DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT BALOD (Chhattisgarh) AS PER NOTIFICATION NO

2016

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT BALOD (Chhattisgarh) AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 141(E) NEW DELHI, 15TH JANUARY, 2016 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING MINERAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Govt. of Chhattisgarh

DGM [Type the company name] 04/06/2016 1

Note: The information provided in this report has been prepared from the existing and latest data collected from the concerned authorities. Although utmost care has been taken during editing and printing, still there may be some minor corrections for which the Directorate of Geology & Mining, Regional office Raipur Sonakhan Bhawan, cannot be held responsible. The queries in this regard are most welcome by the concerned office.

LOCATION MAP

1- INTRODUCTION The Balod district is one of the densely populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh State covers an area of 3527 sq km. It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos. 64C, 64D, 64G and 64H bounded by latitude 20°23' to 21°03' N and longitude 80°48' to 81°30 E. It is surrounded by Durg districts in the north, Rajnandgaon District in the west, Dhamtari districts in the east and Kanker district in the south.

Balod is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway. National Highway No. 43 and connects Balod with Dhamtari. Balod is also connected by road with Dalli Rajhara, Patan, Dhamtari, Rajnandgaon and Durg with the other important towns in the district.

Acording to Notification of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Ministry, Goverment of India dated15 January 2016, as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and Annexure (x).District Survey Report has been prepared.

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River bed mining and other small minerals mining. The main purpose of preparation of district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its infrastructure, Structure and installation distance from where the mining is prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for replenishment after mining.

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of rivers, Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining and revenue of minerals.

This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportation climate etc.

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project and environment clearance of mining activity in the district.

2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District

Balod District is important district for Iron Ore deposite in Chhattisgarh.The Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestone,Flagstone, Laterite, Sandstone, Quartzite and Quartz. sand are also found in huge quantity, in river and nala flowing in district Semariya, Nandani-Khundani, Pathariya, Deurjhal, Matra-Gota, Achholi, Hiretara and Nawapara. No. of Mining Leases have been given in for cement grade limestone ACC jamul, JK Laxmi cement plant and Bhilai Steel plant are main consumer for this limestone. Total 45 Mining Leases are given in the district.Despite those 74 Quarry Leases for limestone has given for road and building material in different villages of Patan and Dhamdha tehsil district Durg. other Major Leases for soil for making bricks in kiln at villages Kumhari, Basni, Akola, Piparchedhi, Belodi, Bhedhsar, Achhoti, Nankatti, Aalbaras, Changori, Ghughua, etc. In all total 63 Leases are given for soil in the district for brick making in kiln.

Out of 31 newely declared minor minerals, leas for 8 have been granted for quartz, quartzite.

78 Ret Ghat for sand mining on the bank of Shivnath, Kharun and Tandula rivers have been leased out at different villages for sand mining. 2 Mining Leases for runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and Karhidih village.

Approximately 376.53 lakh Rupees royalty is earned from all minerals in the district, out of which 260.0 lakh from major and 116.51 from minor minerals.

State Government, is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all district , like Pachri Nirman, Dams, Over bridge Anicut on rivers/nala, approach roads etc. , all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge quantity in the district.

3. List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location, area and period of validity lwph%& ™d´ [kfut[kfut@ykSg@ykSg v;Ld iV~Vks dh lwph

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4. Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

S.No. Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1 Irone Ore 2662454652 3605729848 2187909148

Total - 2662454652 3605729848 2187909148

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Minor Minerals Minor Minerals

S.No. Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614 2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557 3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100 4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000 5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

5. Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

™v™v™v´ ™v´´´Details of Production & Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

OrdiOrdinarynary Sand

S.No. Financial year Royalty Received in Rs.

1 2013-14 4601700

2 2014-15 5015460

3 2015-16 2942500

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OrdOrdiiiinarynary Sand

S.No. Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

6. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation:- What is erosion? Erosion is natural process, wathering, corrosion, or abrasion can reduce a material into smaller particles. Normally, these smaller units are relocated by water, wing, ice, or man. Erosion removes tosoil, organic material, and other valuable resources.

