficiency at re­ graduate degree has been earned. As the Greek ad­ sponsibilities largely depends upon one's experiences ministration profession sees increased applicants each at a wide varietyof interpersonal relationships and the year and as the profession continues to establish credi­ ability to educate and facilitate group discussion; coun­ bility among institutions of higher education, graduate seling; public relations and group leadership; supervi­ degrees are becoming more and more necessary. sion and personnel management; facilities and physi­ These graduate degrees are most often and most cal plant maintenance; and business, equipment man­ effectively Master of Arts programs in counseling or agement, and budgeting. Experiences and knowledge educational administration or Master of Education pro­ within the area of legal affairsalso has become neces­ grams in counseling. In terms of the consistency of sary. While these areas often are discussed and taught successwith in the profession, individuals most suitable through formal education programs, knowledge is and sought after are those equippedwith an under­ transferred to skills and competencies only through graduate degree in a supportpr ofession and a gradu­ actual experience. Graduate professionals should seek ate degree as mentioned above. Additional course every opportunity to gain experiences through gradu­ credit beyond the qualifying degrees is helpful and ate programs, and established professionals should should be chosen in areas in which the administrator seek to broaden experiences upon entering the field of seeks additional proficiency. Obviously, the administra­ Greek administration. tor cannot rely solely upon classroom education as total preparation for a successful continuation of the Skills and Competencies Greek profession. Such education does, however, pro­ A final area of consideration in examining qualifica­ vide a degree of preparation and defines both what is tions of the Greek administrator is identifying critical desirable and what is possible within the profession. skills and competencies necessary for successful oper­ ation. Three basic skills have been identified upon Experience which successful administration rests-technical, Enrolling in universityadminis trative training pro­ human, and conceptual. The technical skill assumes grams and obtaining undergraduate and graduate an understanding of and proficiency in the methods, degrees are necessary, but not sufficient,for success­ processes, procedures, and techniques of administra­ ful administration. New administrators must seek to tion. Generally, the technical skill is more important to make themselves employable, and experienced ad­ entry-level and middle-management administrators ministrators must seek to enhanceem ployability by and, as such, is most applicableto Greek administra­ developing attractivequal ifications and interests over tors in performing"front line" responsibilitiesspecific to and above the formal educational experiences. Two the university. Thehuman skill refers to the administra­ separate sets of experiences shouldbe sought in con­ tor's abilityto workeffectively and efficientlywith ot her sidering Greek administration as a profession. people, both individually and collectively. This skill re­ The first set of experiences includes those personal quires considerable self-understanding and accep­ activities and interests that contribute to the under­ tance as well as appreciation, empathy, and considera­ standing and familiarity of the Greek experience within tion for others. The human skill is equally important to a higher education environment. These experiences Greek administrators in achieving goals. Finally, the include membership in a Greek organization; participa­ conceptual skill includes the administrator's ability to tion in leadership responsibilities as an undergraduate see the students, chapters, and Greek community with­ student; professional experience within a national fra­ in the total universitysetti ng. This skill includes the ternity or sorority;ac tivities and responsibilities within effective mapping of interdependence of each of the the national professional organizations supporting componentswi thin the Greek community, the program­ Greek professionals and administrators; paraprofes­ ming and consultation effort of the administrator, and sional, graduate, or professionalexpe rience within a human behavior within the community. The conceptual higher education environment; and participation in skill is importantto the Greek administrator in identify­ developmental enrichment activities and learningexpe­ ing long-term goals and chartinga course for the riences. As experiential learningis generally accepted Greek community. among educators as being the most effective, any ex­ Unlike the conceptual or human skills, which often periences gained in the aforementioned areas will defypr ecise definition, the technical skill is easier to enhance the skills and competencies of the Greek articulate. Specific competencies necessaryfor a given administrator. position typicallyar e listed within the position descrip­ The second set of experiences includes those con­ tion. Similarities will exist from position to position and sistent wiih the identified responsibilities pervasiveto differencestend to involve the degree to which compe-

8 wages, educational materials, officeeq uipment, and nel by students, staff, faculty, and superiors. There are other university incomes, subsidies, and endowments. four different evaluation models currently identified. Such efforts may help ensure that current levels of Each of these modelsshould be incorporated in some funding remain constant and that additional appropria­ phase of the evaluation process. tions or increases are not thwartedby the ignorance of 1 . Goal attainment models-the determination of the Greek administrator. how well programs achieve established goals. Preparing the budget. Budget preparation for the 2. Judgmental models emphasizing intrinsic Greek administrator generally is included within a larg­ criteria-recognizing the importance of profes­ er department and depends largely upon the budget sional judgments and the use of criteria inherent model in effect at a particular institution. Initially, depart­ in the objectto be judged (i.e., the degree of ment administrators submit proposals for their needs training of staff, number of programs available to for the upcoming academic year (generally a fiscal students, etc.). year of July 1 to June 30), and these estimates are 3. Judgmental models emphasizing extrinsic aggregated by a higher administrator and contrasted criteria-determining the effects of the object with the probable revenues. A second round of esti­ being evaluated. While intrinsic criteria are con­ mates is sometimes requested, usually suggesting top cerned with the quality of the process, extrinsic limits for expenditures. These estimates are again criteria evaluate the product. aggregated, and a proposed departmental budget is 4. Decision-facilitation models-accumulating and drawn up and submittedto financial administrators of presenting evaluative information to a superior the institution for final approval. decision maker or decision-making body. In con­ Monitoring expenditures within the approved budget. trast to other models,de cision-facilitation mod­ This task involves purchasing materials and supplies; els emphasize the need for superior feedback. record-keeping, auditing, and accounting procedures; and the resourceful and efficient use of funds. Qualifications

Personal and StaffDev elopment As a result of institutionaldiver sity, Greek adminis­ Staffand personal development has become a trative positions-and the individuals who are sought necessityfor Greek administrators who seek to remain for those positions-varya great deal. The position of educated regarding current trends and educational the Greek administrator ranges from full-time to volun­ techniques and materials,to continueto grow in com­ tary, from entry-level to deansof students and vice petence,and to renew excitement aboutth eir work presidents, and from largelydisc iplinaryto largely edu­ over the course of their career. While possessing post­ cational. It therefore is difficult to identify or insist upon graduate counseling, administrative, or personnel specific qualificationsof individuals seeking a success­ degrees, veryfew Greekad ministrators canclaim to be ful careeri n Greek administration with total disregard fully-developed professionals. Personal development for the dictates of individual environment. Further, as a should include participation in educational workshops result of individual differencesamong Greek adminis­ and retreats, consultation with recognized "experts,• trators who have provided great contributionsand suc­ and a consistent review of the literature. Staff develop­ cess to the profession, absoluteworth can not be deter­ ment remains a veryimport ant aspectof graduate per­ mined by merely examining education, experiences, sonnel supervision. Graduate professionals must be and skills and competencies. It is, however, possible given opportunities to supplement classroomand and necessaryto identifydesi rable qualificationswhich assistantship experience and should be shown the most likely lead to the greatest degree of success with­ benefits of continueddev elopment at the initial stage of in the profession.This is crucialfor evaluating, identify­ their career. ing, and educating new professionals as well as for establishing Greekad ministration as a credible and Evaluation worthypr ofession. Evaluation in task areas such as programming, con­ sulting, and advising has beencom mon. What is new Education about the recent press for evaluation is the emphasis Generally, one of the few absolute minimums of on formal planning, systematic sampling, accurate Greek administration is an earned Bachelor of Artsor instruments, and easily understood and readily publi­ Science degree from an accredited institution. While cized results. Also important is the need for compre­ many Greek administrators have earned undergradu­ hensive evaluation of programs, facilities, and person- ate degrees in education or psychology, such is not

7 input. National officesshould be consulted and advised which they find assignments interesting and challeng­ of major policy changes, philosophical shifts, and spe­ ing, the opportunities they have for success,the recog­ cific concerns or events of a particularchap ter. Na­ nition they get for a job well done, and the extent to tional officers-from national presidents to traveling which they are regarded and treated as competent pro­ consultants-exist as invaluable supporters,inno va­ fessionalsar e factors that contributeto intrinsic posi­ tors, and consultants to current and future institutional tion satisfaction and enhancement of performanceand programs. The Greek administrator must seek to use competence. professional personnel appropriately. Maintaining communication and a close working Facilities Management relationship with Greek administrator colleagues. While generally less of a responsibility than others Networkingwith in Greek administration has proven to for Greek administrators, facilities management might be increasingly essential. Through contacts within the include the appropriate use of office space and prop­ profession, resources are shared, information is ex­ erty, preventive and managerial programs and consul­ changed,and a sense of fulfillment and accomplish­ tation for privately owned residences, and the manage­ ment is achieved. It is importantfor Greek administra­ ment of property or residence units under the supervi­ tors to seek assistance and supportwhen needed and sion or ownership of the university and occupiedby to offer assistance and supportwhen requested. Lines Greek students and/or chapters. of communication and working relationships should be Office management. While managing office space established as soon aspos sible by way of state, re­ and equipment generally doesnot involve safety con­ gional, and national conferences, consultation visits, cerns, it doesinclude overseeing the personal working and the telephone. As a model for Greek administra­ space of professionals, clerical staff, and graduate sup­ tion is developed, this task will have the most signifi­ port;esta blishing a resource center for students; and canteffect on the eventual outcome. seeking to maintain a comfortableworkpl ace for staff and an approachable office for students. Support StaffSu pervision Ma nagerial consultation and privately-owned chap­ Clerical staff. While Greek administrators are often ter houses. While property management is an excellent not responsible for specificcle rical staffpolicies, they learning opportunity for students, they sometimes are do play a role in hiring, supervising, and evaluating unable or unwilling to appreciate everyco nsideration in thesepr ofessionals. At a minimum, clericalstaff should ensuringso und,safe , and secure housing. Educational be aware of the criteria used in their evaluation, the programming, informalconsult ation, alumnVae commu­ expertisesup of ervisors,and the benefits and em­ nication and support,and the encouragement or super­ ployee rights available to them through their employ­ vision of regular inspection programs all serveto assist ment. The administrator should be aware of the abili­ students with housing responsibilities and to reassure ties and limits of the clericalstaff and remain cognizant the Greek administrator of reasonably sound environ­ of the employee's workload and position satisfaction. ments for Greek students. Clericalstaff also may require special training and edu­ Ma nagement of university-owned or supervised cation ifthey initially are unfamiliar with Greek commu­ fa cilities or property. Facilities management as an as­ nities in general. Theus e of an annual checklist of pectof the university's residence life operation may characteristics for evaluation has littleeffect on the exist as a large responsibility for a Greek administrator. overall professional development or gratification of the This involves somedeg ree of planning or communica­ support professionals. tion with entities responsible for routine housekeeping, Graduate staff. As graduate candidates, supportfor maintenance, and repair; hiringand training of supervi­ graduate programs and assistantships, and interest in sorypersonnel; and energy management. Mainten­ the Greek professionconti nue to increase, graduate ance of a sound living environment and atmosphere for personnel have become more commonplace. Con­ students is criticalnot only for health and safety rea­ ditions of employment, rights and responsibilities, and sons, butalso as an important source of pride for pay and retention policies should be clearly elaborated. membersof the Greekand non-Greek community. A basic foundation for these various subtasks is an ad­ ministrative commitment to helping young profession­ Business Management als grow in their intrinsic satisfaction from early experi­ Understanding sources of revenue. While Greek ences in Greekad ministration. How graduate students administrators generally cannot affectac tual sources of are treated, the extent to which they are consulted, the revenue beyond budgetaryreq uests, it is helpful to amount of authority delegated to them, the extent to understand the mechanics and sources of salaries and

6 available resources, preparing and programming edu­ such, it is important to remember and articulate to stu­ cational materials for students, developing models and dents that the disciplining process involves the ability to guideline materials for successful chapter and Greek identify inappropriate behavior, to reactin an appropri­ community operation, and exchanging information and ate manner, to determine and implement appropriate viewpoints with peerGr eek and educational adminis­ sanctions, and to maintaina position of fairness, con­ trators. Successful programs rest uponthe understand­ sistency, and objectivity. The philosophy of student dis­ ing of such diverse elements as psychology of learn­ cipline should be one of preventing undesired recurring ing, the receptivityand motivations of students, and the behavior rather than punishing for past behavior. ability of students to comprehend programming and consultation as related to their current level of opera- External Relations • tion and management sophistication. This responsibility has the dual purposes of obtain­ Constantly appraise programming and consultation. ing and maintaining the larger community-faculty, The evaluation activity involves examining objectives to local residents, alumnVae, administrators, and inde­ determine their relevance, assessing programs to pendent students-and national fraternity or sorority determine if desired objectives are being achieved, and professional supportfor Greek programs, and of analyzing various indicators of the successor failure of assuring that the community and professionals are programming and consultation. fully involved in activities of the system. Actual pat­ Readily incorporate evaluative results. Programming terns of external relations-eitherthrough efforts of and consultation are most profitably evaluated in an the Greek administrator or the Greek chapters­ atmosphere of sincerityand acceptability where results traditionally have taken the form of a planned public of evaluations are readily incorporated in future efforts. relations program. This approach views participation Provide support materials and personnel. by the community and professionals as a privilege Programming and consultation often include the distrib­ rather than a right and is geared to providing a best­ ution or availability of written materials to students and foot-forward image through a program of controlled chapters. Additional supportshould be sought through information. Ideally, externalrela tions are character­ peer university administrators or faculty, alumnVae, or ized by partnership, participation, and conversation outside consultants. with the public as well as communication to them. Assisting the community to contrast its cu"ent Student Services sense of what Greeks do and ought to do with other While programming and consultation directly concepts of education. This is particularly important address the mechanics of leadership, chapter, and with faculty who view the Greekcommu nityas deter­ Greek community development, the Greek administra­ ringfrom the academic mission and who, along with tor will have occasions to provide additional servicesto alumnVae, rememberchap ters very different from individual students. those of today. This aspectof communication also is Special assistance to students. These services and essential with independentstude nts who have decided programs seek to help students adjust better to the uni­ not to join Greek organizations, with local residents versityand/ or Greek community, develop more effec­ who often observe only the late-night music and early­ tively as social and emotional persons, become better morning trash, and with fellow educational administra­ learners, and develop skills for dealing with their future tors who, while supportive of the Greek movement, are beyond college. Oftentimes these services are con­ unsure of how it operates or ways in which they can be ducted in cooperation with the university's professional of assistance. counseling and guidance services,either directly in Interpreting theprogram to th e larger community. working withst udents or a clearinghouse for student Beyond the actual existence of programs, it is impor­ referral. tant that accurate and fullin formation regarding these Student and chapter discipline. In the last two programs is disseminated. This information includes decades, this aspect of educational administration has programs and activities specific to the chapters them­ received increased attention as courts have required selves and also objectives and programs of the Greek the use of due process. Many universities now main­ administrator. tain formal procedural channels in cases of individual Maintaining communication and a close working student discipline, and Greek councils are assuming rela tionship with the general headquarters profes­ increased authority for member/chapter discipline. The sional. It is essential that a strong and mutually majority of Greek administrators do maintain some respectful relationship exist with general headquarters level of responsibility regarding discipline, however. As professionals in terms of both communication and

5 The Role of the Fraternity/Sorority Administrator* by Te rry Appolonia, Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Introduction * Information adapted and paraphrased from Sergiovanni, Thomas J., et al; Educational Governanceand Although the profession of full-time fraternity/sorority Administration. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980. administration is a relatively recent phenomenon, there has been a consistent and progressive movement to­ Administrative Responsibilities ward identifying the specific role of the Greek adminis­ trator within higher education. Several factors serve to Despite the diversity that exists between institutions, catalyze this movement: higher education administra­ Greek communities, and administrators, authors and tion and personnel preparation is becoming more spe­ educators have argued that administration, including cialized; research as related to fraternities, sororities, Greek administration, consists of a set of persistent and Greek administration is becoming more readily responsibilities. The need to identify these responsibili­ available; and information flow and exchange between ties as specificto Greek administration is realized for Greek administrators, fraternity/sorority professionals, two important reasons. First, such discussions provide and individuals of other disciplines of student affairs are a link between what Greek administrators value and becoming more commonplace. As each of these fac­ what Greek administrators do. If administrators can tors becomes more significantto Greek administration, successfully identify what should be done, behaviors the profession will continue to approach a specific ad­ and action plans can be evaluated. Second, such dis­ ministrative model. Most recently, a fourthfacto r has cussions are important in determining the curriculum of emerged which ultimately will affect the greatest move­ personnel preparation. Responsibilities that are seen ment toward a model of Greek administration. This fac­ as worthwhile by educators can be included within cur­ tor, in summation, is the effort of current Greek admin­ ricula,and Greek administrators who place value in istrators and professionals to define their role in higher these responsibilities are noted as role models for new educationand student affairs. and future administrators. Despite the first three factors, defining Greek admin­ Eight differentres ponsibilities will be presented to istration remains an elusive task. Inconsistencies which all Greek administrators attend. Some adminis­ emerge as a result of variablespro videdby public ver­ trators spendgr eater or lesser amounts of time on one sus private institutions; levels of sophistication among or more of these responsibilities as determined by the students, student leaders, and chapters; and institu­ dictates of a particular environment and position de­ tional and national fraternity/sororityrelati onships with scription. Essentialto the ultimate success of the Greek communities. These variablesand others largely Greek administrator, however, is the need to attend to dictate the specifics of Greek administration relative to each responsibilitysomewha t without dwelling too a particular university and Greek community or "envi­ heavily on certain responsibilities at the neglect of oth­ ronment.· This is not to say, however, that Greek ad­ ers. The first six responsibilities are fairly well-defined ministration may be defined only in generalities. in the literature of educational administration while the Rather, it speaks to the necessity of understanding, latter twoha ve only recently been recognized as appreciating, and assessingthe 1 uniqueness of a partic­ essential elements. ular environment and the ability to adapt responsibili­ ties and use qualifications according to the dictates of Programming, Consulting, and Advising the environment. Accomplishing these two major tasks Develop a philosophy of education and objectives will result in the administrative style most successful in consistent with that philosophy. The Greek administra­ any given situation and will be the measure of ultimate tor must, above all else, adopt a philosophy of educa­ successtor the Greek administrator. This chapter is an tion if he or she is to succeed for any length of time. effort to identify responsibilities, qualifications, and The inability to accomplish this goal and/or to recog­ standards pervasivethr ough Greek administration. In nize its ultimate importance is the major reason for fail­ doing so, it is essential that specifics remain within ure or early burnout.The relationship one must seek to generally recognized parameters of Greek administra­ establish with students and chapters should be educa­ tion while flexibility is maintainedin order to accommo­ tional in nature, not authority or control-oriented. date differences still existing among specificenvi ron­ Constructprograms to fulfill educational objectives. ments and individuals. This includes such activities as reviewing literature and

4 Advising the lnterfraternity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and Greek Councils

Structure ...... 16 Executive Councils Committees Junior lnterfraternity and Panhellenic Councils Judicial Boards

17 Issues in Advising ...... Budgeting and Funding Chapter Relations Programming Credibility

The Authority of NIC, NPC, NPHC, and FEA 18

Regional Greek Conferences ...... 18

Alumni/ae ...... 18

...... 1 9 Conclusion . have large investments in their chapters and should be kept informed about both negative and positive devel­ opments in the chapters. Discipline is a necessary item with which we must all contend. Students should be informed in advance about what is expectedof them and what the conse­ quences of misbehavior are. The Greek advisor should ensure that a fair system is in operation, oversee it as much as possible, use a reward system, make avail­ able alternatives to negative practices, be available for advice and counsel, and stand by the decisions once they are made. If the situation warrants compromise, then do it! Disciplineis partof education; sanctions should keep that fact in mind.

