Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination () Project Number: 37066 March 2010

India: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Project 5)

Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Ministry of Rural Development for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency]

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

No. SECTION - 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 STATUS OF BATCH-IV PROJECTS IN Chhattisgarh 1 1.3 RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS 2 1.4 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 2 1.4.1 Corridor of Impact and Study Area 2 1.4.2 Field Visits 2 1.4.3 Secondary Data Collection 2 1.4.4 Primary Data Collection 3 1-5 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 3 SECTION - 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 4 2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT 4 2.2 CATEGORY OF PROJECT 4 2.3 NEED FOR PROJECT 4 2.4 ROADS FOR IEE 4 2.5 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION 5 2.6 SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION 5 2.7 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 5 2.7.1 Rural Road Construction Proposals 5 2.7.2 Present Condition 5 2.7.3 Available Right of Way (ROW) 12 2.7.4 Alignment and Profile 13 2.7.5 Traffic 13 2.7.6 Economic Assessment 13 SECTION - 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 15 3.1 GENERAL 15 3.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCES 15 3.2.1 Topography, Geology and Soil 15 3.2.2 Earthquake Zone / Sensitivity 15 3.2.3 Climate 16 3.2.4 Land Use 16 3.2.5 Water Resources and Water Quality 17 3.2.6 Ambient Air Quality 18 3.2.7 Ambient Noise Quality 18 3.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES 19 3.3.1 Vegetation 19 3.3.2 Wildlife and Protected Area Network 19 3.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 21 3.4.1 Demography 21 3.4.2 Agriculture and Forestry 21 3.4.3 Fisheries 22 3.4.4 Transportation 22 3.4.5 Mineral Resources 22 3.4.6 Industrial Situation 23 3.4.7 Cultural and Religious Resources 23 3.4.8 Energy and Electric Power Potential 23 3.4.9 Education and Health Facilities 24 3.5 OTHER FACIITIES – QUALITY OF LIFE 24 3.5.1 Roadside Sanitation 24 3.5.2 Road Cutting Along Rural Road Proposals 24

Technical Support Consultant i Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

SECTION - 4 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 26 4.1 GENERAL 26 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO PROJECT (ROAD) LOCATION 26 4.2.1 National Parks/Wild Life Sanctuaries 26 4.2.2 Archaeological/ Heritage Monuments 26 4.2.3 Natural Habitat/Nature reserves 26 4.2.4 Reserve Forests/ Protected Forest and/or Unclassified Forest Areas/ Lands 27 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO PROJECT (ROAD) DESIGN 27 4.3.1 Embankment construction 27 4.3.2 Soil erosion 28 4.3.3 Clearing of vegetation 28 4.3.4 Cross Drainage 29 4.3.5 Roadside Sanitation 29 4.3.6 Road cutting for Conveyance of Irrigation Pipes 30 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PROJECT CONSTRUCTION 30 4.4.1 Geology / Stone Quarries 30 4.4.2 Hydro-geology/Ground Water 31 4.4.3 Soil/ Borrow Areas 31 4.4.4 Land Use 32 4.4.5 Drainage 34 4.4.6 Water Quality 34 4.4.7 Terrestrial Flora & Fauna 34 4.4.8 Aquatic Flora & Fauna 35 4.4.9 Air quality 35 4.4.10 Noise 36 4.4.11 Vibration 36 4.4.12 Construction Debris 37 4.4.13 Archaeological/ Historical Monuments 37 4.4.14 Road Side Shrines/Temples 37 4.4.15 Road Side Sanitation 37 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECT OPERATIONS 37 4.6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 38 4.6.1 Retrieval of Green (Tree) Cover 38 4.6.2 Improvement in Air/Noise Quality 38 4.6.3 Improvement of Road Side Sanitation 39 4.6.4 Socio-economic Benefits 39 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 39 SECTION – 5 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 40 5.1 GENERAL 40 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 40 5.2.1 Issues / Project Actions / Environmental Attributes 40 5.2.2 Mitigation Measures 40 5.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION 40 5.4 EMAP IMPLEMENTATION MONOTORING 40 5.5 INSTITUTIONAL REQIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAP 40 5.5.1 Institutional Requirements- Construction Stage 40 SECTION - 6 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURES 43 6.1 INTRODUCTION 43 6.2 OBJECTIVES 43 6.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 43 6.3.1 Stages and Levels of Consultation 43 6.3.2 Contents 44 6.3.3 Public Hearing, Schedule-IV, under EIA Notification of MoEF 44 6.3.4 Issues Raised and Community Perception 44 SECTION - 7 FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 47 7.1 FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS 47 7.2 CONCLUSION 47

Technical Support Consultant ii Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I Chhattisgarh - Packaging & Details of Road under ADB Batch – IV APPENDIX II Chhattisgarh– Batch IV: List of Roads Selected for Review APPENDIX III Environmental Assessment of Major Bridges Environmental Management Action Plan for Pre-Construction and Construction APPENDIX IV Phases APPENDIX V Environmental Monitoring Control Matrix – Construction Phase APPENDIX VI List of persons interacted during Public Consultation

Technical Support Consultant iii Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADB : Asian Development Bank BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards CD : Cross Drainage CGWB : Central Ground Water Board CGRRDA : Chhattisgarh Rural Road Development Agency CO : Carbon Monoxide COI : Corridor of Impact DM : District Magistrate EA : Executing Agency EAF : Environment Assessment Framework ECOP : Environmental Codes of Practice EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan EO : Environmental Officer FEO : Field Environmental Officer FGD : Focus Group Discussion FFA : Framework Financing Agreement GOI : Government of GP : Gram panchyat GSB : Granular Sub Base HA : Hectare HC : Hydro Carbon IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination IRC : Indian Road Congress LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas MFF : Multitranche Financing Facility MORD : Ministry of Rural Development MORTH : Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MOU : Memorandum of Understanding NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGO : Non Governmental Organisation NOx : Nitrogen Oxide NC : Not Connected NGO : Non-Government Organization NRRDA : National Rural Road Development Agency PIU : Project Implementation Unit PIC : Project Implementation Consultants PRIs : Panchyati Raj Institutions PMGSY : Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana POL : Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants PPTA : Project Preparation Technical Assistance ROW : Right-of-Way RPM : Respirable Particulate Matter RRP : Report and Recommendation of the President RRSIP II : Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program SRRDA : State Rural Road Development Agency SBD : Standard Bidding Documents

SO2 : Sulphur di-Oxide SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter TA : Technical Assistance TOR : Terms of Reference TSC : Technical Support Consultants UG : Upgradation WBM : Water Bound Macadam ZP : Zilla Parisad

Technical Support Consultant iv Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

RURAL ROADS SECTOR II INVESTMENT PROGRAMME: CHHATTISGARH

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND As one of the key features of the Government’s poverty reduction agenda for the rural sector, the Government of India (GoI) is implementing a nation-wide rural road investment program, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). PMGSY aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to currently un-served habitations in India’s rural areas, where 70% of the population live. The Rural Roads Sector I Project (RRSIP) under Asian Development Bank Loan 2018- IND covering states of and Chhattisgarh was approved by ADB Board in November 2003 and the loan was made effective from January 2005. The original scope of the project was to construct and upgrade about 5500 km of rural roads in each of the two states. After subproject preparation, the approved length of roads in Chhattisgarh worked to 5936 Km with a cost of about Rs. 12.251 million. The state is implementing three batches of subprojects under the project. The GoI has entered into a Framework Financing Agreement (FFA) with ADB for the Rural Road Sector II Project (RRSIIP). The GoI sought financial assistance from ADB through a Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) for the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY).The requested MFF is for $750 million over 5 years. It represents 36% of the total financing plan for the identified Investment Program under the PMGSY. The MFF has a maximum utilization period of 5 years. The first Loan for $180 million was made effective on 18 October 2006. It proposed to have a fresh batch of subprojects (batch 4) in the state of Chhattisgarh under RRSIIP. The Government is now planning to submit to ADB the fifth Periodic Finance Request (PFR) that includes the proposal for the fresh batch of subprojects (batch 4) in the state of Chhattisgarh as mentioned above. The Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for fourth batch have been prepared. The project as per classification of ADB has been categorised as ‘Category B’ project and therefore requires an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). The Initial environmental examination (IEE) for the fourth batch was prepared by using environmental checklist. The present volume of the report covers the summary of the environmental checklist for the fourth batch. The report has been prepared by M/s Operations Research Group (P) Ltd., The Technical Support Consultants (TSC) appointed by National Rural Road Development Agency (NRRDA) under the ADB loan assistance.

1.2 STATUS OF BATCH- IV PROJECTS IN CHHATTISGARH

A list of district wise subproject roads under the fresh batch (Batch IV) is presented in Appendix 1. Summary of the proposed subprojects is as under:

No. of districts where subprojects are located : 6 No. of Packages : 58 No. of subproject roads : 426 Total length of roads (km) : 1384.89 These districts are located in the central and eastern parts of the state. In this batch of subprojects, the longest road is 14.20 km (Baramkela-Sohela to Jhal Khamharriya in ), while the shortest is 0.65 km (06T03 to Kodamal in district), the average length works out to 3.25km.

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Figure 1.1: District Map of Chhattisgarh

1.3 RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS The proposal for rural road construction works typically considers a 10-12 m right of way (ROW), which includes side slopes for embankment, side drains on either side of the alignment. The construction proposals are confined to the existing alignment of the unpaved tracks. Majority of these are foot/pathways traditionally used by the villagers and transformed into the present form of unpaved tracks/roads through minor construction works taken up by the communities, local bodies and State Government over the decades. 1.4 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 1.4.1 Corridor of Impact and Study Area Based on the proposed cross-section, 15m (7.5m on each side of the existing alignment) has been considered as the direct area of influence or the corridor of impact (COI) for IEE. In addition, a 10 km wide corridor (5 km on each side) of the proposed alignment has been considered for assessment of the baseline environmental conditions of the region as a whole. 1.4.2 Field Visits Based on the environmental checklist of each road, TSC carried out random checking in the field from different stretches / locations in districts covered by the fourth batch in November, 2009 to February, 2010. 1.4.3 Secondary Data Collection Upon the completion of field appraisal, secondary environmental data pertaining to the significant environmental issues were collected from various governments and non- governmental / research institutions for assessment of the baseline environment of the project locations / region as a whole.

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1.4.4 Primary Data Collection The primary data generation was limited to the ecological investigation of typical sensitive areas among the selected rural road construction proposals. Similarly, a rapid tree enumeration survey was also carried out in some of the selected stretches of the rural road construction proposals. The details of the investigations are included under the section 2 and 3 of this report. 1.5 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT This report summarises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the Batch IV of 1384.89 km of rural roads in Chhatisgarh and is based on the environmental checklists prepared for the sub projects by the PIUs and PIC. The IEE has been carried out in accordance with the Bank’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and new Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

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SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

The PMGSY program has mandate to provide all-weather roads to all the rural habitations within the country. The PMGSY guidelines have the following priorities for establishing the rural connectivity.

¾ Unconnected habitations with population of 1000 or more ¾ Unconnected habitations with population of 500 to 999 or in population located in designated hilly or desert areas or with predominantly scheduled caste or scheduled tribe population, greater than 250. ¾ Population of 1000 or more presently connected by all-weather gravel roads. ¾ Population that satisfy the criteria described in category two above presently connected by all weather roads. ¾ Population of 1000 or more presently connected by all weather paved or WBM roads requiring rehabilitation. ¾ Population that satisfy the criteria described in category two above presently connected by all weather paved or WBM requiring rehabilitation

2.2 CATEGORY OF PROJECT

The Batch IV roads of Chhattisgarh Rural Road funded by the Rural Road Development Program under the PMGSY is categorised as ‘B’ in accordance with the ADB’s Environmental Policy 2003 as translated into the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 as well as new Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) are to be carried out for projects under the Category B. The Category B projects are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts but of lesser degree and / or significance than Category A projects, which require detailed EIA studies.

2.3 NEED FOR PROJECT

The rural road connectivity is seen as a catalyst for rural sector development by promoting access to health, education facilities and as an avenue to increased economic opportunities, leading to increased agricultural income and productive employment opportunities. The rural road development project is expected to play a dominant role in development of rural sector and ensuring sustainable poverty reduction program.

2.4 ROADS FOR IEE

The 1384.89 km of rural roads of the Batch IV is spread over 6 districts. The district wise detailed distribution of the 1384.89 km roads is given in Appendix I and district wise summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Summarised District wise Distribution of Rural Roads under Batch IV Sr. Name of the No of No. of Length of Roads (km) No District packages Road Total Minimum Maximu . s m 1 Bilaspur 11 57 206.28 1.05 10.71 2 Durg 12 97 255.6 0.75 7.15 3 Korba 6 29 130.7 0.75 10.9 4 Raigarh 8 85 260.18 0.90 14.2 5 Raipur 8 84 272.68 0.65 11.35 6 Mahasamund 13 74 259.45 0.75 12.25 Total/ Overall 58 426 1384.89 0.65 14.20

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2.5 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The construction cost of rural roads of 1384.89 km under the Batch IV is broadly estimated at Indian INR 4502.993 millions approx. (excluding maintenance cost). Package wise cost is given in Appendix I.

2.6 SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The 1384.89 km rural road construction works are likely to commence from April, 2010.

2.7 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

2.7.1 Rural Road Construction Proposals

The rural road construction work will provide 7.5 m roadway width with 3.75 m carriageway in plain terrain. The proposal considers a 3.75 m cement concrete pavement with lined storm water drains for stretches passing through waterlogged/water overtopping/ flood prone areas. The proposal also considers a 3.75 m bituminous pavement with lined storm water drains for stretches passing through the habitations. The pavement design considers a base layer of variable thickness as per the design with granular sub base, 150 mm thick water bound macadam (WBM grade I & II) and finally topped with 20 mm thick bituminous pavement. Adequate cross drainage structures like pipe or slab culverts/bridge structures are considered for drainage channels across the roads. The construction will be in accordance with Indian Roads Congress (IRC) road manual. Figure 2.1 is showing typical cross section of the rural roads.

The rural road construction works will be in conformance with the Rural Roads Manual and / or Technical Specifications (IRC: SP20: 2002) for Rural Roads published by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) on behalf of Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.

2.7.2 Present Condition

The project roads mainly pass through plain or undulating or rocky or riverine terrain with agricultural area. The project roads have several cross drainage structure, electric post and telephone post along the existing alignment. There are some Shops, Temple, Mosque, Primary or Secondary Schools, Offices beside the roads alignment, but will not be affected for the widening of roads.

The present environmental condition of the roads from the environmental impact sample checklist is summarized in Table 2.2 and road wise salient environmental features from field observation and checking of sample checklist (57 nos. road, 218.5 Km, 13.38% of the total road, i.e. 426 nos. under the Batch IV as presented in Appendix -II is shown in Table 2.3.

Table 2.2: Summary of Environmental Condition of Batch IV sample Roads

Environmental impact checklist points Status as reported in the Checklists A. Climate Conditions Temperature (oC) High Maximum 45.9oC Low Minimum 8.9oC Humidity (%) High Maximum 80% Low Minimum 25% Rainfall (mm/year) 1000 mm to 1800mm

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Environmental impact checklist points Status as reported in the Checklists Rainy Season (---month to ---month) June to September B. Locations of the Road Coastal area None of the roads are in coastal belt Mangrove (along roadside) None of roadside having mangroves Hilly/Mountainous area Forest area Korba, Raigarh Lake/Swamp Mahasamund, Raipur, Durg, Village (local village ponds known as Nistari) Inhabited area Riapur, Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, Korba and Mahasamund districts Agricultural land All six districts Barren land None Flat area Raigarh, Raipur, Korba, Mahasamund, Bilaspur and Durg C. Description of the Road Environment Is the area along the project road prone to landslide No problems? Is the area along the project road prone to flooding No flooding problem problems? Along the road and within 500 m of the road None of the roads have Natural habitats along or shoulder, is there any area with natural habitat? within 500m from the project road. Along the road and within 500 m of the road None of the roads have any species of flora and shoulder, is there any species of flora and fauna that fauna that is classified as endangered species. is classified as endangered species? Along the road and within 500 m of the road None of the roads have any faunal breeding ground. shoulder, is there any faunal breeding ground? Along the road and within 500 m of the road None of the roads have any bird migration area. shoulder, is there any bird migration area? D. Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Encroachment on historical/cultural areas? None of the roads have encroachment of historical areas. In few cases some religious structure like temples are located with 3-5 m from the centerline. Disfiguration by road embankments, cuts, landscape None of the roads have disfiguration by road by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? embankments, cuts, landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries. Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or None of the roads have encroachment on precious protected areas)? ecology. Water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, None of the road is crossing natural stream. Only resulting in increased sediment in streams affected local and seasonal drains are being crossed. by increased soil erosion at construction site? (Mitigation measures are proposed, adequately sized culvert is being provided). Deterioration of surface water due to sanitary wastes None (mitigation measures are proposed) from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction? Inconvenient environmental condition due to poor None (mitigation measures are proposed) sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites? Inconvenient environmental condition due possible None (mitigation measures are proposed) transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations? Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt None (mitigation measures are proposed) runoff? Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, None (mitigation measures are proposed) cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing? Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil None (mitigation measures are proposed) works? Inconvenience due to land slide or erosion? None Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? None

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Environmental impact checklist points Status as reported in the Checklists Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in None living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress? Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito None (mitigation measures are proposed) vectors of disease? Accident risks associated with increased vehicular Yes (mitigation measures are proposed) traffic leading to loss of life? Inconvenience due to transportation of construction None (mitigation measures are proposed) materials? E. Public Consultation Consultation with local community was conducted Yes (for each road) before finalizing the alignment? Any suggestion received in finalizing the alignment? Yes for all districts If suggestions received, do they get incorporated into Yes for all district roads design? F. Permit/Clearance Required Prior to Commencing Civil Work SPCB–No objection Certificate None Forest Department Yes, As per state rule MOEF None For water extraction Yes from CGWB in case of Ground water For Quarry Having Licensed quarries For Disposing Spoil Materials None Others(Describe in the remarks column) SPCB-No Objection Certificate required for vehicles deployed for the construction work.

Table 2.3: Salient Environmental Features: Batch IV Sample Roads under observation

District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features

• There is one small pond at km 0.500 (RHS) Nikum to Masabhata • Road is passing through agricultural land Road • Masabata Village at one end of crossing (2.35 km) Durg • Thre area along the project is not flood prone • Project does not pass through forest Main Road T01-to • No Pond along project road Jhenjhari (2.40) • Two no. trees will be affected due to the project • Forest area from CH- 5300 m to CH-5600 m Both sides. • There is a small Pond at CH-4700 m at RHS Kherketa to Banjari Dondi Lohara • Kherkata, Bhimpuri and Durgitola village at (5.60Km) Chainage 0.00, 2500 m & 5200 m respectively is located along the project road. • The area is generally flat in nature • There are three small ponds at Chainage 50 (left Durg side), 1500 & 3300 m (right side). • Kadbattar village at chainage 3600 m at the end Kodekasa to Khadbathar Dondi Lohara of the project road. (3.55 Km) • The area is generally flat in nature. Not flood prone. • Project does not pass through forest • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • Forest area from Chainage 1600 to 3600 m along the project road Markatola to Pewari • There are two small ponds at Chainage 600 & Dondi Lohara (3.6 Km) 3300 m (on right side of the project road). • Tillupara and Pevari villages at chainage 1850 m and 3300 m respectively along the project road • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides

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District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features

• There are two small ponds at Chainage 1200m (left side) & 1800m (right side) Gorkapara Artunda Bhilai road to villages at the end of the project road. Goodardehi Gorkapar • No area along the project road is prone to (2.0 Km) flooding. • No tree will be affected due to the project. • There is one small pond at chainage 200 m (right side) along the project road. • Bhilai village and Till kheri village at chainage Main road to Tilkhairi 0.00 m and 1800 m respectively along the Goodardehi (1.85 Km) project road. • The area is generally flat in nature • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There are four small ponds at Chainage 2200 m, 2825 m, 3600 m & 4500 m (all are on right side) along the project road. Kandu to Rouna • Kumarpara and Rouna villages at chainage 2500 Goodardehi (4.65 Km) m and 4000 m respectively along the project road. • No area along the project road is prone to Durg flooding. (Contd.) • There is one small pond at chainage 1900 m (left side) along the project road. Kanharpuri to Silli • Jata Dharra village at the end of the road. Dhamdha (4.10 Km) • The area is generally flat in nature • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There is one pond at chainage at 1700 m (left side) along the project road. Main Road T-09 to • Nava gaon village at the end of the project road. Dhamdha Nawagaon • The road passes through the agriculture land on (2.0 Km) both sides • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • There are two ponds at chainage 2000 m (right side) and 5680 m (left side) along the project road. Ahirwar to Dhour • Sandi, Malpuri and Thor villages at chainages Dhamdha (7.15 Km) 2000 m, 5400 m and 7000 m respectively along the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides Sambalpuri Chowk • Flat agricultural land along the road Kolaibahai (T02)to • Forest area (dense) at Chainage 200m to 1400 Raigarh Saraipali m on both sides (1.90 km) • Saraipali town at end of project road • Flat agricultural land • Forest area from chainage 220-800 m and Sambalpur Chowk Chainage 2500-3500 m on both sides Kolaibahai (T02) to Raigarh • One pond at km 7.200 (RHS) Jharguda (8.30 km) • Three villages i.e. Tilga at start, Natwarpur at km 4.500 and Devbahal at km 5.8. Jharguda village Raigarh is at the end. • There is one pond (right side) at chainage Chandarpur-Barmakela 1000m. Baramkela road to Manikpur • Manikpur village at the end of the project road. (1.10 Km) • The road passes through the agriculture land • No trees impacted • Kanchapur village at the end of the project road. Chandarpur to • No area along the project road is prone to Baramkela Kanchanpur flooding. (1.25 Km) • The road passes through the agriculture land.