What is sedimentation? Once a material is broken free of the larger mass, it can be carried away and deposited elsewhere. This process of depositing eroded material is known as sedimentation. Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes, mud in the street around drains, and decreased water holding capacity of stream, reservoir, or pond.

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation? Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other pollutant. Deposits of sediments in ditches, streams, and rivers reduce their capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and increased property damage. Accumulations of sediment may result in severe damage to storm drain systers. Many millions of dollars are spent each year to dredge our state waterways, to remove sediments from storm drain systerms, reseroirs, and water treatment plants, and to repair flood damage.

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality. Areas needed for

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and gravel streambed. Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities. The result is a reduction in the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life. This impact ofter can see for many miles downstream.

Process- Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow. Erosion Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports until it deposits its load. A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the river’s course, discussed in more detail here but essentially, in the upper stage of the river’s course (close to the source of the river) there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion. In the middle and lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place. There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next type of erosion is corrasion. This is where the river’s load acts almost like sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is

turbulent. Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of rocks. Water, being ever so slightly acidic, will react with certain rocks and dissolve them. Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise, it doesn’t have much of an effect. Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion. Air bubbles trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s banks. These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened to the point at which it falls apart. The final type of erosion is attrition. Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load. Transportation when a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the load. There are a few different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the river has and how big the load is. The largest of particles such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way. Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation. This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported by suspension. Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk, can be transported in

solution. Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific point in its course is called the river’s capacity. The biggest sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s competence. Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced to deposit its load. There are several reasons why a river could lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy. As rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material. This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited. This is called a point bar or slip off slope Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a

meander will change over a period of time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current, called the thalweg, will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks. Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood. Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans, alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.

7. General Profile of the District

Balod is a town in bank of river Tandula and also nagar palika in Balod district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. Balod is 44 km from Dhamtari and 58 km from Durg. Balod has one college, one court, one CHC (Community Health Center), and a jail. Medical facilities are good in Balod. There are two Dams nearby Tandula and Aadmabaad built on rivers Sukha and tandula in 1913. On January 1,2012 it was notified as Civil District though revenue district was declared from January 10,2012. Balod became the 29th district of Chhattishgarh.There are several religious temples nearby town, particularly Ganga Maiyya temple and Siyadevi temple hold great religious value for the townsfolk. dzekad

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GEOHYDROLOGY MAP Communication :-

Road :- state highway network from Balod district connects Durg, Dhamtari, Rajnandgaon, Dallirajhara, Doundi, Doundilohara, Pakhanjore, Kanker, Kondagaon & Jagdalpur cities. It is 44 km from Dhamtari and 58 km from Durg & 56km from Rajnandgaon. Rail :- South Central East Railway (SCER) Connected with Rail section line from Raipur & Durg cities.

8. Land Utilition Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining etc.

(i)Types of Soil:-

Name of Block Red Soil (Bhata) Sandy loams Dorsa (Alfisols) Black (Kanhar) Total Entisols (Matasi) Inceptisols vertisols Area

Area % Area % Area % Area %

Doundi 4381 12.70 8022 23.26 8925 25.88 13157 38.15 34485 Lohara Gunderdehi 5840 9.98 27143 46.38 14122 24.13 11420 19.51 58525 Balod 7670 14.25 10360 19.24 15626 29.02 20183 37.49 53839 Gurur Doundi Total 17891 12.30 45525 29.63 38673 26.35 44760 31.72 146849