15 a system whereby communication is maintained on a one or various reasons. The National Association of regular basis, regardless if it is a newsletterfrom the Student Personnel Administrators passed guidelines Greek advisor or merely a phone call once a term. Yo ur for developing relationship statements at its annual effortswill be appreciated! conference in 1984. Furthergu idelines were jointly de­ veloped by the Associationof Fraternity Advisors,the Working with University or College Policies National lnterfraternity Conference, the National Pan­ hellenic Conference, and the Fraternity Executives Each college and university differs in its policies to­ Association. Reference to these guidelines is suggest­ ward the operation of Greek organizations. Some insti­ ed in developing a relationship statement for a campus tutions take a rigidappr oach whereby everywa king if the campus desires one. moment of a fraternity or sorority member's life is moni­ tored in some fashion. Other institutions take a "hands­ Discipline off"appr oach and allow the Greeks to do as they please; when there are problems, Greeks are dealt The Greek advisor should first ascertaintha t the with as if they were any other student on campus. judicial system is fair; he or she should also be kept The death of in locoparen tis resulted in this "hands­ informed of Greek violations, the outcomes of hear­ off"atti tude, but in recent years, more and more institu­ ings, and sanctions that are imposed against individu­ tions are being held responsible by the courts for inci­ als or an entire group. The Greek judicial system may dents that have occurred both on and offcampus in­ be separate from that which deals with non-Greeks or volving Greeks. As a result, most schools have accept­ residence hall students. Many institutions have adopt­ ed the fact that they have a legal responsibility for ed codes of conduct for Greek students. Such codes Greeks since they grant some form of recognition to as well as student rights and responsibilities, judicial the organizations. processes, possible sanctions, and recourse for ap­ The Greek advisor is best protected if he or she peals should be widely disseminated. Each fraternity knows fully what is expected of the advisor. Once the or sorority should be required to have an internal sys­ role of Greeks on campusis defined, the advisor can tem for handling disciplinaryproblems. Chapters develop and implement programs which will enable should be encouragedto deal with their problems first Greeks to fulfill their expected role. The advisor should before seekingouts ide assistance from the Greek workto abolishor revise antiquated and uselesspo li­ advisor or others. ciestha t hinder rather than enhanceprogress. Policies A written system of filingcomplaints, hear ings, etc., and regulations are good,and it is recommendedtha t should be establishedand followedby the Greekadvi­ the advisor establish writtenpoli cies in appropriate sor. If possible, theseshould be handled to avoid nega­ areas of operation. The Greek advisorshould be famil­ tive public relations. However, there may be occasions iar with all university and college policies that can affect when it is appropriate to set an example and publicize the performance of his or her duties or may ultimately a disciplinaryproblem and action so that the campus have an effect on Greeks. These can varyfrom adver­ and community are aware that action is taken when tising policies,alcohol policies, visitation rules, and necessary. meeting regulations, to rush rules,rep ortingreg ula­ Disciplinaryac tion should be consistent from case to tions, and membership requirements. These policies case, yet the opportunity for flexibility in sanctions and programsshould complement the student develop­ should be maintained.Many instances can be worked ment objective. Undergraduate fraternity and sorority outwith simply a meeting between partiesra ther than organizations have the potential of enhancing the edu­ an official hearing.A chapter or individual may also cational processand the goals of institutions of higher take self--Oisciplinaryac tion that is acceptable to all in­ education. Thus, the relationship between the host in­ volved parties;this saves time and avoids furthernega­ stitution and the undergraduate Greek system should tive interaction betweengr oups or individuals. be one of mutual cooperation and understanding. If action is taken against a chapter, the national A written statement outlining the relationship of the headquarters and localadvisor should be informed; collegeor university to its Greek system may be help­ however, it is not always necessaryto inform the advi­ ful. The policy should outline mutual expectations and sor or national about every minor negative interaction define the basis of the relationship as well as what is with a chapter. Chapter officersand even the chapter garnered through the relationship, what is expected to advisor may be upset when you notify the national continue in the relationship, and what can occur should aboutch apter problems or discipline,yet you have the the terms of therelatio nship be placed in jeopardy for obligation to make such contact because the nationals

14 community and the charitable community. On campus­ if alumnVae are involved with their chapters. Greek ad­ es where Greek housing is intermixed with residential visors should encourage each chapter to have an alum homes, a Greekadvisor canexpe ct to get complaints advisor. Many national headquarters have guidelines at all hoursof the day at home and at the office. for chapter advisors to follow, but it is also a good idea Greeks living in residential neighborhoods have never for the Greek advisor to develop and disseminate been a welcomed entity. Even in cases where Greek chapter advisor expectations and responsibilities. The housing preceded residential housing, neighbors have Greek advisor should maintain contact with chapter fought, often successfully, to have Greeks evicted. In advisors and attempt to meetat least once a term with many instances,lobb ying effortsha ve been successful those advisors. in local city councils to enactla ws that ban Greek housing. Non-Greeks As in the case with faculty and administration, it is Relations with non-Greeks can be both positive and recommendedtha t the policy be proactive rather than negative. Some of the strongest hostility against reactive. A planned program for interaction with neigh­ Greeks is oftenexpressed by the student newspaper. bors should be implemented. This can include picnics, The Greek advisor should attempt to submit columns clean-ups, or a variety of goodre lations-building cam­ writtenby Greeks about the Greek system and its ac­ paigns. It is important that the Greek advisor and other tivities as well as encourage Greeks to join the news­ university or college officials meet at least annually with paper staff. Another good means of developing positive neighbors to describe policies regarding Greeks and to public relations is through a Greeknewspaper or other outline what recourse the neighbors have in lodging publications that are disseminated to the campus com­ complaints. The neighbors should be encouraged to munity. Even though non-Greeks or others find ready maintain communications with the Greeks as well as audiences for their sentiments against Greeks, the best college and universityoffici als. Neighbors should be response often is no response. Unless the information asked to first attempt to deal with the students and then is totally erroneous, libelous, or severely damaging, the to make contact with the Greek advisor. It is recom­ Greek advisorshould encourage Greeks not to re­ mended that the neighbors be given the home and spond. Oftentimes, their response is unprepared, and work phone numbers of chapter advisors so that they, they make themselves lookworse than they did in the too, can be involved when problems arise. Again, it is original attack. If a responseis necessary, the advisor important to emphasize the positive-theGr eeks should offer to help draft it to insure that a poor or im­ should develop good relations in advance, recognizing mature answer is notmade. Social functions, fund rais­ that they have an obligation to be good neighbors. ers, or other activitieswith non-Greeks are held by Greeks on many campuses to promote positive inter­ Charitable Organizations action. Thesecan be hosted by individual groups or by The Greekad visor should develop a policy outlining the entire system. the handling of requests for assistance from charitable organizations. If allowed, the advisor may want to re­ Colleagues spond to each request with a list of names and phone In instanceswher e there are advisorsfor both the numbers of the Greek organization presidents. The men's and the women's groups, it is essential that request canals o be referred to the lnterfraternity, Pan­ these twopeo ple communicate, share ideas, and im­ hellenic, NPHC, or Greek Council presidents, or the plement joint programs. Thiswill result in better interac­ advisor can determine how to handle each call as it tion, less duplication of effort, and a stronger Greek comes. Good public relations may come from commu­ community. Thegoa ls of the two advisors should be nity service byGr eeks, so it is a good idea to encour­ basicallythe same, and the areas in which the men's age each group or the entire system to participate in and women's groups cancoo perate and share re­ one or more charitablepr ojectseach year. sources are endless.The advisors should set examples for the students to emulate in termsof cooperation. AlumnVae Thename of the game in workingwith oth er entities The best chapters are the ones that have good or individuals is public relations. There are many indi­ alumnVae support.These groups spend much time and viduals who are directlyor indirectly involved when effortatte mpting to cultivate alumnVae involvement. dealing with Greek organizations, and the better the This is an area, although a difficult one, in which Greek response or reaction will be when one person or group advisors should take an interest and an active role. In is called uponfor assistance or input. There cannot be fact, the Greek advisor'sjob canbe made much easier too much communication! The advisor should develop

13 Organizing and Operating the Greek Advisor's Office by Larry Lunsford, Florida International University

Introduction Faculty and Administration A concerted effort should be made by the advisor Many persons who have held Greek advising posi­ and the Greek community to develop and maintain tions or currently serve in that capacity would agree goodrel ations with the faculty and administration of the that it canbe one of the most difficultpr ofessional posi­ institution. It is betterto have established supportea rly, tions in university and college work. It has proven to be versus seeking it only after a crisis or problem has oc­ an excellent training ground for young aspirants of curred. Many institutions require that each Greek orga­ higher education administration, and it probably has nization have a faculty advisor (perhaps in addition to been the downfall of others! an alum advisor); this is one way to get faculty input for The colleges and universities in the United States the Greek system. Several campuses sponsor regular and Canada are just as varied as the many national affairs whereby interaction between Greeks and faculty and localfr aternities and sororities. The types, mis­ and administration takes place (i.e., receptions, read­ sions, and all other components of institutions differ ings, and speeches) vastly. Thus it is not unexpectedthat the styles of gov­ Failure to establish good relationships may have dis­ ernance and administration vary from institution to insti­ astrous consequences. Faculty, administrators, and/or tution. Greek advising at one institution may be a high­ trustees at several northeastern institutions either have paying, high-priority position, while at another institu­ proposed banning or have abolished Greek organiza­ tion across town or across the nation, the position may tions on their campuses. This trend is dangerous and be held by a volunteer not affiliated with the college or frightening; however, on those campuses that have university, or the position may be nonexistent. contemplated such action, virtuallyno programs or in­ Although there are many examples of how an insti­ teraction existed between Greeks and the faculty and tution may organize its Greek advising office, five types administration. These kinds of programs are rewarding are predominant: 1) one advisor for both the men's and and beneficial to all partiesin volved and should be a women's groups with no graduate assistant; 2) one ad­ partof every Greek advisor's requirements. visorfor bothsexes with or withouta graduate assis­ tant, and with the advisor having other administrative Advisor's Superior responsibilities in addition to Greeks; 3) advisors for Undoubtedly, it is essentialthat a goodwo rkingre la­ both the men's and women's groups (with or without tionship be developedwith the advisor'ssu perior(s), as assistants and other duties); 4) a graduate student thesecollea gues will be crucialin supportingideas and servingas Greekadvisor; and 5) one or more volun­ programs. Thebest way to develop a goodworki ng re­ teers fillingthe position. lationship is through regular written and verbal commu­ Although the Association of Fraternity Advisors nication. If a superioris kept informed of what is hap­ passed a resolution at the 1980 annual conference rec­ pening in Greekaff airs, that knowledgewill betteren­ ommending that colleges and universities use a full­ able the personto take a stand on positive and nega­ time professional as Greek advisor, most institutions tive issues and render supportwhen requested and still vary the role of the position to meet their needs. needed. Regardless of whether the advisor is professional or A word of caution. There are times when a Greek volunteer, is full- or part-time, does or doesn't have stu­ advisormay encounter a superior who believes Greeks dent assistants, or advises one or both sexes, it is im­ to be necessaryevi ls. These individuals usually take a portantfor the advisor to be familiar with the expecta­ "hands-otr approach and don't want to get involved tions of the position as well as the many policies and unless theyar e forcedto take action. It is important constituencies associated with the position. that the advisornot ignore this individual. Keep the per­ son informed so that when problems arise,the superior Working with Others will have confidencein your ability to handle the situation. It is crucial that the Greek advisor create a good workingre lationship with the many individuals and enti­ Community ties with whom direct or indirect contact is made. The One of the most frustrating interactions an advisor successof the advisor may depend heavily on one or will have is with members of the community. Actually, more of these relationships. this area can be divided into two categories:the irate

12 Resources

Maintaining a Resource Library ...... 20 Archives Articles and Handouts Chapter Files Grades and Academic Records Judicial and Disciplinary Files Photo Archives Statistics Workshop and Retreat Designs

The Advisor's Bookshelf 20 Directories Newsletters Fraternity and Sorority National Magazines Books Manuals Videos

People Resources 23

Interchange ...... 24

Acronyms ...... 24 the chapter comesfrom time taken away from families and jobs. Recognize their contributions, don't bum them out, and realize that they may not have good peripheral vision. The alums may see their chapter clearly, but the Greek advisormu st see the Greek community as a whole.

Conclusion

Advising the lnterfratemity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and Greek councils and their member chapters is one of the most rewarding professions in high edu­ cation. And it IS a profession. More and more advisors are choosing a career in student personnel work and are preparingspecif ically for Greek advising. The op­ portunities for learningon the job are increasing, as is the quality of those opportunities, whether they be the AFA annual conference, the lnterfratemity Institute (IFI), or the regional conferences. Few other campus administrators have the amount of personal interaction with students that the Greek advisor has. Use every available resource to enhance your effectiveness as a Greek advisor and to develop relationships with those around you. Enjoy the job and the people,for no one will care how much you know until they know how much you care.

19 your instincts, but don't be afraid to take time to make a organizations and the Greek advisor. Both are at fault if decision. Be a role model; don't give your students they exercise authority without consulting the other and mixed signals by promoting one thing and practicing arriving at a mutually agreeable resolution. However, another. Above all, be a professional. that criticism is lessened considerably when either side Be sensitive. Respect the differencesbetw een the defaults on its responsibility. structure of the national fraternities and sororities. A great debate continues to rage as to the authority Learnto distinguish between a student who is procras­ of NPC over local Panhellenics. While the Panhellenic tinating and one who is overwhelmed by a jillion other council is an organization of a particular university and demands on his or her time. Research the real nature as such is responsible only to the University, it is with­ of a continuing conflict between a fraternity and its out a doubt in the best interest of that Panhellenic to be neighbors. Understand the nature of the volunteer as responsive as possibleto NPC guidelines. The Un­ chapter advisor. Ascertain whether the anti-Greek animous Agreements as outlined in the green NPC faculty member has just cause or is simply uninformed. Manual of Information are well thought out and have Make sure you understand the subtleties of any withstood the test of time. None of them should ham­ situation. per the operation and programming of a college Pan­ Be available. An effective advisor will respond at any hellenic and should therefore be given the credence of time to any situation. If the police ask for help in shut­ authority. Other material in the NPC Manual of Inform­ ting down a partyat 2 a.m., go with them. If you're try­ ation is for resource information; it, too, is an excellent ing to meet a deadline for a staff report and a troubled reference source for the Panhellenic council. Some student walks in, talk to the student. If a pledge or as­ Greek advisors use it selectively, choosing what seems sociate class does something stupid on a sneak and to work best on their particular campus. the news media requests an interview, talk to the re­ porter. Every situation, no matterho w uncomfortableor Regional GreekCo nferences how inconvenient, is an opportunity to educate. Use it! Perhaps some of the best resources available to a TheAu thority of NIC, NPC, NPHC, and FEA Greek advisorar e the regional conferences (Northeast, Southeast, Mid-American,and Western). These con­ Many, many resources are available to the Greek ferencesar e plannedand organized by Greek advi­ advisor, several of which are discussed in this manual. sors,with inputfrom NPC and FEAadviso rs,who at­ However, each advisor must distinguish between re­ tempt to be as responsive as possibleto the needsand source and authority. Sometimes they overlap. For concernsof theGr eeksys tems in their area. Speakers example. a student handbook that contains the conduct with national reputations are askedto address a multi­ code functions as both resource and authority, because tude of issuesdir ectedtoward Greek systems as well it is a tool for reference as well as a mandate for action. as individual chapter management. Additionally, there The dictionarydefi nes authority as the power or rightto is programming directed specifically to the Greek advi­ give commands, enforce obedience, take action, or sors. lnterfratemity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and make final decisions.With that definition in mind, ex­ Greek councils should be encouraged to build the con­ amine the role of the National lnterfratemity Confer­ ference expense into their budgets, as the trip is an ex­ ence (NIC), the National Panhellenic Conference cellent opportunity for undergraduates to share in dis­ (NPC), the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and cussion and recognition of their responsibilities. The the Fraternity Executives Association (FEA) in relation advisorshould plan to attend the conference with his to the campus Greeksyst em. Do they serve as re­ or her students as it is an opportunetime to build sourcesor do they have authority? For the system as a relationships. whole, they are resources. Their authority lies in the right of the national organization to make decisions re­ Alumnl/ae garding an individual chapter. However, the university invests a similar authority in the Greekadvi sor. Ob­ Alum advisorspr ovide another resource for the viously, neither authorityis absolute. Hence the need Greek advisor. Theirinpu t may come through struc­ for cooperation becomes paramount. Each of these tured alumnae Panhellenic groups, through periodic organizations has much to offer a Greek advisor in workshopsfor chapter advisors, through an alum IFC terms of resources and experience in dealing with a advisoryco uncil, or from personal visits with key advi­ wide variety of issues.The chapters that make up a sors. TheGr eek advisor, however, must remember that Greeksys tem are the responsibility of both the national these alums are volunteers. The time they spend with

