Terrestrial experiments for the analysis of the effect of oxygen on the surface tension of liquid alloys
July 24, 2014
Joonho Lee Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea University
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Motivation of Thermophysical Property Measurements
Thermophysical Property Simulation High-tech Materials
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Current Status of mG Research for Thermophysical Property Measurements Aerodynamic Levitation Tech. Columbus Inha Univ. -ESA Electrostatic Levitation Tech. KRISS Electromagnetic Levitatin Tech. Measurements & Modeling Electromagnetic Levitation Tech. Korea Univ. DLR, Univ. of Ulm, NPL Measurements & Modeling Electrostatic Levitation Tech. DLR, CNR, NPL, VTT, KTH NASA, Caltech, Tufts Univ.
Electrostatic & Aerodynamic Levitation Tech. JAXA, Gakushuin Univ. Electromagnetic Levitation Tech. Gakushuin Univ., Osaka Univ., Tohoku Univ., etc. Kibo-JAXA Measurements & Modeling Osaka Univ. Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Levitation Techniques
Aerodynamics EML ESL
Levitation technique Aerodynamics Electromagnetic Electrostatic Atmosphere Inert gas Inert gas or Vacuum vacuum (10-7 torr) Materials that can All Metals All be processed Measurable properties of liquid (with undercooling) Specific heat capacity No Microgravity Yes Viscosity No Microgravity Yes Surface tension No Yes Yes Structure Yes Yes Yes Electrical resistivity Yes Yes No Density and thermal No Yes Yes expansion Kelton & Greer, Nucleation in Condensed Matter, 2010 Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Is it safe to use EML as it is?
Copper Silver
Oxygen decreases the surface tension of liquid metals.
J. Lee, T. Tanaka, Y. Asano, S. Hara, Mat. Trans. 45 (2004), 2719-2722. Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension Measurements using EML
S : Silica Gel A : Ascarite 2000 Measured section, T=1915 K, △ t=16 s M : Magnesium Percholate High-speed camera 1900 Pyrometer 1800 Tm
Quartz reflector △ T=86 K 1700
Gas inlet O-ring 1600
M Temperature, T (K) T Temperature, Quartz tube 1500 A 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time, t (s) S Sample
Induction copper coil BFM
MFC Glass holder
Iron rod
H2 He Gas outlet Gas outlet Lifter Vacuum pump
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension Measurements using CDM
Alumina Sample crucible Thermocouple Mirror
He-Ne Laser Digital camera Heating element Gas inlet Vacuum M A S MFC He pump Gas outlet
M A S MFC H2
S : Silica gel, A : Ascarite, M : Magnesium Percholate
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Iron
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Effect of Oxygen on Surface Tension of Liquid Iron
2000 Present work (CDM) Kasama et al. (EML) [8] 1800 Ogino et al. (SDM) [7] Takiuchi et al. (SDM) [9] Nakashima et al. (SDM) [11] (mN/m) Morohoshi et al. (EML) [13] 1600
1400
1200 Surface tension, Surface 1000 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 a o Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Contamination by Ceramic Materials
2.4 Butler's eqn
(N/m) 2.2 Oscillating drop method
Constrained drop method
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4 Surface tension, tension, Surface 1.2 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 Temperature, T (K) Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Copper
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Copper w/ P(O2)
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Copper w/ P(O2)
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Cu-Ag Alloys w/ P(O2)
1400
Cu @ 1390K (Majid et al.) Cu (Lee et al.) Cu - 5a% Ag (Lee et al.) 1300 Cu - 10a% Ag (Lee et al.) Cu - 20a% Ag (Lee et al.) Cu - 60a% Ag @ 1376K (Present work) Ag (Lee et al.)
/ mN/m / 1200
1100
1000
900
800 Surface tension, Surfacetension, -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 log Po / atm 2 Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Surface Tension of Liquid Sn-Cu Eutectic Alloy w/ P(O2)
550 Taimatsu et al. @ 1073 K Taimatsu et al. @ 1273 K Lee et al. @ 1253 K 525 Yuan et al.@ 1023 K Yuan et al. @ 923 K Yuan et al. @ 823 K Yuan et al. @ 723 K
/ mN/m / Yuan et al. @ 623 K
Yuan et al. @ 523 K 500 Present work @ 1282 K
475
450
425
Surface tension, Surfacetension, -21 -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 log Po / atm 2 Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Concluding Remarks
Oxygen shows a strong effect on the surface tension of liquid metals and alloys.
At high oxygen partial pressures, equilibrium oxygen partial pressure can be achieved after a relatively long period of time.
Suitable reference data for EML measurements in the space is required.
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Space Core Technology Development Program through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012M1A3A3A02033446)
Lab for Eco-Metallurgy Thank you for your kind attentions!
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Lab for Eco-Metallurgy