Technical Support Consultant 8 Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features

• There three ponds at 900 m (left side), 4400 m (left side) and 10000 m (on both side). • Linger village at 3500 m, Baganpur at 4400 m, Chatipali to Kapartunga Tirapali at 5300 m and Kapartunga village at the Baramkela (12.45 Km) end of the project road. • The area is generally flat in nature. The road passes through the agriculture land. • No trees impacted • Forest area from start of the road to 300 m on both the sides of the project road. • There is one pond (right side) at chainage Domanara-Darripali to 1000m. Kharsiya Karuadih • Tumidih and Deradih villages at 750 m and 3100 (1.54 Km) m chainage at the end of the project road. • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There are two ponds at 1250 m (right side) and 3250 m (left side) chainage. Raigarh Kolai Bahal road • Kukarda at start and Dongerpali village at the Raigarh to Doomarpali end of the project road. (4.02 Km) • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. Raigarh • No trees impacted (Contd.) • Bhikarimal village at the end of the project road. T-03 to Bhikharimal • The road passes through the agriculture land. Raigarh (1.05 Km) The area is generally flat in nature • 1 no tree will be impacted • Forest area from chainage 200 m to 1400 m on both the sides of the project road. Khichrikaran pali (L-044) • There is one pond (left side) at chainage 1600 m. Raigarh to Sapnai • Sapnai village at the end of the project road. (1.90 Km) • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There is one pond (right side) at chainage 2000 m and two major nalas at 200 m and 1400 m along the project road. Saraipali T-049 to • Two villages Pathrapali and Dabgaon at S'arangarh Deogaon chainage 2100 m and 2300 m respectively. (2.56 Km) • The road passes through the agriculture land • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • There is one pond (left side) at chainage 1400 m. • Borabahal village at 1900 m at the end of the T-06 to Ghatora S'arangarh project road. (4.30 Km) • The area is generally flat in nature • 4 no trees will be impacted • There are about 200 shrubs to be removed in the initial stretch of 500 m Pendri (S) to Sorla Patharia • Villages Pendri and Sorla at one end. (1.35km) • Impact on one school at Sorla avoided by realigning the road • Forest from km 3.0 to km 4.0 on both sides of road Pathrapali to Korvibanka • There is one pond at km 1.70 (LHS) Bilha Bilaspur (9.0 km) • Pathrapali at start , Korbi village at km 4.100 and Banka village at the end • Road passes through agriculture and flat area • Forest area of 1 km from chainage 3000 m to 4000 m on both the sides of the project road. Pathrapali to Korbibanka • There is one pond (left side) at chainage 1700 m. Bilha (9.00 Km) • Pathrapali at start point, Korbi at 4100 m and Banka village at the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land.

Technical Support Consultant 9 Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features

• There are four ponds at right side at chainage 3600 m, 4100 m, 4700 m and 7100 m (major) T-08 Kadar to Kuwan • Kadar at start point, Sharda at 4000 m and Kuan Bilha (7.3 Km) village at the end of the project road. • The area is generally flat in nature • No trees impacted • There are four ponds at 2200 m (left side), 2800 m (right side), 3300 m (left side) and 3800 m (right side) chainages. Amanwara to Udangi • Amanpara village at start point, Chora kona at Masturi Mahimad (4.60 Km) 2300 m and Mahimad the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture Bilaspur land.The area is generally flat in nature (Contd.) • One pond at chainage 600 m on right side of the road. Also three three nalas at 2600 m, 3000 m and 4400 m exist on the project road. T-02 (Kulikukda) to Masturi • Three villages Kokda at start, Udangi at 3100 m Basaha (5.01 Km) and Basha at the end of the project road. • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There are two ponds at 600 m and 1500 m on left hand side of the road. • Siltara village at 1500 m and Batli village at the Pathariya T-06 to Bhatali (4.00 Km) end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • Flat agricultural land NH-6 to Kasibarha • 1 drain crosses the project road at CH-100m. Pithora (2.30 km) • There is one pond at km 0.750 • No trees impacted • Choti Temri at 1650 m and Badi Temri at the end of the road. NH6 to Badi Temri Basna • The road passes through the agriculture land. (2.52 km) • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There is one pond (left side) at chainage 300 m. NH-6 to Banipali • Banipali village at the end of the project road. Basna (2.10 km) • The area is generally flat in nature • No tree need to be felled • There are four ponds at chainage 2670 m (left side), 2400 (right side), 4500 m (right side) and 6000 (left side). Chanat to Rangmatia • Gaon Atal chowk at 5100 and Rang watia village Mahasa- Basna mund (3.25 km) at the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • There is one small pond (left side) at chainage 2000 m and another pond (right side) is at chainage 2800 m. NH-6 to Chohali patera • Chaindeepa at 200 m and Chuvali Patera village Pathora (3.25 Km) at the end of the project road. • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • The area is generally flat in nature • Tilanjanpur at 2200 m and Savitripur at the end of the project road. Baghat devri to Savitri • The road passes through the agriculture land Pithora pur 5 no trees need to be felled (5.4 Km) • • No area along the project road is prone to flooding

Technical Support Consultant 10 Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features

• There are three pond at chainage 150 m (right side) and at 800 m one is at right and another is Mahasa- at left side of the project road. Mahasa- Boring to Kukredi mund • Kukredi village at the end of the project road. mundh (3.6 Km) (Contd.) • The road passes through the agriculture land • No area along the project road is prone to flooding • Mainly agricultural land Pawadi Lo 70 to Hardipara • The Project Road connects to Hardipara Uproda (3.3 km) • No tree need to be felled • Forest at chainage from 4700 m to 7000 m. • There are two ponds at 1800 m (left side) and at 2400 m (right hand. Pawadi T-04 to Shirkikala • Dharipadana village at start point, Manpur village Uproda (8.75Km) Korba at 2700m, Banjiban village at 4900 m and Sirkikala village at the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land • Project Road passes through thick forest and is T04 to Chaturgarh located in hilly area Pali Temple • The project road connects to tourism and temple (7.8 km) at Chaturgarh • No habitation along project road • There is one pond at chainage 900 m (left side) and big river called Mahamaya river at the end of the project road. • Mohmola villages at the end of the road. Kutela to Momela (1.7 Aarang The road passes through the agriculture land on Km) • both sides • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. At the end of the road river Mahamaya exist at significant distance of 200 meter. • The area is generally flat in nature. Hilly area from chainage 1900 m to 3200 m. • Forest area of about 2500 m distance on both Peerda to Charpali (5.6 sides along the project road. Bilaigarh Km) • There are two ponds at 690 m and 5320 m respectively along the project road. • One village i.e. Charpali at the end of the project road. Raipur • Forest area of about 1100 m distance on both sides along the project road. Parsapali to Gardeeh • There is no water body along the project road. Bilaigarh (2.2 Km) • Gardih village at the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides • Forest area of about 1200 m distance on both sides along the project road. • There is one pond (left side) at chainage 7615 m, one stop dam at 7500 m and two Canals at 5700 m and 6100 m respectively along the project Bhatgaon to Tendudarha Bilaigarh road. (11.35 Km) • Five villages i.e. Batgaon at start, Deosagar at 2500 m, Boerdih at 5700 m, Amlipara at 8500 m and Tenudarha village at the end of the project road. • The area is generally flat in nature

Technical Support Consultant 11 Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

District Block Road Name (length) Salient Environmental Features • Road is passing through agricultural flat land • Road passes through forest area from 0.000 to Mudhipahar To 1.6000 Kasdol Piparchedi Mundhpahar village at start and Pipachedi village (3.10 km) • at end • Project area is flat • There are three ponds at km 0.40,1.0 and 3.250 respectively • Bardih village at the end of project road Hirmi to Bardih • The road passing through agricultural and flat Simga (3.80 km) area • The area along the project road is not flood prone. • No tree need to be felled • There is no water bodies along the project road • Nahardih village at the end of the project road Chadiya to Nardeeh (1.0 Tilda The road passes through the agriculture land on Km) • both sides • No tree need to be felled • There is four ponds at different chainage 300 m, 1400 m, 1900 m and 2600 m respectively along the project road. • Two villages i.e. Chadia village at start and Chadiya to Madaipur Tilda Madaipur village the end of the project road. (2.725 Km) • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides Raipur • No area along the project road is prone to (Contd.) flooding. • There is one pond (right side) at chainage of 700 m along the project road. • Dadar-Jhori village at the end of the project road. T-06 to Dadarjhori (3.2 Abhanpur • The road passes through the agriculture land on Km) both sides • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There is no water body along the project road. • Bhurkoni at 900 m distance and Kanera villages at the end of the project road. Abhanpur Kheli to Kanhera (2.85 ) • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides • No area along the project road is prone to flooding. • There is one pond (left side) at chainage of 200 m along the project road. Kulyari to Lakhna (2.85 • Two villages i.e. Kolyari village at 200 m and Abhanpur Km) Lakhna village at the end of the project road. • The road passes through the agriculture land on both sides. The area is generally flat in nature • There is no water bodies along the project road • Nahardih village at the end of the project road Chaddiya To Nahardih Tilda The road passes through the agriculture land on (1.0 Km) • both sides • No tree need to be felled

2.7.3 Available Right of Way (ROW)

The existing width of tracks generally varies between 3-12 m in stretches passing through agricultural lands or habitations and 8-15m in stretches through the open lands / agricultural fields. As per the information available with Chhattisgarh Rural Road Development Agency (CGRRDA), in most of the roads the required ROW of 10-15m is

Technical Support Consultant 12 Operations Research Group Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads available even in stretches passing through the agricultural lands. The ROW has been encroached and put to agricultural use by the adjacent landowners in some of the road construction proposals. In case of barren land there is no problem to get required alignment width.

The private landowners along the proposed right of way (ROW) are voluntarily parting the encroached land and in some cases parted even their own private land without any compensation, anticipating the developmental benefits from the road construction works. In case of construction works through the intermediate rural settlements / habitations the carriageway width is restricted to 3.75 m and sometimes a cement concrete pavement is considered in such cases.

The ROW requirement in built up area may be squeezed to 6 m along with the drain and for these stretches, a provision of service lane before and after the stretch in both direction has been proposed.

2.7.4 Alignment and profile

The existing road is generally earthen track with some stretches of moorum in poor condition. Thus the project road is a new connectivity road. The existing Right of Way (ROW) is varying from 3.0 m to 6.0 m.

The construction works are to be confined to the existing alignment. The existing horizontal and vertical alignment / profile will be generally maintained except for minor smoothening or corrections to sustain consistent design speed without causing any land acquisition requirements and thereby the possible social and/or environmental concerns.

2.7.5 Traffic

The present traffic data on each of these rural roads typically vary between 10-15 vehicles per day on most of the rural stretches. The traffic largely comprises motor cycles/two wheelers, tractors, light commercial vehicles, animal drawn carts and bicycles.

2.7.6 Economic Assessment

The economic analysis carried out under the project has indicated that the rural road construction works will act as a catalyst for the rural economic growth and poverty alleviation of the community in the region.

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SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 GENERAL

The baseline environment of the study area1 along with environmental profile within the corridor of impact (COI) of the project roads are given in this section.

3.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCES

3.2.1 Topography, geology and soil

Chhatisgarh one of the newly formed state in the country, has a geographic area of 135000 sq km. It has plain as well as hilly terrain. The plain areas are known ‘Rice Bowl’ of Central India. The State lies between latitude 170 46' North to240 5' North and longitude 80015' and 84020' East.

The surface water inflow into State is through four major interstate rivers Ganga, , Godavari and Narmada. Chhatisgarh is surrounded by Orissa and in the East, Andhra Pradesh in the South, Uttar Pradesh in the North, and Madhya Pradesh in the North- West and Maharashtra in the South-West. Landlocked in the central part of the country, Chhattisgarh has a topography that is crossed from north to south by plains separated by upland areas. Geographically the state is divided as northern plains, hilly region of Vindhyas, Narmada Valley, Malwa Pleateau and plains of Chattisgarh. Ground elevation in the project region varies from 200 m to 750 m above mean sea level.

The soils of state are rich and fertile. The state has a variety of soils ranging from rich clayey to gravely. The major groups of soils found in the state can be divided in to following four categories i.e. alluvial, medium & deep black; shallow & medium black; and mixed red & black.

3.2.2 Earthquake Zone / Sensitivity

Earthquake History In peninsula India the state of Chhatisgarh, along with Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, has suffered from frequent earthquakes, both deadly and damaging, although not located on or near any plate boundaries. All the earthquakes here, as in all of peninsula India, are intraplate events. Most of the activity is confined to the Narmada-Son fault zone which runs across the state. Several faults have been identified in this region out of which many show evidence of movement during the Holocene epoch. Among them and the most prominent is the Narmada-Son South Fault zone that runs from near Khargaon in western Madhya Pradesh in an east-northeasterly direction right upto the Rihand reservoir in southern Jharkhand in the east. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes. Seismic Hazard

The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Apart from the merging of Zones I and II into Zone II in the latest map, there are no major changes from the BIS 1984 map. Zone III stretches across the length of the state, some portion near Jharkhand also come Zone II. The maximum expected intensity is VI and VII (MSK). Since the earthquake database in India is still incomplete,

1 Defined under 1.4 of Section 1.0 Technical Support Consultants 15 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads especially with regards to earthquakes prior to the historical period (before 1800 A.D.), these zones offer a rough guide of the earthquake hazard in any particular region and need to be regularly updated

According to GSHAP data, the state of Chhattisgarh falls in a region of low to moderate seismic hazard. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, Chhattisgarh also falls in Zones II & III. Historically, parts of this state have experienced seismic activity in the M 5.0-6.0 range. Figure 3.2 Classifications of 3.2.3 Climate Earthquake Zones of Chhattisgarh

The region experiences typical tropical climate. It is characterized by hot summer season and general dryness except in the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to about the middle of June. The period from mid-June to September is the southwest monsoon season. October and November constitute the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The maximum temperature during summers ranges from 33ºC to 46ºC while minimum temperature from 30ºC to 19ºC. The Temperature during the winter season ranges between of 27ºC to 9ºC. The monsoon season spreads from the month of June to September with average rainfall of 1000 mm in the west to 2000 mm in the eastern part of state. The mean annual rainfall in the state is 1200 mm. The salient climatic features of the state are as fallow:

Average Annual Rainfall - 1200 mm Concentration of precipitation - June to September Humidity - 25 to 75 % Cloudiness - Heavily clouded in monsoon Wind - Generally light Mean Temperature - Summer: 290C, Winter: 90C

3.2.4 Land Use

About 50% of the geographical area (135000 sq. km) of the state is available for crop production. About 98 percent of the land area in the state in available under various land uses. Major portion of the land use is under agriculture followed by forest cover (about 44 percent). The area under various land uses in the state is presented in the Table 3.2.

Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture, barren and residential areas.

Table 3.2: Land Use Pattern in the State

Land Use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Total Geographical area 13966 - Land Non Agriculture Use 673 4.81 Barren and Uncultivable land 352 2.52 Permanent Pastures and Grazig land 870 6.23 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 001 0.007

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Land Use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Cultivable waste land 329 2.36 Current fallows 234 1.68 Old Fallow land 219 1.57 Gross Cropped Area 5844 41.84 Net Cropped Area 4824 34.54 Area Sown More than Once 820 5.87

3.2.5 Water Resources and Water Quality

The State has sufficient water resources and a large untapped potential. The main pressures facing this sector include the low utilization of developed water resources, inequitable development of resources, and low coverage of urban water supply, low operation and maintenance budget, thin spread of resources, low recovery rate and tarrif.

Surface water inflow into the State is through four major interstate rivers-Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, and Narmada. The river waters are utilized for irrigation, urban water supply and aquaculture. The estimated surface water available for use is around 41,720 Million Cubic Meter (MCM). None of the water sources are safe for drinking or bathing without conventional water treatment. The overall stage of development of ground water is low, generally in the range of 6.29% in to 53.99% in . However, there are few pockets of intensive development. Out of 146 blocks, stage of ground water development in 4 blocks has crossed 70%. Gurur Block in has the highest stage of ground water development (84.6%). Four blocks (, Saja, Baramkela, and Belha) have stages of ground water development between 60 and 70%. All other blocks have stage of development less than 60%.

In Chhattisgarh, surface water is mostly of good quality, but pollution is increasing in major towns due to increasing urbanization. Rivers such as Shivnath, Hasdeo, Indrawati, Kharoon etc. are found to be polluted at different stretches due to industrial, domestic and agricultural pollution. Among all the rivers, Hasdeo river is the most polluted. Surface and ground water resources in the State are disturbed due to major industrial centers located in the State at Bhilai, Korba, Raipur, Bilaspur, and Raigarh districts. One of the biggest steel plants of the country and many ancillary industries are located in Bhilai. In Korba, besides a super thermal power station, an aluminum smelter unit is also present. Major cement plants are operating in Raipur and Bilaspur area. Thermal power stations using coal emit vast quantities of fly ash and coal dust .If adequate measures are not taken the deposition of these on the surface water bodies can bring down the infiltration rate and consequently the ground water recharge. Water used in manufacturing industry picks up high TDS, acidity or alkalinity, heavy metals such as Cr6+, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, Fe, and Mn. etc. Where water is used for cooking purposes, algae inhibitors and pH adjustors are often used. This result in high temperature (Thermal Pollution), and increase in TDS, acidity, alkalinity etc. Contamination of groundwater with fluoride, heavy metals, arsenic, nitrate and brackishness has been reported in eight districts of Chhattisgarh. Ground water level in these districts has dropped by more than four metres in the period 1981-2000. Bhilai, Korba, Raipur, Bilaspur, Raigarh and Sarguja are the notable districts affected by ground water contamination.

The Government will develop mechanism for water resource management including conservation of wetlands, encouragement of optimal use and recycling of waste water, assessment and monitoring of quality of surface and ground water and its optimal utilization and promotion of judicious use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and implementing measures against their disposal into water bodies. Chattisgarh

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Environment Conservation Board (CECB) is involved in the preparation of action Plan for prevention/control of pollution in streams due to discharge of sewage into the water bodies of the State. The State Government has initiated the Rs.6,000 million ‘Indira Gaon Ganga Yojna’ scheme under which every village would be provided with atleast one dependable and sustainable source of water for drinking and other needs. The scheme also sensitizes the communities towards the need to preserve water and avoid wastage. Under the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP), Government of India has sanctioned a loan assistance of around Rs.3280 million for three major projects. According to government estimates, Rs.98,870 million would be needed to make drinking water available through out the State.

The rural road construction proposals are normally cross small drainage channels, which eventually join the major channels/rivulets. All of these channels generally remain dry for most part of the year and drain the storm water for few weeks only during or after the monsoon.

Several hand operated tube wells/wells are seen alongside of the existing tracks in many of the proposed road construction proposals. These tube wells appear to be serving as the main source of drinking water for rural communities in the region. . 3.2.6 Ambient Air Quality

The Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Board maintain database on the ambient air quality of the state. However, such database is limited to major cities/ urban centres and some selected industrial areas The consultants have referred data on ambient air quality from Initial Environmental examination Report of Chhatigah State Road Sector Development Project. The ambient air quality data reported in Mahasamund, Raigarh, Korba, Raipur and Bilaspur districts is in the following ranges:

• SO2= 6-15 ug/m3 • RPM = 18-93 ug/m3 • NOx = 16-30 ug/m3 • CO= 1-1.5 ppm • SPM = 70-180 ug/m3

These levels were recorded at habitations close to state highways and these are well within the limits of current Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Along the proposed road construction proposals, neither there is any industrial activity nor significant vehicular traffic contributing to air pollution. Therefore the ambient air quality is expected to be within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for all parameters2 excepting the dust or particulate matter. The occasional vehicular movement on unpaved roads led to formation of dust clouds over short periods

3.2.7 Ambient Noise Levels

Similar to the database on air quality, the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution control Board maintain a database on the ambient noise levels for major cities/urban centres and some selected industrial areas. No secondary data is available for the project districts particularly representing the rural areas. Along the proposed road construction proposals, neither there is significant industrial activity nor significant vehicular traffic contributing to ambient noise levels. The occasional vehicular movement on the unpaved roads contributes to increased noise levels over short duration limited to daytime. The existing roads do not appear to have vehicular traffic in the night time. Therefore the ambient noise levels are expected to be within the National Ambient Noise Standards.

2 Parameters like Oxides of Sulphur, Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Benzene Technical Support Consultants 18 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

3.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

3.3.1 Vegetation

Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. There are four important forest types viz. Tropical Moist, Tropical Dry, Tropical Thorn, Subtropical broadleaved Hill forests. The forest area can also be classified based on the composition of forest and terrain of the area. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely Teak forest, Sal forest and miscellaneous Forests. Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. To obviate pressure on the natural forests, plantations have been undertaken in forest and non forest areas to supplement the availability of fuel wood, small timber, fodder etc.

About 12% of the India’s forests are in Chhattisgarh, and 44% of the states land is under forests. Identified as one of the richest bio-diversity habitats, the Green State of Chhattisgarh has the densest forests in India and above all, over 200 non-timber forest products, with tremendous potential for value addition. The state covers 4.4% of the total geographical area of the country. Over 0.59 lakh sq. km area in the State is under forest constituting about 44% of its geographical area. Its neighbouring state Madhya Pradesh has 26.9% of its entire area comprising of 83,016 sq.km for forest cover and it constitutes about 11.0% of the country’s forest and tree cover. Out of the total forest cover placed at 56448 Sq.Km. the extent of dense forest is 37880 and open forest is 18568 Sq.Km. The changes in forest cover in the year 2001 as compared to 1999 shows a decline in forest cover by 245 Sq.Km. (0.432%).

The floral biodiversity is complex comprising of different species including Aonla, Neem , Imli , Harra , Bel , Baheda , Baibidang , Baichandi, Adusa, Kalihari, Safed Mulsi, Kali musli , Aloe vara , Lemon grass , Bixa orellana , Ashwagandha, Isabghol , Sarpa gandha, Malkangni , Kali haldi , Nirmali , Kuchla , Tikhur , Keokand , Kiwanch , Sarphokha Bhuai amla , Giloy , Nagar motha , Kalmegh , Satabar , Bidarikand , Ananth Mul , Brahmi , Bach , Jangli haldi , Jangli piaj , Rasna , Chitrak, Shankpuspi , Ratti, Tejraj , Bhojraj , Gokhaur , Bavachi, Bhragnraj , Salparni and senna . In Chhattisgarh 1,685 specimens of different plant species have been collected. Till now 1685 species belonging to 785 genera and 147 families have been identified and preserved in the herbarium. Ten dominant families of Chhattisgarh are Fabaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Acanthanaceae, Convulvulaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiacaeae, and Scorphulariaceae.

Along Batch IV project roads tree species mentioned above are seen. None of the road has any endangered species of flora.

3.3.2 Wildlife and Protected Area Network

Chhattisgarh is a pioneer state in the national movement for conservation of flora and fauna. Conservation oriented legal provisions were made in the erstwhile Acts regulating hunting of game -birds and wild animals. In tune with the national consciousness towards conservation of flora and fauna the state government began setting up a network of in- situ conservation areas (national parks and sanctuaries) under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. There is one National Parks and 9 Sanctuaries. The details of these are given below:

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Figuer: 3.3 Forest Map of Chhatisgarh

Table 3.3 shows the details of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of the State.