18 1. Do the actions of individuals reflect upon the theft a felony, with the continued effortsto appease un­ chapter and the system as a whole? happy neighbors, and with other outlets such as recre­ 2. What weight will be placed on education and ation complexes available for the expenditure of ener­ preventive measures versus punitive sanctions? gy, the Greek system has a responsibility to prevent 3. What positionwill be taken regarding casestha t such actions. The advisor canpl ay a key role in this involve the city, state, or federal legal system? area by encouraging positive chapter relations. Ask The constitutions of the lnterfraternity, Panhellenic, IFC, Panhellenic, and Black Greek councils to brain­ Black Greek, and Greek councils should reflect the storm on ways for chapters to interact socially, collect actual workings of the organizations. For that reason, and publish a list of ideas from other advisors and from those documents should be reviewed at least every conference workshops, reward creative solutions to the other year. This will allow the group to either reaffirm or problems, and educate the members as to the ramifi­ realign its procedures. The National Panhellenic cations of their irresponsible behavior. Conference Manual of Information contains an excel­ lent sample of a Panhellenic constitution. Other exam­ Programming ples can be obtained upon request from nearly any Too many times the Greek advisor gets caught up in Greek advisor in the country. It may be helpful to ask meeting day-to-day obligations and in putting out fires. for copies from other schools in your state or confer­ There is littleor no time to plan and program. Yet to fail ence or from those Greek systems that have won to plan is to plan to fail. An advisor absolutely must regional or national awards. make or take the time to do long-range planning. It may involve announcing that you will be working at Issues in Advising home on a given day-away from the telephone, ap­ pointments, and drop-in visitors. It may involve finding Budgeting and Funding the funds to hire a graduate assistant. It may involve Whatever the source of funding for an lnterfratemity, going to a conference one day early or staying one day Panhellenic, Black Greek, or Greek council, an advisor late just to think creatively. It may involve an afternoon retreat with your officers to plan and assignto them the must recognize the facts: 1) the funding may be contin­ responsibility for implementation. No matter what the gent on numbers-either enrollment figures or pledging statistics-andis therefore variable; 2) as university method, the program planning must be accomplished. budgetsdecre ase,su pportfor the Greek system is Credibility veryvulner able; and 3) both advisorand students are accountable for the use of funds. Not many Greek ad­ Nothing is more important than credibility to a Greek visors have degrees in accounting. Thisis the time to advisor'srela tionships, whetherthey be with students, call in the experts,wh ether they be accounting or fi­ faculty, administrators,nat ional staffand officers, nance majors, a localCP A, the universitycomptr oller, alums, the city commission, or the local residents. A or a software package for the computer. Use the re­ Greek advisormu st deal with many constituencies on sources available to develop a workable processfo r many differentlev els. However, there are general prin­ dealing with accounts receivable, accounts payable, ciples which may prove useful in any situation. Be consistent. IRS forms, etc., in a timely fashion. The Greek advisor Espousethe same philosophy to all, may have to use all of his or her powers of persuasion and don't be tempted to sway with the wind. Don't tell when budget time rolls around. Good advicemay help various groups what you think they WANT to hear, but students to see beyond the moment and enable them rather tell them what they MUST hear. to make long-range budget decisionswhich will, for Be knowledgeable. Know as much as possible example, impact on responsibledr inking or personal aboutthe university, the Greek system as a whole, development. each chapter, and its members. Tune in to conversa­ tions around you and file for reference what you hear. Study national trends in higher educationand read all Chapter Relations available information aboutGr eeks. Listen to chapter Chapter relations (or the lack of them) is an ongoing consultants and ask them what they are seeing on problem. No doubt the first composite was stolen in other campuses. Williamsburg, Virginia, shortlyaf ter the founding of Phi Be human. Don't be afraid to let others see your ex­ Beta Kappa. And in someways , harmless pranks such citement, uncertainty, frustration, anger, or concern. as T. P.'ing have provided an outlet for energy. How­ But then be mature enough to get back on track and ever, with the value of composites now making their resolve the problem or move on to another issue. Trust

17 Advising the lnterfraternity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and Greek Councils by Barb Robel, Kansas State University

Structure ous that a third vice-president is no longer necessaryor Regardless of how an lnterfratemity, Panhellenic, that a specificissue such as community relations Black Greek, or Greek council is structured, the Greek should be given continuous attention, set up a constitu­ advisor must keep clearly in mind that it is his or her tional review committeeto address those issues. It "relationship" with the students that will make the differ­ might also be helpful to have in place a mechanism for ence between a successful or merely adequate perfor­ reviewing officers' performance.Then if someone drops mance as an advisor. Therefore, perhaps the best ad­ out of sight or changes priorities, the executive board vice for any advisor is to know the students-research as a group will be able to deal with the situation, result­ the general characteristicsand attitudes of college stu­ ing in that officer becoming more effective or being re­ dents today, but more importantly, get to know person­ placed. A standard partof the evaluation processfo r all ally the students serving on the lnterfratemity, Panhel­ officers and committeesshould be year-end reports. lenic, Black Greek, and Greek councils. These serveno t only as a tool for evaluating perfor­ mance and programs, but are also helpful in the Executive Councils transition process. The executiveoffice rs are an excellent group with which to start. Have the next exec meeting in your Junior lnterfraternltyand Panhellenic Councils home. Go to one of their intramural games. Share Junior or pledge/associate member lnterfraternity some of your background and philosophy over a soft and Panhellenic councils should exist only if they fulfill a drink in the Union. Ask them to babysit for you. Organ­ functionnot already beingdeal t with by IFC or Panhel­ ize a kidnap breakfast for officers only. Ta ke them to a lenic. If they aresimp ly duplicating the primarygr oup's state or area Greek conference. Above all, let them see efforts,they serveno purposeoth er than to create an­ you as a person, not just as an advisor. other meeting for theadv isorto attend. Again, objective No Greekadvisor has enough hours in the dayto evaluation is required.Ask the executive boardsof both accomplish all that is assigned, let alone all that might groups to rationalize theirexiste nce.Per haps thesame be envisioned.So don't hesitate to use the students. goals could be accomplishedby encouraging every They will obviouslyfeel a greater commitment and will chapter to senda pledge/associate/new memberrep re­ experiencegr eater personalgr owth if they are allowed sentativeto theIF C and Panhellenic meetings. These to participate fully in planning, implementing, and deci­ reps could then report back to their pledge or associate sion-making. They will also learnfrom each other. An classes, having observed an effective group in action, excellent opportunity to gain new insights is to hold joint rather than expending effort in an attempt to replicate IFC and Panhellenic exec meetings. Hearing the male that group. perspective of sororityrush (and vice versa)may be just what is needed to initiate some needed changes, Judicial Boards or it may serveto clarify in the students' minds the ra­ Judicial boards may be one of the most sensitive tionale for an existing system. Only when the officers and least enjoyable areas of an advisor's responsibili­ themselves serve as articulate advocates of programs ties. Yet there canbe great satisfaction in watching the and philosophies canthey be counted on to convey maturityand thought that the officers display in dealing that enthusiasm to others. with the issues. Whatever the structure of the judicial board itself,the advisor must insure that the members Committees are some of the best-informed representatives of the The structure of executive councils and committees Greek system. If they don't come to the board with that will varyso much from campusto campustha t it is knowledge, theadvisor should arrange for an intensive nearlyimpo ssibleto discussin generalities. Perhaps orientation session, coveringsu ch issues as philoso­ the key to making any structure effective, however, is phy, liability, due process,his tory, campus and commu­ continual evaluation. No structure is chiseled in stone; nityre lations, etc. Three of the primaryphi losophical although it may be outlined in a constitution, that too issuestha t must be agreed upon by the group before can be changed as need dictates. If it becomesobvi- they begin to function might include the following:

16 The Role of Fraternity Headquarters

The Advantages of a General Fraternity ...... 26 Professional Staff Services Resources

Organizational Structure ...... 26 Supporting Role Role of the Volunteer

Mutual Expectations ...... 27 The Successful Chapter Visit Information Exchange

Conclusion ...... 28 College FraternityEd itors Association (CFEA) tives. Funds are raised annually from members and Organized in 1923, CFEA is a professional associa­ contributors. NIF is an affiliate of the NIC. tion of editors of fraternitypubl ications. CFEA sponsors workshops and meetings designed to help promote im­ National Panhellenic Conference(N PC) proved magazine and publication quality. In the late Organized in 1902, NPC is an associationof 1960s CFEA revised its membership requirements to 26 women's fraternities. The administration by NPC admit members of professional fraternities. CFEA is an between its biennial meetings is conducted by the offi­ affiliate of the NIC. cers and by committees under the Executive Com­ mittee'sdir ection. College Panhellenics were estab­ Fraternity Executives Association (FEA) lished to aid chapters, becoming the first inter-group Organized in 1930, FEA was begun to provide for organizations on campuses. They receive from NPC mutual benefit and assistance of member (men's) fra­ suggestions for orderly procedures and they function ternity executives. In recent years, FEA has expanded under the same limitations as do members of NPC its programs and operations by sponsoring research (i.e., they function within rules of agreements that are and educational projects and has enhanced the profes­ binding on all members of NPC). sionalism of its members through programming, publi­ cations, and workshops. In recentyear s, central office National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) executive directors of the women's groups have Organized in 1929 (reorganized in 1982), NPHC is become members. comprised of eight national fraternalorganiz ations (four for men and four for women). While all the organiza­ lnterfraternityIns titute (IFI) tions are held to be interracial in character, the mem­ Organized in 1969, IFI is the only training program bership of each is predominantly black. The purpose of of its kind for professionals in the fraternity field. A NPHC is to consider questions and problems of mutual week-long program of lectures, study, and interchange interest and to make recommendations. of ideas and views, IFI is co-sponsored by the NIC and Indiana University. IFI is attended by approximately Undergraduate lnterfraternlty Institute (UIFI) 75 fraternity/sororityad visors and fraternity profession­ Sponsored by NIC, these week-long interactive con­ als based upon an application and selection process. ferences are directed toward undergraduate chapter A limited numberof scholarships,provided in large part and Greek system officers. Programming by Greek by fraternities and their foundations, are available to professionals focuses onleade rshipis sues. Greek advisors.

National lnterfraternityConfer ence (NIC) Organized in 1909, NIC is an associationof 63 men's general fraternities. The executive and ad­ ministrative power of NIC betweenannual meetings is vested in the officers. The central office of the NIC (overseen by the executive director) provides services through information, reports, releases, and correspon­ dence, in addition to the Interchange program. In 1974 NIC establisheda categoryof associate membership for those persons and companies that provide services and products to general fraternities. Foundation mem­ bership is open to the educational foundations and en­ dowment funds of NIC and NPC members fraternities. The NIC office is in Indianapolis,In diana.

National lnterfraternity Foundation (NIF) Incorporated in 1942, NIF seeks to promote the wel­ fare of the college fraternity system, disseminate infor­ mation aboutco llege fraternities, and cooperate with colleges and fraternities in achieving national objec-

25 may reinforce what you say and do and therefore add Acronyms to your credibility; they may teach you new ideas and skills to apply to your population. Listed below are the letter abbreviations of many organizations with which fraternities are connected. Tipsfor Identifying Resource Persons AFA Associationof Fraternity Advisors Make a list of national officersand/or headq uarters CAE Certified Association Executive staffs within reasonable distance from your campus. CAS Council for the Advancement of Ask each chapter advisor to submit the names and ad­ Standards dressesof current or former national officers living in CFEA College FraternityEd itors Association your area. Keep a card file of these persons. From the CSCF Center for the Study of the College titles they held in the fraternity, you can usually surmise Fraternity what areas of expertisethey may have. The skills at FEA Fraternity Executives Association making presentations vary, so a lunch meeting to dis­ IFC lnterfraternity Council (campus level} cussa topic may be a goodpr elude to an invitation to IFI lnterfraternityIns titute speak to your students. MAPCA Mid-American Panhellenic Council Obtain and keep a copy of the program from the re­ Association gional IFC and Panhellenic associations' annual con­ MIFCA Mid-American lnterfraternity Council ferences as well as AFA's annual conference. Keep Association programs from state days, national meetings such as NA CHS National Association of College Honor ACPA and NASPA, and other conferences. Scanthem Societies for program titles of interest and the names of presen­ NASPA National Association of Student ters. Before inviting presenters, you may want to check Personnel Administrators with the program chair of the meeting to get some eval­ NAWDAC National Association of Women uation and feedback on their quality. Deans, Administrators and Counselors Check with your NPC Area Advisor for the names of NEIFC Northeast lnterfratemity Conference resource persons she may know in the area. NEPC Northeast Panhellenic Conference Contact your colleagues in union programming, resi­ NIC National lnterfraternity Conference denceli fe, women's programs, student activities, and NIF National lnterfraternityFou ndation so forthfo r the names of personswho have addressed NPC NationalPanhellenic Conference their associationsand groups (ACUI, NACA, ACUHO, NPHC National Pan-Hellenic Council etc.). Most presenters canea silyadapt materialto a PFA Professional FraternityAssoc iation Greek perspective. This will have the advantage of PHC Panhellenic Council(campus level) helping you network with theseoffices and may result SEIFC Southeast lnterfraternityConfe rence in co-sponsorships that will reduce costs. SEPC Southeast Panhellenic Conference UIFI Undergraduate lnterfraternityIns titute Western Regional Greek Conference Interchange WRGC

Interchange is a comprehensive year-round pro­ The definition and role of those associations with gram of services available to an lnterfratemity or which theGr eek advisor will most frequently interact Greek council. Sponsored by the National lnter­ are outlined below. fratemity Conference, Interchange provides members with a variety of resources, including the 125-page Associationof FraternityAdvis ors (AFA) Resource Manual, 800-entryDir ectoryof Resource Organized in 1976, AFA is a professional associa­ Files, Self-Appraisal, Campus Commentarynewsle t­ tion primarilyfo r those withre sponsibility for advising ter, and the lnterlratemityDirectory. Publications and undergraduate college socialfr aternitiesand sororities. videos provide programming ideas and activities in the Its purpose is to foster mutualsup portand promote the following areas: rush, alcohoVrisk management, exter­ advancementof the collegefrate rnity. The executive nal/internalre lations, membership development, and administrative power of AFA between annual health issues, values and ethics. Interchange mem­ meetings is vested in the officers. Approximately bers may also request on-site rush consultation and/or 700campus frate rnity professionals belongto AFA. fraternity system evaluation. Furtherin formation can The AFA Perspective is the official publication. be obtained from the NIC office.

24 Use the manual as a reference for all NPC informa­ Pledge books. Ask each chapter president to bring tion, including the Unanimous Agreements, resolutions, you a copy of their pledge or associate member book. and programming suggestions. The subject areas are This is not a private publication. From it you will learn easily found with the detailed table of contents and the aboutthe particular national organization, traditions, tabular format. Specific areas of reference include the and expectations for new members. The exercises and development of a Panhellenic constitution, rushpr oce­ activities some include may be adapted for use with dures, extension, and officer training. other groups. These may include explorations of per­ CSCF Bicentennial Monograph on College Fra ter­ sonal goals, why beinga national group is of value, nities. The mission of the Center for the Study of the and what makes a good member. Ofteninspir ational College Fraternity is to encourage and support high material on the ideals and values of fraternity is includ­ quality, significantstudy and research on the role of the ed that may be useful in writing speeches and remarks. fraternity and sorority in higher education. Further, the Using a quote from their open creed in a speech can center will establish and maintain such publications as endear you to a group. may be required to fulfill this mission and will provide Officermanuals. Some manuals are verywell writ­ for the education and fraternal community a compre­ ten and contain excellent ideas and organizational ma­ hensive libraryof such information. terials.Agai n, ask your officers to bring by such materi­ Robert's Rules of Order. The latest version (in als as they think may be goodto share. If you hear of a handy paperback form) of this classic guide to parlia­ particularpr ogram or handbook, discuss it with the na­ mentarypr ocedure is essentialin order to answer in­ tional staff personvisiting and request a specific copy quiries regarding correct actions. for a specific purpose. Offer to return it after you have A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human read it or to pay for it. Rememberthese generous ex­ Relations Tra ining. This handbook contains structured changes when you producedocume nts you feel good experiences designed to promote varied learningexpe­ about, and send copies to the national offices. riences to be useful in a range of training designs. Ex­ IFC and Panhellenicpublica tions. At regional con­ periences are identified by topic area, from acquain­ ferences, collectcopie s of publicationsof other cam­ tance-ice breakers to team building to communica­ puses. Writefor copiesof reportstha t seempert inent. tions. They are easily adapted to Greekgroups. Edited No one feels compelled to send materialsto people by J. William Pfeiffer and John Jones, there are 13 vol­ they think are just filling up a shelf. If you have a legiti­ umes of experiences, each handbook beingfro m mate need for the information, conveytha t to your col­ 125-1 60 pages, paperbound. They are available from league and you will likely get a positive response.Off er UniversityAssociates Publishers, 7596 Eads Avenue, to reimbursethe person forthe cop ying and postage LaJolla, CA 92037. expense. The Annual Handbook for Group Fa cilitators. The Videos •Annual" contains current collections of structured ex­ periences, instruments, lecturettes, theoryand practice Thepast several years have seena dramatic in­ papers, resources, bibliographies, and book reviews. crease in the number of programming resources avail­ Publishedsinc e 1972, each is from 288 to 304 pages, able in video form. A comprehensive list is not possible paperbound. Great lecturette material is contained in in this publication; however, you may write to any of the each volume and the topics are very pertinent to stu­ following for a list of the videosav ailable for purchase: dent groups. Contact University Associates Publishers, NIC, NPC, BACCHUS, MIFCA/MAPCA, and fraternity/ 7596 Eads Avenue, LaJolla, CA 92037 for these and sorority headquarters. Many of the NIC and NPC other training and human relations materials. groups have producedvide o programming and have been very generous in sharingit with Greekadv isors. Manuals Each national fraternity and sorority publishes a People Resources variety of officerhand books and manuals as well as pledge or associate books. These often contain excel­ "There must be somebody else who can do this for us!" lent ideas and information. They are costlyto repro­ ·An expertis someonewho knowsthe same thi ngs duce, however. Therefore, your writing to all headquar­ you do, but is from more than 50 miles away.· ters and asking for "everythingyou have on leadership" Using resources from outsideyou r office will add to is probably ill-advised. your programs and services. They may supplement your already too small staff;they may say things that you had best not say (because then they leave); they

23 doing. The shortess ays reproduced from magazines white glossy to the magazinefor possible use. Review lookat trends and broader issues. chapter capsules from other schoolsto lookfor new ideas for philanthropies, theme parties, and Greek ac­ Fra ternal Law. This newsletteris published four tivities and programming. Most editors are eager for times a year by the law finnof Manley, Burke, and feedback, so take a minute to jot a memo to the editor Fischer, 225 W. CourtSt. , Cincinnati, OH 45202 if you see something of note. (5131721 -5525). Individual subscriptions are available for $12 a year; bulk rates are also available. Use this Books publication to stay abreast of current legal issues; share Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. it with chapter officers and advisors to help them under­ Edited by Jack L. Anson and RobertF. Marchesani, Jr., stand the ramifications of their actions and decisions. the 20th editionwas published in 1991 by the Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. in Indianapolis, Indiana. PH Fa ctor. This bulletin is published twice a year by Baird's is an invaluable resource. It contains a con­ the National Panhellenic Conference. Subscription in­ cise historyof the college fraternity movement in Amer­ quiriescan be directedto the NPC office, 3901 W. 86th ica. It lists college campuses and, for each campus,the St., Suite 380, Indianapolis, IN 46268 (317/872-3185). men's and women's social, professional, honor, recog­ A two-year subscription for ten copies is $15.00, and nition, service, and inactive fraternities with the appro­ bulk rates are available. Use it for new ideas on Pan­ priate year of chartering (and closing). The manual hellenic programming and activities from other cam­ contains a brief biographical sketch of each fraternity puses. The National Panhellenic Conference also pub­ including a facsimile of the active badge and pledge or lishes Viewpointtwic e a year; it is provided to college associate pin, a one-paragraph history, explanation of and university leaders. governance, traditions and insignia, publications, funds and philanthropies, and a list of the chapters (by chap­ Regional associa tion/conference newsletters. The ter name and school) in date order of chartering. The regional associations (SEPC, SEIFC, NEPC, NEIFC, NIC, NPHC, and NPC member fraternities and sorori­ MIFCA, MAPCA, and WRGC) publish periodic news­ ties are listed, as well as miscellaneousoth er nation­ letters with articlesand information of interest to their als. There is alsoa sectionon "fraternities that are memberschools. These are includedwith the associa­ no more." tion dues; contactthe appropriate executive directorfor Useit to familiarizeyou rself with the historyand tra­ furtherin fonnation. ditions of a particular nationalbefore visiting a chapter function. For office publicationsand for IFC/Pan­ Fraternityand Sorority National Magazines hellenicJNPHC, one can list the chapter names, colors, The national magazinesof all of your chapters flowers, philanthropies, and other national data without should be received by your office. In exchange you gathering it from each separate chapter. Correspond­ should arrange for your collegeor university alumni ence from heirs or found jewelry can be matched with magazine to be sent to each of their headquarters. And names of formeror existing nationals by using the in­ you will certainly want to send a copy of your own sys­ dex. If you are intending to visit a campus,you can get tem's newsletter or newspaperto each of the national an idea of the chapters present from the campus list­ offices. Once you have read the magazines, circulate ing. The limitation is that this volume is only as current them to your IFC/Panhellenic'BlackGr eek/Greek coun­ as the year of publication and is reissuedjus t every cils, and display them for others to peruse.Non-Gr eeks decade or so. Your campuslibr aryshould also have a are often quite surprised and impressed with these copy in the referencearea. publications. Use them to lookfor articlesof interest to keep in National Panheflenic Conference Manual of Inform ­ your resource files. Read the chapter summarysent in ation. The NPC manual, known to many as "the green by your campuschapter (sometimes interesting fiction­ book,• was revisedin 1990 with the 12th edition. It al accounts of accomplishments!). If your chapter sel­ may be purchased from the NPC central office for dom contributes, follow up with the chapter on the $12 per copy. If your office has a previous edition, you value of appearingin the magazine for goodalumni re­ will want to order the updated version. The Greek ad­ lations. Send press releases of major honors and visor, Panhellenic officers, and the Panhellenic council awards. If a goodqu ality photo of a chapter event or will benefit from this manual. Additional publications member appears in your campusne wspaper, you will and promotional materials can also be ordered from endear yourself to the editor by sending a black and the NPC office.

