The Drug Free Schools and Communities Act (DCFSCA) requires all institutions of higher education that receive federal funds to conduct a Biennial Review of all alcohol and other drug prevention efforts. The Biennial Review is expected to include an evaluation of alcohol and other drug prevention efforts; recommendations for improvement based on that evaluation; and a report on the number of violations to alcohol and other drug standards of conduct, the number of disciplinary sanctions assigned as a result of violations, and the number of alcohol and other drug fatalities.

On January 26, 2017, a DFSCA Task Force was established at Radford in order to conduct the Biennial Review. The last recorded Biennial Review completed at Radford University was in 2006. Though this report was completed in 2018, it represents the reporting period from Academic Year 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, and the reporting period from Academic Year 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.

DFSCA Task Force Membership consisted of the following:  Ms. Angela Mitchell, Dean of Students, Chair  Dr. Susan Trageser, Vice President for Student Affairs  Ms. Julie Dill, Assistant Director of Substance Abuse and Violence Education Support services (SAVES)  Mr. David Stuart, Director of Student Standards and Conduct  Ms. Theresa Slaughter, Associate Director Human Resources  Ms. Jenene Lewis, Employee Relations Specialist  Mr. Bill Shorter, Director of University Policy Compliance  Lt. Scott Shaffer, Radford University Police Department  Mr. William Beverly, Clery Coordinator The committee continued to meet through November 29, 2018. This document is a culmination of the findings, discussions, and recommendations of the DFSCA Task Force. Where possible, the DFSCA Task Force has identified the responsible parties for the undertaking these recommendations. Where otherwise indicated, the responsibility is assigned to the Director of Student Counseling Services and SAVES and the Assistant Director of SAVES.

pg. 1 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention SUMMARY OF BIENNIAL REVEW FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

FOCUS AREA FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS Alcohol and Other  Inconsistent and sporadic  Prioritize annual, Drug Assessment data collection schedule population-level  Assessment not a priority of assessment prevention efforts  Structure prevention efforts using ongoing assessments Alcohol and Other  No measurement  Utilize evidence based Drug Prevention evaluation/assessment of prevention and Programs and program education programs Services  No learning outcomes Reported Alcohol and  Number of violations varies  Review sanctions and Other Drug by academic year prevention Violations, Sanctions,  Trend of increasing drug use programming efforts and Deaths violations to stay current with national and campus trends  Create and/or revamp prevention programs based on needs of Campus Alcohol and  Drug-Free University Policy  Complete Other Drug currently under development development and Policies/Procedures approval processes for policy  In the interim, post a link on the University Policy and/or Human Resources website to DHRM’s Policy 1.05 – Alcohol and Other Drugs

pg. 2 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention HISTORICAL REVIEW OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG PREVENTION EFFORTS

Assessment of Alcohol and Other Drug Use, Behaviors, and Attitudes Comparative Analysis of Historical Data CORE 2008 CORE NCHA NCHA U-Celebrate! 2010 2013 2016 2018 Alcohol - Annual 91.6% 92% - - - Alcohol – 30 day prevalence 82.8% 84.4% 74.8% 67.2% 57.8% Marijuana - Annual 40% 41.2% - - - Marijuana – 30 day 23.2% 29.2% 28.4% 27.6% - prevalence Driven while intoxicated – 48.4% 28% 17.5% 10.9% - (CORE annual; NCHA 30 day prevalence)

Core Survey (2008, 2010) The Core Alcohol and Drug Survey is offered by Southern Illinois University. The “Short Form” version offers 23 questions and can be completed within 20 minutes. The “Long Form” version offers 30 questions and can be completed within 35 minutes. The 2008 survey included 505 respondents; the 2010 survey included 501 respondents. Raw data is unavailable. The following represents data from the executive summary. ANNUAL PREVALENCE 2008 2010 ALCOHOL 91.6% 92% MARIJUANA 40% 41.2% COCAINE 6.4% 4.6% AMPHETAMINES 5.4% 5.8% HALLUCINOGENS 3.4% 6.0% SEDATIVES 4.0% 5.2% OPIATES 0.8% 2.2% DESIGNER DRUGS 2.2% 5.6%

PROBLEMATIC EXPERIENCES (Annual) 2008 2010 Had a hangover 79.3% 76.7% Became nauseated or vomited 68.2% 66.3% Got into an argument or fight 46.1% 45.9% Later regretted actions 47% 45.6% Missed a class 48.5% 45.3% Performed poorly on test or important project 34.1% 32.9% Been hurt or injured 21.4% 23.1%

pg. 3 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention American College Health Association – National College Heath Assessment (2013, 2016) The ACHA National College Health Assessment Survey (ACHA-NCHA) is a research project used to track student health outcomes, projective behaviors, risk behaviors, and perceived norms on a national level. The survey is 66 questions and can be completed within 30 minutes. Raw data is unavailable. The follow represents data from the Institutional Data Report. The 2013 NCHA survey included 1212 respondents and the 2016 NCHA survey included 656 respondents.