Table 3.3: Detail of Protected Areas in Chhattisgarh

Wildlife Sanctuaries Name of National Park Name of Wild Life Parks and Sanctuaries 1. Indravati National Park in 1. Achanakmar Wild Life Sanctuary Dantewada District 2. Badalkhol Wild Life Sanctuary 3. Bhairamgarh Wild Life Sanctuary 4 Gomarda Wild Life Sanctuary 5. Barnavapara Sanctuary

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Wildlife Sanctuaries 6. Pameda Wild Life Sanctuary 7. Sitandi Wild Life Sanctuary 8. Virgin Kurschel Valley Sanctuary

9. Bharamdev Wild Life sanctuary

Source: Office of the Chief Wildlife Warden, Forest Department, Chhatisgarh None of the Batch IV road passes through Wild Life Park or Sanctuary.

3.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

This section presents the demographic and socio-economic conditions of the State. The information relevant to the socio-economic indicators i.e. demographic, poverty, agriculture, fisheries, industries, energy, transport etc. has been included.

3.4.1 Demography

Chhattisgarh is a land-locked state in the central part of country with a population of about 20.83 million with more than about 70 percent of the population living in the rural areas. The human population density is 150 persons/km2 compared to 313 persons/km2 for the entire country. Sex ratio is 989 against the 933 in the country. Chhattisgarh has the largest tribal population in central India, which is diverse in location, origin, socio- cultural history, language, livelihood and level of development. In Chhattisgarh, tribal concentration is in the northeast and the southern parts of the State. The northeastern area is home to the Oraons, Kawar, Majhi, Bharia, Agaria, Nagasia, Khairwar, Dhanwar and Korwas, comprising districts of Surguja, Raigarh, Bilaspur and areas of other adjoining districts. The area has a number of primitive tribes such as Korwas and smaller groups of Baiga. The southern area comprising Bastar and Dantewada districts have very high tribal concentration and are populated by various tribes such as the Gond, Bhatra, Halba, Maria and Pardhi. In terms of population, the Gond is the largest tribe in Chhattisgarh. Poverty and deprivation, low income for livelihood and sustenance and loss of biodiversity and productivity have succumbed the tribes to health hazards. Fever, jaundice, malaria, cough, dysentry, fever, bodyache, headache, stomachache, are the common health ailments which are the health impacts on the tribal community in the State. The majority of the people survive on subsistence economy based mainly on the agriculture, supplemented with forest produces, animal husbandry, crafts/handloom, etc. Table 3.4 below presents the demographic features of the state.

Table 3.4: Demographic Features of Chhattisgarh and Country as per 2001 census Sl. No. Feature Chhattisgarh All India 1 Geographical Area (sq.km) 113966 32,87,240 2 Total Population 20830000 1,02,86,10,328 3 Density 150 313 4 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 989 933 5 Literacy (%) 63.7 64.8 6 Male (%) 76.1 75.3 7 Female (%) 51.9 53.7 Source: 1) Census Data, Census of India, 2001

A stagnant agriculture sector combined with poor industrial activity has severely limited employment opportunities outside the government. This has also put the government under fiscal stress as expenditure on wages and salaries including pensions and interest payments consume almost half of the total government expenditure.

3.4.2 Agriculture and Forestry

Agriculture is the basis of State's economy. Less than half of the land area is cultivable; however its distribution is quite uneven because of variations in topography, rainfall, and soils. The main cultivated areas are found in the Central and Eastern Part of the State.

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Chhattisgarh was known as the "rice bowl" of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh used to produce over seventy percent of the total paddy production in the country. Apart from paddy, cereals like maize, kodo-kutki and other small millets, pulses like tur and kulthi and oilseeds like groundnut, soyabean, niger and sunflower are also grown. Livestock sector in the State is mainly contributed by cattle, bovines, sheep, and goats. Bovines contribute to the maximum population of livestock in the State. tops in the bovine population, with Durg and Ambikapur taking the second and third position respectively. Among small ruminants, goats dominate in their population followed by sheep and poultry. Bilaspur and Raipur districts possess the highest population of ruminants in the State. There are 1467 irrigation reservoirs (80760 ha.) and 45,250 village ponds and tanks, (63498 ha.) thus contributing a total of 1,44,258 ha. available for fish culture in the newly formed state.

3.4.3 Fisheries The present production of fish in the state is approximately 96,660 tonnes; however, it has the potential to increase upto 1,45,000 tonnes i.e. an increase of 50% over a period of five years proposed in 10th five year plan.

The important fishes commonly found in the region’s plain and river basins are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus mirigale, Clarius, batrachus, Rita rita, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, N. Chitala, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, M. malconsoni, M. Chapral, Channa punetatus C. gaehua, C. striatus.

3.4.4 Transportation

Transportation system is a key factor in the socio-economic development of any state. In comparison with other Indian states, Chhattisgarh is poorly served with transport and communications facilities. State has about 21 km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per 100 sq. km. The road network is seriously deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Madras, Mumbay, and Kolkatta with their hinterlands. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa, Itarsi and Katni. Also connecting the state with other parts of India are airports at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa, and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways.

3.4.5 Mineral Resources

The brief description of mineral resources is presented below:

(a) Chhattisgarh is the richest State in terms of mineral wealth, with 28 varieties of major minerals, including diamonds. (b) Chhattisgarh, along with two other Indian States has almost all the coal deposits in India, which has led to its 'power hub' strategy. (c) All the tin ore in India is in Chhattisgarh.

(d) A fifth of iron ore in the country is here, and one of the best quality iron ore deposits in the world is found in the Bailadila mines in South Chhattisgarh, from where it is exported to Japan. (e) Rich deposits of Bauxite, Limestone, Dolomite and Corundum are found in the

State.

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A few major mineral deposits:of the state are as under: S.No. Minaeral Diposit 1. Coal 35000 million tonnes 2. Iron ore 2336 million tonnes 3. Lime stone 3580 million tonnes 4. Dolomite 606 million tonnes 5. Bauxite 96 million tonnes 6. Cassiterite 29 million tonnes

There is a great scope for private participation in the mining sector in Chhattisgarh. The State's Mineral Policy, 2001 has created a conductive business environment to attract private investment in the State, both domestic and international.

The State's Chhattisgarh Mineral Development Corporation (CMDC), singly or in joint venture's' undertakes scientific exploration, commercial exploitation and viable trading of minerals in the State Figure: 3.4 Mineral Map of Chhattisgarh 3.4.6 Industrial Situation

The industrial sector contributes 30% of the state’s GDP. The state has 165 large and medium scale industries with an investment of over Rs.8,000 crores giving direct employment to over 230,000 persons. The spur in the industrial growth has consequently led to an increase in environmental pollution. The major industrial centers in the State are located at Bhilai, Korba, Raipur, Bilaspur, and Raigarh districts. One of the biggest steel plants of the country and many ancillary industries are located in Bhilai. In Korba, besides a super thermal power station, an aluminum smelter unit is also present. Major cement plants are operating in Raipur Bilaspur area. Urban air is highly polluted in many districts, especially Korba due to the industrial activity in the district.

3.4.7 Cultural and Religious Resources

The state of Chhattisgarh has great cultural value. Festivals and cultural activities are being celebrated throughout the year in the state. Specific events are being organised by tribal communities i.e. Gonds, Bhils, and Banjaras, throughout the year. There are few temples located along the project roads. In some cases those need to be shifted.

3.4.8 Energy and Electric Power Potential

Chhattisgarh is leveraging ahead to be the power hub of the nation. The construction of hydropower plants for electric power generation in the State (Korba, Hasdeo Bango) has altered sizable portions of land.

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Chhattisgarh has a potential capacity of 50,000 MW of power given its rich coal resources. Along with Bihar and Orissa, Chhattisgarh accounts for nearly 84 per cent of the coal reserves in the country. With an installed capacity of 1360 MW and an average demand of 1200 MW, Chhattisgarh is already a power surplus State. Hydro-electric power currently accounts for nearly 8 % of the State’s electricity output. About 121.5 MW of electricity generated in the State is from hydro-power stations.

3.4.9 Education and Health Facilities

The project areas belong to rural area of state and have limited educational facilities. There are few schools exist along the project road.

The health facilities are available in bigger town i.e Block level and district level.

3.5 OTHER FACIITIES – QUALITY OF LIFE

3.5.1 Roadside Sanitation

The local bodies and the State Governments have constructed tube wells/ dug wells along side of the existing unpaved roads/ tracks, particularly near habitations to meet the water supply needs of community. These have been provided with a platform around the tube well, which connect to nearest pit through a lined open drain. The drains appear to be of standard type design and often do not connect up to the nearest pits as per specific site requirements or the pits are often seen to be overflowing without proper drainage leading to improper and unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in and around the tube wells. In few roads un satisfactory sanitation condition is noted.

This situation prevails not only near tube wells along the proposed road construction proposals but also in many other tube wells along side of other roads in the region. At times, the over flowing pits or clogged drains near the tube wells pose a threat to road condition and damage the bituminous surface along with base and sub base layers of the road. Several such instances of damaged pavement due to improper sanitary condition of the nearby tube wells have been seen along the roads in the project region.

3.5.2 Road Cutting Along Rural Road Proposals

During the field investigations, it has been observed that along many stretches of the road construction proposals agricultural landowners across the tracks appear to share the water for irrigation purposes. The tube well water from one side of the track is taken to other side through pipes beneath the track by making a temporary incision at the road/track surface. This appears to be a very common practice in most of the districts and instances of even digging up bitumen paved roads is seen at several places for taking the pipes across the road.

This practice of the local people requires to be addressed during the project preparation of construction works so that the incisions on the newly constructed roads could be prevented and prolong the life of the new road construction works.

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View of Mahasamund NH-6 Kashibahara View of Mahasamund NH-6 Kashibahara Road (Package CG 1249) in Road (Package CG 1249) in Mahasamund District Mahasamund District

View of Mohrenga to Pausari Road View of Mohrenga to Pausari Road (Package CG0562) in Durg District (Package CG0562) in Durg District

View of Pendri (S) to Sorla Road View of Pendri (S) to Sorla Road (Package CG0274) in Bilaspur District (Package CG0274) in Bilaspur District

View of TO4 to Chaiturgarh Temple (Package View of TO4 to Chaiturgarh Temple CG1039) in Korba District (Road in Forest and (Package CG1039) in Korba District (Road in Hilly area) Forest and Hilly area)

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SECTION 4: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 GENERAL

The environmental impacts due to construction of rural roads particularly along existing alignment induce relatively less adverse Impacts as compared to construction along new alignments. The impacts due to construction of rural roads can be largely mitigated through engineering designs. Good construction practices accompanied by appropriate environmental mitigation measures or Environmental Code of Practices.

The screening of potential impacts due to the rural road construction works in Chhattisgarh along with the appropriate mitigation measures (wherever applicable) are summarized under the following different stages.

ƒ Environmental Problems due to Project Location ƒ Environmental Problems Related to Design ƒ Environmental Problems Associated with Construction Stage ƒ Environmental Problems Resulting in Project Operations ƒ Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ƒ Additional Considerations

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO PROJECT (ROAD) LOCATION

4.2.1 National Parks/Wild Life Sanctuaries

Potential Impacts: Out of the 57 nos. of sample rural road construction works in 6 districts, none are passing through the National Parks/wild life sanctuaries.The current environmental regulations of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India does not permit development activity within the National Parks/Wild Life sanctuaries that are not in consonance of section 29 of Wild Life Act 1972.

Mitigation: As none of the construction proposals are through the National parks/ sanctuaries, no environmental/ecological threat to any National Park/ Wildlife sanctuaries are perceived due to the location of any of the 57 nos. sample roads (Length 218.49 km).. Further, the rest of the roads under Batch IV aso do not pass through National Park or Wild Life Sanctuaries.

4.2.2 Archaeological/ Heritage Monuments

Potential Impacts & Mitigation: Although, Chhattisgarh is known to have several archaeological and historical/ protected heritage monuments spread all over the state, none of them are situated within 5 km on each side from the sample rural roads. Therefore no environmental impacts are envisaged on the Archaeological/Heritage Monuments due to the location of road construction proposals. In case, archaeological/ heritage monuments are situated within 5 km on each side from the project rural roads in the fourth batch the Department of Archaeology, Government of Chhattisgarh will be consulted for seeking the required regulatory clearances including any preventive measures that may be required for protection of the monuments during construction phase.

4.2.3 Natural Habitat/Nature reserves

Potential Impacts: None of the sample rural roads are within 5 km on each side from natural habitat/ nature reserves notified by the Government of India. Therefore no environmental/ecological threat to any Natural Habitat/Nature reserves is perceived due to the location of road construction proposals.

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Mitigation: As none of the proposals is either passing through or within 5 km on either side from the sample rural roads of 218.49 km of Natural habitat/nature reserves notified by Government of India. Therefore, no ecological threat to any Natural habitats/ nature reserves is perceived due to the location of any of the 57 nos. sample roads. Further, the remaining 1166.4km (369 nos.) of roads in the fourth batch and roads that will be taken up under the subsequent batches that pass through natural habitat/ nature reserves or roads that will affect the movement or life of endangered species will be excluded and not considered under the ADB loan assistance program.

4.2.4 Reserve Forests/ Protected Forest and/or Unclassified Forest Areas/ Lands

Potential Impacts: Out of the 218.49 km of sample rural roads in 57 stretches, only 15 roads; 1 in Korba district, 2 in Durg district, 4 in Raigarh district, 4 in Raipur district , 3 in Mahasamund and 1in Bilaspur district are passing through the social/ unclassified forest areas. In most of the cases forest plantations are located away from the impact zone, hence felling of trees are not required.

Mitigation: In case of road of above district it is noted that ROW for the proposed road is clear no impact on forest flora and that issues are jointly verified by Forest Department and PIU. Other than that no proposals are through the Reserve Forests/ Protected Forest and; or Unclassified Forest Areas/Lands, no environmental; ecological threat to any forest areas are foreseen due to the location of any of the 218.49 km sample roads. Further, In case of the remaining 1166.4 km of roads of fourth batch and roads that will be taken up under the subsequent batches, if the roads pass through reserve Forests/ protected forest and/or unclassified forest areas/lands, necessary permissions will be obtained from the Department of Forests, Govt. of Chhattisgarh and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

The road construction works through forest land and causing diversion of forestland to non-forestry activities come under the purview of Forest Conservation Act 1980 of Government of India. Under this act, diversion of forestland for non-forestry activities will require prior mandatory clearances from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. The CGRRDA (project implementation agency) will seek the required forest clearances in the prescribed format from Department of Forests, Government of Chhattisgarh and Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India.

As per the current regulations, diversion of forest land for non-forestry activities will be considered based on several factors like legal status of forest, extent of the land to be diverted, ecological sensitivity, whether the forest land forms a part of National Park or Wild life Sanctuary among others. The clearance will be given depending upon the merit of case with a stipulation that the concerned project implementation authorities will be required to compensate for afforestation of any other degraded forest in the region twice to the extent of forestland to be diverted for non-forestry purposes. The Department of Forests, of State Government will identify suitable degraded forest in the same region or elsewhere and take up the compensatory afforestation, which shall be funded by the Project Implementation Agency.

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO PROJECT (ROAD) DESIGN

4.3.1 Embankment construction

Potential Impacts & Mitigation: Generally road construction proposals follow the existing alignment of the unpaved roads with minor smoothening of horizontal and vertical alignment/profiles.

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Assessment of the present road conditions and the construction proposals indicates that no major embankment construction (embankment height greater than 12m) will be required in any of the sample rural roads construction works. The proposals are also consciously confined to the existing alignment with minor corrections for vertical/horizontal profile In order to minimize environmental and social Impacts. Therefore no major Impacts are foreseen due to the road construction proposals.

4.3.2 Soil erosion

Potential Impacts: The soil in the study area is shallow to medium black alluvial-clayey loam. Erosion will be exacerbated if the vegetation is removed from the sides since roots are known to hold soil together. This will however be for the duration until the compensatory afforestation and roadside turfing have matured. In stretches where raised carriageway has been planned, slope protection measures are required.

To prevent the eroded material from entering the watercourse, silt fencing and/or sand bags can be provided at the end of ditches or cascade arrangements can be provided at the end of ditches as they enter the watercourse. While the former requires frequent cleaning to prevent built-up, the voids in the cascade will be filled up by eroded material and eventually vegetation will be established there.

No soil erosion is envisaged when the road is in operation as all the slopes and embankments of the project road shall be stabilised through sound engineering techniques and checks will be made that the works have been carried out to the required standard.

Soil erosion results in the loss of soil cover, slope stability and addition of sediment loading to drainage channels. The problem of soil erosion is likely to be more pronounced during the construction stage along bridge-end fills, over steep banks and embankment slopes.

Mitigation Measures

The slope of the road embankment has been fixed at 1:2, which is stable and reduces the possibilities of slope failures. This protection will mainly be provided at approaches of major and minor bridges. The slope protection will be done in accordance with recommended practice. For treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control, IRC: 56-1974. All the culverts to be constructed as cross drainage structures, the slopes will be protected by turfing with grasses and shrubs.

To check the slope stabilisation of the borrow pits adjacent to the embankment, the depth of the pit will be so regulated that the bottom edge of pit shall not intersect the imaginary line of slope 1:4 drawn from the top edge of the nearest embankment. To avoid embankment slippage and erosion, borrow pits shall not be dug continuously.

4.3.3 Clearing of vegetation

Potential Impacts & Mitigation: The vegetative cover/trees within the right of way will be impacted due to clearing operations of the right of way for road construction works. 50% of sample roads have trees on either side of the tracks. Most of the trees within the right of way do not have any significant ecological and/or commercial value but appear to have planted by the adjacent landowners and often perceived as boundary to their private lands.

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The clearing of trees within the ROW will have a visible impact on the road users and also temporarily upon the tree dwelling fauna. The clearing operations of the right of way will not have any impact on wild life species, threatened or endangered spices as these are not known to occur along the ROW.

Mitigation: The impacts due to tree clearing operations of the right of way can be retrieved by re-plantation of the corridor. As per the regulations of the State Forest Department, prior approvals are to be sought for tree felling. The approvals for tree felling particularly for road construction works are generally issued by the Department of Forests with a stipulation that at least three new saplings are to be planted for every tree felled and maintained for three years. The cost of re-plantation of the corridor including maintenance up to 3 years will be borne by Gram Panchyat from their annual action plan budget. Convergence of NAREGA with tree plantation along PMGSY roads are under active consideration by various State Governments.The selections of species will be finalized in consultation with the Department of Forests, Government of Chhattisgarh

The Impacts due to tree felling within the right of way is applicable to both the 57 km sample roads and all the subsequent batches including the balance 1166.4 km (369 nos.) road of the Batch IV.

4.3.4 Cross Drainage

Potential Impacts: None of the rural road construction proposals (211.49 km, 57different stretches/locations) are across any major river within their respective river basins. In Batch IV of Chhatisgarh one Road selected (Beloda Gotulmuda Road to Arajgundra(Keshavpur) road crosses Sukha Nala . There will be construction of one major bridge on this Nala. Bridge Length is 85 m. This Nala is a seasonal stream. The assessment of impact as per ADB requirements has been done in the format followed for major bridges in Assam. The detailed assessment is given in Appendix III. .other road proposals cross several small drainage channels, Minor River which are non-perennial and drain the storm water for few weeks only during or after the monsoon. In few cases natural drainage system is exist along the road alignment. All these will have bridges in less than 25 m length.

Mitigation: The project preparation of the road proposals has considered cross drainage structures like hume pipe, RCC or slab culverts and minor bridges/cause way in some cases at all such locations to ease the storm discharge during or after the monsoon. One Major bridge planned has also been desined for free flow of storm water. The mitigation measures for this bridge have been given in Appendix III.

4.3.5 Roadside Sanitation

Potential Impacts: The local bodies and the State Governments have constructed tube wells/Hand Pumps along the existing roads particularly near habitations to meet the water supply needs of community. These have been provided with a platform around the tube well/hand Pumps , which connects to nearest pit through a lined open drain. The drains appear to be of standard type design and often do not connect up to the nearest pits as per specific site requirements or the pits are often seen to be overflowing without proper drainage leading to improper and unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in and around the tube wells/ Hand Pumps.

Mitigation: Provision of adequate sanitary arrangements with lined drains connecting up to the nearest natural drain or the roadside drains constructed, as a part of road construction proposal will improve the sanitary conditions around the tube wells/hand pumps. A cost provision for such arrangement has been made under Environmental Management Action Plan.

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4.3.6 Road cutting for Conveyance of Irrigation Pipes

Potential Impacts: Along many stretches of the road construction proposals, agricultural landowners across the existing roads appear to share the water for irrigation purposes. The tube well water/canal water from one side of the road is taken to other side through pipes beneath the road by making a temporary incision at the road surface. Even instances of digging up bitumen-paved roads could be seen at: several places for taking the pipes across the road. Such practice will damage the newly improved road if not addressed during the project preparation of construction works.

Mitigation: The practice of digging the roads for taking the pipes across the road can be prevented by laying 150/300 mm diameter cement concrete pipes at regular intervals to serve as ducts, particularly along stretches having agricultural land on one or either side. This will provide an option to take the irrigation water pipes can be taken across the road through these ducts without road cutting and prevent unwarranted digging of roads. In addition, the village community leaders are to be encouraged to form a watchdog committee to safeguard against un-warranted digging of roads for laying pipes or for any other reasons, unless it is utmost essential. Moreover community consultation during design stage for selection of location of pipe crossing will protect the practice of road cutting.