22 each fall. Extra copies for your secretary, IFC, Panhel­ ments and news of AFA, it also reprints news items, lenic, etc., may be ordered from the National Inter­ summaries of meetings and programs, and coming fraternityConfe rence at a cost of $20 for Interchange events. (Correspondence regarding the newsletter schools or $30 for non-member schools(NIC, 3901 W. should be sent to the editor, MaryPe nrod, University 86th St., Suite 390, Indianapolis, IN 46268). of Missoul'H:;olumbia, S102 Memorial Union, Colum­ Updated and published annually, the directorycon­ bia, MO 65211, 314/882-4630). Subscriptions are part tains over 800colleg e/university campuseswith Greek of AFA membership and inquiries should be directed to organizations; lists presidents, chief student affairs offi­ the AFA Secretary, M. Carolyn McFarland, University of cers, fraternity advisors, sororityadvi sors, and presi­ Denver, 2050 Evans Ave., #036, Denver, CO 80208. dents of IFC, IGC, Panhellenic, NPHC councils, and Use the newsletter to stay abreast of issues and alumni IFCs; and contains headquarters information for possible problems that may eventually arrive on your all NIC, NPC, and NPHC fraternities and sororities. campus. It informs you of associationactiv ities, includ­ Use it to seek out resource persons in your area, to ing how to get involved, how to submit programs for problem-solve with advisors at like institutions, to find the annual meeting, and association positions on vari­ rides or roommates for conferences, to networkfor ous issues. Circulate it to your student affairs col­ placement opportunities.Th ough our titles differ widely, leagues and your IFC, PHC, NPHC, and Greek council this directoryenables you to target that person at an­ officers. There is no index, so you may find it useful to other school who has a Greek responsibility. This direc­ put a brief list on the front comer of items that you think tory is also useful to you or your colleagues when try­ are of special interest. As you review past issues look­ ing to get other student activities information. ing for something, you can just scan your own "index" notes. Fra ternity-Sorority Directory. This is published annu­ ally by the Fraternity Executives Association.Copies for Campus Commentary. Te n annual issues are pub­ IFC, Panhellenic, and your secretary'sdesk may be lished by the National lnterfraternityConf erence; they ordered through FEA for $12.50 each (Lambda Chi contain positive, "good news" on Greek systems as Alpha, 8741 Founders Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268). well as leadership tips, fraternity tends, and program­ This guide contains the fraternity and sororityhead­ ming ideas. Interchange schools receivefo ur copies quarters address, telephone number, and fax number, which are sent to the IFC/Greek council president, along with the central office staff names and titles and Greek advisor, college or university president, and the national president'sname, address, and phone chief student affairsofficer. One to ten copiesare number. Also included are founding dates, colors, $7 each for Interchange members and $40 for single flowers, thename of the magazine, and the number subscriptions to non-members. Use it by sharing it with of active chapters,colonie s, and total initiates. The staffand student officers.It will keep you informed on date and location of each group's national convention national fraternity activities. is listed as well. Other items of interest are the officers/staffof the CSCF Upda te. This is a periodicpubl ication of the FEA, CFEA, NIC, NPC, NPHC, AFA, CSCF, BAC­ Center for the Study of the College Fraternity. Direct CHUS, NIF, PFA, Order of Omega, Baird's Manual inquiries to CSCF, 30 Memorial Union, Indiana Univer­ Foundation, and NASPA. It's a veritable who's who. sity, Bloomington, IN 47405. Use it as a valuable guide The FEA Statements of Position on Alcohol, Campus to past work and a good challenge for defining re­ Conferences and Workshops, Campus Recognition, search projectsof your own. It is aboutthe only place DryRush, Expansion Presentations, Fundamentals you will find references for researchtha t is being done, of Rushing, and Hazing and Pre-Initiation Activities particulartytheses and dissertations. are included. Headquarters are also indexed by geographic location. lnterfra temity Bulletin. This newsletteris published This directory is usedprimar ily to get correspon­ monthly, September through May, by the National dence and callsto the right source. If you are traveling, lnterfratemity Foundation. Single subscriptions are note headquarters in the area and stop by! $10 for the year, and bulk rates are available. Some theme issuesare done, as well as reprints of items Newsletters from national fraternity/sorority magazines. Subscrip­ AFA Perspective. This the official publication of the tion information can be obtainedfrom NIF, 3901 W. Association of FraternityAdv isors, Inc. It is published 86th St., Suite 380, Indianapolis, IN 46268.Use it to eight times a year. In addition to articles, announce- provide goodquo tes for speeches or letters you are

21 Resources by Barbie Tootle, The Ohio State University

Maintaining a Resource Library Grades and Academic Records If you compile and/or keep academic records of stu­ As you accumulate a variety of resource materials dents and of the chapters, be certaintha t you have an from multiple sources, it is increasingly important to established office policy on their availability that is con­ organize them effectively. sistent with the privacy policies of the institution. Pol­ icies on all office files should be a regular partof staff Archives training (including student staff) so that errors in judg­ You will quickly run out of room in your office, so ment are not made. Limited accessfiles may all be check with the campus archivist for hints and policies kept in one location or in color-coded folders, calling on what to keep. You will be asked for historical sup­ attention to their control. port for charterings, house dedications, past honors ... even old rosters. Organize the files by chapter and re­ Judicial and DisciplinaryFlies tain them according to an established campus reten­ With the campusjudi cial office, set up a system for tion schedule. If the schoolis reluctant to retain re­ the retention of files. Be clear on the policies as to who cords, contact the national organizations about trans­ may see the file. ferring old files. All lnterfraternity, Panhellenic, Black Greek, and Photo Archives Greek council minutes, documents, rosters, and publi­ Many pictures are taken for publications, chapter cations should be kept in date order in a reliable spot slide shows, rushpr esentations, and so forth.Ca refully for historic value. captionand number each photo and slide, and store them in protective pages. These may be checked out Articles and Handouts for chapter shows. The school paper, yearbook, or lo­ Set up loose-leaf binders or file foldersby topic, cal party-candidpho to vendor, as well as the chapters, from •Alcohol Programs• to "Hazing·to "Theftin the can be solicitedto contribute to the photo archive. This House," and filearticles , clipping, andhandouts by eliminates taking newpho tos each year of houses, let­ subjectar ea. Staff and students canpho tocopywhat ters,or specialeve nts, and eventually provides a good they want at their own expense. retrospective.

Chapter Files Statistics Chapter files contain all correspondence with the Numbercruncher s increasingly want statistical infor­ chapter, its national organization, and notations on con­ mation on your system. Keep like statistics each year ferenceswith the officers. Borrow a format from your and thereby build a data base. Keep a one-page hand­ campusaca demic advisors who usually handwrite out of frequently requestedstat istics updated and avail­ notes on each conference, with a date, inside the able for distribution (e.g., to chapter consultants). folder. Oftenimport ant business is transacted in person or by telephone, and a written record is lost. At a mini­ Workshop and Retreat Designs mum, make a notation in the folder; preferably follow Arrange binders bytopic from "Rush Counselor up the talk with a memo to confirm actions to be taken Workshop•to "Treasurers'Se minar"fo r readyrefer­ or decisionsag reed upon.Ha ve a policy as to who can ence by officers or staff who will be conducting the see this file.You may need to limit this to your essential workshops/retreats; include activities, exercises, instru­ professional staff and the current president of the ments,and outlinestha t apply. chapter. Annually purge the files of routine correspondence The Advisor's Bookshelf of littlehis toricval ue ("Thanks for the dinner"or other courtesycorr espondence). If you are lucky enough to Directories have space for multiple years within the active file, use lnterfratemity Directory . This is publishedann ually a brightly-colored sheetof paperto designate the end by the National lnterfratemity Conference with the of the academic year to facilitate searches. Association of Fraternity Advisors and the National Panhellenic Conference. A complimentarycopy arrives

20 The Relationship of the Greek Advisor with Fraternity National/International Headquarters

Introduction ...... 29

Philosophical Differences ...... 29

Expansion ...... 29

Communication ...... 30

Appendix ...... 31 reach the president and executivedi rector of the frater­ of the institution to benefit the individual student and, in nity? Has the advisor been a member of a headquar­ tum, the fraternity. ters staff? Doesthe advisor have the time and/or re­ sponsibility to follow up with the chapter? Can the advi­ sor make available certain statistics (e.g., information on scholarship, finances, policy, and relevant trends) about the chapter and Greek community? What ser­ vices are available to chapters from campusre­ sources? Is the advisor knowledgeable about these? Is the advisor willing to assist the chapter in making con­ tact with these resources? What assistance and skills is the advisor willing to offer? What are the expectations by Greek advisors of vis­ iting fraternity officials? Most Greek advisors expect the following: prior notice and planning with an advance letter and schedulingof an appointment, proper timing, adequate background preparation, a follow-up report, participation in workshops, open dialogue, support of the IFC and the university, invitation of the Greek advi­ sor to chapter activities, professionalism, a communi­ cation of the Greek advisor's concerns to the chapter (without violating confidences), a working (not a public relations) visit, attendance at a leadership class and/or an IFC meeting, interaction more frequently than once a year, a realization that a poorvisi t causes the chapter to suffer, and a meeting with the chapter executive committee.

Conclusion

TheGr eek advisorshoul d expect communication, cooperation, and coordination from the fraternity na­ tional headquarters.Both victories and concerns should be communicated directly to the fraternity's headquarters via the executivedi rector/vice president. A response from the fraternity should be expected, if such is requested. Each fraternityhas an identified leadershipand communications structure in place, ready to assist when calledupon. In the same way, fra­ ternitylaws , policies,and programs are available. It is thesegu idelines that should be appliedto a particular chapter. Advice from the fraternity headquarters on how to obtain this information and how to educate the chapter in implementing it canbest be offered by the fraternity professional staff. Likewise, it is important that the Greek advisor have regular communication with and a certain rapportwith chapter advisors who are often appointed by the general fraternity. These offi­ cials, along with the professional staff,offer sk ills, knowledge, and a willingnessto serve the chapter. Those representing the general fraternity and the Greek advisorseek the same goal-a partnership that strives for the enhancement of the educational mission

28 not be offered by limited resources and capabilities. ship development, fraternitypol icy, financial manage­ The fraternity is in the fraternity business. It is designed ment, and general deportment.The Greek advisor pro­ to enhance the growth and accomplishment of its vides valuable insight into each of these areas; how­ membership. This effort is strengthened by the sup­ ever, the consultantshould arrive in the advisor's office portingrole of volunteer leadership. However, services only after doing sufficientresear ch and talking to the can be limited by geographic proximity to the chapters. chapter. A consultant should not expect the advisor to The professional staff and volunteers must work with reportin formation which is already available to the fra­ certain constitutional guidelines as well as the basic ternity headquarters. Current events, attitudes, and philosophy of their particular fraternity. All fraternities future expectations canbe discussed as well. provide an environment in which undergraduate mem­ bers can strivefo r excellence in meeting the ideals of The Successful Chapter Visit the fraternity. Although setbacks do occur, as expected, Obviously the successful visit is one where pre - plan­ the opportunityto try is basic to the educational pro­ ning and preparation by both the fraternity official and cess. Fraternities' greatest strength is the shared the university advisor is apparent. For instance, a con­ mission with colleges and universities where they are sultant should move through three stages: 1) prepara­ represented. tion, 2) visit, and 3) follow-up. The first requires home­ work and research in order to anticipate problems and Role of the Volunteer develop expectations. Reviews of a two-yearfile and The role of volunteers should be emphasized. They reportsof previous visits,a conversation with the su­ are the backbone of success for the fraternity whether pervisor ofch apter services, and research on size, pro­ on a chapter, regional, national, or international level. grams, history, and recent chapter awards should be The fraternity does not have sufficientfunds to buy the completed before visiting the campus. Secondly, while services of the caliber of men that assist fraternities on campus the consultant should get the facts and en­ today. These officers are experienced and successful courage chapter officers to think beyond their termsof in all walks of life. Through the fraternities' boards, re­ office or experience in the chapter. The consultant gional supervisors, chapter advisors, or other appoint­ should meet with the executivecomm itteeand attend a ed officers, immediate and responsible volunteeras sis­ chapter meeting as well as a pledgeor associate mem­ tance and guidance can be provided any chapter or of­ bermeeti ng. Thenshould come mee tings with the ficers requesting help with chapter problems. In addi­ Greekadvisor, the IFC president, and alumni advisors. tion, each chapter is encouraged to enlist the support It might also be helpful tomeet with membersof other and assistance of alumni in its community. Theirefforts fraternities and non-Greeksto obtaina fullview of how should be closely associated with those of the profes­ the fraternity is perceived on thatcampus. The consul­ sional staff, available programs, and publishedmate ri­ tant should not only •carrythe flag,• butals o provide als. To tap the volunteer resource, ask chapter officers sound adviceand direction. Thirdly, the consultant or contact the professionalstaff who can identify alum­ should follow up on recommendations with a report ni in your area. soonafter the visit,and the Greek advisorshould be copied. Letters andthank -you notes should be pre­ Mutual Expectations pared in a timely manner. Several months after the visit, progressof the chapter should be checked. Just as fraternities varyin their direction, size, and organization, Greek advisors vary widely in their expe­ Information Exchange rience with fraternities and the responsibility allocated When visiting with the Greek advisor, the consultant to them by the university for the Greek community. A will be interested in an exchange of information and will description of the particular situations unique to a uni­ be eager to know the fraternaland educational back­ versity Greek advisor and to the fraternity staff member ground of the Greekad visor. What is the attitude of the or volunteer should be offeredto each other early in a host institution in regard to the Greekcommuni ty? discussion together. The general fraternity expects cer­ Does the advisorwork with both men's and women's tain things from the chapter; the Greek advisor, being fraternities? Is he or she a memberof AFA? Has the much closer to the chapter (as measured by distance advisor attended anystate or regional Greek confer­ and ongoing communication on a campus), is able to ences?Ha s he or she attendedthe lnterfratemity Insti­ be of great assistance in acquiring and providing infor­ tute? How long has the person been at the institution? mation. The general fraternity expectsthe chapter to Is the advisor aware of alumni volunteers working with develop in the arE:a of scholastic achievement, leader- the chapter? Doesthe advisorknow or know how to

27 The Role of Fraternity Headquarters by Jonathan J. Brant, CAE Executive Vice President, National lnterfraternity Conference

The Advantages of a General Fraternity Resources Resources available from the headquarters are nu­ The reasons for a fraternity affiliation are the syner­ merous. The most noteworthyis personnel who pro­ gistic benefits provided by the larger organization. vide expertise in goal setting, problem solving, and Some believe the strength and stature of general fra­ general counsel. They caneffe ctivelyassess the inter­ ternity affiliation is essentialto the survival of a chapter. relationships involving the individual and the chapter There is immediate, international recognition for the in­ and provide interpretations of laws, policies, and proce­ dividual and the chapter. Rush support,a heritage and dures. Available programming spans topics from scho­ a written history, songs and a songbook, proven mem­ lastic achievement to job interviewing, alcohol aware­ bership educationpr ograms, adjacent chapter rela­ ness to etiquette, and new member recruitment to tions, a supervisorysyste m, financial counseling, gen­ member education. Printed information comes in man­ eral convention and conclaves, scholarships and uals, brochures, and general correspondence. Histori­ awards, fraternity magazine for a lifetime, alumni asso­ cal r&cords in the headquarters allow for thoughtful de­ ciation contacts, badge, ritual and heraldry, as well as a cision making based on precedent and tradition. Fra­ central office and membership servicece nter all con­ ternity laws, policies, and procedures are included in tribute to the value of the general fraternity. educational conferences (often known as leadership, regional, and general conventions). Very popular today Professional Staff are videotapes available from fraternities and the NIC The need for a professional staff arose from the officeon many topics including membership recruit­ tremendous popularity and growthof fraternities. The ment, risk management issues and solutions, health Baird's Manual of American College Fra ternities con­ issues, and fraternity promotion. firms, "The great increase of campuses on which fra­ ternities and sororitiesar e functioning withthe resultant Organlzatlonal Structure increase in membershipactivities made central offices andsupervisory staffs essential .• Tod ay, professional Thestructu re and organizational arrangement of fra­ staff members are oftenspecial ists in areas of chapter ternity headquarterscan not be generalized. Frater­ services, expansion, riskmanagement, and alumni nities have varied origins,length of history, number of relations. When you contact the fraternityoffice it will chapters, lines of authority, size of staffand headquar­ be helpful to focusyo ur question or messagefor the ters, locations, and buildings. There is no typicalfrater­ specificpers on responsible.The key interfratemitydi­ nityheadq uarters.Some are self-sufficient in their cap­ rectories identify staffmember titles and areas of re­ abilities while other officesdo much of their work out­ sponsibility. This will make the most efficient use of of-house. Some own their buildings; others rent. In your time when communicating with fraternity staff. some fraternities the executive officer'sre sponsibilities may be those of an employee, a volunteer, or a combi­ Services nation of the two. Some organizations have traveling The headquarters, which had their beginnings in a field staff while others have none. Otten the undergrad­ modest fashion, now handle numerous business activi­ uate body is the ultimate authority. A board of members ties such as maintaining membership recordsand mail­ is elected for the directionof policy between meetings ing lists, issuing various publications, preservinghi stori­ of the undergraduate body,and in most cases, a pro­ cal material,checki ng the financial operations of under­ fessionalstaff memberor administrator is hired to han­ graduate chapters, arranging for conventions and confer­ dle day-to-day activities. In tum, responsibility for re­ ences, issuing reports of national officers, directing the portingand authoritymove back through this structure traveling staff, participating in interfratemity activities, to the undergraduates. It is the fraternity that grants the and taking care of a wide array of communications. As charterto the chapter. serviceorgan izations, the headquarters striveto improve the qualityof progress toward their fraternal goals and Supporting Role the standards of efficiency in chaptermanagement. This The headquarters cannot be all things to all people is an everydaychal lenge to fraternity leaders. as much as it may wish to be. Limitless services can-