(ii)Types of Forest:-

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(iii)Details of Horticulture:- S. No. Particular Details Area in Hectare 1 Geographical Area of the District 352700 Hect. 2 Forest Area 24851 Hect. 3 Total Kast Land Area 176228 Hect. 4 Land Covered by Gardening Crops 15373 Hect. 5 Land Covered by Fruit Plants 2934 Hect. 6 Land Covered by Vegetables Crop 10602 Hect. 7 Land Covered by Masala 1535 Hect. 8 Land Covered by Flowers 185 Hect. 9 Land Covered by Medicinal & Sented Plants 117 Hect. 10 Percentage of Gardening Crops 8.72%

(iv)Details of Agriculture:- S. No. Particular Details Area in Hectare 1 Geographical Area of the District 352700 Hect. 2 Forest Area 24851 Hect. 3 Non-Agricultural Land 183699 Hect. 4 Duel Crop Area 97824 Hect. 5 Total Kast Land Area 281523 Hect. 6 Kharif Crop Area 178603 Hect. 7 Ravi Crop Area 73008 Hect. 8 Area of Jayad 1200 Hect. 9 Total Crop Area 252811 Hect. 10 Density 138%

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey:-

Climate:- Climate of the district is of tropical type. Summer is a little bit hotter. Rise of temperature begins from the month of March to May. May is hottest amongst other. Balod District's annual average rainfall is 1052 MM. During the year, most rainfall occurs during the monsoon month June to September. July is the month of highest rainfall.

9. Physiography of the District Physiographically the area in Balod District having Southern peripheral undulating terrain of low hills. The general slope of the district is towards the north - east in which direction the major streams of the district flow.

GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP

10. Rainfall of District Balod Year wise

11. Geology and Mineral Wealth GEOTECHNICAL MAP

Geology:- Geologically, the district comprises of rocks of Archaean basement of Meso to neo-Proterozoic ages. The oldest rocks belong to Archaean and mainly comprise the basement granite gneiss with metasedimentary and metaigneous enclaves belonging to the Bengpal Group. The overlying bailadila Group includes banded iron formation, shale and phylite belonging to Archaean-lower Proterozoic age. It is uncomfortably overlain by the rocks of the nandgaon Group belonging to the palaeo- Proterozoic age comprising rhyolite, rhylitic tuffs, basic pyroclastics, basalt, dolerite and gabbro etc. The Meso-to Neo- Proterozoic sequence is represented by the Chhattisgarh Supergroup, Raipur Group comprises Charmuria formation, Gunderdehi formation, Chandi formation, Tarenga formation, Hirri formation and Maniari formation. Charmuria formation mainly comprises grey bedded, limestone with minor phosphatic clay bands. Gunderdehi formation consists of purple to reddish brown calcareous shale. Quatrenary is represented by pebble beds, (Khamaria pebble bed).

The granite gneiss show well developed banding with light colour minerals and dark colour minerals oriented parallelly. The banded iron formation of bailadila group form ridges in the southern part of the district. These show curvilinear pattern with beds trending E-W to NE-SW with northerly and southwesterly dips of 40° to 80°, the rocks of the Chhattisgarh Group show sub-horizontal dips. The Chandrapur group show dips varying from 5° to 15° towards north. The overlying formations are nearly flat dipping.

Stratiatigraphy Succession of Balod district

Lithology Formationtion/Bed Group Supergroup Age Nature and Characteristic Purple to grey, fine Stromatolite Limestone Chandi FormFormation grained, hard and compact, calcareous rock showing stromatilitic structure Purple to white, fine grained, friable Purple calcareous shale Gunderdehihi FormationFo Raipur Group Chhattisgarh Neo to Meso calcareous with Supergroup Proterozoic intercalations of stromalitic limestone Dark grey, hard Grey bedded/Flaggy Charmuriaa FormationFo compact flaggy/ we limestone bedded, calcareous rock, pyritiferous at place, with Grey to yellowish, medium grained, Sandstone with shale & compact, siltstone, inter- Chandarpur Group glaucreonitic, peblly calations and at place (viz, conglomerete conglomerate, arenite). Shale is fine grained, Basic pyroclastics Dark grey, medium to basalt, dolorite and course grained, babbro massive, hard, basic Nandgaon Group Palaeo rock (Kotri Group) Proterozoic Pinkish, light grey, fine Ryolite, porphyritic grained, massive add acid pyroclastics, volcanic rock basalt, dolorite and gabbro Hard, compact, Banded hematite Palaeo Banded Iron quartzite, ferruginouse Bailadila Group Proterozoic to Formation (BIF). Archean Shale/phylite is fine grained, soft rock, at place ferruginous Hard, compact, Quartz vein, silified Basement Gneissic Banded Iron zone Comlez (Bengpal Formation (BIF). Group) Shale/phylite is fine grained, soft rock, at place ferruginous Granite gnisses with Basement Gneissic Archean enclaves of quartzite, Comlez (Bengpal quartz-mica schist and Group) amphibolite