4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PROJECT (ROAD) CONSTRUCTION

4.4.1 Geology / Stone Quarries

Potential Impacts: The quantity of stone aggregates for road construction works conforming to specifications are to be sourced from either the existing or the new quarry sites and hauled to work sites through existing roads. Material resource map has been developed by few PIUs, which are extremely valuable. The short term secondary potential impacts for violation of specification for collection of aggregates are, ƒ Sourcing of stone aggregates from unapproved/unlicensed quarries, which is not acceptable ƒ Establishment of illegal quarries without obtaining proper statutory clearances, which is also not acceptable ƒ Injuries and health problems of workers due to lack of proper occupational health and safety equipments

Impact Mitigation: Quarry operations in the region/ state are regulated by the state department and require license and compliance of the state environmental regulations. Nonetheless, implementation of the following measures will limit or mitigate the impacts:

ƒ Aggregates are to be sourced only from the approved/licensed quarry sites, complying the local/ state environmental and other applicable regulations' ƒ At times the contractors may set up their own quarries and/ or aggregate crushing units in nearby areas to the construction sites. Any such practice shall have a consent or No Objection Certificate from the Chhattishgarh Environment Conservation Board ƒ Occupational safety procedures/practices for the work force should be in place at all quarries as per local regulations ƒ Quarry and crushing units should have adequate dust suppression measures like water sprinklers in work areas and along approach roads to quarry sites. All the work personnel likely to be exposed heavy dust levels shall be provided with dust masks

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ƒ The quarries shall have valid environmental compliance certificates obtained from the Chhattishgarh Environment Conservation Board from time to time ƒ Water tankers with suitable sprinkling system are to be deployed along the haulage roads. Water shall be sprinkled regularly to suppress the airborne dust due to the dumper/truck movement. The required frequency is to be determined as per site conditions. ƒ Trucks/ dumpers deployed for the material transportation are to be spillage proof. In any case, all haul roads are to be inspected at least once daily to clear accidental spillage, if any; ƒ Material stacking sites are to be access controlled for unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and stray animals;

4.4.2 Hydro-geology/Ground Water

Potential Impacts: The construction water requirement of the road construction works is likely to be met partly through ground water. Therefore, the potential impacts, if any will be from the use of ground water having poor quality (below the specified standard) for the meeting the water requirements of construction works, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stabilization of embankments/ shoulders, watering of roadside re- plantations, water for the work force camps, and alike.

Selection of location of tube wells for ground water withdrawal is important. Utilisation of ground water from community tube well and continuous withdrawal from agricultural tube wells will have social impairment. An assessment of the construction water demand and the available/ recommended ground water yield/potential of the project region indicate that use of ground water for rural road construction works will not have any significant impacts on the geo-hydrological resources of the region.

Impact Mitigation: Although, the impacts may not be significant due to use of ground water for rural road construction works, following preventive measures are suggested

ƒ Ensure prior approvals are obtained from State Ground Water Authorities, for the construction of new tube/bore wells wherever required ƒ If the water is sourced from existing agricultural tube wells, the contractor must perform a yield test on such wells and the source are to be used under approval of CGRRDA. In addition the owner of tube well is to be clearly informed of the implications of water withdrawal in excess quantities than usual) and a written consent is to be obtained ƒ The contractor must be encouraged to source water from more than one agricultural tube well and such tube wells shall be at least 300m away from each other ƒ Extreme precaution is to be exercised while finalizing the locations of new tube/bore wells (wherever applicable); the wells shall be away (at least 300m) from the existing tube wells particularly those which are meeting the daily needs of communities ƒ Under no circumstances the contractor is to be allowed to source water from tube wells, which are being used by the community for their daily needs ƒ The wells constructed for the works are to be left in good working condition for the use of the local community (wherever applicable)

4.4.3 Soil/ Borrow Areas

Potential Impacts: The road construction works will require significant quantities of good quality earth for embankment construction and other components of the road construction as per the engineering design.

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The project preparation of rural roads has identified all such potential areas for borrowing including assessing the suitability of the material. In certain situations, contractors also negotiate with the local villagers to lease or outright purchase of agricultural lands for mining the earth. Borrowed earth is to be transported to construction sites through existing roads. Borrowing and hauling operations are to be regulated to contain impacts. The potential impacts for improper borrow earth collection are, ƒ Loss of topsoil due to improper preservation of top soil having rich in organic matter ƒ Improper cutting of earth without maintaining slope may result erosion of nearby soil ƒ Collection of borrow earth by unauthorized equipment (having no PUC certification), which is against the guidelines

Impact Mitigation: Impacts due to borrowing earth can be significantly mitigated by the following measures:

ƒ Detailed investigations are to be carried out by the contractor to identify the borrow options/areas. The borrow areas are to be approved by the respective PIUs not only for the material quality but also for its location. ƒ The contractor must be discouraged to use the agricultural land (either through lease or purchase) for borrowing the earth, until no feasible alterative options are available ƒ Within the identified borrow areas, the topsoil (upto 150mm) must be preserved and used for re-vegetation of borrowed areas. The actual extent of borrow area/zones to be excavated are to be demarcated with signboards and the operational areas are to be access controlled ƒ Borrowing areas are to be provided with gentle side slopes re-vegetated (to contain erosion and connected to nearest drainage channel to avoid the formation of cess-pools during / after rainy seasons) ƒ As per the current regulations, use of fly ash is mandatory for all construction works within a radius of 100 km from any thermal power plant. Therefore, fly ash will be used in all road construction works which are within the 100 km from thermal power stations. The Rural Road manual specifies design and construction procedures for construction of fly ash embankments. So far fly ash has not been used. In the current batch a pilot project be taken up for fly ash usage demonstration in future batches. ƒ All machinery and vehicles deployed in borrowing operations is to conform to the vehicle emission and noise regulations of the Chhattishgarh Environment Conservation Board ƒ Operations are to be limited to day hours only. Provisions of protective gears like earplugs are to be made available to the work force exposed to noise levels beyond the threshold limits. Rotation of personnel may be exercised as an alternative option. All operation areas are to be water sprinkled to contain dust levels to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

4.4.4 Land Use

Potential Impacts: The road construction works will require clearing of right of way {ROW) i.e 6 to 7 m on either side from the centerline of the present alignment. The land use pattern along the existing tracks is generally agriculture lands interspersed with rural habitations.

The cleaning of the ROW could have following impacts

ƒ Diversion of land under agricultural use ƒ Diversion of forestland (in specific cases) ƒ Loss of tree cover along the existing ROW

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Diversion of land under agricultural use: The clearing operations of the ROW will lead to permanent change in land use in some stretches of the road construction particularly along agricultural lands. The clearing operations for construction of 218.49 km (57 nos.) of roads will change the present land use, agriculture to road construction. The impact arising out of this change in land use is very negligible as compared to the benefits that can accrue from the road construction to the rural economy, benefits to the community in terms of easy and faster accessibility to better education, health facilities and poverty alleviation among others.

Generally private landowners along the proposed ROW are voluntarily parting their land and in many cases vacate the encroached government land along ROW without any demand for compensation anticipating the social benefits due to the road construction. The CGRRDA currently implementing PMGSY works apparently have not faced any social resentment in this regard. In some cases, the assistance of District administration and community leaders has been sought and the matters have been sorted out without any legal channel or compensation. The issues arising out of this is separately addressed in the Social Impact Analysis under Social Assessment Report.

Diversion of Forest Land: Out of the 211.49 km of sample rural roads in 57 stretches, 15 roads (6% of total length) are passing through the unclassified/social Forest Areas/Lands and social forestry land. As none of the proposals in the sample rural roads are passing through the Reserve Forests/ Protected Forest, no environmental / ecological threats to any forest areas are foreseen due to the construction of 211.40 km sample roads. Further, in case of the remaining 1166.4 km (369 nos.) of roads that will be taken up under the subsequent batches, if the roads pass through reserve Forests/ Protected forest and/ or unclassified forest areas/lands, necessary permissions will be obtained from the Department of Forests, Government of Chhattisgarh and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

The road construction works through forest land causing diversion of forestland to non- forestry activities comes under the purview of Forest Conservation Act 1980 of Government of India. Under this act, diversion of forestland for non-forestry activities will require prior mandatory clearances from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. The project implementation agencies (CGRRDA) will have to seek the required forest clearances/permission in the prescribed format from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India.

As per the current regulations, diversion of forest land for non forestry activities will be considered based on several factors like legal status of forest, extent of the land to be diverted, ecological sensitivity, whether the forest land forms a part of National Park or Wild life Sanctuary among others. Based on the current regulation, the proposed diversion of the forest land for these rural roads under the fourth batch should not be a problem for obtaining forest clearance, because those forest land affected has no ecological sensitive. However, it will require to be compensated either by afforestation of reforestation of any other degraded forest in the region. The compensation based on the current regulation will be thrice to the extent of forestland to be diverted for non-forestry purposes. The Department of Forests, State Government will identify suitable degraded forest in the same region or elsewhere and take up the afforestation or reforestation, funded by the Project Implementation Agency (CGRRDA).

Impact Mitigation: The impacts due to diversion of forest land/loss of tree cover can be retrieved through measures like compensatory afforestation of degraded forest in the same region and re-plantation of the ROW as already mentioned in the mentioned in the previous sub section. The loss of agricultural land although is minimal is irretrievable. The CGRRDA is obtaining a No Objection Certificate from State Forest Department. These were obtained for previous batches also. Other than this, establishment of camp

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4.4.5 Drainage

Potential Impacts: As mentioned in the previous sections, the project preparation has considered cross drainage structures (pipe / RCC or slab culverts, minor and major bridges in some cases) and therefore the road construction works will not alter and rather improve the existing drainage system of the region. During construction of road particularly CD the short term impact on drainage system will be due to excess sedimentation and pollution of water course.

Impact Mitigation: The cross drainage structures are scheduled for construction during dry season to avoid impacts on watercourses. Further the drainage channels on both upstream and down stream across the road works are to be cleaned for at least 50m on both upstream and downstream and restored to its previous state after completion of construction works.

4.4.6 Water Quality

Potential Impacts: Discharge of effluents from construction sites, liquid and solid waste discharges from POL3 storage areas, work force camps and all other operational areas may impact the water quality of the drainage channels if disposed off directly. As there are no perennial surface water bodies/drainage channels within 5 km on each side from the sample rural roads construction work, no such impacts are foreseen.

Impact Mitigation: Scheduling the construction works to non-monsoon months can prevent the impacts on water quality due to the discharge of effluents from construction and related sites. Disposal of solid and liquid waste disposal into dry channel beds is also to be strictly prohibited at any stage of the road construction.

The work force camps shall be provided with adequate septic tank and soak away pits so that the discharges from these areas do not impact the near by drainage channels. Similarly the discharge of liquid and solid waste from POL storage areas into the drainage channels is to be prohibited.

As the rural roads are not subjected to vehicular traffic carrying hazardous chemicals, the impacts on water courses/quality due to hazardous spills from accidents from vehicles carrying hydrocarbons, chemicals, acids and similar other substances are not foreseen. The impacts arising from wayside amenities are not foreseen as the rural road construction works does not have any provision for such facilities.

4.4.7 Terrestrial Flora & Fauna

Potential Impacts: The impacts on flora due to road construction can be categorised in to the following two types

ƒ Clearing of vegetation cover within the right of way ƒ Loss of forest land/cover due to diversion of forest land to road construction works

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Clearing of vegetation: The vegetative cover within the right of way will be impacted due to clearing operations of the right of way for road construction works. 50% of road construction proposals have trees on either side of the tracks. Most of the trees within the right of way do not have any significant ecological and/or commercial value but appear to have been planted by the adjacent landowners and often perceived as boundary to their private lands. For the required widening these will also be removed as clear space is available at most of the locations.

The clearing of trees within the ROW will have a visible impact on the road users and also temporarily upon the tree dwelling fauna. The clearing operations of the right of way will not have any impact on wild life species, threatened or endangered spices as these are not known to occur along the ROW.

Impact Mitigation: The impacts due to tree clearing operations of the right of way can be retrieved by re-plantation of the corridor. As per the regulations of the State Forest Department, prior approvals are to be sought for tree felling. The approvals for tree felling particularly for road construction works are generally issued with a stipulation that at least three new saplings are to be planted for every tree felled and maintained for three years. The cost of re-plantation of the corridor including maintenance up to 3 years is to be borne by the project Implementation authorities/ Panchyat department under annual action plan budget. The selection of species will be finalized in consultation with the Department of Forests, Government of Chhattisgarh and generally should represent the common trees of the project region as provided in section 3.3.

4.4.8 Aquatic Flora & Fauna

Potential Impacts: As mentioned under section 4.4.3, the road construction will also involve construction of drainage structures, which can be scheduled for dry season. Therefore the construction works will not induce any impacts on the aquatic flora & fauna in the region. The short term impact on aquatic faunal life could be due to excess sedimentation and other disturbances during construction of cross drainage structures.

Impact Mitigation: No mitigation measures are required except for cleaning of the channel beds up to 50m on both upstream and down stream sides and restoration to its previous state after completion of construction works.

4.4.9 Air quality

Potential Impacts: During the road construction works, dust and emissions from the construction equipment, hot mix plants and other vehicles deployed various construction activities are the major sources of air pollution. During the operation stage, vehicular emission is a major contributor to the air pollution both in urban and rural environment. The vehicular emissions are determined by several factors like fuel composition, level of engine maintenance, vehicle age, speed and congestion, traffic and road condition. Human health, terrestrial flora and faunal health are the most immediate receptors of the vehicular emissions. The most notable beneficiaries will be women and children who are exposed to increased dust and other emissions due to poor condition of the present unpaved tracks.

Impact Mitigation: Air quality impacts during the construction stage are transitory in nature and can be largely mitigated by the measures described below

ƒ All construction equipment and machinery deployed shall be regularly maintained ƒ Vehicles/equipments are to be regularly subjected for emission tests and have valid 'Pollution Under Control' certificates. Re-validation of certificates will be done once in a month;

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ƒ All vehicles deployed for material haulage are to be spillage proof. Water tankers with suitable sprinkling system are to be deployed along the haulage roads and in the work sites to suppress airborne dusts from truck/ dumper movements particularly on unpaved roads. Actual frequency may be determined by the con tractor / PIU4 as per the site conditions ƒ Construction or work force camps are to be provided with fuel5 so that dependence on firewood is totally avoided; The use of LPG shall be mandatory in work force camps of road construction works passing through forest lands ƒ All operational areas under the rural road construction works are to be regularly monitored at least bi-monthly for air quality parameters; SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, and, CO. This will enable identification of the operations/areas of concern for air pollution mitigation, if any. ƒ Operational areas include work sites, haulage roads, hot mix plants, quarries, borrow sites and spoil disposal sites. ƒ All hot mix plants under the road construction works are to be located at least 500m away from the human settlements and preferably on the leeward side The operation stage air quality Impacts, which mainly relates to the fuel composition, emission norms for vehicles among others are generally beyond the purview of the road construction authorities.

4.4.10 Noise

Potential Impacts: Both the construction and operation of roads induce noise impacts. While the noise Impacts during the construction stage can be largely controlled, operation stage Impacts are generally beyond the purview of the road construction authorities. The major factors contributing to noise levels during the road operation stage are vehicular (engine) noise, driving behaviour, pavement condition and road geometry, most dominant of these being vehicular noise.

Noise induced by the construction activities is generally intermittent and depends on the type of specific operation, location, function, and equipment usage cycles and attenuates quickly with distance.

Impact Mitigation: Impacts of noise during the construction activities can be largely controlled by the following measures

ƒ All equipment/ vehicles deployed for the construction activities shall confirm to stipulated noise emission criteria by the Central Pollution Control Board and regularly maintained; ƒ Work force likely to be exposed to noise levels beyond the threshold limits is to be provided with protective gears like hear plugs. Rotation of personnel every four hours should be considered as a supplement measure ƒ Limiting the operations to daytime only particularly near the human settlement areas. The noise impacts after the completion of the road construction works is not likely to be significant. Due to the construction works, settlements along the roads are likely to be exposed to relatively lower vehicular noise as compared to the present situation due to the improved pavement conditions and smoother movement of traffic.

4.4.11 Vibration

Potential Impacts: Vibrations induced by heavy traffic can impact on the roadside buildings particularly old or ancient structures. As the rural roads are neither subjected to any significant vehicular traffic nor any ancient archeologically important structures have been recorded along any of the road construction proposals, no impacts due to vibration are envisaged. Therefore no specific measures for mitigating vibration are required.

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

4.4.12 Construction Debris

Potential Impacts: The rural road construction works are not expected to generate construction debris, which require safe handling prior to disposal. Hence no specific mitigation measures are required or suggested.

4.4.13 Archaeological/ Historical Monuments

Potential Impacts & Mitigation: Although, Chhatisgarh is known to have several archaeological and historical/protected heritage monuments spread all over the state, none of such protected/heritage monuments are situated within 5 km on each side from the sample rural roads of 218.49 km. Therefore no environmental impacts are envisaged on the Archaeological/Heritage Monuments due to the location of road construction works. In case, archaeological/heritage monuments are situated within 5 km on each side from the sample rural roads of 218.49 km of the remaining 1166.40km of roads in the fourth batch and roads that will be taken up under the subsequent batches, the Department of Archaeology, Government of Chhattisgarh will be consulted for seeking the required regulatory clearances including any preventive measures that are required for protection of the monuments during construction works.

4.4.14 Road Side Shrines/Temples

Potential Impacts & Mitigation: The 218.49 km (57 nos.) sample roads have few minor shrines/temples within the right of way and requiring relocation due to road construction. In case, major shrines/temples are situated within the right of way and requiring relocation in any of the remaining 1166.40 km of roads in the fourth batch and roads that will be taken up under the subsequent batches, the local community leaders of the respective rural habitations and the district administration are to be consulted for obtaining their consent for relocation and or protection works that may required for the purpose.

4.4.15 Road Side Sanitation

Potential Impacts: The local bodies and the State Governments have constructed tube wells /hand pmps along the tracks particularly near habitations to meet the water supply needs of community. In few cases unsatisfactory sanitary conditions has been noticed.

Under the proposed road constructions, the paved surface will extend almost up to the tube wells/hand pumps, in many cases posing a serious threat to the improved road due to the present improper/inadequate sanitary arrangements which can damage the bituminous surface along with base and sub base layers of the road.

Mitigation: All the tube wells/hand pumps along the improved roads are to be provided with adequate sanitary arrangements with lined drains connecting up to the nearest natural drain or the roadside drains constructed as a part of road construction works. A cost provision for such arrangement has been made under Environmental Management Action Plan.

4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECT OPERATIONS

No major environmental problems are perceived due to the project operations except for an increased degree of threat to the safety of the pedestrians/ slow moving traffic due to the increased speed of the motorised vehicles in comparison to the present situation. On the contrary, the project operations would enhance certain environmental attributes, which are described in the following section. Some minor impacts and mitigation measures are discussed below. Technical Support Consultants 37 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

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Impacts

During operation phase major impact can result from vehicular pollution. These pollutants include sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, lead, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon etc. Some secondary pollutants like ozone, Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) etc. are formed depending upon meteorological factors, topography, etc.

As the rural roads are not subjected to significant vehicular traffic, the emissions will not be a major contributor to the air pollution. Instead the road construction will have beneficial impact on the air quality along the roads as compared to present situation. The construction works after completion: will ensure relatively a dust free environment during or after vehicle passage, reduced vehicular emissions due to more uniform speed and less frequent acceleration/ deceleration of vehicles which otherwise contribute to increased fuel consumption and therefore increased pollution as compared to the present: situation. The impact on ambient air quality will be insignificant during operation because numbers of vehicles in a day are expected to be around 25-30 numbers. Due to creation of paved surface dust generation will also be minimised.

The impact an ambient air quality will be insignificant during operation because numbers of vehicles in a day are expected to be around 25-30 numbers. Due to creation of paved surface dust generation will also be minimised.

In India emission regulations are being made more stringent day by day. Already lead has been abolished from petrol in all metropolitan cities and is expected to be abolished from the entire country very soon. Indian emission standards are now following to meet Bharat lIl norms and if there is effective enforcement there should be reduction, in impacts as these standards take effect over time. By the time construction will be over Bharat lV stage emission norms will be applicable. The present air quality is below permissible limit of CPCB.

Mitigation Measures

Compensatory plantation to be taken up will also screen the dust and other emissions. Moreover regular maintenance of road to ensure smooth travel of vehicles will also help to minimize air pollution issues. Arrangement of safety signage, guard post near sensitive location like school, water body will improve traffic safety condition of the road. Moreover awareness program for the villager regarding road safety is necessary

4.6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

4.6.1 Retrieval of Green (Tree) Cover

The re-plantation of the corridor (three saplings per tree felled) including maintenance up to three years will enable to retrieve the tree cover in a better managed manner. The retrieved tree cover will enhance the environmental aesthetics and serene to the road users as compared to present situation.

4.6.2 Improvement in Air/Noise Quality

The post road construction stage will enhance the ambient air quality through reduction of the dust concentration and vehicular emissions. The paved surface will contribute to a relatively a dust free environment during or after vehicle passage due to paved roads, reduced vehicular emissions due to more uniform speed and less frequent acceleration/

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads deceleration of vehicles The most notable beneficiaries will be the women and children6 who are exposed to increased dust and other emissions due to poor condition of the present unpaved tracks.

4.6.3 Improvement of Road Side Sanitation

Provision of adequate sanitary arrangements around tube wells will improve the present unsatisfactory sanitary conditions along side of the road. The improved sanitary conditions will also prolong the life and aesthetic value of the newly improved road.

4.6.4 Socio-economic Benefits

The road construction works is expected to promote better & faster access to health, education facilities and act as a avenue to increased economic opportunities, increased agricultural income and productive employment opportunities. The economic assessment carried out by the National Rural Roads Development Authority (NRRDA) in Chhatisgarh and several other states also has amply demonstrated both tangible and non-tangible benefits due to the connectivity of rural habitations under PMGSY.

4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

The generic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as part of the ECOP used in the earlier batch and the potential impacts of the next batch, there is a need to revise the EMP to effectively implement all the environmental measures by providing detailed actions, responsibilities and timeframes for each adverse impact anticipated. However, the generic EMP as part of the ECOP will still be used for the bidding document for civil work contract of the fourth batch. The applying of the revised specific EMP (Appendix IV) will be processed and it is expected to be used during implementation.

6 Women spend significant time along roadside either doing various domestic chores or collecting water. Children are seen playing along road side or collecting water along with the elders Technical Support Consultants 39 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

SECTION 5: INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

5.1 GENERAL

The IEE of the rural road construction proposals has identified potential impacts and their mitigation measures. An environmental Management action plan (EMAP) has been drawn up for implementing the mitigation measures. A monitoring plan for implementation of EMAP along with the required institutional framework is also given in this section.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN

The EMAP broadly comprises; ƒ Identification of the project action (s) and environmental attributes those are likely to be impacted. ƒ Appropriate mitigation and/or environmental enhancement measures ƒ Responsible agency for the implementation of the mitigation measures ƒ Monitoring Frequency

5.2.1 Issues / Project Actions / Environmental Attributes

The project actions, which generally induce environmental impacts are clearing operations of ROW, traffic diversions, construction of campsites, haul roads, quarry and borrowing operations, transportation of materials, construction of cross drainage structures, air & noise pollution at all operational areas from the construction equipment, plant and machinery, sanitation in workforce camps and plant sites among others.

5.2.2 Mitigation Measures

Appropriate mitigation and /or environmental enhancement measures are identified for all project actions during the construction stage, which are likely to impact the certain environmental attributes. The mitigation measures in the form of an Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) are given in Appendix IV.