26 The Role of Sorority Headquarters

Structure ...... 33 National Regional and Province Advisors and House Corporation Board Members Chapter Consultants Graduate Counselors

Campus Visits ...... 34

Expectations by the National Organization of the Greek Advisor ...... 34

Contacts ...... 34

Conclusion ...... 35 a pledge/associate member meeting, a house corporation meeting, and/or an alumni/ae associ­ ation meeting. They canals o attend the Panhel­ lenic or lnterfraternity Council meetings. These meetings can be formalor informal, and ques­ tions regarding the chapter'ssta ture as well as information pertaining to the nationaVinternation­ al organization should be asked of the consul­ tant. Puthim or her on the spot. That's what they're educated to handle. 6. Request any pertinentin formation you believe will help your chapter afterthe consultant has left.Ask for a copyof the reportthat the consul­ tant will file with the national office. They all file reports,and there should be no reason that they cannot share most of the information with you and the chapter. If there is no feedback given you by the consultant, then the visit has been vir­ tually a waste. Again, I urge you to use the visit of your consultant to the best advantage possiblefor your chapter. They are trained professionals and are willing and excited to help your chapter if you will only give them the opportu­ nity to do so. They are not always here to party-that can come at the conclusion of a successful visit. Best of luck and do see me if you have any questions regarding this matter. xc: chapter advisors

32 up to the Greek advisorto give a true picture of the 15 percent from pledgingfees, and about 15 percent chapter's condition. The Greek advisor should also from undergraduate dues. The additional operating in­ help in educating the chapters regarding the chapter come is from miscellaneous sources such as endow­ consultants'visit s. A sample memo to chapter presi­ ments, and less than five percent comes from dents follows this chapter. alumnVae dues. (Please note that these figures will Following are a few reasons for contacting the head­ varyfrom national to national). quarters of a particular fraternity or sorority: the group Plainly, you-the undergraduates-payfor your has won major competition on campusor in the com­ national. The staff is there becauseof you. They are munity; the group has excelled in scholastics; the there for you, so you might as well take advantageof group has excelled in intramurals; the group has them. One of the best ways to see what national is all played a major role in a project or program; individual about is when the chapter consultant or field secretary members have excelled in something; there is a prob­ comes to town. You should keep them so busy that lem with the chapter's physical structure; enough mem­ they will be glad to leave so they canhave a rest at bers of the chapter have been involved in a negative their next chapter! You pay their salaries, so it is of no situation that it reflects poorly on the entire house; haz­ use to you to have them come to town just to party or ing or drugs canbe documented; the chapter member­ talk football, etc. ship has fallen to a critical point (when compared to It is also of no use to try to "snow" the consultants other groups on campus); chapter finances are critical; and attempt to make them think you're doing better or you recognize a situation that you believe should than you are. Theyare professionals and can usually have the national's attention. As far as the nationaV see rightthrough tt. Be prepared for their visit. You nor­ international offices are concerned, no news is bad mally knowweeks in advance that they are coming, so news. Keep them informed! If they hear from you only that gives you time to startsome groundworkin prepa­ in times of crisis or emergency, then cooperation may ration for the visit. Below are some suggestions to help not comeas readily. Your interests and those of the you prepare for a visit from a staff member of your headquarters are the same-the development of the fraternity/sorority headquarters. undergraduate Greek chaptersto their fullest potential. 1. Have all your chapter records up to date. This Remember, you are the headquarters' best liaison.You includes a membership roster of bothactives work with their groups every day. Communicate! and pledges/associates/new members. 2. Have all your financial records up to date. The Appendix consultant will want to review your financial books.You should have a list of accounts Sample Memo to Chapter Presidents payable and receivable and know exactly where Regarding Visits by Consultants your chapter stands financially. 3. Have all chapter programsin writing. This TO: Chapter Presidents includes the pledge/associate memberprogram, alumni/ae relations, public relations, community FROM: LarryLu nsford service, membership involvement, scholarship, membership education, and other national or SUBJECT: Suggestions for handling visits from localpr ograms. fraternitynation al/international chapter 4. In advance, notify the chapter members and consultants or field secretaries alumni/ae advisors that the consultant has a pending visit to your chapter. In writing have ap­ Having been a memberof a fraternity stafffor two pointments scheduledwith the following people: years,I cannow fully understand both negative and the president, vice president(s), membership positive attitudeswh ich are extended by chapters to­ chairman, treasurer, secretary, pledge or associ­ wardtheir national/international headquarters. Many ate membereduca tor, alumnVae advisor, alum­ times these negativefee lings are caused by a lack of ni/ae relations coordinator, ritualist, public rela­ communicationbetwee n the chapter and the fraternity tions and fund-raising chairs, and the Greek leadership, or they are just an attitude that has been advisor. Have a written itineraryready to give to passeddown over the years. the consultantupon his or her arrival in town. Your national headquarters normally exists from 5. Have several meetings set up for the consultant. funds received from undergraduates. About 30 percent Most likely, he or she will want to meet with your of the operating budget comes from initiation fees, executive council and attend a chapter meeting,

31 mended that each campus Greek coordinating council, sion is open. Some campuses do not have an expan­ in conjunction with its host institution, adopt a policy for sion policy and allow expansion at any time. These sit­ expansion. An attempt should be made to cooperate uations should be monitored, and hopefully the advisor with the spirit of the positions of NPC, NIC, NPHC, and will attempt to maintain some degree of control so that FEA, but we must realize that everycampus in the havoc isn't created by a rush of too many new groups United States and Canada is different, and it is not at the same time. possible to adopt one policy that will apply to all Remember that expansion is a sensitive area. In ad­ environments. vising a fraternity/sororitytha t you are not interested in Some fraternities believe that rigid expansion poli­ expansion, detail in writing the reasons for your deci­ cies are illegal and inhibit the free association of stu­ sion. Explain when you believe the system will be dents. Legal action between an institution and a frater­ ready for expansion and inform the fraternity/sorority nity could prove lengthy, expensive, and embarrassing, whether or not they will be notified when expansion is so it is hopedtha t the general cooperative spirit would open again or if they will need to reapply. Hopefully, if prevail when there are differences over expansion poli­ you have fairly a.nd accurately documented the rea­ cies. A writtenpol icy will prevent haphazard expansion sons for not allowing immediate expansion, the group decisions. will understand and not challenge your decision. If you A Greek system and the university or college admin­ have not adequately done your work, then a challenge istrator who deals with Greek advising may best deter­ may be in sight. mine when the system is ready for colonization. Guide­ lines for expansion should include the membership Communication numbers of each chapter in the system for past and current years so that a study of growth can be made. There are other areas in which mutual expectations Some fraternities believe that a new group should not exist betweenna tional/international headquarters and be allowed to colonize until all groups on a campusare their host institutions. Basically, headquarters like to be strong and competitive. This is not the case! There are kept informed-aboutev erything. Many have newslet­ instances where a group is weak and small in num­ ters and magazines and welcomearticles not only bers, when the fraternity and institution have done all about their chapter on your campusbut aboutthe they canto assistthe group, and waiting for the group whole Greeksys tem. It'sa goodway for you to get to rebuild will only inhibit growth of the system. Some­ positive,free publicity. If you have a Greek newspaper times it is betterto allow a group to die and come back or newsletter, send a copy tothe headquartersof each at a later date for recolonization. group represented on your campus. Existing groups sometimestry to stall colonization Do not hesitate to contact a headquarters when you becausethey are afraid of new groups. Oftenther e is needassis tance. If they can'thelp, theywill refer you to no better rejuvenation element than the colonization of someone who can. National/international offices have a new group. Such events put new spirit into a system excellent resource materialsthey will share withyo u. because existing groups becomeafraid that the new Many have staff members who are willing to conduct group may take itspote ntial rushees and pledges, so workshops or serve as guest speakers for you; how­ they, too,wo rk harder in rush.Fr aternities and sorori­ ever, these requests should be made far in advance. ties should be advised not to be afraid to grow. There is Some officers will pay their expenses, while others security in numbers-for finances, candidates for of­ expectre imbursement. Remember, they receive many fices and committees,and individuals for involvement requests, so understand that budgets and time con­ in the community and on campus. Even if not all straints may be factors in their acceptance. groups are as strong as they should be,col onization of Not only do headquartersexpec t contact from the a new group may stimulate the system. There are posi­ Greek advisor, but the advisorshould expectcommuni­ tive sentiments surrounding a colonization effort that cations from them. Most headquarters have a program can spread quicklyth roughout the system-even if the whereby a volunteer or professionalstaff membervis its impetus is through a negative challenge originating undergraduate chapters.You should expect this indi­ from fear of the new group. vidual to meet with you when he or she is making a When contacted by national/international headquar­ chapter visit. Use these meetings to informthe individ­ ters regarding expansion, the Greek advisor should re­ ual about the performance of the chapter as well as spond promptly and forward a copy of the institution's expectations for future progress. Oftenthese field con­ expansion policy. Inform the national/international that sultants are misled by undergraduates who want a it will be placed on a list to be considered once expan- good reportgi ven to the national/international, so it is

30 The Relationship of the Greek Advisor with Fraternity National/International Headquarters by Larry Lunsford, Florida International University

Introduction When sanctions are placed against a chapter, but recognition is not withdrawn, it is still important to have The national/international headquarters of the frater­ input from the national/international office. Mutual sup­ nities and sororitiespla y an integral role in the relation­ portis necessary tomai ntain a goodwo rking relation­ ship between Greeks and their host institutions. In fact, ship; the chapter should realize that it must answer to many institutions allow only Greek organizations that twoenti ties. Administering mutually agreed-upon disci­ are "national/international" and forbidthe existence of pline between the institution and the national/interna­ "local"frate rnities and sororities. The supportservices tional office is one means of demonstrating the cooper­ that are available through the national headquarters ation which exists betweenthe twofac tions. . are invaluable assets; both chapters and Greek advi­ Although Greek organizations are competitive by sors should take full advantage of them. Consequently, their mere existence, as well as in various other areas, the Greek advisor should establish a good working re­ this competition should remain healthy and not tum into lationship and effectiveco mmunications with the na­ ugly conflicts which result in bad public relations. The tional organizations. Their resource materials and per­ Greek advisor will find that the national/international or­ sonnel can make the advisor'sjob much easier. ganizations are also competitive to some degree, par­ ticularly in the area of expansion, but generally the pro­ Philosophical Differences fessional staffs work closely together and are coopera­ tive. On rare occasions, the advisor will encounter a sit­ Although it is essential to have a good relationship uation where a national/international officeis uncooper­ between the Greekadvisor and the national/inter­ ative in areas where there is official or understood national representatives, interaction between the two is agreement on policies and regulations. In these situa­ not always positive. Some philosophicaldiff erences tions, the advisor should attempt to workwith the head­ exist, and conflictmay occasionally arise.Ther e may quarterspersonn el. If theadvisor is convincedtha t the be situations when the policies of colleges and univer­ universityor collegeis correctin defense of its situa­ sities are in disagreementwith the nationaVinter­ tion, then that position should be definedto the na­ national's desires,and compromiseis not possible. In tionaVintemational. First and foremost authorityin this some areasthe Greek advisorand an officer will never matter rests withthe instiMion, and thatfact mu st agree. Fraternitiesoft en claim sole authority on a policy sometimes be made clear to a national/international or operating area, whereas most universities and col­ officeror staff member. These challenges are rare, but legesclaim the rightto set all rules and regulations they do occur! governing the operation of Greek organizations. Al­ though it is controversial, it is advisable for the Greek Expansion advisor to adhere to the institution's policies and at­ tempt to handle all areas of disagreementwith the One of the most controversial areas of conflict be­ national/international group in a professional manner. tween nationaVintemational headquartersand host in­ The fraternity has the sole right to revoke a chap­ stitutions is expansion. Most institutionsclaim the sole ter'scharter , although a university or collegehas the right todete rminewhen their Greek systems are ready right to revoke recognition of a chapter on itscampus to invite a new group to colonize. There is a general and to request that the national/international revoke the understandingamong the majorityof the fraternities charter and cease localoper ation. Again, since this is a that gives the institutionthis right;howe ver, in some controversial area, it is importantthat the advisorkeep instances, a fraternity will not abide by an institution's the national/international informed about disciplinary desires or policies and will colonize on a campus actionta ken against a chapter. Then, if it becomes nec­ uninvited. essaryfor a college or university to withdraw recogni­ The National Panhellenic Conference has very spe­ tion from a particular chapter, the national/international cific expansion guidelines, the National lnterfraternity will have beenadvise d that the chapter was involved in Conference has a nonbinding statement on expansion, disciplinaryac tion. and the FraternityEx ecutives Association has a related statement on the fundamentals of rushing. It is recom-

29 The National Panhellenic Conference

NPC Structure ...... 36

The "Green Book" ...... 37

Panhellenic Programming ...... 37

What Does a College Panhellenic Do Besides Rush? ...... 38

Jurisdiction of a College Panhellenic ...... 38

The Panhellenic Judicial Process ...... 38

Alumnae Panhellenics ...... 39

Sorority Rush ...... 39

Rush Infractions ...... 41

Extension ...... 41

Starting a New Panhellenic Association ...... 42

Alternate Structures ...... 42

Questionnaires ...... 42

NPC Campus Consultation Visits ...... 43

Tips for Male Panhellenic Advisors ...... 43

Tips for Non-Greek Panhellenic Advisors ...... 44

Use Your Resources ...... 44 vidual groups we cannot and do not speak for one an­ other. Means of dealing with problems differ; however, ninety-nine pe rcent of the time we act as a strong sup­ port system for each other. Each national organization operates within the frameworkof a constitution and bylaws which governs all chapters of the fraternity. To workwith the national policies of these twenty-six organizations can be chal­ lenging for the Greek advisor. It is most important that close communication be maintained between fraternity officersand the Greek advisor. Trust and confidentiality are two ofthe necessary intangibles which govern the establishment of a cooperative relationship. The sup­ port by the advisor of fraternity policies if they do not conflict with the regulations of the college Panhellenic or the university makes our work closely shared. If con­ flicts do arise, immediate contact with the president often provides just the intervention necessaryfor effec­ tive problem solving.

Conclusion

Deeply appreciative of the challenging job which the

Greek advisor assumes, the members of the twenty - six Greek women's fraternities offer cooperation in achiev­ ing shared goals, the answers to questions or concerns expressed, and a commitmentto work toward the stat­ ed purposes of our own constitutions and bylaws as well as thetenets of the National Panhellenic Confer­ ence.We share your work-thework of building more effective, successful collegest udents. They are our chapter members, butthey are your students.Wo rking together, we canacco mplish shared goals.

35 tion. Their multi-faceted job as problem solver, on-site "ally.• It is obvious that we share common goals; for all resource, idea sharer, evaluator, and fraternity repre­ concerned, cooperation is absolutely necessary. sentative is a most demanding one. The relationship Energies, talents, and resources must be used by all to which they establish with the Greek advisor can be mu­ provide the best college experience possible for the tually beneficial; to facilitate this, they should make an young people who are our members and who are your appointment with the Greek advisor soonafte r their students. arrival on campus. Understanding seems then to be the first and most importantin gredient to make this partnershipa suc­ Campus Visits cessful one. Greek organizations expect the Greek advisor to be committedto the system for which he or Often a Greek advisor's only contact with a national she is responsible. Belief that the Greek system offers organization comes with the visit of a chapter consul­ each individual opportunities for growthwhi ch can be a tant or other visiting officers. It is importanttha t the time positive adjunct to college life is essential. Good com­ spent during the scheduled meeting is quality time. munications are vital. What are the expectations of the visitor at the meeting? What questions will be asked? Generally, the consul­ Contacts tant is primarily interested in the chapter itself, its strength and its problems, and wants to get a feel for The president of each national organization is the the campus climate and the specific chapter as a part only individual who may speak for the fraternity as a of it. The visitor is interested in the strength and impor­ whole in matters involving fraternity policy. The presi­ tance of the college Panhellenic. Some specificda ta dent, together with the National Panhellenic Confer­ that may prove most helpful to any fraternity represen­ ence delegate, should be contacted on any matter tative include: statistics-the profile of the campus and involving NPC policy and the interpretation of it. The the Greek community in system growth, scholarship names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the cur­ results, rush results, and administrative attitudes-the rent presidents and NPC delegates of the twenty-six concerns of the administration regarding the major NPC groups may be found in the current fraternity­ issues of current campusli fe (i.e., hazing,univ ersity sororitydi rectory. Names and addresses of the officers policies regarding alcohol use,legal liability, and hous­ of each organization also appear in the directory sec­ ing regulations). In all cases, campusand chapter visi­ tion of each group's publication (quarterty magazine) tors want the facts. Information from the Greekadvisor, whichco mes to the Greekadvi sor'soffice. whether it be a welcome introduction, a Greek newslet­ Any questionnaire or surveyorigi nating from a stu­ ter outlining the highlights of the term, or administrative dent, faculty, or administrative group should be sent to policies on housing, hazing, and alcohol use, are all the president of the fraternity since these documents most important contactpo ints between national organi­ often ask membersto commenton fraternityand/or zations and the office of the Greek advisor. NPC policies. Information or concernsr egarding a localch apter Expectations by the National Organization should be directed to the chapter president and/orthe of the GreekAdvisor chapter advisor. Violation of rules and regulations of the college or universityshould be reported not only to The relationship between localch apters and their local membersbu t also to the national officers. national organizations varies witheve ry group. Most Know the guidelines shared by the members of the National Panhellenic Conference organizations make National Panhellenic Conference. Obtain a copy of the every effortto maintain a close workingre lationship NPC Manual of Information, current edition. Within with their undergraduates. They are NOT remote edict­ these covers, all members of NPC speak with one givers and critics. They are partners and allies. This is voice. Understand the Unanimous Agreements and also true in their relationship with Greek advisors. how they affect the localchap ters on thecampus. Words that cometo mind when a Greek advisor is Know that there are many resourceswi thin the Na­ mentioned include administrator, information source, tional Panhellenic Conference.Area advisors are ap­ professional, colleague, partner;adversary rarely, but pointed to workdi rectlywith the college Panhellenics more often ally. Beneath the levels and layers of job within their geographicalar ea and are available to help descriptions, missionstate ments, and manuals, the uponrequest. word which should describet he relationship between Remember that national officers and headquarters national organizations and Greek advisors is that of have a wide variety of styles. In matters that affect indi-