PROBLEMATIC EXPERIENCES (Annual) 2013 2016 Later regretted actions 37.3% 34.7% Physically injured self 20.2% 17.5% Alcohol use affected academic performance 10.4% 7.6% Drug use affected academic performance 3.4% 3.6% Got into trouble with the police 7.7% 5.4% Had unprotected sex after using alcohol 29.2% 28.1%

Reported Use in the past 30 days: 2013 2016 Cigarettes 21.6% 15.4% Alcohol 74.5% 67.2% Marijuana 28.4% 27.6% Drive after drinking any alcohol 17.5% 10.9%

National Social Norms Center- U-Celebrate! Survey (2018) Beginning in Academic Year 2017-2018, SAVES has discontinued use of the NCHA due to changes in survey requirements for the RU Normal social norming grant. The National Social Norms Center at Michigan State University created and administers the U-Celebrate! Survey, which explores the celebratory nature of alcohol consumption on college campuses. The survey assesses campus demographics, behaviors related to alcohol, as well as attitudes and perceptions related to alcohol. The survey can be completed within 20 minutes and raw data is unavailable. The following represents data from the responses of identified drinkers in the format of official summary report tables. The U-Celebrate! Survey administered in spring 2018 included 448 respondents. PROBLEMATIC EXPERIENCES (Annual) 2018 Got into legal trouble 2.7% Got into trouble with your college/university 3.0% Physically injured another person 4.7% Did something you later regretted 23.3%

pg. 4 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Forget where you were or what you did 24.1% Got involved in a fight 6.6% Had someone use force or the threat of force to 4.0% have sex with you Physically injure yourself 14.0% Damaged a relationship with a family member, 8.6% friend, or significant other Had unprotected sex 22.9% Received a lower grade on an assignment, test, or 14.6% paper Received a lower final grade in a class 7.1% Missed class 18.3% Missed work 8.3%

pg. 5 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Programs and Services

Radford University offered various activities and services related to alcohol and other drug prevention during the reporting period. The Director of Student Counseling Services and SAVES, Assistant Director of SAVES, and two part-time Graduate Assistants provided direct services and coordinated prevention efforts. Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Services The EverFi course AlcoholEdu for College is assigned to all incoming freshmen and transfer Radford University students. This program is an online alcohol prevention program that forms a foundation for a comprehensive alcohol prevention strategy for institutions of higher education. This science-based, non-opinionated course is designed to address both the high-risk behaviors associated with alcohol consumption on campuses as well as reinforce the decisions of non- drinkers. Radford University has used AlcoholEdu for College since July 2012. EverFi also provides an online conduct course, AlcoholEdu for Sanction. The Office of Student Standards and Conduct assigns this online course to students in a first offense violation of the alcohol policy. During the report period, the Office of Student Standards and Conduct processed 1,952 alcohol violations and 614 drug violations. Radford University students who violate the alcohol policy on a second or third alcohol offense or a drug offense are assigned to the RU Aware program. The RU Aware program coordinated, by SAVES, has a staff of two part-time (29 hours per week and 24 hours per week) licensed clinicians and two to three interns. RU Aware provides diagnostic and bio-psychosocial assessments, recommendations and referrals, basic alcohol and drug education, and risk reduction and decision making skills building. The RU Aware counselors also address co-morbid mental health and dependency issues to provide referrals to other campus and community resources as needed. In fall of 2017, the RU Aware program began utilizing Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) for alcohol use screening and to assist with providing harm reduction feedback to students about their alcohol and other drug use. A full-time Alcohol and Other Drug Counselor was hired in December 2017. During this reporting period, 1,397 cases were assigned the online, AlcoholEdu for Sanction course and 886 cases were assigned to RU Aware. Educational Prevention Programs Prevention programs at Radford University have been provided by a collaboration of campus and community partners, including SAVES, Center for Diversity and Inclusion, the Health Educator and Peer Health Educators, Fraternity and Sorority Life, and the Women’s Resource Center of the . The following information was taken from the SAVES Annual report 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, and 2017-18. There is no feedback data or program evaluations from the programs listed to determine program effectiveness.

pg. 6 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention 1. New Student Orientation (Quest) is held in June of each year. SAVES, in collaboration with the Dean of Students Office, the Office of Student Standards and Conduct, Student Counseling Services, Student Health, and RUPD, provides an interactive session with incoming students. Topics include student conduct, alcohol, consent, sexual assault, and safety. 2. SAVES provides annual training to Residential Advisors. Topics include alcohol and other substance use, consent, sexual assault, bystander effect, and how to connect students to SAVES resources. 3. Step Up! Bystander Intervention program is offered annually, as requested by academic courses, resident advisors, and student organizations. During the reporting period, 85 Step Up! programs were hosted and reached 1,850 students. 4. LiveWell Social Norming campaign, funding by Anheuser-Busch, coordinated by SAVES, seeks to change the culture of drinking on campus. The campaign is developed using data from the NCHA survey and is advertised across campus via social media platforms, campus TV system, campus newspaper, posters displayed on bulletin boards and newsstands, and other electronic advertisements. During the reporting period, 750 LiveWell posters were displayed on campus, 74 TV ads, 9 Tartan stand ads (campus newspaper), 68 Tartan Ads, and weekly social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) posts were updated. 5. TIPS: Training Intervention Procedures for University was provided to student clubs and organizations on a voluntary basis. Trained TIPS facilitators within the Division of Student Affairs facilitated these sessions; no data on attendance or number of students reached is available. 6. Alcohol Awareness programming was provided to student organizations upon request. During the reporting period, SAVES presented 25 programs on topics of alcohol and other drug use. 7. The Athletics Department requires annual compliance meetings for all athletes at the beginning of the academic year (August). These meetings include reviewing the drug testing policy, procedures for drug testing, and sanctions for students who test positive. 8. SAVES provides annual training to student athletes on alcohol and other drug prevention education, including available resources.