5.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The EMAP is to be appended to the Standard Bidding Documents (SBD) of all the construction packages so that it serves as a condition of contract for adopting the Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP) by the prospective contractor(s). The implementation of the EMAP and/or ECOP by the contractor (s) is to be administered by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the MPRRA through the Project Implementation Consultant (PIC).

5.4 EMAP IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING

A monitoring frequency for overseeing the implementation of the EMAP is given in Appendix V.

5.5 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAP

5.5.1 Institutional Requirements – Construction Stage

The Batch IV of 1384.89 km will be packaged into several construction contract packages (58 packages) by the Project Implementation Unit (PIUs) of CGRRDA. In order to support PIUs and CGRRDA, on environmental technical matter NRRDA has appointed Technical Support Consultants (TSC). The technical support consultant has environmental expert in their team. The environmental expert of TSC will periodically

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads review the EMAP compliances at site. The project Implementation Consultant (PIC) appointed by the PIU will continue to supervise the construction works for EMAP compliances. The PIC has employed one Environmental Officer (EO) in their team. The contractor shall implement the EMAP through its own FEO (Field Environmental Officer).

The institutional requirement for the implementation of Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) is given in Figure 5.1. The roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMAP during the construction stage are described herein. 5.5.1.1 Environmental Expert of TSC As a part of project implementation Environmental Expert of TSC has to carry out following activity, • Providing advisory services to PIUs in environmental aspects including seeking the regulatory clearances, application of the ECOP, implementation and monitoring of the identified provisions of the ECOP by the Contractor including by means of workshops; • Scrutinizing, on a sample (atleast one from each District and minimum 10% of total DPRs) basis the environmental checklists generated by PICs, review of applications seeking the regulatory clearances prepared by PICs; and • Conducting periodic site inspection for determining the efficacy and application level of the ECOP and suggest any modifications required thereof. 5.5.1.2 Environmental Officer of PIC The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) and PIU will be responsible to supervise the Contractor in implementing EMP. The EO will be responsible to ensure adherence and implementation of EMAP at all stages of works by the contractor. The EO, if found warranting may also conduct field tests, independent of the contractor to determine the effectiveness of EMAP under approval of PIC/PIU.

The broad duties / responsibilities of the Environmental Officer will continue to include • Review of project design and specifications to ensure their adequacy and suitability with respect to the implementation of EMAP and or ECOP • Collection and dissemination of relevant environmental documents including amendments to environmental protection acts issued by the various agencies, namely, ADB, Government of India / State and local bodies; • Interact with the counterpart of the Contractor(s), review work progress/plans and ensure implementation of the EMAP; • Co-ordination with the NGOs, community groups and Government departments on environmental issues, provide clarifications/ and obtain clearances during project implementation if any, as required from the regulatory authorities and/or submitting periodic compliance reports as required by the State Authorities; • Monitoring sensitive environmental attributes during construction to ensure that the suggested mitigation measures in the EMAP are implemented; • Documentation of the environmental management/monitoring activities for the regular project implementation progress report; and • Conducting environmental training/awareness programmes for the contractors, the project implementation personnel and the communities. 5.5.1.3 Field Environmental Officer of Contractor The FEO of contractor have overall responsibility of EMP implementation. He will instruct his labour force how to maintain the safety and statutory requirement as per environmental guidelines. He will arrange periodic training program for the labour and health check up camp for the labourer. FEO will supply monitoring data to PIC/IPIU as per their instruction.

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5.5.1.4 Environmental Monitoring Agency The Contractor(s) will engage the services of an independent and qualified agency to undertake measurement of environmental quality during the construction stage. The PIU through the PIC responsible to undertake overall environmental monitoring for the Project.

Ministry of Rural Development (MORD), Government of India ADB

National Rural Roads Development Authority (NRRDA) Project Implementation Authority (National Level)

Technical Support Chhattisgarh Rural Road Development Consultants (TSC) Agency- CGRRDA Appointed by NRRDA (State Level)

Project Implementation Unit Environmental (PIU) Expert of TSC

Several Construction Packages for Project Implementation 1384.89 km (Batch IV) roads under Consultant (PIC) each PIUs

Field Environmental Officer (FEO) (One per construction package Environmental Officer (EO) provided by contractor) (Provided by PIC –One full Time)

Independent Environmental IMPLEMENTATION OF Testing & Monitoring Agency EMAP (On need basis)

Figure 5.1: Institutional Requirements for Implementation of EMAP

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

SECTION 6: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The rural project comprising of 1384.89 km rural roads is likely to affect the communities residing around the corridor of impact and their activities. Moreover successful implementation of the project requires co-ordinated efforts of various stakeholders at different levels. Hence, consultation at different levels was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the development decisions were made. Public consultation was useful for gathering environmental data, understanding likely impacts and community’s needs and preferences.

The various alternatives could be evolved and sustainable mitigation measures could be formulated through consultations. It assisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory process helped in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participation of the local people in the decision making process. The involvement of the various stakeholders ensured that the affected population and other stakeholders are informed, consulted and are allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation.

6.2 OBJECTIVES

The main objective of the consultation process was to minimise negative impacts of the project and to maximise the benefits of the project. Other objectives of the consultation process were the following:

ƒ To promote public awareness about the proposed project especially amongst the potentially impacted communities/individuals; ƒ To educate the communities/individuals close to project roads about the proposed course of action and the project alternatives; ƒ To solicit the views of communities/individuals residing near rural roads proposed for construction on environmental and social problems; ƒ To gather inputs from the affected communities/individuals in crucial decisions regarding mitigation of the identified environmental and social issues; ƒ To stimulate community self evaluation and analysis; and ƒ To ensure lessening of public resistance to change by providing them a platform in the decision making process

6.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

6.3.1 Stages and Levels of Consultation

Public consultation was conducted both at screening stage as well as IEE stage. Consultations conducted at screening stage played an important role in scoping the level and extent of consultation to be taken in the project preparation stage. Public consultations have been held at three levels as follows:

ƒ Local level (village level/Block level) villagers through which roads are passing. ƒ District level consultations involving District Magistrates, revenue department, PIU officials, local forest department; and ƒ Institutional level consultations with State Forestry Department and State Pollution Control Board.

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Tools for Consultation

Public Consultation was done using various tools including, discussion with village panchayats, government officials and other stakeholders.

(i) Formal/Informal discussion

During the transect walk, consultations were held with the panchayat officials and villagers. Also during the reconnaissance survey and site visits, discussions were carried out informally drawing people into dialogue to obtain an overview of likely impacts and concerns of the community. Consultation was held at several locations along the rural roads alignment covering areas where public activity was intense and close to proposed alignment covering owners of houses located close to rural roads.

A checklist of questions was kept ready and responses were elicited from people and guidelines were issued to field assistants for the purpose. The FGDs were held at all the locations of 39 sample roads.

(ii) Institutional Level / Stake Holders Consultative Workshop

The institutional level consultations were held with representatives of institutions having stakes in implementation of the project. The institutions contacted included state forest department, State Pollution Control Board, line agency like public heath engineering department (who is responsible for rural water supply) etc.

In addition to the official listed above the officials from other departments were also contacted on several occasions. The contacted officials included Tehsildars, NGOs, industry department and respective – district magistrate Offices. List of persons consulted during FGD are given in Appendix VI.

6.3.2 Contents

The consultation with institutional officials focussed on the following issues. ƒ Project description: - Need for the construction of rural roads and benefits of the project. ƒ Social and environmental assessment processes vis-à-vis- GOI and the multilateral funding agency requirements. ƒ The extent / nature of negative social and environmental impact and the need for rehabilitation and resettlement in the project. Avoidance and mitigation aspects in the project. ƒ People’s participation in planning, implementation and monitoring & evaluation stage.

6.3.3 Public Hearing, Schedule IV, under EIA notification of MoEF

The implementation of fourth batch of rural road projects will not require public hearing in the light of EIA Notification 2006 (amended in 2009).

6.3.4 Issues Raised and Community Perception

Some of the general issues raised during the different consultation sessions can be summed up as follows. ƒ Water Logging and Drainage Participants had a fear construction of rural roads with new alignment may alter natural drainage pattern in the area and may cause flooding and water logging in the agriculture fields if adequate cross drainage structures are not provided.

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ƒ Loss of Livelihood and Income Restoration Options This issue was raised by few of villagers, as loss of fertile land will deteriorate their income sources. ƒ Road Safety Safety issues were paramount in all the consultation sessions. Woman participants raised the issue of their children’s safety. ƒ Land Acquisition People were not much concerned about the land requirements of the project and impact on their agriculture land. They were also of the view that community should be consulted before the road designs are finalised. ƒ Loss of Idols/Shrines Except very few cases no such major concern for shifting of idols/ shrines ƒ Loss of Trees Due to Road Construction Respondents were of the opinion that trees cutting should be avoided or else minimised. But in most of the cases the villagers already felled trees voluntarily. For trees to be cut compensatory plantation should be done. Some villagers expected additional plantation should be done. Recommended tree species for plantation were other local varieties. ƒ Impacts on Health Separate consultation sessions were organised by social team to identify issues pertaining to health specifically for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Settlements along the rural roads were reported to be getting exposed to such diseases as there are no long distance users on the project roads. ƒ Employment during Construction The locals demanded that locals should be given preference in employment during project implementation. ƒ Perceptions and Expectations Perceptions and expectations of the community recorded during the consultation sessions can be broadly listed as: ¾ The public and the PAPs appreciate the rural road construction. ¾ Community and large appreciated overall benefits to the community resulting from project development; ¾ Aware of the increased access, less travel time in commuting after project implementation; ¾ Expect better management of traffic and necessary noise barriers at educational and health facilities during construction; ƒ Addressing of Issues The project has tried its best to address all the issues raised during consultations under the constraints of suitability from engineering point of view. Some of the provisions made under the project to address the issues and concerns of the community are given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Addressal of General Issues and Concerns under the Project

Issue/Concern Addressal under the project Water Logging and Drainage Adequate cross drainage structures have been planned Road Safety Adequate safely signage planned all along the rural road. Land acquisition through The proposed ROW is 12m along the rural road. Minimum donation and Mode of land acquisition is planned for some cases of the project compensation (if any) road. Loss of roadside Idols and shrines will be relocated (if required at all) to the idols/shrines other nearby places with consultation and proper rituals Loss of trees Compensatory afforestation would be done at the ratio of three trees for each tree to be cut. Increased pollution levels Pollution levels are not crossing the prescribed limits of CPCB and planned plantation will screen the emission.

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Issue/Concern Addressal under the project Utilities and basic All the utilities, electric poles, telephone lines, wells, tube infrastructure wells etc. to be impacted will be relocated under the project cost. Employment of locals during Locals will be given preference for employment during the construction project implementation

The issues raised and their incorporation in the design has been explained in Tables 6.2.

Table 6.2: Summarisation of Issues and Findings at Various Locations

Participants Comments and Mitigation Measures Location Issues Suggestions and Action Plan All the 6 • Peoples • The Villagers are in favour of the • Safety measures will districts Perception Project as they see a job be provided. about the opportunity and faster transport. Adequate signage Project • Air and Water especially drinking will be provided. • Air, Water water qualities are not polluted. • For dust problem Quality • Primary water sources are hand during construction • Noise level pump and open well and these sprinkling system will • Water should be relocated first if be considered Source affected. • No construction • Health and • No construction activity will be activity planned Environment taken in the night in built up area. during night time at • Road • Affected water sources will be habitation. Alignment relocated first and then there will • Water Resources be dismantling of the existing will be relocated first sources. before dismantling • The villagers required proper the existing ones. traffic control at the road • Road alignment is junctions to prevent accidents. planned during • Villagers are sound in health transect walk. • Locals will be given preference in employment during construction.

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CHAPTER 7: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

7.1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The findings and recommendations of the IEE for the rural road construction works are summarized hereunder:

ƒ The IEE has been carried out for 1384.89 km of rural roads, which represent the fourth batch. ƒ The potential impacts have been screened in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 of ADB and new safeguard policy 2009 and required adequate mitigation measures have been suggested in the form of an environmental mitigation action plan (EMAP). ƒ The anticipated environmental impacts will be insignificant, reversible and will mostly occur during the construction stage. The mitigation measures for minimizing these environmental impacts as stated in the EMP will be easily implemented. ƒ The Institutional requirements for implementation of mitigation measures has been in placed. ƒ The review on environmental compliances carried out by TSC that will be reported quarterly will also be used to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of EMAP.

7.2 CONCLUSION

Based on the IEE study and screening surveys conducted for the Project, associated potential adverse environmental impacts can be mitigated. No further Environmental Impact Assessment study will be required.

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APPENDICES

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

APPENDIX I

Chhattisgarh - Packaging & Details of Road under ADB Batch – IV

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 1 Bilaspur CG0270 L073 Bilha T10 Murkuta Nawagaon U 3.30 2 Bilaspur CG0269 L070 Bilha T09 Bilha Dodki Kewachi U 4.41 3 Bilaspur CG0269 L065 Bilha T09 Bitkuli Pondi H U 3.00 4 Bilaspur CG0268 L021 Bilha Pathrapali Korbi Banka N 9.00 5 Bilaspur CG0270 L078 Bilha T10 Dagori Udantal N 3.00 6 Bilaspur CG0270 L077 Bilha T10 Murkutta Ghoghra U 3.74 7 Bilaspur CG0270 L076 Bilha 10 Barri Mohtara U 3.20 8 Bilaspur CG0269 L054 Bilha Kadar Limtari U 5.40 9 Bilaspur CG0269 L055 Bilha T08 Kadar Kuwan U 7.30 10 Bilaspur CG0268 L039 Bilha T13 Moht arai Chumkuwan U 2.30 11 Bilaspur CG0268 L040 Bilha T13 Lachhanpur N 6.70 12 Bilaspur CG0269 L054 Bilha Sarda Kheksahi N 3.00 13 Bilaspur CG0269 L067 Bilha L74 Udagan U 1.05 14 Bilaspur CG0270 L075 Bilha Bartori Beltukari U 4.50 15 Bilaspur CG0268 L092 Bilha L91 Khairkhundi U 1.35 16 Bilaspur CG0268 L091 Bilha T01 Sarwan Deori U 4.05 17 Bilaspur CG0270 L051 Bilha Passid Khamhardih U 4.60 18 Bilaspur CG0271 L024 Masturi T02 Kuli Kukda Basaha N 5.01 19 Bilaspur CG0272 L063 Masturi T05 Chilhati Kokadi N 10.60 20 Bilaspur CG0271 L041 Masturi T03 Kosamdih N 3.10 21 Bilaspur CG0271 L021 Masturi L022 Jeora road Khondra N 5.50 22 Bilaspur CG0271 L023 Masturi L022 Amanara Udangi Mahimad N 4.60 23 Bilaspur CG0272 L054 Masturi Chilhati Godadih Keotadih N 6.45 24 Bilaspur CG0274 L038 Patharia L036 Rambod U 2.01 25 Bilaspur CG0274 L031 Patharia T03 Hathkera U 2.00 26 Bilaspur CG0274 L041 Patharia Lo36 Birkoni N 1.88 27 Bilaspur CG0274 L048 Patharia Pendri (S) Sorla U 1.35 28 Bilaspur CG0274 L051 Patharia Khutera Kalar Jevara U 3.03 29 Bilaspur CG0274 L055 Patharia T06 Bhathali U 4.00 30 Bilaspur CG0273 L069 Thakhatpur Takhatpur Hardi U 10.71 31 Bilaspur CG0273 L022 Thakhatpur Bhouwakapa Patharra U 1.35 32 Bilaspur CG0273 L064 Thakhatpur SH-26 Araiband U 4.00 33 Bilaspur CG0273 L085 Thakhatpur L083 Deotara U 3.70 34 Bilaspur CG0276 L077 Kota Majhagaon Kendadand N 2.20 35 Bilaspur CG0276 L045 Kota L044 Lamkeniya para N 1.50 36 Bilaspur CG0276 L059 Kota Gobripat Achanakmar Newasa N 1.50 37 Bilaspur CG0276 L043 Kota Kota Ratanpur Road Bankighat U 1.50 38 Bilaspur CG0276 L053 Kota Kota Lormi Road Murtipara U 3.20 39 Bilaspur CG0276 L027 Kota Majhawani Kenda Road Barpali N 5.10 40 Bilaspur CG0276 L072 Kota Karawa Upka N 5.00 41 Bilaspur CG0275 L056 Gourella T09 Pateratola Tendumuda N 3.60 42 Bilaspur CG0275 L025 Gourella Sedhawani Dewrajpara N 1.95 43 Bilaspur CG0275 L052 Gourella Anjani Chhoti Anjani Badi N 2.00 44 Bilaspur CG0275 L040 Gourella Jogidongri Aandu U 3.10 45 Bilaspur CG0277 L043 Marwahi Majhagawan Dumar kherwa N 3.20 46 Bilaspur CG0277 L041 Marwahi Kotami Marwahi Kolvirra N 3.00 47 Bilaspur CG0278 L047 Marwahi Silpahari Majhitola N 1.50 48 Bilaspur CG0277 L032 Marwahi Marwahi Litiyasarai N 2.00

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 49 Bilaspur CG0277 L073 Marwahi Danikundi Dewridand N 4.11 50 Bilaspur CG0278 L083 Marwahi Nimdha Siwani Aithi N 2.30 51 Bilaspur CG0277 L040 Marwahi Kotmi Marwahi Patharra Kherawa tola N 4.45 52 Bilaspur CG0277 L087 Marwahi Pandari Bahutadol N 3.20 53 Bilaspur CG0278 L080 Marwahi Rataga Dewrajtola N 1.20 54 Bilaspur CG0278 L081 Marwahi Dharahar Hukaratola N 1.50 55 Bilaspur CG0278 L075 Marwahi Nimdha Jarhatola N 1.60 56 Bilaspur CG0278 L066 Marwahi Dhanpur Salhekota Nimtikara N 7.08 57 Bilaspur CG0275 L040 Pendra Amarpur Lalati Majholipara N 1.30 58 Durg CG 0562 L - 041 Bemetara Bahinga Karhi U 2.75 59 Durg CG 0562 L - 061 Bemetara Khandsara (Jagmadwa) Lawatara N 4.65 60 Durg CG 0562 L - 042 Bemetara Main Road NH - 12A Joung U 2.55 61 Durg CG 0562 L - 038 Bemetara Mohrenga Pausari U 2.65 62 Durg CG 0563 L - 069 Berla Chikhala Surajpura N 3.70 63 Durg CG 0563 L - 064 Berla Khapri Khumiguda U 3.20 64 Durg CG 0563 L - 059 Berla Main Road T07 Bhatasouri N 6.50 65 Durg CG 0563 L - 068 Berla Main Road Budera N 1.10 66 Durg CG 0563 L - 077 Berla Berla - Lawatara Road Taksiwa - Takam N 5.00 67 Durg CG 0564 L - 025 Dhamdha Ahiwara Dhour (Malpuri) N 7.15 68 Durg CG 0564 L - 059 Dhamdha Kanharpuri Silli N 4.10 69 Durg CG 0564 L - 040 Dhamdha Kodiya Dongariya (Bodegaon) N 5.70 70 Durg CG 0564 L - 068 Dhamdha Main Road T09 Paraskol N 1.30 71 Durg CG 0564 L - 045 Dhamdha Main Road T05 Parsadapar N 1.20 72 Durg CG 0564 L - 047 Dhamdha Main Road T07 Potiya (N) N 3.10 73 Durg CG 0564 L - 074 Dhamdha Main Road T09 Dharampura N 0.75 74 Durg CG 0564 L - 066 Dhamdha Main Road T09 Nawagaon N 2.00 75 Durg CG 0564 L - 078 Dhamdha Main Road T011 Bharni N 1.05 76 Durg CG 0564 L - 085 Dhamdha Main Road T13 Kandai U 1.40 77 Durg CG 0564 L - 057 Dhamdha Main Road Gadaghat N 1.00 78 Durg CG 0564 L - 023 Dhamdha Main Road (Girhola) Ghikudiya U 2.20 79 Durg CG 0564 L - 058 Dhamdha Main Road T05 Khilora Mandir N 4.35 80 Durg CG 0564 L - 051 Dhamdha Main Road Siltara N 2.00 81 Durg CG 0564 L - 044 Dhamdha Navagaon Kareli N 2.10 82 Durg CG 0564 L - 050 Dhamdha Purdakhurd Gadadih N 0.80 83 Durg CG 0567 L - 040 Durg Main Road T01 Jhenjhari N 2.40 84 Durg CG 0567 L - 032 Durg Nikum Masabhat U 2.35 85 Durg CG 0570 L - 049 Nawagarh Andhiyarkhor Barbaspur U 2.50 86 Durg CG 0570 L - 050 Nawagarh Andhiyarkhor Makhanpur N 6.00 87 Durg CG 0570 L - 044 Nawagarh Badnara Medki N 3.35 88 Durg CG 0570 L - 043 Nawagarh Mehna Khapri N 1.50 89 Durg CG 0570 L - 063 Nawagarh Murkuta Jhanki U 3.85 90 Durg CG 0570 L - 046 Nawagarh Nawagaon Kuwa N 2.50 91 Durg CG 0570 L - 024 Nawagarh Putpura (Bundela) Binaika N 1.00 92 Durg CG 0570 L - 052 Nawagarh Samesar Manpur N 2.00 93 Durg CG 0570 L - 065 Nawagarh Thengabhat (Birampur) Boerkachra (Amlidih) U 5.60 94 Durg CG 0572 L - 026 Saja Karesara Khamhariya Rd. Jeora N 0.90 95 Durg CG 0572 L - 027 Saja Karesara Khamhariya Rd. Matiya U 2.10 96 Durg CG 0566 L - 025 Dondilohara Bhurkabhat Shikaritola N 1.85 Gunderdehi - Rajnandgaon 97 Durg CG 0566 L - 021 Dondilohara Bhalukona U 1.00 Rd 98 Durg CG 0566 L - 052 Dondilohara Khairkhatta Banjari U 5.60