34 The Role of Sorority Headquarters by Sally Nitschke, Kappa Kappa Gamma

Structure make recommendations, and give guidance and sup­ The twenty-six Greek letter women's fraternities porton a day-to-day basis. These alumnae have ac­ which are members of the National Panhellenic Con­ cess to all current fraternity resources and are encour­ ference are national and international organizations of aged to work closely with both regional and national college women and alumnae each dedicated to the officers. purposes of their respective constitutions, to the ideals Since the undergraduate membership of the chapter expressed in their rituals, and to the precepts and the is constantly changing, property ownership and man­ agreements of the National Panhellenic Conference. agement of housing facilities are handled by alumnae who represent the members. Members of the house National corporation boards are charged with the considerable . The governing power ofeach organization rests in offi­ responsibility of propermai ntenance and financial cers elected at general conventions held each bienni­ management of the housing facility. Their concerns are um. These officers and their appointed chairmen serve to provide for the safety, comfort,and good health of as the administrative and policy-making leadership of the members within the living facility. The national fra­ each organization. In almost all cases the officers, ternities maintainclose communication with the mem­ chairmen, and committee members serveas volunteer bers of localhouse corporations, offering them re­ professionals working without pay for their organiza­ sources in their day-to-day work in areas which cover tions. These volunteers range from the national officers health and safety, remodeling and redecorating, proper to district officers to area alumnae who serveas chap­ maintenance, and employment of house directors or ter advisors and house board representatives. All re­ housemothers. source personnel maintain close contact with the na­ tional fraternity and its headquarters facility. Chapter Consultants Each organization maintains a headquarters facility Each year the national officers appointtrave ling field to serve as the operational arm of the fraternity, staffed representatives who visit thechapte rs duringthe by a paidexecutive directorand supportpersonnel to schoolyear. Althoughthey are calledby various provide archival, editorial, and communications ser­ names-fieldsecretaries, chapter consultants, field vices to all members. Foundation serviceswhich are consultants, or traveling consultants-theyall perform responsiblefor the philanthropic aspectsof each orga­ the same importantjob for their fraternity. All represent nization are also maintainedby the national headquar­ the bestof Greek life and have served as leaders in ters. Several organizations now incorporate a fraternity museum as a partof their facility. their own chapters.Field representatives have further received extensivetr aining so that they are well-versed in all areas of chapter programming and canoffer ideas Regional and Province and assistanceto each chapter visited. Consultants Most women's fraternities have been organized into are usually appointed for one schoolyear , although geographicalreg ions or districts to better serve their some servefor additional years. Each receivesa members with resources close at hand. At the regional monthly salary;expenses incu rred are paid by the na­ level, members of the area are appointed or elected to tional organization. servethe chapters and alumnae groups of the area. The officerwho works with the undergraduate chapters Graduate Counselors acts as a liaisonto the officers and chairmen of the na­ Many sororities use a graduate counselor program tional organization. This officerwo rks closely with each to assist local chapters. These counselors, graduates of the chapters; through monthly bulletins, by chapter of their own chapters, live and work with a chapter visits, in regular correspondence, and at meetings (re­ while pursuing graduate study on the campuswher e gional and national), assisting and guiding the chapters their assignedchapter is located orworking in the area in all facetsof chapter operation. while assisting the chapter. If enrolled in school, these counselors are placed at schoolswhe re they will have Advisors and House Corporation Board Members the best opportunityfor study in their chosen field. Their On the locallev el, alumnae who live in the area tuition, eitherpartial or full, is provided by the fraternity. where a r.hapter is located serve as advisors to each The role of the chapter consultants and the graduate chapter. 1 ney maintain close contact with the chapter, counselors is a most important one to each organiza-

33 The National Pan-Hellenic Council

History ...... 46

Philosophy ...... 46

Objectives ...... 46

Mission ...... 46

Organization ...... 47 Regions Campus Alumni

NPHC Services ...... 48

Position on Elimination of Pledging ...... 48 Rationale Recommendations Timetable

Directory of NPHC Affiliate Groups ...... 49 Use Your Resources

With some patience,the apparent maze of NPC and the collegiate sorority worldwill unravel. As a final word of advice, remember that help is always as close as the phone. Yo u can calla colleague, your area advisor, or a national officer. It's always helpful to get another opinion, and the sororitywomen on your campuswill benefit from the pooledresou rces you present to them.

45 you don't know it. It may seem complicated at does not have a Greek background as a collegiate, first, but stick with it-you'll get it! these policies and procedures can be even more con­ 4. Networkwith other people (both men and fusing. Butwith a littledet ennination and some reading, women) who can help you with questions. you can learnthe vocabulary andfeel confidentwith 5. Differentdoes no t mean bad (or good fortha t your role in advising the college Panhellenic. Some matter). It's just another approach to a problem. ideas to help educate yourself include the following: If you come to Panhellenic advising with only a 1. Ask to borrow a pledge manual from a sorority fraternity background, some things will seem chapter, and read it.This gives you good insights strange. Be open-minded! Be prepared to "wear into the training of new members and the types two different hats" if you advise both Panhellenic of programming that chapters are encouraged to and IFC. undertake. Thiswill also give you some famili­ 6. Develop a good working relationship with your aritywith the values promulgated by national chapter advisoryboa rds and your NPC area sororities. advisor. They are wonderfulreso urces! 2. Ta ke the time to meet one-on-onewith chapter 7. Understand (from a theoretical perspective) that presidents and with chapter alumnae advisors. the developmental needs of women are some­ Ask lots of questions and listen to their goals what different from men, and Panhellenic and concerns. Patternswill emerge and you will should attemptto address these needs. Conse­ learn about the current issuesin your sorority quently, their programs and operations might chapters. differfrom IFC. 3. Ta ke advantage of the visits of national officers and traveling chapter consultants to learn about Patrick Naessens, University of the Pacific their organizations. Don't be afraid to ask ques­ 1. Read and utilize your resources for advising tions about anything that confuses or concerns women's chapters and the Panhellenic council you. (e.g., the NPC "green book," national maga­ 4. Read thena tional magazines that are mailed to zines, chapter newsletters, etc.). your office. If you are not receiving them, you 2. Develop relations with other male Greekadvi­ canwrite to each national headquarters and ask sors.Call the Greekadvi sorat the college near to be put on theirma iling list. There is no charge you--ft's nice to have a working relationship with for the subscription. your neighbors. 5. When you arein vitedto a chapterdinner or 3. Review thearticle by JeffCu faude in the NACA meeting or a meeting of localalu mnae, attend. journalrega rding this topic ("Men Advising Pan­ They might ask you to talkabout your role in the hellenic; Women Advising IFC,• Campus Activi­ University, which won'tbe difficultto discuss, and ties Programming, October19 88,pp. 72-76). you can askto stayfo r their meeting to learn 4. Don't prejudge the National Panhellenic Confer­ more aboutthe organization. ence recommendations and Unanimous Agree­ 6. Fonn a good workingrelati onship with the NPC m&nts. Balance the old with the new, create new area advisorso that you feel comfortablepicking programs, and always do what is right for your up the telephone and callingwith a question. ca1npus. 7. Attend regional IFC/Panhellenic conferences 5. Utilize your female chapter advisors, regional and the annual AFA conference to exposeyo ur­ officers, rushadvisor s, and scholarship advisors self to workshopsand infonnation about the for guidance, direction, and resources. These Greek world, to develop a networkof supportive peoplear e on the front lines and have valuable colleagues, and to meet national sorority and fra­ experience and great resources. What works for ternitylea ders. one chapter might also work for another. Don'tgive up. In theend, you will have an advan­ 6. When all seemsto be falling apartand you need tage if you cankeep an open mind and continue to ask someoneto talk to, give me a call!! questions. You have an advantage becausethe Pan­ hellenic advisorwith a Greek affiliation brings the preju­ Tipsfor Non-GreekPan hellenlc Advisors dices and preconceivednotions of his or her college experience to the position.An open mind and the will­ It may seem like the infonnation in this chapter takes ingness to workwith the students means a lot more a lot for grantedabout the very nature of Greek organi­ than a pin on the lapel when it comesto advising zations. It is truetha t for the Panhellenic advisor who Panhellenic.

44 Questionnaires reportcan serveas a blueprint for Panhellenic improve­ ment for several years to come. Consultation visits are NPC's Unanimous Agreement V refers to Question­ not only for new or struggling Panhellenicsor tor Greek naires and Constitutions, and the Jurisdiction of a Col­ systems in crisis. Thisis a servicewhich can benefit lege Panhellenic restricts Panhellenic's right to pollits any sorority system, as there is always roomtor im­ members. These rules are not designed to prevent a provement. To arrange a consultation visit for a campus Panhellenic advisor from gettingin formation needed to Panhellenic, contactthe NPC area advisor who will put do the job effectively, but they are in place to screen you in touch with the NPC consulting team chairwoman. sororitiesfr om undesirable invasions of their privacy as organizations. Should you run into problems, the NPC Tlps for Male Panhellenic Advisors area advisor can help, and NPC has a Standing Com­ mittee on Questionnaires which can review the ques­ A male Panhellenic advisor once told of a challenge tionnaire and communicate with the national groups to early in his career. A sorority national officer asked him secure their approval. If the host institution (or a doc­ how a man could possibly be an effective Panhellenic toral candidate, for example) plans any research in­ advisor. The challenge in this statement is, unfortu­ volving sorority chapters or their members, the re­ nately, a fairly widely-held attitude, even in the 90s. For search proposal should be submitted to this committee this colleague, the challenge spurred him to learn more for review. Be aware of this requirement as you set aboutwo men's fraternities and aboutco llege women in deadlines for chapters to submit materials. They may general ...kno wledge that has made him a betterstu­ need to send a copy to a national officer for permission dent servicespr ofessional. There are several outstand­ to complete the form. ing male Panhellenic advisors acrossthe nation. One Many campuses (and some state laws) require the thing they have in commonis the willingness and the national governing documents (constitutions, etc.) to be ability to see structures and procedures in a different on file with the host institution. If your campus has this way. Sororities are not just fraternities for women; they policy, you will find the NPC organizations to be most differ from male Greek groups in a number of ways, cooperative when you write to the national headquar­ both philosophically and procedurally. ters of the group, explain why you need the document Nowhere is this differencemor e apparent than in (with a copy of the policyor law that requires itto be on membershipselection , and for the male Greek advisor file), explain how it will be storedand used, and ask who is accustomed to the informal, free enterpriseap­ them to mail a copydir ectlyto you. Maintenanceof the proach of fraternityrush , the structureof sororityformal privacy of the organizations is the goal, and they are rushcan be intimidating. Male Panhellenic advisors not attempting to hide discriminatorypolic ies or prac­ workharder to understand thereaso ns behindthe pro­ tices behind this requirement. cedures and structure, and they develop an apprecia­ tion for it in orderto be mosteffective in their positions. NPC Campus Consultation Visits Two male colleagueswho are outstanding Panhellenic advisors, have agreed to share their words of wisdom At the invitation of a campusPanhellenic Council or for men advising women's fraternities. the university, a team of NPC expertswill visit the cam­ pus to assessthe sorority system and to make sugges­ GaryBonas, Villanova University tions for changes the campus Panhellenic couldim ple­ 1. Read and believe the "green book.· It's a compi­ ment to more fully meet the needs of the chapters and lation of several hundredsof women-years of their members. The Panhellenic and/or the university experience. If you're not sure, try what the manu­ pays the expenses of the consulting team, but there is al suggests first (with an open mind). If that no fee for the consultation. Three or four women with doesn'two rk,then you might trysometh ing dif­ varied areas of expertise will meet with university ad­ ferent. Keep in mind that, with the exception of ministrators, chapter and Panhellenic leaders, and the "Unanimous Agreements,· the contents of alumnae to evaluate all aspects. They will review Pan­ the manual are suggestions, not mandates. hellenic governingdocu ments and university policies. 2. Don'tbe intimidated by some of the more experi­ They will lookat membership selection, educational enced NPC leaders-theycan be veryforcefu l at programming, riskmanage ment, and officertrai ning. At times. Develop a positive, professionalworki ng the conclusion of their visit, they will give a preliminary relationship with them and be assertive. summaryof their observations to the Panhellenic, fol­ 3. Understand exactly how Panhellenic rush works. lowed by a written reportin several weeks. The written You cannot advise this phase of Panhellenic if

43 tinue to pledge quota and the gap in total size will con­ Judicial authority-including the way in which this tinue to increase. Some campuses use the average interfaces with the campus judicial authority. size of their chapters as an indicator of the need to ex­ Dues Structure--lonies,locals, NPHC (his­ If you are considering one of these variations, con­ torically Black) sororities, special-interest national tact other campuses which utilize that structure, and sororities-these can be full or associate mem­ discussthe advantagesand disadvantages. bers of the council. Selection Of Officers-election, rotation, or a combination.

42 school and community activities, and character. Most to rush, 3) working with chapters and with rush coun­ are designed along a checklist, with room for com­ selors to make the placing of all rushees in a chapter ments. If there is no alumna who knows the rushee, everyone'shighe st priority for the week, and 4) promot­ the alumnae may release her, at which point thechap ­ ing a "sane" approach to transgressions which de-es­ ter is free to pledge her without benefit of information calates the conflictand allows problems to be ad­ from her hometown. Rusheesmay know sorority dressed quickly and without punishment. Of course, women who volunteer to write references, and the when a willful transgression of the rules occurs which rushee should provide the addresses to which these substantially affects the outcomeof rush, procedures references should be sent. It is important to let the must be in place to handle the situation. Include your rushees know that acquiring recommendations is not NPC area advisor and the NPC delegate of any soro­ their responsibility (afterall, they may not know anyone rity involved in an infraction on the copyli st for corre­ with sororityaffi liation) and that a good recommenda­ spondence regarding hearings and sanctions.Some tion does not guarantee selection by a chapter. The suggested penalties for rushin fractions are in the man­ final decision always remains with the collegiate chap­ ual, and other recommendations regarding the appro­ ter. While the process for obtaining references varies priate role of rush counselors in the handling of rush slightly from one sorority to another, in general, the infractions can be found in the 1989 NPC Resolution sororities on a campuswill contact their alumnae in the on Rush Counselors. Panhellenic and the rush coun­ rushee's hometown to get a recommendation or a re­ selors should not be acting as a "police force" to en­ lease. In order to give chapters the opportunity to do force the rules, as this kind of mistrust builds hostility this, the rush registration deadline should be well in which lasts throughout the schoolyear . Handling a advance of rush,and chapters should be provided with major rush infraction is an emotional and time-consum­ sufficientinf ormation (including hometown, high school, ing processat a time when no one can afford it. The and possibly the name of an adult reference such as a best cure is a lot of prevention. teacher or neighbor). In some partsof the country, alumnae Panhellenics Extension maintain area files on rusheesfrom their city and make those availableto alumnae who are working to obtain Many Greek systems throughoutthe countryare references. In such cases, if logisticallyposs ible, it can growing rapidly, and there may be a need to add anoth­ be helpful to providea copyof the rushee'sappl ication er NPC chapter on your campus. Procedures for exten­ to her hometown alumnae Panhellenic.The alumnae sion (alsocalled "expansion") are outlinedin thegr een are under very strictguideli nes as to thetype of infor­ book. The NPC Extension Committee is a clearing­ mation they can request on a student. The 1988 NPC housefor colleges, Panhellenics, and individualfrater­ Resolution on Contactwith Prospective Rushees and nities in thisar ea, and the NPC Chairmanof Extension Their Parents (copyav ailable from the NPC office) pro­ canbe veryhelpful to you as you undertakethis pro­ hibits alumnae from contacting potential rushees or cess. Her name and numbercan be obtainedfrom the their parents for information unless they know them NPC officeor from your area advisor. In addition, con­ personally. It clearly places the responsibility for con­ tactot her Greekadv isorsin the region who have re­ veying appropriate information regarding rushingon centlycolon ized chapters on their campuses. They can the collegiate Panhellenic. Complaints regarding alum­ share the processwith you and make suggestions. nae contact with rushees or their families should be The first step canbe the most difficult:asses sing the referred to the area advisorfor action. needfor an additionalch apter. Allow plenty oftime for discussionswith alum nae and students on this issue. Rush Infractions ThePan helleniccouncil is the appropriate group to make the decision regarding readinessof the system When you are tired and tryingto handle the emo­ to expand, but delegates should be well-educated on tional roller coaster of rush week, the last thing you this issue priorto voting. A common mistake is to wait need is an argument between chapters. Buttoo often, for all chapters to be at total before adding another the competitionof rushweek brings outthe worst in chapter. While the concernfor those groups below total people and tempests (or even mild hurricanes)can is laudable, those same groups canalso be penalized erupt in a teapot. Be proactive in preventing rush in­ when expansion is delayed. Struggling chapters,if fractions by: 1) keeping rush rules simple, clear and there are only one or two on campus, will continue to based on solid reasoning, 2) working with Panhellenic be low in numbersuntil their own problems are ad­ throughoutthe year to build trust and a team approach dressed . In the meantime, the other groups will con-

41 in a computer program are safeguards (ways to check participating chapters with their publicity and arrange­ to make sure the data is entered correctly), speed (if it ments. The "greenboo k" has some ideas. takes two hours to input the data, it might be just as Bldmatchlng. Bidmatching and the entire preferen­ fast as hand-sorting), and hard-copydocume ntation tial bidding system are explained in the manual. Bid­ (the lists for Panhellenic, the chapters, and the rush matching is a fair and consistent process of matching counselors that track exactly what the computer is rusheepr eferences with chapter preferences. When doing each step of the way). The program even pro­ done manually, it can be verytime consuming, but it is vides the statistics for you! While a computer and the best to take the necessarytime to insure accuracy. software for rush represent a sizeable financial invest­ Everyone involved in manual bidmatching should be ment for Panhellenic, the convenience and accuracy is trained and should have the opportunity to practice well worth it. prior to the actual event. In order to preservethe pri­ Quota/Total. There is a thorough explanation of vacy rights of the rushees and to make sure chapters quota/total in the Manual of Information. You may want are happy with the pledges they match, it is recom­ to use this system as is, or you may need to consider mended. that professional staffand/ or alumnae partici­ minor modifications to address specific problems on pate in bidmatching. Computer bidmatching is speedy; your campus. If you do decide to undertake modifica­ however, it is still necessaryto carefully checkda ta tions, the NPC area advisor can be helpful in determin­ prior to runningthe final computermat ch. ing where to be flexible. Modifications should be con­ AssistanceTo Rushees Who Are Not Matched . sidered verycar efully, since all partsof the quota/total In every system, there are going to be some rushees system (formal rush, preferential bidding, and continu­ who cannot be matched during bidmatching, because ous openbid ding) are interdependent. Changing or all of their choices are at quota. If the chapters and the eliminating one aspect will affect all of the others. In rushees are amenable, these women can be offered summary, this is Quota!rotal: bids from those sororitieswhich have not filled quota. Quota refers to the numbertha t each fraternity may Another option is to place them with chapters which pledgeduring formal rush (or throughout the year have filledquo ta, using the methoddescribed in the in continuous open bidding if quota is not reached 1989 NPC Resolution on Quota Additions. If this in formal rush). method is used,care should be taken not to guarantee Totalrefers to the allowable chapter size, as deter­ bids, and quota additionsshould not be made to ac­ minedb y the college Panhellenic and includes commodate a rusheewho has limited heroptions for

both pledges and initiated members . A chapter pledging by accepting lessthan the maximum number may exceed total by taking quota in formal rush. of invitations available to her in any round of partiesor If a chapter pledges quota, but is still below total, by self-limitingthe numberof preferencesshe listed on it may continue to pledge women through contin­ her preference card.No matter how you decideto han­ uous openbid ding until total is reached. Thesuc ­ dle rusheeswho are not matchedlogis tically, you will cess of the quota/total system depends on it be­ also have to handle the emotional consequences of the ing combined with the preferential bidding system disappointmentthey suffer. Rush counselorsnee d to and continuous open bidding. be prepared to assist the rushees in overcomingthei r Quota should be based on the number of women par­ disappointment, and you needto be prepared to ticipating in formalrush. One of the basic concepts in answer the questions and concernsof rushees and this system is that when quota is set, there should be a their parents. Explainthe selectionprocess to them, space for everywoman in rushto pledge.This can be agree that it is a disappointment, and when they are modifiedby allowing for reasonable and predictable ready, encourage them to pledge (through continuous attritionin rushnumber s, but it is preferable to set openbid ding) one of the chapters which still has quota at a time in the rush process when actual num­ spaces remaining . It canals o help to begin on the first bers canbe used.The Manual gives several options day of rush to prepare rusheesand their parents for the for formulas. possibilitytha t they may suffer some disappointment in Continuous Open Bidding. As mentioned above, the selection process. continuous open bidding (COB) is one of the essential Rush Recommendations. Most women's fraterni­ components to the successof the Quotarrotal system. ties require recommendations or referencesfor the Chapters which are low in numbers are given the op­ women they pledge.A recommendation, in order to be portunity to rushun restricted and without competition valid, comes from an alumna of a sororityto her own from chapters which are at or over total. The Panhel­ chapter on thecampus. Recommendations attest to lenic advisor may need to encourage COB and assist the rushee'saca demic performance, participation in