Mineral:-

Mineral deposit of Balod district include Iron Ore, Flagstone, Sandstone, Quartzite, Laterite sand and Soil etc.

Low grade limestone occurs as flagstone in Gunderdehi block of Balod district.

Brick Earth (clay for brick making) are available in village's different part of the district.

Sands is mostly available in Bank of Tandula and Kharun river. Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different village of Balod district.

Additional information of the district

Drainage System:- Tandula This river originates from hills situated in the north of Bhanupratappur (District- Kanker). After covering a distance of 34 km this river joins Sukhanala. This river joins Sheonath river in the south-west of Durg at a distance of approximately 13 km at gram Changori. The total length of this river is 96.6 km. A dam was constructed during the period 1905 to 1921 at the joining point of Sukhanala and Tandula river.

Kharkhara This river originates from Hils of Dallirajhara (Banjaridih) District Balod. After covering a distance of 55 km this river joins Sheonath river. The total length of this river is 55 km.

Kharun Kharun river flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod District. This river flows towards north and joins (meet) Shivnath River at Somnath near Simga. This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district. The length of this river is about 120 KM.

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Balod This survey report is prepared for District Balod to identify the sustainable mining in the area. In District Balod there are three rivers namely Tandula, Kharkhara and Kharun having length of 70km., 55km and 60km. respectively. All possible sand mining area has been surveyed. The river wise area surveyed and identified for sand mining is given in the annexure. The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for calculation of mineral potential. The mining area will be 10m. away from the river bank and about 10m. Influence as safity barrier from the main streem will be left, where mining operation will be restricted. Hence 10 m. influence area from the main stream has been considered as safity zone or non mining zone. It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular process. Based on the last five year observation, it is experienced that average of 3m. sand is replenished every year.

Area Prohibited for Mining:- The following area will be prohibited for minng. i. No mining activity will be executed 10 m. from the river bank. ii. Mining is prohibited within 10 m. from the flow of the main stream. iii. During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre of the river to avoide erosion of banks. iv. Mining area is restricted up to 500 mts. down stream of any structure like bridge, diversion head work, anicut etc. v. Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not be diverted or obstructed. vi. The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500 meters.

vii. Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction purpose like silt percentage, fineness modulus etc. must be obtained from competent laboratory / authority. viii. Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to maintaines ecobalance.

Details are given bellow:-

S. No. Name of River Ara Drained Sq. K.M. % Area in Balod Dist Total Drained in the District 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tandula River 70 Sq. k.m. 22484 Sq. k.m. 50 % 2 Kharun River 60 Sq. k.m. 2880 Sq. k.m. 30 % 3 Kharkhara River 55 Sq. k.m. 55 Sq. k.m. 100 %

Features of Important Rivers and Streams:-

S. No. Name of the Total Length Place of origin Height of River or Stream in the District origin (in k.m.) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Tandula River 32.00 k.m. Hills Near Bhanupratapur 8 m (Dist-Kanker) 2 Kharun River 31.00 k.m. Kankalin (Petachuwa) 1 m (Dist-Balod) 3 Kharkhara River 38.00 k.m. Hils of Dallirajhara 3 m (Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

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