Technical Support Consultants 49 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 99 Durg CG 0566 L - 042 Dondilohara Kodekasa Jhikatola N 2.15 100 Durg CG 0566 L - 041 Dondilohara Kodekasa Kharbathar N 3.55 101 Durg CG 0566 L - 035 Dondilohara Main Road T03 Bangaon N 0.85 102 Durg CG 0566 L - 037 Dondilohara Main Road T04 Bhaiyakuwa N 3.15 103 Durg CG 0566 L - 033 Dondilohara Main Road T04 Rengani U 1.95 104 Durg CG 0566 L - 034 Dondilohara Main Road T04 Renghai U 2.10 105 Durg CG 0566 L - 038 Dondilohara Main Road T05 Kamta U 1.20 106 Durg CG 0566 L - 051 Dondilohara Rengadabri Annutola U 3.10 107 Durg CG 0566 L - 049 Dondilohara Rengadabri Chilamgota U 3.10 108 Durg CG 0568 L - 023 Gunderdehi Main Road T02 Kosa N 1.65 109 Durg CG 0568 L - 026 Gunderdehi Main Road T02 Khapari N 2.50 110 Durg CG 0568 L - 041 Gunderdehi Bhatagaon - Payala Road Daniya N 1.35 111 Durg CG 0568 L - 062 Gunderdehi Kandul Rouna N 4.65 112 Durg CG 0568 L - 028 Gunderdehi Machaud Bhendra U 2.35 113 Durg CG 0568 L - 050 Gunderdehi Mahud Saloni U 3.95 114 Durg CG 0568 L - 051 Gunderdehi Sankri Mongari U 5.05 115 Durg CG 0568 L - 054 Gunderdehi Chourel Mohalai U 2.20 116 Durg CG 0568 L - 058 Gunderdehi Khuteri Kherud U 3.60 117 Durg CG 0568 L - 060 Gunderdehi Arjuni - Tikari Renhachi U 1.35 118 Durg CG 0568 L - 075 Gunderdehi Arjunda-Bhilai Road Gorkapar U 2.00 119 Durg CG 0568 L - 076 Gunderdehi Matiya Saloni U 4.80 120 Durg CG 0568 L - 077 Gunderdehi Main Road Tilkhairi U 1.85 121 Durg CG 0561 L - 045 Balod Jungera Ranitarai U 1.90 122 Durg CG 0561 L - 044 Balod Parras Khairtarai U 1.45 123 Durg CG 0561 L - 025 Balod Paragaon SH5 Charota U 1.50 124 Durg CG 0561 L - 027 Balod Jhalmala - Parsoda Road Sohtara U 2.10 125 Durg CG 0561 L - 035 Balod Jamarua Semarkona U 2.60 126 Durg CG 0561 L - 037 Balod Main Road T-05 Mulleguda U 2.40 127 Durg CG 0561 L - 040 Balod Madwapathra Malgaon U 3.20 128 Durg CG 0565 L - 035 Dondi Kopedera Durkatola N 1.00 129 Durg CG 0565 L - 024 Dondi Amadula Bhutipara (Kishanpuri) N 3.40 130 Durg CG 0565 L - 048 Dondi Salhe Dhotimtola N 2.20 131 Durg CG 0565 L - 034 Dondi Bhandaritola Lakhmatola U 1.50 132 Durg CG 0565 L - 066 Dondi Pachera Oragaon N 4.00 133 Durg CG 0565 L - 040 Dondi Bharritola Barbattipara N 2.45 134 Durg CG 0565 L - 030 Dondi Picchetola - Jabkasa Rd. Tumdisur N 4.00 135 Durg CG 0565 L - 026 Dondi Main Road T02 Limaudih (Nawapara) N 3.55 136 Durg CG 0565 L - 065 Dondi Khumhartola Bhalupara N 1.35 137 Durg CG 0565 L - 064 Dondi Khallari Tekadhora N 3.85 138 Durg CG 0565 L - 027 Dondi Picchetola - Jabkasa Mardel N 1.35 139 Durg CG 0565 L-031A Dondi Markatola Paiwari N 3.60 140 Durg CG 0565 L-046A Dondi Borgaon Hodekasa N 2.40 141 Durg CG 0565 L-049A Dondi Darretola Kodekasa N 2.40 142 Durg CG 0565 L - 069 Dondi Picchetola - Jabkasa Narralguda N 1.40 143 Durg CG 0565 L - 068 Dondi Beloda - Gotulmuda Road Arajgundra(Keshavpur) N 2.80 144 Durg CG 0569 L - 027 Gurur Miritola - Boridkala Road Mudkhusra N 0.85 145 Durg CG 0569 L - 034 Gurur Main Road Dokla U 3.85 146 Durg CG 0569 L - 042 Gurur Balod - Dhamtari Road Khairwahi U 2.00 147 Durg CG 0569 L - 043 Gurur Balod - Dhamtari Road Dhanorapara N 1.00 148 Durg CG 0569 L - 064 Gurur Main Road T01 Ojhagahan-Titurgahan U 5.30 149 Durg CG 0569 L - 070 Gurur Main Road T05 Bohardih N 0.85

Technical Support Consultants 50 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 150 Durg CG 0571 L - 065 Patan Gadadih - Marra Road Bodal U 1.20 151 Durg CG 0571 L - 072 Patan Main Road T011 Deourjhal N 2.60 152 Durg CG 0571 L - 038 Patan Patan Matiya N 4.20 153 Durg CG 0571 L - 045 Patan Main Road Chulgahan U 1.20 154 Durg CG 0571 L - 024 Patan Main Road Guruwaindih U 0.90 155 Korba CG 1037 L072 Kartala T0 1 (SalihaBhatha) Road Dongaama N 4.10 156 Korba CG 1037 L024 Kartala Champa Chorbhatti Kalgamar N 3.10 157 Korba CG 1037 L033 Kartala Patiyapali Rambhata Sajapani N 3.10 158 Korba CG 1037 L038 Kartala Karrapali tonda Road Pahadgaon N 3.70 159 Korba CG 1038 L070 Korba Sonpuri Road Taraidand villege N 2.45 Ajgarbahar-kachhar Road 160 Korba CG 1038 L085 Korba Kosgai Tempal N 0.75 T09 161 Korba CG 1038 L077 Korba Ajgarbahar-kachhar Rd T09 Tilaidand N 2.50 162 Korba CG 1038 L065 Korba Rajgamar Patrapali Rd T06 Godma Villege N 2.70 163 Korba CG 1039 L079 Pali T0 4 Chaiturgarh Tempal N 7.80 164 Korba CG 1039 L021 Pali Guhichuwa Sapalwa Rd Baisemar N 5.40 165 Korba CG 1039 L081 Pali T0 6 Ramakachhar N 3.00 166 Korba CG 1040 L070 Pondi Uproda T04 Sirkikala N 8.75 167 Korba CG 1040 L169 Pondi Uproda L0 70 Hardipara N 3.3 168 Korba CG 1040 L123 Pondi Uproda T04 Rampur N 2.75 169 Korba CG 1040 L126 Pondi Uproda L125 Lakhanpur N 0.85 170 Korba CG 1040 L151 Pondi Uproda T08 Pathaa (Kachhar) N 5.45 171 Korba CG 1040 L032 Pondi Uproda T02 Jhinpuri N 3.8 172 Korba CG 1040 L117 Pondi Uproda T03 Jamkachar N 6.9 173 Korba CG 1041 L158 Pondi Uproda T05 Matin N 1.9 174 Korba CG 1041 L154 Pondi Uproda T05 Matin Mandir N 2.8 175 Korba CG 1041 L143 Pondi Uproda L 142 Dhawalpur N 7.4 176 Korba CG 1041 L095 Pondi Uproda T07 Merai N 10.9 177 Korba CG 1041 L165 Pondi Uproda L0 100 Pandripani N 10.15 178 Korba CG 1042 L149 Pondi Uproda T07 Khodri P N 4.1 179 Korba CG 1042 L147 Pondi Uproda L 102 Tulbul N 3 180 Korba CG 1042 L107 Pondi Uproda T01 Langi N 3.75 181 Korba CG 1042 L106 Pondi Uproda T01 Adsara N 8.45 182 Korba CG 1042 L023 Pondi Uproda T01 Kumharidarri N 6.00 183 Korba CG 1042 L022 Pondi Uproda T01 Sirri N 1.85 184 Raigarh CG 1356 L-069 Baramkela Nadigaon Lipti N 1.42 185 Raigarh CG 1356 L-027 Baramkela T02(Baramkela-Nawapara) Kotra N 1.38 Chandrapur –Baramkela (T 186 Raigarh CG 1356 L-072 Baramkela Bade Amakoni N 2.95 05) 187 Raigarh CG 1356 L-054 Baramkela T05 Marodhara N 2.19 188 Raigarh CG 1356 L-026 Baramkela Deogaon Ameri N 3.36 189 Raigarh CG 1356 L-059 Baramkela Chandrapur - Baramkela Manikpur N 1.10 190 Raigarh CG 1356 L-056 Baramkela T 01 Chewaripali N 1.81 191 Raigarh CG 1356 L-066 Baramkela Sariya - Katangpali Kandola N 1.65 192 Raigarh CG 1356 L-064 Baramkela Sariya - Katangpali Sukhapali N 3.40 193 Raigarh CG 1356 L-021 Baramkela Saria - Parasrampur Sursi - Ranidih N 2.60 Baramkela – Chandrapur 194 Raigarh CG 1356 L-052 Baramkela Girhupali N 2.70 (T05) 195 Raigarh CG 1356 L-030 Baramkela Baramkela- Nawapara(T 02) Kamrid N 5.17 196 Raigarh CG 1356 L-048 Baramkela S'garh - Baramkela Chantipali N 1.30 197 Raigarh CG 1356 L-051 Baramkela Borida Porath N 8.01 198 Raigarh CG 1357 L-043 Baramkela Baramkela - Sohela Semikot N 3.40 199 Raigarh CG 1357 L-031 Baramkela T03 Mendra N 2.13

Technical Support Consultants 51 Operations Research Group Pvt. Ltd

Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 200 Raigarh CG 1357 L-046 Baramkela Chatipali Kapartunga N 12.45 201 Raigarh CG 1357 L-047 Baramkela L-046 Chatipali - Kapartunga Katangpali N 1.38 202 Raigarh CG 1357 L-073 Baramkela Khichri - Karanpali (L 044) Baigindih N 5.10 203 Raigarh CG 1357 L-038 Baramkela Kokbahal Jirapali N 3.75 204 Raigarh CG 1357 L-028 Baramkela Baramkela - Nawapara Karrakot N 3.40 205 Raigarh CG 1357 L-039 Baramkela Dongripali - Jhal Amapali N 1.00 206 Raigarh CG 1357 L-042 Baramkela Baramkela - Sohela Sakartunga N 5.40 207 Raigarh CG 1357 L-071 Baramkela T 03 Karpi N 5.00 208 Raigarh CG 1358 L-024 Baramkela T01 Jampali N 1.62 209 Raigarh CG 1358 L-035 Baramkela T03 (Vishnupali) Dulopali N 1.60 210 Raigarh CG 1358 L-049 Baramkela Baramkela - Chandrapur Kanchanpur N 1.25 211 Raigarh CG 1358 L-033 Baramkela T03 Pakin Amoda N 3.00 212 Raigarh CG 1358 L-041 Baramkela Jhinkipali - Tarekela Joganipali N 3.48 213 Raigarh CG 1358 L-045 Baramkela Jhinkipali Tarekela N 3.66 214 Raigarh CG 1358 L-037 Baramkela Gaurdih - Dumarpali (L- 036) Santher N 1.10 215 Raigarh CG 1358 L-034 Baramkela Baramkela - Sohela Sonabala - Ghogra N 7.50 216 Raigarh CG 1358 L-040 Baramkela Baramkela - Sohela Jhal - Khamhariya N 14.20 217 Raigarh CG 1359 L-028 S’rangarh Banjari Dhaurabhatha N 2.85 218 Raigarh CG 1359 L-040 S’rangarh S'garh - Saraipali ( T 06 ) Bhanwarpur N 2.00 219 Raigarh CG 1359 L-074 S’rangarh S'garh - Kosir (T 09) Bataupali N 1.78 220 Raigarh CG 1359 L-030 S’rangarh Reda Churela N 3.51 221 Raigarh CG 1359 L-039 S’rangarh S'garh - Saraipali Kuwalijhar N 3.00 222 Raigarh CG 1359 L-057 S’rangarh Kateli Kotmara N 1.00 223 Raigarh CG 1359 S’rangarh Kateli Sahaspani N 12.50 224 Raigarh CG 1359 L-079 S’rangarh Kosir - Kapisda ( L - 075 ) Pat N 2.30 225 Raigarh CG 1359 L-054 S’rangarh Chhind Khokhsipali - Limgaon N 3.09 226 Raigarh CG 1359 L-078 S’rangarh S'garh -Bhatgaon ( T 10 ) Jampali N 1.40 227 Raigarh CG 1359 L-070 S’rangarh S'garh - Kosir Mudpar Bade N 2.25 S'garh-S'narayan-Bhakurra 228 Raigarh CG 1359 S’rangarh Domadih N 2.02 (T07) 229 Raigarh CG 1359 L-029 S’rangarh Hirri Khursi N 2.55 S'garh - - 230 Raigarh CG 1359 L-063 S’rangarh Kalmi N 1.00 Riwapar 231 Raigarh CG 1360 L-053 S’rangarh S'garh -Shivrinarayan Barbhata N 2.01 232 Raigarh CG 1360 L-082 S’rangarh S'garh - Bhatgaon (T 10) Dadaidih N 4.15 233 Raigarh CG 1360 L-065 S’rangarh S'garh -S'narayan - Riwapar Paraskol N 1.00 234 Raigarh CG 1360 L-066 S’rangarh S'garh - Saraipali ( T- 049 ) Dewgaon N 2.56 235 Raigarh CG 1360 L-067 S’rangarh S'garh - Bhathagaon Nunpani N 1.80 236 Raigarh CG 1360 L-045 S’rangarh Malda - Chhatadei (T 05) Kharwani Chhote N 4.14 237 Raigarh CG 1360 L-042 S’rangarh Dansara - Sariya ( T-04) Budeli N 2.80 238 Raigarh CG 1360 L-050 S’rangarh Malda"B" -Chhatadei (T 05) Domadih N 1.90 239 Raigarh CG 1360 L-047 S’rangarh S'garh - Saripali ( T06 ) Achanakpali N 2.77 240 Raigarh CG 1360 L-023 S’rangarh T 01 Khaira Bade N 1.00 241 Raigarh CG 1360 L-035 S’rangarh Godam - Bandhapali (T 03) Thakurdia N 2.25 242 Raigarh CG 1360 L-084 S’rangarh Sarang garh - Kosir (T 09) Chhantipali N 1.10 243 Raigarh CG 1360 L-071 S’rangarh S'garh - Kosir (T 09) Machaladih N 2.00 244 Raigarh CG 1360 L-083 S’rangarh T 06 Khamharpali N 4.83 245 Raigarh CG 1360 L-048 S’rangarh Bhakurra Ganjaibhaona N 3.00 246 Raigarh CG 1360 L-049 S’rangarh T 06 Gatora N 4.30 247 Raigarh CG 1361 L-031 Pussore T 03 - Kandagarh ( L 030 ) Lohakhan N 2.61 L30 (Chhapora-Kandagarh 248 Raigarh CG 1361 L-034 Pussore Mohloi N 2.50 Rd) 249 Raigarh CG 1361 L-061 Pussore Telipali Kanwariha N 1.82

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 250 Raigarh CG 1361 L028 Pussore Raigarh -Thengapali(T-02) Rengalpali N 2.00 251 Raigarh CG 1361 L-046 Pussore Bunga Nawapara (B) N 4.50 252 Raigarh CG 1361 L-069 Pussore Raigarh - Sarangarh (T07) Barpali N 1.80 253 Raigarh CG 1361 L-035 Pussore Nawapara - Lara Gudu N 4.00 254 Raigarh CG 1361 L-040 Pussore Machida Nawapali N 4.00 Sambalpuri Chowk - 255 Raigarh CG 1362 L-028 Raigarh Saraipali N 1.90 Kolaibahal ( T 02 ) 256 Raigarh CG 1362 L-130 Raigarh T 03 Bhikharimal N 1.05 257 Raigarh CG 1362 L-033 Raigarh Raigarh-Kolaibahal BadeAttarmuda N 1.26 258 Raigarh CG 1362 L-038 Raigarh Raigarh-Kokbahal Dumarpali N 4.02 259 Raigarh CG 1362 L-040 Raigarh Bhuiyapali - Jamgaon Road Beharapali N 0.90 260 Raigarh CG 1362 L-027 Raigarh Khichari-Karanpali (L044) Sapnai N 1.90 261 Raigarh CG 1362 L-058 Raigarh Lebda Hardijhariya N 3.00 Sambalpur Ch. – Kolaibahal 262 Raigarh CG 1362 L-026 Raigarh Jharguda N 8.30 (T02) 263 Raigarh CG 1363 L-065 Kharsiya Domanara-Darripali (T-12) Karuadih N 1.54 Kurrubhatha - Tendumudi (T 264 Raigarh CG 1363 L-023 Kharsiya Jhitipali N 1.89 02) 265 Raigarh CG 1363 L-078 Kharsiya Kurrubhatha - Binjkot (T 02) Bade Jampali N 1.15 266 Raigarh CG 1363 L-021 Kharsiya Khudubhata - Kukaricholi Nawarangpur N 1.70 267 Raigarh CG 1363 L-069 Kharsiya T 12 Tumidh N 4.02 268 Raigarh CG 1363 L-030 Kharsiya L 028 Rajpur N 2.00 269 Raipur CG 1488 01L043 Abhanpur Koliyari Lakhana U 2.25 270 Raipur CG 1488 01L060 Abhanpur Raweli Kanhera U 2.85 271 Raipur CG 1488 01L047 Abhanpur 01T06(33.9Km) Dadarjhori U 3.20 272 Raipur CG 1489 02L028 Arang Kutela Mohmola U 1.70 273 Raipur CG 1489 12L060 Pallari Deosundra Tila N 3.50 274 Raipur CG 1489 12L025 Pallari Binouri Chherkadih U 2.00 275 Raipur CG 1489 12L038 Pallari T04(km.4) Lakadiya U 3.20 276 Raipur CG 1489 12L051 Pallari T08(km.63) Patharidih U 3.00 277 Raipur CG 1489 12L050 Pallari T08(Pahanda) Janglore N 2.30 278 Raipur CG 1489 12L027 Pallari Amera Achholi U 6.10 279 Raipur CG 1489 12L061 Pallari T09(km.9) Sakari(P) U 1.175 280 Raipur CG 1489 12L028 Pallari Balodi Sitapar U 4.425 281 Raipur CG 1489 12L029 Pallari Balodi Boirdih U 2.50 282 Raipur CG 1489 12L065 Pallari Datan Gatapar U 4.10 283 Raipur CG 1489 12L041 Pallari T04(Bharwadih) Malpuri U 1.50 284 Raipur CG 1489 12L022 Pallari Tilda Mallin N 3.40 285 Raipur CG 1489 12L062 Pallari T11(km.8) Awransi U 1.10 286 Raipur CG 1489 12L042 Pallari Junwani Deogaon U 1.10 287 Raipur CG 1490 14L025 Simga 14T02(6 km) Jhiriya U 2.00 288 Raipur CG 1490 14L021 Simga Diggi Matiya U 5.25 289 Raipur CG 1490 14L042 Simga Hirmi Burdih U 3.80 290 Raipur CG 1490 14L038 Simga Tildabandha Newari U 1.60 291 Raipur CG 1490 14L043 Simga Kathiya Bhalesoor U 4.70 292 Raipur CG 1490 14L052 Simga NH 200 Tarponga U 2.40 293 Raipur CG 1490 14L047 Simga NH 200 Tendubhata U 4.90 294 Raipur CG 1490 15L034 Tilda Madaipur Chhadiya U 2.725 295 Raipur CG 1490 15L035 Tilda Nahardih Chhadiya U 1.00 296 Raipur CG 1494 L042 Bilaigarh 05T08 Bisanpur U 1.50 297 Raipur CG 1494 L022 Bilaigarh 05T01(Kot) Kediyarwar U 2.10 298 Raipur CG 1494 L054 Bilaigarh Bitkuli (Churela) Durumgarh U 2.25 299 Raipur CG 1494 L064 Bilaigarh Bhinodi (Pipardula) Muchhmalda U 2.05

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 300 Raipur CG 1494 L056 Bilaigarh Bhatgaon (Salonikala) Chiknidih U 4.60 301 Raipur CG 1494 L046 Bilaigarh Korkoti N 2.85 302 Raipur CG 1494 L033 Bilaigarh Pirda Charpali N 5.60 303 Raipur CG 1494 L031 Bilaigarh Bhatgaon Tendudarha N 11.35 304 Raipur CG 1494 L021 Bilaigarh Odkakan Pendripali N 2.10 305 Raipur CG 1494 L041 Bilaigarh 05T06 Gardeeh Parsapali N 2.20 306 Raipur CG 1494 L060 Bilaigarh Girsa Piparbhawana N 2.75 307 Raipur CG 1494 L058 Bilaigarh 05L057 Ghana N 1.00 308 Raipur CG 1494 L061 Bilaigarh Senduras Taulidih (Kosamkunda) U 3.60 309 Raipur CG 1494 L062 Bilaigarh 05T08 Gauradih (Dhangaon J) U 1.20 310 Raipur CG 1492 L048 Bazar Lawan Turama (Pahanda) U 8.50 311 Raipur CG 1492 L022 Baloda Bazar Dhabadih Deori U 4.05 312 Raipur CG 1492 L066 Baloda Bazar Saloni Bharsela N 2.325 313 Raipur CG 1492 L067 Baloda Bazar Balodabazar Saloni U 10.80 314 Raipur CG 1492 L051 Baloda Bazar Kailadhgarh (Datan) Khaira N 1.75 315 Raipur CG 1492 L069 Baloda Bazar Saloni Koliyari U 1.55 316 Raipur CG 1492 L024 Baloda Bazar Damru Amalkunda N 3.025 317 Raipur CG 1492 L058 Baloda Bazar Risda Puran U 2.30 318 Raipur CG 1492 L056 Baloda Bazar Sakri Khamhriya(Yadu) U 2.00 319 Raipur CG 1492 L035 Baloda Bazar 03T05 Charoti U 2.025 320 Raipur CG 1491 L022 Bhatapara Silwa Khapri U 2.00 321 Raipur CG 1491 L034 Bhatapara Hasda 04T02 N 4.625 322 Raipur CG 1491 L033 Bhatapara Dhaurabhata Paunsari N 5.00 323 Raipur CG 1491 L053 Bhatapara Dhaurabhata Semhradih U 2.85 324 Raipur CG 1491 L031 Bhatapara Chichpol 04L030 N 1.70 325 Raipur CG 1491 L038 Bhatapara Mirgi Arjuni U 3.00 326 Raipur CG 1491 L023 Bhatapara Pasid Chamarguda U 3.65 327 Raipur CG 1491 L024 Bhatapara Pathariya 04L023 U 2.15 328 Raipur CG 1493 L056 Kasdol Dhaurabhata Bamhni U 4.00 329 Raipur CG 1493 L059 Kasdol 10T07 Putpura U 1.80 330 Raipur CG 1493 L038 Kasdol Girod Darra N 3.95 331 Raipur CG 1493 L058 Kasdol Mudhipar Piparchedi U 3.10 332 Raipur CG 1493 L021 Kasdol Khapridih Amlidih N 1.50 333 Raipur CG 1493 L046 Kasdol Jogidipa Kanjiya (Bitkuli) N 2.35 334 Raipur CG 1493 L044 Kasdol 10T05 Checharpali N 2.00 335 Raipur CG 1493 L025 Kasdol Pasid Motipur N 2.00 336 Raipur CG 1496 06L038 Chhura Pendra Seharapani N 3.50 337 Raipur CG 1496 06L027 Chhura Dulla Chitamada N 4.00 338 Raipur CG 1496 06L037 Chhura Sendbahara Jatiatora N 5.775 339 Raipur CG 1496 06L072 Chhura Mongra Naginbahra N 9.60 340 Raipur CG 1496 06L051 Chhura Gaydabri Talesar N 5.05 341 Raipur CG 1496 06L067 Chhura Amethi Lohjhar (B) N 6.70 342 Raipur CG 1496 06L022 Chhura 06T02 Nawadih N 2.10 343 Raipur CG 1496 06L043 Chhura MDR Pandripani N 2.15 344 Raipur CG 1496 06L053 Chhura Lohjhar Pandripani N 2.10 345 Raipur CG 1496 06L060 Chhura Khadma Kurekera N 2.20 346 Raipur CG 1496 06L026 Chhura 06T02 (Dulla) Parsapani N 4.375 347 Raipur CG 1496 06L042 Chhura 06T05 (Kharkhara) Birodar N 5.30 348 Raipur CG 1496 06L036 Chhura 06T03 Kodamal N 0.65 349 Raipur CG 1496 06L039 Chhura Pendra Gonbara N 4.20 350 Raipur CG 1496 06L054 Chhura Lohjhar Gidhani N 2.05