40 dures, and taking time to collect several examples from Selection section of the NPC Manual of Information. similar campuses will assist in developing procedures. These are general in nature, and they don't work in You may also want to explore alternate judicial struc­ every situation. The boxed items are part of theUn ­ tures, as many campuses have an all-Greek judicial animous Agreements, and those should be followed in council or some other variation. every situation. Keep the recommendations in mind, follow the Unanimous Agreements, and design a rush Alumnae Panhellenics program that worksfo r your campus. In addition, the followingsug gestions may be helpful. Alumnae Panhellenics are organized in an area in Timing. Most campuses still have an earlyfal l rush, one of two ways: with pledging completed before classes begin.While this has the advantageof finishingthe membership 1. An "open Panhellenic" is composed of any NPC selection process priorto the demands of campusli fe, fraternity alumnae who wish to join the organiza­ not all campusescan acco mmodate the early timing. tion. Typically they elect officers and do program­ Some systems rushafte r classes start,on evenings or ming for alumnae. Oftenthese types of Panhel­ over two successive weekends. Some campuses defer lenics are organized in areas where individual rush to the spring term, in which case specialru les alumnae populations are too sparse to form sep­ may need to be written to avoid turningthe entire fall arate alumnae clubs for each affiliation. term into a recruitment season. (See the Manual of 2. A delegate Panhellenic is composed of dele­ Information for tips on deferred rush). The most crucial gates from each of the alumnae associations factor in timing is assessingthe impact of the rush with alumnae chapters in the city. Typicallythe y processon the academic priorities of bothrushe es and rotate the offices in the associations. chapter members. Scheduling. Each rushparticipant should have the Both typesof alumnae Panhellenics provide a local opportunity to visiteach sorority atle ast once, and she resource to the collegiate Panhellenic for office help should have the opportunityto spendsufficient time in during rush, scholarships for sorority members, and fi­ several chaptersto make a rational choiceon prefer­ nancial assistanceto the collegiate Panhellenic for enceev ening. To that end,sche duling should facilitate special programs (e.g., speakers for careernights, the gradual narrowing of choices by both rushees and etc.). In the sameway, the college Panhellenic canbe chapters. supportiveof the programsof the alumnae Panhellenic Bushng. Counall Collegiate rushcou nselorscan (e.g., philanthropies, fundraisers, etc.). Bothgr oups be usedto guide the rushparticipants thr ough the should be supportiveand respectful of each other's membershipselection process.Good rushcounselor programs. For more information aboutthe relationship selectionand trai ning can be the key to a more suc­ between the alumnae Panhellenic and the collegePan­ cessful and less stressful rushpr ocess for the rushees, hellenic, see the Manual of Information. chapters,Panhellenic, and the Panhellenic advisor. Good ideas for setting up a rush counselingpr ogram Sorority Rush are in the NPC "greenboo k,• and there are many won­ derfulpr ograms on campusesacross the country, so Many colleagues reporttha t they would really enjoy solicit suggestions from your colleagues. their job if it weren't for sorority rush. This does not Invitation Processing. Many campuses process need to be the one week of the year that you approach rushparty invitations manually, using Panhellenic offi­ with trepidation. With a lot of preparation and some cers and rushcounselors to sort the invitations, present consistent and practicalplanning, rushcan become them to the rushees, and type up the lists for the chap­ more manageable and rewarding for the Panhellenic ters. If there are morethan fivesor oritieson campusor advisor. Formalrush is such a complex processthat it more than 200 rushees,this canbecome conf using could have its own chapter in this manual, so it will be and time-consuming. Generally, larger numbers result impossible to cover more than the basics here. As you in toomany mistakes in the manual method.Larger are working with students to put together a member­ systems use computersto processthe partyinvi ta­ ship selection program, contact some colleagues for tions. You might opt for a program writtenon your cam­ ideas. The key pointto rememberis that the rush pro­ pus or purchase rush softwaretha t is on the market. gram needs to be tailored to the needs and limitations Many campuses use Compute-A-Rush by D & D of your particular campus and itsso rority system. Sev­ Digitalwhich provides excellentdocume ntation for the eral recommendations canbe found in the Membership chapters and for Panhellenic. The key points to look for

39 How to make an effective Panhellenic reportin plished. Leadership retreats and Greek Week, among chapter meetings other programs, canoffe r Panhellenic women the op­ Panhellenic and campusresou rces portunity to work with men toward a common goal. The Gettingacq uainted-team-building exercises special dynamicsof such committees are enhanced by One of the biggest stumbling blocks for college Pan­ the sharing of leadership between the twoco uncils. It is hellenics is encouraging the involvement of the chapter important, however, for Panhellenic to have its own delegates. Ideally, they should be excitedabout this separate programsas well. There are some issues opportunity to be ambassadors for their chapters and which pertainma inly to women; they canfi nd greater for the Greek community. The use of committeesto get self-esteem and meet certain types of goals most ef­ them involved is helpful, and the Panhellenic officers fectively within the parameters of Panhellenic-only pro­ will need to give the delegates plenty of reinforcement grams. Examples of such programs are women's safe­ for their assistance with programming. ty issues and self defense, women in careers, the Many campuses find that a Junior Panhellenic pro­ changing role of women on campus, and sponsorship vides an excellent training ground for future Panhel­ of programs for a Women's Opportunities Week. lenic and chapter officers. Some guidelines for setting up a Junior Panhellenic are found in the Manual of In­ Jurisdiction of a College Panhellenic fo rmation. If greater pledge involvement is a goal of Panhellenic, they might consider the establishment of a One whole section of the Unanimous Agreements Junior Panhellenic or the extension of an invitation to concernsthe jurisdiction of the collegiate Panhellenic chapter pledges to attend any meeting of the Panhel­ council, and it deservesreview. Panhellenic officers lenic Council. and delegates, when they are unfamiliar with these policies that confine their activities, can misuse their What Doesa College Panhellenic perceived "power." One warning flag is a recurrent cry Do Besides Rush? that "Panhellenic hates our chapter." Since Panhellenic consists of all the members of all the chapters, and the Since the membership selection processesof sorori­ total decision-making poweris vested in the delegates, ties cansomet imes seemcompl icated enough to re­ this is pretty impossible unlessthe officersare over­ quire year-round concentration, you might be wonder­ stepping theirauthority. Panhelleniclea dersneed to be ing what other functionsthis group should be perform­ remindedthat people support what they help create. ing. When a college Panhellenic falls into the rush-only Thetim e it takes to educate delegates and allow them trap, thenits membersare also wonderingabout the to discussmatters with thei r chapterspays offin the sameque stion. Actually, rush isonly a small partof supportof theen tire system for Panhellenic programs Panhellenic's role on campus. andpolicies. "Cooperation for furthering fraternityli fe, in harmony with its bestpos sibilities, is the idealtha t shall guide The Panhellenlc Judicial Process our fraternity activities,• states the Panhellenic Creed. The growthof sorority women as peopleand the devel­ The most important thing is to have a process! opment of programs which address the needs of Some suggestions for this processar e in the NPC women in the fraternity system offerplent y of room for Manual of Information; however, much dependson the creative Panhellenic programming. Philanthropies, relationship between the host institution and its Greek educational programs, programs to address women's system. There are wide variations in process (particu­ health issues,campus in volvement and safety, and larlyfor handling violations of policies other than rush many other events are on the agenda of Panhellenics rules). In writinga judicial process, which canbe in­ across the nation. Like programming with any student cluded in the Panhellenic governingdocuments, take group, the specificsare best left up to the goal-setting, into accountthe amount of judicial authority the host creativityand energy of the collegiate members. Some institution delegates to Panhellenic, the types of policy very good "how to's" for evaluating existing program­ enforcement they will handle, the relevant Unanimous ming and settingup new programming can be found in Agreements, and thereq uirements of due process. the Manual of Information. There should be a specified pointin the process when Joint programming with the lnterfratemity Council the national organization is notified of any violations can offer challenges, but it can also reap many re­ committed by itsch apter, and communication with wards. When an entire Greek community is pulling to­ alumnae advisors should be included early inthe pro­ gether for one cause, great things can be accom- cess. Colleagues are happy to share judicial proce-

38 your campus has a housing agreement, contact your session to discuss with the officers the role you play as area advisor or obtain the name of the NPC Housing their advisor. Let them know what they can expect from CommitteeChair man from the NPC office. you in terms of availability, resources, and support,and There are some additional standing committees that also be veryclear aboutyo ur expectations of them. are helpful in special situations, and those will be cov­ Make sure they allow time for old and new officers to ered later in this chapter. discuss their duties and to pass along tips. This pro­ vides the opportunity for a smooth transition. The "Green Book" Since the Panhellenic councilmee tings serveas a forumfor the discussionof issues of common concern The "green book" contains two types of information: to all groups, it is important that the delegates are Unanimous Agreements and Recommendations. knowledgeable concerningthe ir own fraternities and UNANIMOUS AGREEMENTS are those policies the Greek system as a whole. Each chapter elects its which all 26 NPC member groups have agreed to up­ own delegate, and the Panhellenic council may not hold. Their chapters on your campusdo not have the require chapters .to be represented by a specific chap­ option of deciding differently-all of these rules are ter officer(U nanimous Agreements, Manual of Infor­ consistent for all college Panhellenics. In the Manual of mation) . Some Panhellenics have more than one rep­ Information, 1990 edition, they are set apartby a green resentative from each chapter, and some include a box. "junior Panhellenic delegate" who represents each RECOMMENDATIONS refer to everything else in pledge class. It is helpful to have some dialoguewith the Manual. These are suggestions based on many the leaders of the sororitych apters to help them under­ years of experience in the administration of sororities, stand the important role their delegates play and the but they are adaptable to the campus situation. College need for chapters to electwe ll-qualified delegates. Panhellenics may use the pertinentin formation for their Since this is not always the case, however, and particular campus. While the NPC recommendations since delegates come to the Panhellenic council with should always be considered and weighed with appro­ varyingdegr eesof experience and expertise,it is im­ priate credit to the decadesof experience and wisdom portantfor them to receive some training. Hopefully, behind them, the college Panhellenic may be self-gov­ they will understandthe expectations of their chapters erningin most areas. andfrate rnitiesthrough theirchapter officertra ining. The "greenboo k" is meant to be a reference, and Panhellenicshould provide training in the expectations the index in the most recent edition makes i1 usable as of the college Panhellenic, the Greek system, and the just that. It is a good eaid to glance through the entire university. Setting aside a time for delegate training (a notebookand familiarizeyou rself with the content,then half-day retreat or at the veryleast a meeting set aside use the index as a reference. Your NPC area advisor for this purpose) will maintain a smoothtran sition from can assist you with interpretation if any part ofthe man­ one year to the next. Since chapters hold their elec­ ual is unclear. tions at varioustimes, determinewhen the final dele­ gate is elected and set up a training session thereafter. Panhellenlc Programming Some suggestions for topics to include are in the "green book.• Other suggestions are listed below. The basic programming unit for college Panhellenics Parliamentary procedure is the Panhellenic council, composed of delegates from Communication-newsletters, mailboxes, bulletin each women's fraternity and led by the Panhellenic offi­ boards, distribution of flyers, minutes, cers. Officers may be elected by rotation (as NPC does correspondence nationally), by election, or by a combination of the two. Panhellenic officers-whothey are, how they are You may need to assist the Panhellenic councilin de­ selected, their responsibilities veloping a procedure for officer selectionwhich best Panhellenic structure-mmittees, relationship with fits the system. No matter how the officers are se­ other groups, liaisonwith other groups (e.g., IFC, lected, spending some time educating them will be studentgov ernment,wo men's groups, etc.) helpful in the long run. These are the women with Goal setting for the year whom you will work most closely, so you will needto Traditional Panhellenic programs spend a gooddea l of time developing positive relation­ Budget ships with them. Suggestions for officer training are in Calendar the Manual, and your NPC area advisorwill be happy Review of Unanimous Agreements, Panhellenic to assist you. Be sure to include a time in the training Constitution and Bylaws

37 The National Panhellenic Conference by Kim Braun Padulo, San Diego State University

For the new Greek advisor, or even for the sea­ A copy of the latest edition(1 990) of the NPC soned professional, the intricacies of the National Pan­ Manual of Information (often referred to as the "green hellenic Conference (NPC) procedures for women's book"), can be ordered by callingthe NPC office. This fraternities canbe overwhelming. There are a number is the basic written resource for advisors to campus of resources, however, and the introduction to those Panhellenics, and the latest edition has been substan­ resources is the purpose of this chapter; it will provide tially changed from earlier ones. an overview with references to other resources for Between the biennial meetings, the Executive Com­ more detailed information. mitteeadm inisters the work of the conference through the standing and specialcommi ttees. One of the larg­ NPC Structure est standing committees is the one with which we work most ott'en as campusad visors: the College Panhel­ The National Panhellenic Conference is not a gov­ lenics Committee. This committee is chaired by one erningbody for its 26 member fraternities. Rather, it is of the NPC Delegates and consists of the NPC area a conference body which meets once everytwo years, advisors, some members at large, an advisor to each with representative delegations from each of the com­ of the four regional Panhellenic conferences, the Ad­ pletely autonomous member groups. Those member visor to New College Panhellenics, and the PH Fa ctor groups are listed below: editor. The NPC Area Advisor is a resource person as­ Alpha Chi Omega Delta Zeta signed to you by NPC. NPC area advisors change Alpha Delta Pi Gamma Phi Beta every two years,fo llowing the biennial meeting. At that Alpha Epsilon Phi Kappa Alpha Theta time, a list of the new area advisors is published in the Alpha Gamma Delta Kappa Delta AFA newsletter or the list canbe obtainedfrom the Alpha Omicron Pi Kappa Kappa Gamma NPC office. The area advisor may be able to assist Alpha Phi Phi Mu with problem solving in Panhellenic councils. She can Alpha Sigma Alpha Phi Sigma Sigma provide information on a variety of subjects and is Alpha Sigma Ta u Pi Beta Phi familiar with programs offered by Panhellenicson other Alpha Xi Delta Sigma Delta Ta u campuses. She maybe willing to be involved in Pan­ Chi Omega Sigma Kappa hellenic officer training, in providing aid for weak chap­ Delta Delta Delta Sigma Sigma Sigma ters, in revising rushpr ocedures, in training rush coun­ Delta Gamma Theta Phi Alpha selors, and in developing other programs. She main­ Delta Phi Epsilon Zeta Ta u Alpha tains recordson the Panhellenic councils in her area and will send the Panhellenic president a form to com­ NPC is headedby an Executive Committee con­ plete once each year so she can update her files. sisting of the Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer. Keeping the area advisor informed about develop­ These offices are held on a rotation basis; women's fra­ ments on each campus isimp ortant. With up-to-date ternities rotate through the offices in the order of their information on hand, she is in a positionto better assist entryint o membership in NPC. The order of rotation the college Panhellenic. canbe found in the NPC Manual of Information. The Another NPC committee is the Awards Committee, Executive Committeeoffice rs servetwo -year termsin which solicits and reviews applications for NPC awards each office, assuming their duties at the biennial meet­ on a biennial basis. For more information about the ings. A full rotation, therefore, is six years. awards program, see the NPC Manual of Information. The National Panhellenic Conference office in Correspondence with the NPC Housing Commit­ Indianapolis will fillpublic ations orders or provide refer­ tee will be helpful if changes in the housing program for rals for specificpr oblems; however, the headquarters sororities on a campus are being considered. Housing staff does not interpret policies or give procedural ad­ agreements are made betweenthe fraternities on a vice. The address and telephone numberis: given campus in the interest of establishing a specific National Panhellenic Conference housing plan, maintaining some degree of conformity 3901 W. 86th St., Suite 380 so as to eliminate competition on the basis of housing, Indianapolis, IN 46268 and to assure housing that will contribute to a positive 317/872-31 85 living experiencefor chapter members. To find out if

36 Liability and Legal Affairs

Two Sets of Laws ...... 50

Areas of Concern ...... 50

Emphasis in Programming ...... 51

Resources ...... 51

Conclusion ...... 52 Position on Elimination of Pledging comprising the National Pan-Hellenic Council organizations. In an historic step, leaders of theeight national 2. Each organization shall develop its own mem­ Black Greek letterorgan izations and the national presi­ bership intake process which shall be limited to dent of the National Pan-Hellenic Council met in St. the ceremonial ritual(s) of the respective organi­ Louis, Missouri, on February16 , 1990, and agreed to zation. end pledging as a way to eliminate hazing. 3. Each organization shall develop its own educa­ tional processto follow the ceremonial ritual(s). Rationale Membership into Greek letterorganiza tions is based Timetable upon the possessionof qualification by the aspirants, As soon as it is adopted legally by all organizations rather than upon a pledge period of activities. but no later than the fall semester 1990-91 school year. Recommendations 1. There shall be no "pledging" or "pre-pledging" process in any of the constituent organizations

Directoryof NPHC Affiliate Groups

Alpha Kappa Alpha January19 08 1913 12 5,000 825 46 states, DC, Virgin Islands, 5656 S. Stony Island Ave. Howard University Bahamas, Germany, Korea, Chicago, IL 60637 Washington, DC Bermuda

Alpha Phi Alpha 1906 1908 100,000 700 45 states, DC, Korea, 2313 St. Paul St. CornellUni versity Germany, Bermuda, Africa, Baltimore, MD 21218 Ithaca,NY Bahamas, Virgin Islands

Delta Sigma Theta January13 , 1913 1930 100,000 700 41 states, DC, Haiti, Virgin 1707 New Hampshire Ave.NW Howard University Islands, Bahamas, Africa, Washington, DC 20009 Washington, DC Germany

Kappa Alpha Psi January5, 1911 75,000 506 42 states, DC, Bahamas, 2320 N. Broad St. Indiana University Korea, Africa, Germany Philadelphia, PA 19121 Bloomington, IN