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 351 Raipur CG 1496 13L054 Fingeshwar Kosumkhuta Khapri N 2.60 352 Raipur CG 1496 13L052 Fingeshwar 13T01(20Km) Sonasilly U 3.40 353 Mahasamund CG1251 L021 Basna Chanat Rangmatiya N 6.9 354 Mahasamund CG1251 L046 Basna TR-04 Kapudih Birshingpali U 1.35 355 Mahasamund CG1251 L034 Basna T-03 Bamnidih U 3.83 356 Mahasamund CG1251 L060 Basna Badedhaba Chhotedhaba N 3.13 357 Mahasamund CG1252 L078 Basna Dongaripali Bhawarchuwa N 5.15 358 Mahasamund CG1252 L028 Basna T-02 10 Km Palsapali U 2.05 359 Mahasamund CG1252 L043 Basna L-042 Bhauradadar N 1.00 360 Mahasamund CG1252 L055 Basna NH-6 Barbaspur Banipali N 2.10 361 Mahasamund CG1252 L049 Basna T-02 Koliyaridih N 4.85 362 Mahasamund CG1255 L022 Basna Bijarabhata Dhamanghutkuri U 2.35 363 Mahasamund CG1255 L058 Basna NH-6 Badetamari U 2.52 364 Mahasamund CG1255 L039 Basna T-04 8.5 Km. Karanapali U 4.95 365 Mahasamund CG1255 L032 Basna T-02 Badesajapali Bhuthabahara U 4.30 366 Mahasamund CG1255 L077 Basna Kudekel Potapara U 2.20 367 Mahasamund CG1255 L023 Basna TR-01 Gohedadar N 1.78 368 Mahasamund CG1257 L054 Basna L-053 Mohka Bhadarpali N 3.75 369 Mahasamund CG1257 L046 Basna TR-04 Budhudongar U 3.55 370 Mahasamund CG1257 L029 Basna TR-02 1 Km. Roopapali U 4.55 371 Mahasamund CG1257 L033 Basna T-02 Badesajapali Harda U 4.10 372 Mahasamund CG1249 L024 Mahasamund Bhoring Kukaradih N 3.60 373 Mahasamund CG1249 L072 Pithora TR-11 Kauhakuda Phutguna N 4.35 374 Mahasamund CG1249 L084 Pithora NH-6 Chhuwalipatera U 3.25 375 Mahasamund CG1249 L022 Pithora NH-6 Memaradih Memara N 1.55 376 Mahasamund CG1249 L068 Pithora LR-66 Kodopali N 2.10 377 Mahasamund CG1249 L028 Pithora NH-6 Dewari Savitripur U 5.40 378 Mahasamund CG1249 L030 Pithora Narsingpur Jarra N 3.10 379 Mahasamund CG1249 L077 Pithora TR-12 Saragtora U 3.40 380 Mahasamund CG1249 L055 Pithora TR-08 Utekel N 1.20 381 Mahasamund CG1249 L076 Pithora NH-6 Kashibahara N 2.30 382 Mahasamund CG1250 L036 Pithora TR-05 Bamhani Kesarpur U 2.35 383 Mahasamund CG1250 L039 Pithora TR-06 Jogidadar Rajpalpur N 4.00 384 Mahasamund CG1250 L033 Pithora TR-05 Baitari Jabalpur N 4.15 385 Mahasamund CG1250 L059 Pithora T-09 Sukhipali N 3.80 386 Mahasamund CG1250 L049 Pithora Katangtarai Chhoteloram U 4.75 387 Mahasamund CG1250 L056 Pithora NH-06 Loharakot N 1.00 388 Mahasamund CG1250 L070 Pithora LR-66 Nawagaon U 1.55 389 Mahasamund CG1253 L053 Pithora TR-08 Chharmauha N 1.95 390 Mahasamund CG1253 L074 Pithora NH-6 Mudipahar Parsapali N 2.30 391 Mahasamund CG1253 L031 Pithora MDR Jhagarndih Nayaktada N 2.45 392 Mahasamund CG1253 L069 Pithora L-066 Sohagpur N 1.10 393 Mahasamund CG1253 L040 Pithora Bhashakarapali Dhupendih N 4.45 394 Mahasamund CG1253 T10 Pithora Bundeli Udarlami U 5.85 395 Mahasamund CG1253 L064 Pithora T10 Faroda U 7.65 396 Mahasamund CG1253 L043 Pithora Pirda Bhawaradadar N 5.50 397 Mahasamund CG1254 L054 Pithora Sagundhap Matidaraha N 3.60 398 Mahasamund CG1254 L067 Pithora Bhurkuni Parsada N 10.20 399 Mahasamund CG1254 L041 Pithora Bhasakarapali Kotgarh N 1.20 400 Mahasamund CG1254 L073 Pithora TR-11 Bartunga U 1.55 401 Mahasamund CG1254 L066 Pithora TR-10 Bhurkoni Kolda U 12.25

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 402 Mahasamund CG1254 L021 Pithora Donripali Kailashpurpara N 2.00 403 Mahasamund CG1254 L057 Pithora NH-6 Dongaripali Pilwapali N 3.50 404 Mahasamund CG1255 T01 Pithora Gopalpur Amapara U 10.40 405 Mahasamund CG1255 L059 Saraipali Goharapara Pandapara N 3.45 406 Mahasamund CG1256 L035 Pithora Narsiya Palam - Parthiya Saraipali N 1.15 407 Mahasamund CG1256 L026 Pithora Bijemal Bhajpuri N 3.60 408 Mahasamund CG1256 L048 Pithora Katangtarai Nawagaon N 4.80 T-04 Sankdara Jhagarandih 409 Mahasamund CG1256 L048 Pithora Piradakatel N 1.60 Road 410 Mahasamund CG1256 L037 Pithora Pirda Bamhampuri N 2.75 411 Mahasamund CG1251 L025 Saraipali NH-216 Nawagarh N 1.50 412 Mahasamund CG1251 L047 Saraipali TR-03 Rafel N 0.75 413 Mahasamund CG1251 L045 Saraipali Temari Banobhata N 3.30 414 Mahasamund CG1251 L031 Saraipali NH-6 Raksha U 8.35 415 Mahasamund CG1252 L046 Saraipali T-03 Sirpur N 2.05 416 Mahasamund CG1252 L052 Saraipali Baloda Gerra U 7.62 417 Mahasamund CG1252 L042 Saraipali TR-03 Sahajpani U 8.95 418 Mahasamund CG1252 L060 Saraipali Jangalbeda Rajadih N 2.45 419 Mahasamund CG1252 L043 Saraipali L-042 Paterapali N 1.20 420 Mahasamund CG1252 L083 Saraipali T-09 Tilaipali N 3.30 421 Mahasamund CG1252 L080 Saraipali T-03 Palsapali N 1.00 422 Mahasamund CG1258 L069 Saraipali NH-6 Haratar N 1.10 423 Mahasamund CG1258 L072 Saraipali L-71 Marg Barihapali N 1.90 424 Mahasamund CG1258 L025 Saraipali L-024 Darrabhata N 2.00 425 Mahasamund CG1258 L062 Saraipali Pajharapali Jatakanhar N 3.10 426 Mahasamund CG1258 L023 Saraipali NH-216 Dagniya N 1.32 TOTAL 1384.88

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

APPENDIX II

Chhattisgarh – Batch IV: List of Roads Selected for Review

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 1 Bilaspur CG0268 L021 Bilha Pathrapali Korbi Banka N 9.00 2 Bilaspur CG0269 L055 Bilha T08 Kadar Kuwan U 7.30 3 Bilaspur CG0270 L075 Bilha Bartori Beltukari U 4.50 4 Bilaspur CG0271 L024 Masturi T02 Kuli Kukda Basaha N 5.01 5 Bilaspur CG0271 L023 Masturi L022 Amanara Udangi Mahimad N 4.60 6 Bilaspur CG0274 L055 Patharia T06 Bhathali U 4.00 7 Bilaspur CG0273 L064 Thakhatpur SH-26 Araiband U 4.00 8 Bilaspur CG0276 L059 Kota Gobripat Achanakmar Newasa N 1.50 9 Bilaspur CG0276 L053 Kota Kota Lormi Road Murtipara U 3.20 10 Bilaspur CG0276 L072 Kota Karawa Upka N 5.00 11 Durg CG 0564 L - 025 Dhamdha Ahiwara Dhour (Malpuri) N 7.15 12 Durg CG 0564 L - 059 Dhamdha Kanharpuri Silli N 4.10 13 Durg CG 0564 L - 068 Dhamdha Main Road T09 Paraskol N 1.30 14 Durg CG 0564 L - 066 Dhamdha Main Road T09 Nawagaon N 2.00 15 Durg CG 0567 L - 032 Durg Nikum Masabhat U 2.35 16 Durg CG 0566 L - 052 Dondilohara Khairkhatta Banjari U 5.60 17 Durg CG 0566 L - 041 Dondilohara Kodekasa Kharbathar N 3.55 18 Durg CG 0568 L - 062 Gunderdehi Kandul Rouna N 4.65 19 Durg CG 0568 L - 075 Gunderdehi Arjunda-Bhilai Road Gorkapar U 2.00 20 Durg CG 0568 L - 077 Gunderdehi Main Road Tilkhairi U 1.85 21 Durg CG 0565 L-031A Dondi Markatola Paiwari N 3.60 22 Korba CG 1040 L070 Pondi Uproda T04 Sirkikala N 8.75 23 Korba CG 1040 L169 Pondi Uproda L0 70 Hardipara N 3.3 24 Korba CG 1040 L151 Pondi Uproda T08 Pathaa (Kachhar) N 5.45 25 Raigarh CG 1356 L-059 Baramkela Chandrapur - Baramkela Manikpur N 1.10 26 Raigarh CG 1357 L-046 Baramkela Chatipali Kapartunga N 12.452 27 Raigarh CG 1358 L-049 Baramkela Baramkela - Chandrapur Kanchanpur N 1.25 28 Raigarh CG 1360 L-066 S’rangarh S'garh - Saraipali ( T- 049 ) Dewgaon N 2.56 29 Raigarh CG 1360 L-049 S’rangarh T 06 Gatora N 4.30 Sambalpuri Chowk - 30 Raigarh CG 1362 L-028 Raigarh Saraipali N 1.90 Kolaibahal ( T 02 ) 31 Raigarh CG 1362 L-130 Raigarh T 03 Bhikharimal N 1.05 32 Raigarh CG 1362 L-038 Raigarh Raigarh-Kokbahal Dumarpali N 4.02 33 Raigarh CG 1362 L-027 Raigarh Khichari-Karanpali (L044) Sapnai N 1.90 Sambalpur Ch. – Kolaibahal 34 Raigarh CG 1362 L-026 Raigarh Jharguda N 8.30 (T02) 35 Raigarh CG 1363 L-065 Kharsiya Domanara-Darripali (T-12) Karuadih N 1.5436 36 Raipur CG 1488 01L043 Abhanpur Koliyari Lakhana U 2.25 37 Raipur CG 1488 01L060 Abhanpur Raweli Kanhera U 2.85 38 Raipur CG 1488 01L047 Abhanpur 01T06(33.9Km) Dadarjhori U 3.20 39 Raipur CG 1489 02L028 Arang Kutela Mohmola U 1.70 40 Raipur CG 1490 14L042 Simga Hirmi Burdih U 3.80 41 Raipur CG 1490 14L038 Simga Tildabandha Newari U 1.60 42 Raipur CG 1490 14L043 Simga Kathiya Bhalesoor U 4.70 43 Raipur CG 1490 15L034 Tilda Madaipur Chhadiya U 2.725 44 Raipur CG 1490 15L035 Tilda Nahardih Chhadiya U 1.00 45 Raipur CG 1494 L033 Bilaigarh Pirda Charpali N 5.60 46 Raipur CG 1494 L031 Bilaigarh Bhatgaon Tendudarha N 11.35

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Name of Link Name of Name of Road Length Pkg. No. N/U No. District No. Block from to (Km) 1 2 3 7 4 5 6 8 9 47 Raipur CG 1494 L041 Bilaigarh 05T06 Gardeeh Parsapali N 2.2048 48 Raipur CG 1494 L062 Bilaigarh 05T08 Gauradih (Dhangaon J) U 1.20 49 Raipur CG 1493 L058 Kasdol Mudhipar Piparchedi U 3.10 50 Mahasamund CG1251 L021 Basna Chanat Rangmatiya N 6.9 51 Mahasamund CG1252 L055 Basna NH-6 Barbaspur Banipali N 2.10 52 Mahasamund CG1255 L058 Basna NH-6 Badetamari U 2.52 53 Mahasamund CG1249 L024 Mahasamund Bhoring Kukaradih N 3.60 54 Mahasamund CG1249 L084 Pithora NH-6 Chhuwalipatera U 3.25 55 Mahasamund CG1249 L028 Pithora NH-6 Dewari Savitripur U 5.40 56 Mahasamund CG1249 L076 Pithora NH-6 Kashibahara N 2.30 57 Mahasamund CG1250 L056 Pithora NH-06 Loharakot N 1.00 TOTAL

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

APPENDIX III Environmental Assessment of Major Bridges

Chhattisgarh: List of Bridges with >25 m Span in Batch IV

S. No. District Block Package Road Name Category Long Span Bridges No. of Road (More than 25m to 50 M) (N/U)* Number Length of Sanctioned of bridge Cost Bridges (M) (Rs. in lakh) Beloda Gotulmuda Road to 1 Durg Dondi CG 0565 N 1 85 m 87 lakh Arajgundra (Keshavpur) Road

RURAL ROADS SECTOR II INVESTMENT PROGRAM CHHATTISGARH : BATCH IV ROADS Environmental Assessment of Bridges (More than 25 m in Length) Name of the district Durg Name of the Block: Dondi Name of the Road Beloda Gotulmuda Road to Package No: CG 0565 Arajgundra (Keshavpur) Road Bridge No: 1 Length of the Road: 3.8 Km. SECTION : A 1. What is the water-body where the bridge will be constructed/ rehabilitated? Stream (Sukha Nala) (Lake /Pond/River/Stream) 2. What is the size/width of this water body? 70 meter (------sq m if lake/pond / ------m for river and stream) 3. What is the type of water body? Have water only during the rainy seasons (Perennial/ have water only during the rainy seasons) 4. What is the usual utilization of this water-body by ƒ Fishing during monsoon months (between June to October). The people living nearby the project water-body river becomes dry during the rest of the period (Fishing, domestic use (drinking, cooking and other ƒ Bathing and washing domestic use), bathing and washing, animal bathing, ƒ Animal bathing religious activities, other if any, and describe …… 5. If it is for fishing, please ask to the local people the following questions: i What is the name of the fish catched from this Small local varieties of fishes water-body ii How many people are generally fishing in this Around 10-15 nos. of people living in nearby habitation water-body iii Where is the fishing area? On both sides (upstream and downstream) of the bridge iv When do the fishing? (morning, afternoon .. Morning and afternoon everyday, once a week etc) v Where they sell the fish Mostly for self consumption. Occasionally sell in Beloda market vi How much is their income from fishing Rs.15-20 per day per head (during June to October) 6. If it is for drinking and domestic activities, please ask to the local people the following questions: i How many people are using this water-body for None drinking and cooking: ii When usually they collect the water: NA iii Where is the exact site for collecting the water NA 7. If it is for animal bathing and drinking please ask to the local people the following questions i Name of the animal: Cow, Buffalo ii Time of visit: (Morning/ Afternoon/ Evening): Morning, evening

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads iii Location: { Downstream/ upstream/ left side/ right On both sides (upstream and downstream) of the bridge side/ any other (specify) } 8. For other uses please ask to the local people the No other use following questions: (Yes/ No) 9. Is there any other animal living in this water- No body…? (Yes/No) If Yes, specify ……………………………… 10. If it is for religious activities please ask local people the following questions i Is it used for any religious activity (Yes/No) No ii If yes, at what they use NA iii Location: (downstream/ upstream/ left side/ right NA side/ any other (specify) 11. Key Issues Raised by the Community, if any? The village has two approaches to nearby Beloda bazaar. Distance to Beloda is about a km more through the proposed bridge compared to the other approach. However, the river is wider (about 100 m) at the other approach. Community requested to examine the feasibility of constructing the bridge at the second approach. The road through the proposed bridge site makes distance to the block head quarter at Dondi shorter at a lesser cost, hence the proposed site has been retained.

SECTION B: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS

Potential Environmental Impacts Yes No Mitigation Measures will the project cause 1 Increase in the sediment due to soil √ ƒ Construction activity planned during lean flow/no flow erosion and spillage of construction ƒ Construction material should not be stored in river/stream material during construction bed 2 Impact on fishing in the stream during √ ƒ Construction activity planned during lean flow/no flow construction when fishing is not carried out 3 Impact on aquatic ecology during √ ƒ No impact as no flow in the stream Operation 4 Impact on downstream users √ ƒ Construction activity planned during lean flow/no flow period. Hence no impact on down stream users 5 Impact on soil erosion in upstream/down √ ƒ Construction activity planned during lean flow/no flow stream during construction/operation period. Hence no chance of soil erosion. ƒ Slope turfing/stone pitching planned at abutments(upstream/ downstream of bridge site 6 Impact on water quality due to √ ƒ No impact as construction activity is planned during no construction flow period 7 Impact on noise environment during √ ƒ No noise generating activity during night time construction ƒ Contractor will provide noise protective measures to workers and will ensure noise levels specified for industrial enterprises in the factories act 1948 8 Impact on socio-economic environment √ ƒ Positive impact – Locals will have access during monsoon time and lesser travel time to agriculture fields and markets and neighboring towns/habitations (Beloda) ƒ Positive impact on better accessibility to health and education facilities 9 Ambient air quality during construction √ ƒ The contractor will provide water sprinkling on haul roads and approaches in the morning and evening during summer months ƒ All vehicles and construction machinery shall confirm to vehicle emission standards specified by statutory undertakers. 10 Hydrology √ ƒ Adequate waterway ƒ No. of piers minimum as per design

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Public Consultation

Construction Activities Yes No Remarks Consultation with local community was √ conducted at bridge site Suggestion/comments received √ If suggestion/ comments received whether √ The village has two approaches to nearby Beloda bazaar. they got incorporated in design Distance to Beloda is about a km more through the proposed bridge compared to the other approach. Community requested to examine the feasibility of constructing the bridge at the second approach. The road through the proposed bridge site makes distance to the block head quarter at Dondi shorter at a lesser cost, hence the proposed site has been retained..