Zeta Phi Beta January16 , 1920 1923 75,000 550 43 states., DC, Bahamas, 1734 New Hampshire Ave.NW Howard University Virgin Islands, Africa, Washington, DC 20009 Washington, DC Germany

Omega Psi Phi November 17, 1911 1914 70,000 620 45 states, DC, Germany, 2714 Georgia Ave.NW Howard University Korea, Virgin Islands Washington, DC Washington, DC

Sigma Gamma Rho November 1922 1929 70,900 400 40 states, DC, Virgin Islands, 8800 S. Stony Island Butler University Bermuda Chicago, IL 60617 Indianapolis, IN

Phi Beta Sigma January9, 1914 1920 95,000 651 46 states, DC, Africa, Korea, 145 Kennedy St.NW Howard University Bahamas, Switzerland, Washington, DC 20011 Washington, DC Virgin Islands

49 The six NPHC regions are outlined below. • coordination of programs tor minorityyouth and Campus the aged The NPHC campus council is composedof under­ • a significant voice regarding many issues graduate chapters of the eight NPHC organizations. confronting local, national, and international The campus NPHC, as well as the individual chapters, communities is a valuable asset to the university. Studies show that • college scholarships that are based on academic fraternity and sorority members are among the most excellence and demonstrated financial need loyal alumni following graduation and tend to provide • a forum for addressing items of mutual concern to the bulk of the alumni contributions. Also, most of the the NPHC organizations campus student leadership is provided by fraternity • preservation of the philosophy and cultural her­ and sorority members. The campus council of NPHC itage of the historically established community provides: serviceorgan izations. • encouragement of scholarship and enhancement of loyaltyto the alma mater NPHC Services • a harmonious working relationship among NPHC groups and a learningenvir onment which will 1. Monitors federal and statelegisla tive and regula­ help eradicate inter-Greek rivalry tory activities and other mattersof mutual con­ • preservation of the cultural heritage of the cern to NPHC organizations. historically established community service Greek 2. Spearheads joint action by NPHC member organizations organizations, where appropriate, and main­ • promotion of the programsof the university tains active and openco mmunication with the • educational programs on operations, academic executive officesof each of the eight member excellence, leadership, health care, drug aware­ organizations. ness, and code of conduct 3. Publishes national and regional newsletters • a forum for addressingite ms of mutual concernto which allow NPHC undergraduate and alumni the NPHC organizations councilsto exchange ideas and resources. • uniform guidelines for pledge,rush, and stan­ 4. Conductsnational and campusworkshops on dards ofconduct for NPHC organizations issues specificto NPHC memberchap ters and • administrative armtor NPHC organizations councils. • joint programming with campusIF C and NPC 5. Serves as a resource sharing body and engages groups in constructive discussions on areas of mutual • promotion of the service philosophyof the NPHC interest withot her Greek federations, associa­ organizations tions, andun iversityGr eekad ministrators. • programsdes ignedto enhancethe social and 6. Providessample bylaws and rules of operations educational life of the minoritycommuni ty andthe for alumni and undergraduate councils(regional general college community at large. directors workdi rectlywith alumni councils and campus councilsand advise on NPHC organiza­ Alumni tion, rushing, standards of conduct, and constitu­ The Alumni Council of NPHC is composedof alumni tional revisions). chapters of the eight NPHC affiliate organizations. The 7. Provides consultation to councils and universities alumni councilsserve as the means by which the orga­ on NPHC matters. nized activities of the professional and intellectual lead­ 8. Assists the eight member organizations in meet­ ersin the Black community becomea reality. At a time ing their individual objectives, where requested. when Blacks are afflictedwith high poverty levels, large 9. Conducts awards programs which recognize schooldr opout rates, and overall economic depriva­ councilsand memberor ganizations for outstand­ tion, the NPHC alumni councilscar ry the leadership ingservice . banner in the minoritycom munities. By combining re­ 10. Conducts regional and national conventions sources, NPHC organizations make a much more sig­ which provide the opportunity for NPHC mem­ nificantim pact.Among many other projects, the alumni bers to exchange ideas and solutions to com­ councilspr ovide: mon problems. • financial supportfor civil rights, educational and socialse rvice organizations, and/or projects

48 2. Serve as the communication link between/ Four (4) appointed national officers-parliamen­ among these constituent fraternities and soror­ tarian,legal counsel, national program chairperson, ities, especially in matters such as scheduling and historian. workshops and national meetings. 3. Conduct periodic workshops/training sessions Regions with the officers of the localco uncils in order to The NPHC has six regional officeswh ich provide ensure clearer understanding of common opera­ resources and governancefo r undergraduate and tional procedures. alumni councils. In addition to providing information 4. Conduct regional conferences on a biennial and service, these regions conduct biennial confer­ basis as a means of developing operational effi­ ences with undergraduate and alumni councils and ciency and program effectiveness. also recommend appropriate legislation for action at 5. Conduct biennial national meetings of the active the general convention. membership of the officers and delegates of Each region has a regional officewhich has the re­ the National Pan-Hellenic Council and the con­ sponsibility of assuring that the councils are in accor­ stituent localco uncils. dance with the mandate of the general convention. The 6. Work cooperatively with other community enabl­ regional director also provides coordination of regional ing umbrella groups and agencies such as the programs and establishes a working relationship with National Black Leadership Roundtable, the Na­ the regional directors/representatives of the eight affili­ tional Coalition of Black Voter Participation, the ate organizations. NAACP, the Urban League, and UNCF, among others. Northern Western Perform such other coordinating functionsas set Iowa Alaska 7. Kansas Arizona forth within the constitution and bylaws of the Minnesota California National Pan-Hellenic Council or as determined Missouri Colorado by the Executive Committeeof NPHC, Inc. Nebraska Hawaii NorthDak ota Idaho Organization South Dakota Montana Nevada The NPHC organizational structure consists of the Southwestern New Mexico following: 1) the general convention, 2) the executive Arkansas Oregon board, 3) the regional office, and 4) the member under­ Louisiana Utah Oklahoma Washington graduate and alumni councils. The policies,programs, and practices of the NPHC Te xas Wyoming are establishedby voting delegates during the biennial Eastern general convention. The delegates include the elected Southern Alabama Connecticut officers of the NPHC, the national presidents and exec­ Florida Delaware utive directors/secretariesof the affiliate organizations, Georgia Maine and at least two representatives of each of the under­ Kentucky Maryland graduate and alumni councils. Betweengener al con­ Mississippi Massachusetts ventions, the NPHC executive board assures that the NorthCarol ina New Hampshire mandates of the convention are carried out and delib­ South Carolina New Jersey erates uponpolicies co ming before NPHC. Tennessee New York The NPHC boardis composed of the following: Pennsylvania Fifteen(15) elected officers-president, first vice Central RhodeIsland president, second vice president (undergraduate), trea­ Illinois Vermont Virginia surer, financial secretary, recording secretary,corr e­ Indiana Washington , DC spondence secretary, graduate member-at-large, Michigan Ohio undergraduate member-at-large, and six regional West Virginia directors. Wisconsin Sixteen(1 6) executive officersof the affiliate organizations-the national presidenVBasileV Polemarch and the executive director/executive secre­ taryof each of the eight affiliate organizations.

47 The National Pan-Hellenic Council by Daisy M. Wood, National President

History ing and providing community services. NPHC organi­ zations embrace a service for lite philosophy and aim The Black Greek letter movement commenced in to assure the continuance of socialac tion, political em­ 1906 on a predominantly white college campusas a powerment, and economic development. NPHC is a means by which cultural interaction and community crucialmeans by which these services can be as­ serviceco uld be maintained. Over the next 16 years sured within the local, national, and international the opportunity to form NPHC organizations would oc­ communities. cur on seven other occasions. Each of these eight or­ ganizations evolved during a periodwhen Blacks were Objectives being denied essential rights and services afforded others. These Black Greek organizations were de­ The objectives of NPHC coordination are: signed to foster brotherhood and/orsis terhood and to • To provide an opportunity for discussion regarding serveas a conduit by which collective action plans the common cultural heritageof the NPHC could be coordinated. organizations, In 1930 a numberof these organizations recognized • To provide leadership coordination tor NPHC or­ a need to form an umbrella organization that would ganizations in addressing items of mutual con­ provide coordination of philosophies and activities. This cern and to serveas the conduit for joint action umbrella group becameknown as the National Pan­ programs when requested, Hellenic Council. The eight organizations which would • To interact with other national Greek federations eventually comprise the NPHC made a pledgeto de­ and associations and discuss items of common vote their resourcesand services in an effort to en­ interest to the general college community, hanceth eir communities. Despite the diversity inherent • To collect and disseminate general information, in theind ividual groups, the NPHC provided the forum services, and materialsto r the purpose of assist­ and impetus for addressing items of mutual concern. ing the NPHC affiliate organizations in the fulfill­ Theorganiz ations soon discovered that the effect of ment of individual and joint objectives, their educational, social, and economicpr ograms on • To coordinate the commonact ivities of NPHC or­ their respective constituencieswas greatly enhanced ganizations in a manner that will allow the most by the collective coordination through NPHC. effectiveuti lizationof resources and pennitthe maximization of benefits to the fraternity/sorority Philosophy world,and • To foster an understanding of thestruc ture The eight organizations which compose NPHC have and method of operation among the affiliate mandated that, where there are two or more NPHC organizations. member chapters, an attempt should be made to form an NPHC council. Mission NPHC organizations are unique with respectto other Greek letteror ganizations in that they have a profound Mission Statement: The National Pan-Hellenic Coun­ commitment to providing community service and to cil shall serve as the officialcoo rdinating agent of the uplifting/promoting the general public welfare. Projects eight (8) constituent memberGr eek letter fraternities sponsored by NPHC organizations include voter regis­ and sororities in thefu rtherance of their program unity tration and education, aid to the needy and elderly, pro­ on college and university campuses and within the sev­ grams to eliminate illiteracy, legislative briefing, career eral communities wherein graduate and/oralumni( ae) training, fellowships and scholarships for educational chapters of saidfrate rnities and sororities are located. studyand research, economicde velopment seminars, In the furtherance of this mission, the National Pan­ health care awareness programs, tutorialpr ograms, Hellenic Council shall: and supportof civil rights, educational, and community 1. Assist in establishing and facilitating localco un­ service organizations. cils on campuses and within communities NPHC councils are designed to assure that member wherein chapters of these fraternities and organizatbns maintain their distinct identity of promot- sororities are located.

46 Crisis Intervention

The Crisis ...... 53

Crisis Management ...... 53

Crisis Management Workshop 53 Participants Format

Crisis Management Te am 55

Appendices ...... 55 Procedures to be Followed in the Event of Serious Illness Procedures to be Followed in the Event of a Tragedy In addition to meeting with attorneys, you may wish to develop a handout or checklist for new officers and to schedule a similar meeting for all house corporation officers and chapter advisors. A meeting between all chapter officers and representatives of the police and fire departments is also encouraged, to enhance com­ munication, review problems, and expose students to the other side of law enforcement and fire safety. Fi­ nally, encourage each chapter to schedule a meeting with an attorneyor attorneys at least once a year, to assist the officers in bringing home the points and con­ cerns reviewed in the system meetings.

Conclusion

For better or worse, we live in a litigious society. The number of lawsuits filed continues to rise. The philoso­ phies, attitudes, and perceptions of those who are in­ volved in higher education and those who live near our universities and colleges have changed. Stunts, pranks, traditions, and behavior that might have been acceptedtwe nty or thirty years ago are now cause for investigations, probation, suspension,and lawsuits. To lerance has been replaced by assertiveness. The responsibility for those of us involved in the Greek sys­ tem becomes action rather than reaction. Educationof new leaders and members, frequent reinforcementof that education, and acceptance of the fact that Greek organizations are under closescruti ny are necessaryif we are to continue our growth and progress.

52 6. Criminal law: statutes, role of the prosecutor and mous cost of litigation. Finally, it is important to address defense attorney, constitutional safeguards, the various rationalizations, excuses, and justifications penalties. noted earlier that some students will rely upon to evade 7. To rt law, which is one area of civil law, and the or avoid liability, until brought up shortin the courts. concept of legal negligence, as opposed to what Ample time for questions should be planned. It a layperson might consider actual negligence. should be noted that attorneys, speaking at such a 8. Contracts: who can be held responsible, implied public forum, may not provide legal advice, such as authority. steps to be taken in a situation that is pendingand in­ 9. Propertyco nsiderations: standards by which a volves students. The session is aimed at alerting your property owner is held liable in your state. members to legal liabilities, considerations for the oper­ 10. Social functionsand events: these events gener­ ation of chapter and system, and an overviewof the ate, by far, the largest numberof lawsuits and effect of the law upon our society and the function of criminal actions against students, alumnVae cor­ the law. porations, and national organizations. Review the Fraternity Insurance Purchasing Group stan­ Resources dards and policies, as well as the use of alcohol, distribution or sale of alcohol to minors, Dram In addressing the various student philosophies re­ Shop theories, "open parties," the use of alco­ garding the law, it may be of assistance to review the holic beverages with pledges/associates or at following cases. Remember that these cases arere­ new member events, the responsibility of the or­ ports of caseson appeal from trials, for decisions by ganization for actions of guests and trespassers, judges above the trial courtle vel. For each case report­ the use of unreasonable force to remove some­ ed, there are many others that were settledou t of court one from an event, the liabilities directly connect­ and will not be reported. ed to and associated with common sources of alcohol, and the purchase of alcohol by groups Giardina v. Solomon 360 F Supp 262 (1973). or with chapter monies. This particular area Actionso f guest at party. couldeasily fill a ninety-minute session with Weiner v. Gamma Phi of ATO 258 ORE 632 (1972). examples, questions, and answers. Liability of chapter after alcohol-related accident 11. Alcohol: providing to minors, use of false ID, in relation to rush function. DWI/OU IL, involuntaryor vehicular homicide, Bradshawv. Rawlings61 2 F2d 135 (1979). An ex­ negligent homicide. cellent case for administratorsto review in re­ 12. Hazing andstate laws, if applicable. gards to university liability. 13. Sponsorship of events, contests, or functions, People v. Leoti 160 NYS 2d 284and Davies v. and liabilities. Butler. et al 602 P2d 605. Criminal and civil

14. Chapter house "raids" and chapter house cases, respectively, that address hazing. security. An interesting case involving an assault by several 15. Long distance partiesand formals. fraternity members and a common purpose argu­ 16. Sexual assault, which includes date rape and ment canbe found at 8 Illinois App 3d 805. applicablestatu tes. Thomas v. Dunne 279 P2d 427. Another hazing case, involving an "adult" organization; applica­ Emphasis in Programming tion to student groups. Baldwin v. Zoradi 6 Cal. Rptr. 809 (1981 ). A decision Emphasis couldbe placed upon:1) the various laws subsequent to Bradshaw; provides additional per­ that might affect a given situation, or the philosophy of spective in relation to university liability. the law, as in negligence;2) providing students with a Fasset v. Poch 625 F Supp 324. practical example of a situation that contains a number Ballou v. Sigma Nu 342 SE 2d 488. of inherent liabilities, and 3) application of the law to the Collangelo v. TKE Housing Corp.Mcos ta County. situation so that students grasp a concept and not sim­ Michigan No. 87-7315. ply one factualsitua tion that should be avoided. Itis Alumni Association v. Sullivan 572 A. 2nd 1209. important for the attorneys to outline the variouspe nal­ ties or consequences of legal action-jailor prison, All of these cases should be available in a law damages, collections after judgments, and the enor- libraryor within a legal research section in a university library.

51 Liability and Legal Affairs-Two Sets of Laws? by David L. Westol, Executive Director, Theta Chi Fraternity

The telephone call will come, as it always seems to - It was a prank. We didn't intend to hurtany one, do, at 3 a.m. The bars have closed, the citizenry(in­ and we can't believe "they" are taking this cluding student personnel administrators) are safely in seriously. bed, and students should be involved in relevant activi­ -And finally-I'm a nice person. A criminal is ties such as walking hand in hand under ancient elm some bearded slug who picks his nose in public, trees or sweating over preparation for an accounting belches loudly in a crowd, has beady eyes, exam. greasy hair, and a world-class pot belly, and has The voice on the other end is familiar-an IFC or spent most of his life behind bars. I'm not a crimi­ Panhellenic officer, a chapter leader-but the normally nal. Therefore, I should not be prosecuted, even confident tones are overlaidwith concernand worry, if I do something wrong. And since I'm a nice per­ and answers to your questions are tentative and un­ son and obey the laws ninety percent of the time, sure. Something has occurred; no one knows quite if I slip occasionally, that should be taken into what happened;har d facts are in short supply;inf orma­ consideration. tion is a mass of rumors, hearsay, misquotes, and - One more. The law is generally ignored, as a speculation. And, always, someone's father or mother consideration for education or discussion at the is a lawyer, and "he said/shesaid that ..." system and chapter levels, until "Something Your response is acknowledged, the caller apolo­ Happens.• Then everyoneswea ts bullets, there gizes again, and you are left alone with your thoughts, are Alarums and Excursions, seminars and meet­ which might include the following. How could this have ings, letters and memorandums, until all are tired been avoided? Can an administrator have an apprecia­ of discussing l'affaire , and it is grate­ ble impact on legal affairs in a Greeksyste m? And, as fully put away with other clanking relics such as always, how can that impact be maintainedwith in a the earlysev enties, streaking, and phone booth group of organizations that have a one hundred per­ stuffing, there to remain until Christmas party dis­ cent turnover in leadership each year, and in member­ cussionsor yearly reviews. ship every four or five years? The problemwith all of the pointsnoted above is To beginwith , a premise or two are in order. In that none of these rationalizations, justifications, excus­ workingwith Greek organizations, in regard to the law es or smile and shrug responses have any legal value. and legal affairs, please consider the following: Therefore, we must work to educate our students that - Most students feel, with some justification, that intent to injure can be inferred from activities, that there there are two sets of laws-one set for "citizens" is one and only one set of laws that applies to all of us, and another set for students. The latterset is that intoxication is a seldom-used and usually insup­ general in nature, rarely enforced, and designed portablearg ument if it applies at all; that pranks do not for fun-loving young persons who enjoy pranks quality as legal defenses, that the fact that a student is and low-key rowdyism. If an activity is traditional "a nice person" has nothing to do with the legal options or can be justified as contributing to the improve­ of that student on a given occasion. ment of the chapter or system, then the law will reflect that fact and enforcement will be corre­ Areas of Concern spondingly lax. - If there did not exist an intent to injure, damage, These might include the following: destroy, or hurta person or a thing, then one can­ 1. Tax es to be paid by the chapter, Form 990, and not be held responsible. "It was an accident ... filing forms. we didn't mean for it to happen... it wasn't our 2. Worker's compensation, if applicable in your fault.· state, as applied to house directors or cooks. -Almost any action, regardlessof its seriousness, 3. Postal regulations in reference to fund-raising. canbe explained away by saying, "They were 4. Copyrightlaws as to music and royalties. drunk." 5. Housing codes, zoning, licensing, living condi­ - Ignorance is bliss. If we didn't know it was against tions, commissaryoper ations, and standards the law, then we can't be held responsible. under which localgovern ing units can enact and enforce localla ws.

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