Permission/clearance required prior to commencing civil works

Type of permit/clearance Yes No Remarks SPCB – No Objection √ Establishment of hot-mix plant requires clearance from SCPB. Certificate Establishment of HMP is unlikely for bridge and approached construction Forest Department √ Part of the approach to the proposed bridge falls within Forest area. The PIU has already applied to the Forest Deptt. for required clearance. Joint verification has been completed and clearance from Forest Deptt. is expected soon. It will be obtained before start of construction. MOEF √ Bridges and approaches do not trigger requirements of Environmental clearance as per EIA Notification 2006 For Water Extraction √ Only marginal required in construction of approached For Quarry √ Only materials from licensed quarries will be used For disposing spoil material √ Others √

Photo 1: Proposed bridge site Photo 2: Community consultation

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APPENDIX IV

Environmental Management Action Plan for Pre-Construction and Construction Phases

Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization A Pre Construction Phase Finalization of alignment • The right of way (ROW) to be finalized to minimize social All through the Pre Part of Project Project Preparation impacts, minimum acquisition of agricultural land, forest alignment of each Construction Cost Consultant areas, avoidance of temples, burial grounds, other religious rural road Phase places to the extent possible (Ref strip plans and design report) Land acquisition • Land acquisition through donation, compensation packages All through the Pre Land to be PIU, Govt. of if any, resettlement and rehabilitation, poverty alleviation alignment of each Construction made available CHHATTISGARH, programs for affected people and all other related issues rural road Phase by the state NGOs and other are addressed in Social Impacts and Resettlement & Government/ agencies recommended Rehabilitation report CGRRDA in RAP report Environmental officer under the PIC will also coordinate and ensure implementation B. Construction phase Setting out and clearing ROW • Trees’ falling within ROW and other vegetative cover are to All through the Rural Pre Necessary PIC, PIU, Forest be removed except those, clearance on both sides of roads excepting in Construction cost provisions Department NGOs proposed median edge. stretches of Phase have been shifting of utilities shall • Compensatory plantations within proposed vegetation strip habitations made. be carried out by of ROW to be undertaken by Forest Department on behalf All other costs respective government of CGRRDA are included bodies at cost to be • Re-plantation at rate of 3 for every tree removed is to be under project reimbursed by project, commenced just after disturbance due to construction is cost. implementing agency. stopped and NOT after completion of project. Environmental officer • The species shall be endemic and very similar to the trees, under the PIC will which have been removed unless they are inappropriate for coordinate and ensure valid reasons. implementation. • List of species for both roadside and median and may be To increase survival finalized in consultation with Forest Department, Govt. of rate of new saplings, a Chhattisgarh core Tree Management • Small temples, shrines particularly those which are beneath Committee is to be

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization trees & often are worship places are to be transplanted to created to (TMC) adjacent areas outside ROW in close consultation with ensure complete local community leaders. If required, the Department of retrieval of vegetative Archeology, Govt. of Chhattisgarh may be consulted to cover and timely transplant such structures on cost basis and such services replacement of perished could be utilized if found warranted. plantations. The TMC is • During ROW clearing operations, any treasure trove, slabs to be represented by with epigraphical evidence or edicts, sculptural or any project implementation material are found and appear to have historical Unit (PIU) of CGRRDA, importance, it should be brought to the notice of officials of Forest Department of Archeology, Govt. of Chhattisgarh Department, Contractor • All public utilities like power transmission cables, telephone and local NGOs and cables, water/sewerage lines, drains, tube wells, Hand coordinated by Pumps etc falling within ROW to be relocated to services Environmental officer of corridor within ROW or outside as the case may. Public PIC for specific utilities will be generally shifted by respective agencies like package. Electricity board, telecom dept., public health dept. etc and all such costs are to be reimbursed from project cost. Forest Areas (In case • In case, the road construction requires diversion of forest All through the Pre construction Necessary Project Design applicable) land for non forest uses i.e. project development, The alignment of rural phase cost provisions Consultant/PIU / TSC, extent of forest area to be diverted and other roads has been Forest Department documentation as per the guidelines is to be submitted to made Forest department for seeking forest clearances and costs Environmental Officer for afforestation is to be deposited with Forest department. under the PIC will The costs to cover for maintenance and upkeep to plants coordinate and ensure for at least three years include replanting of perished ones. implementation This situation is very likely in fourth batch of roads. • As a compensatory measure, plantation is to be undertaken in degraded forests to the extent of TWICE the area to be diverted as per the norms stipulated by Government of India/State Government. • The compensatory afforestation shall be undertaken by Chhattisgarh Forest Department/ Panchyat bodies in accordance with the provisions of State Forest Act and the guidelines from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. • Afforestation will be carried out in degraded forests as

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization close as to forest area, which has been diverted. The selection of species, timing and extent and implementation schedule shall be decided by Forest department. • Through this, twice the extent of forestland diverted will be compensated by afforestation. More often compensatory afforestation is carried for diversion of forest areas, which is practically have no vegetative cover and thus development projects also contribute to increase in green cover. Diversion of traffic • Appropriate traffic diversion schemes shall be implemented All through the Construction Borne by Diversion schemes shall so as to avoid inconvenience due to project operations to alignment of rural Phase Contractor be prepared by present road users, particularly during nighttime. roads (in specific Contractor and • Proper diversion schemes will ensure smooth traffic flow stretches as per approved by PIC/PIU/ minimizes accidents, traffic snarl ups, and commotion. progress of • The diversion signs should be bold and clearly visible construction work) particularly at night. Construction Camp Sites • The construction campsites shall be away from any local As determined by Pre construction Borne by All facilities are to human settlements and preferably located on lands, which contractor under & Construction contractor planned and are not productive barren/waste lands presently. The approval of PIC/PIU/ Phase implemented by camps shall have adequate water supply, sanitation and all TSC contractor under requisite infrastructure facilities. This would minimize approval by PIC/PIU/ dependence of construction personnel on outside TSC resources, presently being used by local populace and minimize undesirable social friction thereof. Environmental officer • The camps shall be located at a minimum 1 km from forest and other team land/areas to deter the construction labor in trespassing. members of PIC will • The camps shall have septic tank/soak pit of adequate monitor and ensure capacity so that it can function properly for the entire appropriate duration of its use. implementation

• All construction camps shall have rationing facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided completely to the extent possible. • The construction camps shall have health care facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided completely to the extent possible.

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization • The camps shall have septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that it can function properly for the entire duration of its use. • All construction camps shall have rationing facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided to the extent possible. • The construction camps shall have health care facilities for adults, pregnant women and children. • All construction personnel shall be subjected to routine vaccinations and other preventive/healthcare measures. • The construction camps shall have in house community/common entertainment facilities. Dependence of local entertainment outlets by construction camps should be discouraged /prohibited to the extent possible. Haul roads • Existing tracks / roads are to be used for hauling of As determined by Construction Borne by The planning, design materials to extent possible. contractor under Phase Contractor and construction/up • The alignment of haul roads (in case of new ones approval of PIC / PIU/ gradation of roads to be transportation link shall be finalized to avoid agricultural TSC used as haulage roads lands to the extent possible. In unavoidable circumstances, are responsibilities of suitable compensation may be paid to people whose land contractor under will be temporarily acquired for the duration of operations. approval of PIC / PIU The compensation shall cover for loss of income for the duration of acquisition and land restoration. Environmental officer • Prior to construction of roads, topsoil shall be preserved or and team members of at least shall be used for any other useful purposes like PIC will monitor and using in turfing of embankment rather than allowing its loss ensure appropriate by construction activities. implementation • Water tankers with suitable sprinkling system are to be Environmental officer deployed along haul roads. Water may be sprinkled for at will coordinate with the least 3 times per day all along the route to suppress the villagers to ensure that airborne dust due to the vehicular movement particularly on their interests are unpaved roads. protected and no social • The vehicles deployed for material transportation shall be resentment sets in. spillage proof to avoid or minimize the spillage of the material during transportation. In any case, the transportation links are to be inspected at least twice daily to clear accidental spillage, if any.

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization • The borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals. Quarries • Material, particularly aggregates shall be sourced only from As determined by Construction Borne by The selection of licensed quarries. contractor under Phase Contractor quarries and material • A list of such quarries is available from Department of approval of PIC / PIU selection will be mines & Geology, Govt. of Chhattisgarh contractor responsibility • All such quarries shall have occupational safety under approval of PIC procedures/practices in place and regular inspection shall /PIU be carried to ensure compliance. Environmental officer • Large material drawls should not be a cause for neglect of and team members of safety procedures which is otherwise common. PIC will monitor and ensure appropriate implementation of mitigation actions. Work sites • All personnel in work sites shall have protective gears like As determined by Construction Borne by Planning and impleme- helmets, boots etc. so that injuries to personnel are contractor under Phase Contractor ntation of all facilities minimized. approval of PIC /PIU by contractor under • Children and pregnant women shall not be allowed to work PIC/PIU approval under any circumstances. • No personnel shall be allowed to work at site for more than Environmental officer 10 hours per day (8 hour makes one work shift). Personnel and team members of who are likely to exposed to noise levels beyond stipulated PIC will monitor and limits shall be provided with protective gears like ear plugs ensure appropriate etc and regularly rotated. implementation. • Regular water sprinkling of water shall be ensured so that dust levels are kept to minimum. Construction Equipment • All equipment / vehicles deployed for construction activities As determined by Construction Borne by Contractor is Vehicles shall be regularly maintained and not older than 5 years. contractor under Phase Contractor responsible for ensuring • Vehicles/equipment shall be regularly subjected for approval of PIC /PIU provision of facilities emission tests and shall have valid POLLUTION UNDER under approval by PIC / CONTROL certificates. Revalidation of certificates shall be PIU done once in a month. • All vehicles deployed for material movement shall be spill Environmental officer proof to the extent possible. and other team • In any case all material movement routes shall be members of PIC will inspected daily twice to clear off any accidental spills. monitor and ensure

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization appropriate implementation Environmental officer will regularly interact with the local people who are likely to be affected to ensure that their interests are protected and no social resentment sets in. Water resources & Drainage • The rural road construction will also require construction of At all locations of CD Construction To be borne by The planning, and channels several cross drainage structures, minor and major bridges structures along the Phase contractor construction / up to facilitate development in accordance with design rural roads gradation of requirements and standards. existing/new cross • ALL water bodies across roads are non-perennial and drain drainage structures storm water only for few weeks during monsoon season. roads are • Impacts arising out of construction of drainage structures is responsibilities of not likely to impact drainage pattern since under the road contractor under design, pattern of flow and discharge capacities of all approval by PIC /PIU/ drainage structures are reviewed and designed to negate TSC any heading up or flooding problems. • Impacts on water quality are not significant or either negligible since construction activities to be scheduled to Environmental officer complete during dry months of year. and other team • Adequate precaution is to be taken to prevent members of PIC will oil/lubricant/hydrocarbon contamination of channel beds. monitor and ensure Spillage if any shall be immediately cleared with utmost appropriate caution to leave no traces. implementation • Channel beds are to be cleaned up (50 m u/s & 50 m d/s sides of water courses) and restored to its previous state after completion of construction but prior to onset of monsoon. Borrow areas • Borrow areas identified / suggested during project As determined by Construction To be borne by Sourcing of borrowing preparation are to be investigated for presence of contractor under Phase Contractor materials and all related ecologically sensitive areas if any and cleared thereof. approval of PIC / PIU activities like planning & • Within these locations, the actual extent of area/zones to deployment of the most be excavated areas is to be demarcated with signboards. optimum, number of

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization All such operational areas are to be access controlled vehicles without particularly for locals and for grazing cattle. disregarding the • Through this project, the borrow areas / pits may be existing users in case of converted into surface / ponds wherever possible, as a existing linkages and derivative of development. Some of the ponds could serve construction / as source of water for agriculture, a practice prevalent in upgradation of existing / Chhattisgarh new haulage roads • The top soil recovered from newly acquired land areas for under approval by PIC road construction is preserved and used for turfing of /PIU. embankment(s) Environmental officer • As per the current regulations, use of fly ash is mandatory and other team for all construction works within a radius of 100 km from members of PIC will any thermal power plant. So far no fly ash utilization monitor and ensure planned. In this Batch IV at least a pilot project may be appropriate taken up in Korba District. implementation Air Quality • All operational areas under the road construction works are All operational areas Construction Necessary Contractor is to be regularly monitored (atleast ONCE in a season) for air as determined by PIC phase cost provisions responsible for ensuring quality parameters such as SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, CO etc. /PIU have been a occupationally healthy • This will ensure identification of operations/areas of made environment for all concern with regard to air pollution. Operational areas personnel irrespective include, work sites, haulage roads, hot mix plants, quarries, of category under borrow sites, human settlement etc. mitigation measures approval of PIC /PIU such water sprinkling for dust suppression, permitting Environmental officer construction equipment/vehicles having POLLUTION and other team UNDER CONTROL certificates will reduce work area members of PIC will concentration of air pollutants like RPM, SO2, NOx, CO monitor and ensure etc. does not exceed permissible limits and therefore does appropriate not contribute to build up of pollutants implementation Environmental officer shall requisition services of private / governmental agencies for undertaking periodic environmental monitoring if necessary to ensure compliance of contractor in this regard.

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization Soil erosion and conservation • Along rural roads the widening activities will raise, extend At all sections of road Construction Forms part of Erosion and enlarge existing roadway / tracks all along the construction involving phase project cost Control/embankment alignment therefore mitigation measures to contain erosion embankment section. protection measures in and drainage problems are essential along ROW accordance with the • Measures to ensure embankment stabilization including DPR and/or as selection of less erodable material, good compaction, re- governed by local site vegetation, placement of gabions or any suitable measures conditions shall be around bridges and culverts etc. (in case required) are prepared by contractor included in technical specification and contract documents. under approval of PIC The engineering measures for countering soil erosion, /PIU slope protection, drainage wherever required considered for project highway and detailed project report. Environmental officer • Many of impacts on soil due to road construction can be and other team significantly mitigated by some of the following measures members of PIC will a) Minimizing area of ground clearance only to the extent monitor and ensure required. appropriate b) Balancing the filling and cutting of earth to the extent implementation. possible. c) Avoiding creation of cut slopes and embankment which Environmental officer are of an angle greater than natural angle of repose for may consult with the locally available soil type. regional forest officers d) Replanting disturbed area(s) immediately after of Forest Department, disturbance due to construction has stopped and NOT Govt. of Chhattisgarh in after construction has been completed. selecting endemic species, which also can serve engineering functions. Archeological • Strict adherence of Mitigation measures such as controlled All through the Pre construction To be borne by Contractor is monuments/ruins/religious movement of men and material particularly heavy alignment of rural and contractor responsible for ensuring structures/temples vehicles/construction equipment, avoiding/minimizing road construction a noise/vibration free activities which produce vibrations, use of vibration phase environment especially dampers ;if vibrations are unavoidable, prohibiting in such stretches. unauthorized movement of construction personnel / labour Appropriate measures near ruins etc. are to be enforced to prevent any damage to as stipulated in DPR temple environs due to project development. and / or governed by • All construction activities of rural roads are to be carried out local site conditions are with utmost care. In case any slabs with epigraphical to be implemented by

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization evidence or edicts, sculptural, historical remains or any contractor under other materials pertaining to archeological / historical approval of PIC / PIU importance, Department of Archeology, Govt. of Chhattisgarh should be immediately informed and all Environmental officer activities in and around such stretches site is cleared by and other team Department of Archeology. members of PIC will • Any coins, artifacts or any other chance find will be notified monitor and ensure by the contractor. The work will be stopped and instruction appropriate will be taken from archeological department. implementation. • Number of small temples / and idols falling within ROW are to be transplanted / relocated to suitable places acceptable to local community. Interactions with local community leaders are to be initiated well in advance and necessary measures required for relocation of structures to complete satisfaction of local community. Governmental agencies such as Department of Archeology, Government of Chhattisgarh will also be contacted in case assistance required. Hot Mix Plants • Hot mix plants shall be at least 500 m away from any As determined by Construction To be borne by Contractor is human settlements and preferably located on leeward side. contractor under phase contractor responsible for ensuring • Hot mix plants / sites shall be located on barren / approval of PIC /PIU a occupationally healthy uncultivable lands. Diversion of cultivable/agricultural lands, and hazard free even preferred by local people for economic gain shall not environment for all be allowed unless otherwise warranted by specific local personnel irrespective conditions. of category and also for communities in and around operational areas under approval of PIC /PIU. Environmental officer and other team members of PIC will monitor and ensure appropriate implementation. Environmental officer shall requisition

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization services of private /Governmental agencies for undertaking periodic environmental monitoring if necessary to ensure compliance of contractor in this regard. Loss of Fertile soil • Clearing operations within ROW and at all places of All through the ROW Pre construction To be borne by Contractor is operational areas like borrow areas, work areas, labour of roads and at and contractor responsible for ensuring camps, construction of new/ up gradation of existing to new Borrow areas construction a proper utilization of haulage roads, hot mix plants, storage areas etc. shall phase fertile soil under consider preservation of fertile soil. approval of PIC /PIU • As a first option, topsoil should be restored to its initial Environmental officer place after the specific activity is completed for which the shall requisition area was vacated, or for enriching some other place like services of private / embankment slopes for turfing/erosion protective measure. governmental agencies The topsoil can also be used for supporting re-plantation for undertaking periodic activities within ROW/median. monitoring if necessary to ensure compliance of contractor in this regard. Accidental risks from blasting • All hazardous operations like blasting, deep excavations All selected stretches Construction Forms part of Contractor is along road way and in quarries shall be access controlled for nearby local people/ of alignment / ROW phase project cost responsible for ensuring onlookers. where rocks are To be borne by a occupationally healthy • Adequate caution regarding blasting shall be notified for encountered, contractor and hazard free people living by if any well in advance. (anticipated rarely) environment for all • The blasting operations if required shall be carried out in personnel irrespective lean traffic hours with adequate precautionary signs for of category and also for existing traffic particularly for slow moving traffic to prevent communities in and any accidents / injuries due to operations. around all operational areas under approval of PIC /PIU Environmental officer and other team members of PIU will monitor and ensure appropriate

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Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cost Implementing / Action/Environmental Responsible Attributes Organization implementation Location of campsites, storage • The location of campsites, storage depots shall preferably As determined by Construction To be borne by Contractor is depots on unproductive/barren lands, away from forest areas contractor under Phase Contractor responsible for ensuring (minimum 1 km). approval of PIC /PIU suggested actions • Use of agricultural/ cultivable lands shall not be allowed under approval of PIIC/ under any circumstances. PIU • All fuel loading, unloading, storage areas shall be spill Environmental Officer proof, leakage proof and carried out on paved areas. and other team • The sites shall have suitable system to drain storm water, members of PIC will sanitary facilities and shall not contaminate any near by monitor and ensure water courses / drains. appropriate • The site shall also have a system for handling any implementation emergency situation like fire, explosion etc. Storage of hazardous materials • All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials shall As determined by Construction To be borne by Contractor is be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to contractor under Phase Contractor responsible for ensuring combat emergency situations. approval of PIC /PIU a occupationally healthy • The personnel in charge of such areas shall be properly and hazard free trained, licensed and with sufficient experience. environment for all • The areas shall be access controlled and entry shall be personnel irrespective allowed only under authorization. of category and also for communities in and around all operational areas under approval of PIC /PIU

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Appendix V

Environmental Monitoring Control Matrix – Construction Phase

S. Environmental Mitigation measures (for detail Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / description refer to EMAP Appendix 3) Project Actions Daily Weekly Quarterly Monthly 1 Setting out and Archeological evidence / idols / tombs if clearing ROW noticed /found –inform Archeological 3 Department 2 Relocation of Ensure complete restoration without Utilities impacting existing users 3 3 Traffic Diversions & Diversions to be smooth sign boards in Sign Boards place, clear & bold particularly in night & 3 cause least inconvenience to road users 4 Borrow Areas Seek prior approval from local environmental regulatory agencies and 3 3 compliance at all stages of operations. After borrowing ensure re-vegetation, drainage, erosion protection as per EMAP 5 Quarries Compliance of local environmental regulations in project specific quarries and 3 at all stages of operations 6 Haul roads Avoid agricultural lands, finalization of compensation for land owners, regular 3 inspection to check inconvenience to locals, spillage, dust levels /watering frequency, noise level. Restoration after ;operations with wearing course and handing over road to local community 7 Work sites Comply with local Environmental regulations for air quality, noise, 3 occupational hazard & safety procedures at all stages work 8 Ground water level Bore wells shall be away form human in and around settlements determine sustainable yield 3 construction tube restrict withdrawal of water within yield wells recommended for region. Monitor depth of water below ground level in wells in and around construction tube wells before start and after completion of water withdrawal for the day 9 Construction Ensure vehicles are regularly maintained Equipment / have pollution under control certificates 3 3 Vehicles revalidated every month

10 Air quality at all Record SPM, RPM, CO, HC, Nox, SO2 operational areas levels for 24 hourly in 8 hr. shifts as per 3 3 under project methods / procedures recommended by CPCB/SPCB 11 Noise at all Record noise levels at every 5 minutes for 3 operational areas 24 hours (both day time & night time) 12 Vibration near Restricted movement of work force, temples, Mosque & equipment and activities. Also record 3 3 any other similar vibration levels during a typical working religious structure shift from a specialized agency before the start, during and after completion of operations 13 Top soil from land Preserve and restore the topsoil. If can not clearing operations be used for restoration, divert for other

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

S. Environmental Mitigation measures (for detail Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / description refer to EMAP Appendix 3) Project Actions Daily Weekly Quarterly Monthly applications like re-vegetation, As and when the situation arises embankment turfing and alike 14 Hot Mix Plants Located at least 500 m from settlements, barren land and not agricultural lands. 3 3 Monitor air quality, waste discharge and noise levels regularly as mentioned under Sl. No. 10, 11 above. Ensure all operations comply with local environmental regulations 15 POL (liquid and POL storage areas have impervious lining, solid waste) / containment ditches, oil & grease traps as 3 3 Hazardous Storage per EMAP. Regular inspection & Areas maintenance. Comply all local environmental regulations 16 Soil erosion and Borrow areas shall have gentle slopes conservation connected to near by natural water 3 bodies, re-vegetated 17 Channel / River Ensure most activities are scheduled for beds dry months reshaping of channel bed after 3 completion of construction 18 Archeological Archeological evidence / idols /tombs if monuments /ruins / noticed / found-inform Archeological religious structures Department. Temples within ROW are / temples relocated in consultation with community As and when the situation arises leaders. Coordinate with Social team. 19 Water Supply Adequate water supply as per norms Sanitation & Health septic tanks and soak away pits. 3 at camp sites Kerosene and LPG supply, health care facilities vaccination for work force camps 20 Construction of Consult affected parties like hospitals, Noise Barriers educational institutions for eliciting opinion As and when the situation arises during constructing barriers

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Chhattisgarh: Initial Environmental Examination Report – Batch IV Roads

Appendix VI

Persons/PIUs/PRIs Consulted During Field Visit

District Name Designation Contact Number Mr. P C Pandey Chief Executive Office 9926153204 Mr. M L Haldkar Chief Engineer 9425206741 Mr. Ram Sagar Executive Engineer 9424141450 Mr. Hiradhar Patel Executive Engineer 9826500905 Raipur Mr. S K Tandon AE Mr. M Despande AE Mr. S K Jadhav Executive Engineer 9425535158 Mr. Harischandra Villager Mr. Narayan Prasad Villager Mr. U P Tiwari Executive Engineer 9425256454 Bilaspur Mr. Jai Narayan Villager Mr. S N Pathak Executive Engineer 9826193728 Mr. G Rajput AE Mr. S Devangan AE Mr. S D Sharma AE Korba Mr. Babulal Villager. AP Mr. Itwar Singh Villager. AP Mr. Lakhanpal Singh Pancha Mr. Bhuban Singh Villager, Ratkhandi Mr. A K Singh Executive Engineer 9425075378 Mr. S Upadhyay AE Durg Mr. G R Sahu AE 9424114213 Mr. Galuram Villager (Teacher) Mr. Hari Singh Sorey Panch (Keshopur) Mr.A K Sai Executive Engineer 9425290994 Mr. R R Chauhan AE Raigarh Mr. B K Bahidar AE Mr. Sadhuram Villager, AP Mr. Arjun Singh Villager Mr. S K Gupta Executive Engineer 9826877140 Mr. Rajesh Ramniwas SAE 9424237261 Mahasamund Mr. Ram Singh Villager Mr. Santosh Kumar Villager Mr. Nakul Subudhhi Villager

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