pg. 7 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Campus Policies/Procedures Relating to Alcohol and Other Drugs Students Standards of Student Conduct: Alcohol: Improper use or possession of alcohol, including but not limited to: a. The unlawful use, possession, or consumption of alcohol b. The unlawful furnishing, distribution, or manufacturing of alcohol c. Violating any local, state, or federal alcohol laws d. Serving alcohol to students on University property and at University-sponsored events not on University property without prior approval from the Vice President for Student Affairs Drugs and other substances: a. The use, possession or consumption of marijuana b. The possession of drug paraphernalia c. The unlawful use, possession, or consumption of narcotics, controlled substances, or other illegal drugs d. Cultivating, growing, manufacturing, distributing, selling, sharing or possessing any illegal or controlled substance e. Improper use of a substance or substances for intoxicating purposes f. Possession of narcotics, controlled substances or other illegal drugs with intent to distribute g. Violating any local, state, or federal drug laws

Residence Hall Policies: Alcohol Possession of alcohol in any residence hall regardless of age is not allowed. Alcohol is only permitted in university-operated apartments whose assigned resident(s) are at least 21 years of age. *Residents who are 21 years or old may possess and/or consume alcohol in the university- operated apartments in their assigned room. Alcohol may be consumed or stored in common areas of university operated apartments provided all residents are 21 years or older Students under the age of 21 may not be in the presence of alcohol, in a residence hall or university operated apartment, regardless of whether they are consuming alcohol or not.

pg. 8 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Bulk quantities (i.e. quantities that cannot reasonably be consumed by one individual), games or devices used for the rapid consumption of alcohol, and common containers (e.g. kegs, punch bowls) are prohibited. Display of Alcohol or Other Drug Memorabilia Possession of alcohol containers in residence halls is prohibited. Plastic, glass, or metal vessels which contained alcohol at time of purchase that are decorated or on display in a student residence are not permitted. Students may not display alcohol or drug signs or other related alcohol or drug memorabilia so that they are visible from outside university-operated housing.

Alcohol and Other Drug Policy The Drug-Free University Policy for Radford University is currently under development.

Faculty & Staff Drug-Free Workplace Policy As Radford University is a state agency in the Executive Branch of the Commonwealth of , all employees of Radford University must follow Policy Number 1.05 – Alcohol and Other Drugs issued by the Virginia Department of Human Resource Management. The purpose of the policy is to establish and maintain a work environment free from the adverse effects of alcohol and other drugs. The policy outlines violations, responsibilities, disciplinary actions, and rehabilitation programs that are available to employees.

pg. 9 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Alcohol and Other Drug Policy Violations, Sanctions, and AOD Related Deaths Effective August 14, 2008, the Higher Education Opportunity Act mandated that as part of their DFSC Biennial Review, institutions must determine the number of drug and alcohol related violations and fatalities and the number and type of sanctions that are imposed as a result of those violations.

Violations Summary Academic Year Alcohol Violations by Drug Violations by Students Students 2014-2015 464 99 2015-2016 457 110 2016-2017 652 273 2017-2018 379 132 Total 1,952 614

Radford University Department of Human Resources reported one drug/alcohol related violation by a University employee during these reporting periods. Sanctions Summary

Sanctions for Alcohol and Drug Violation (by Academic Year) for Students 2014- 20156- 2016- 2017- Sanction Type 2015 2016 2017 2018 Alcohol and Other Drug Education 1659 1658 1857 1438 Educational Sanction 216 265 289 182 University Sanction 12 10 12 5 307 286 Formal Warning 303 307 286 198 Conduct Probation 211 205 284 221 Deferred Suspension 70 58 61 57 Suspension 20 7 15 14 Dismal 0 1 1 1 *Student charge for a potential violation of the alcohol policy

 Education Sanctions - examples include papers, seminars, meetings with staff members on a bi-weekly basis, brief counseling, and treatment referrals  University Sanctions- examples include Residence Hall Ban, Residence Relocation, and Restitution

 Alcohol and other Drug Education- examples include Assessments and online education

The Department of Human Resources reported one employee termination due to drug/alcohol policy violations in 2018.

pg. 10 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention

Alcohol and Other Drug Related Deaths

On-Campus Alcohol and Drug related Deaths

2014-2015 0

2015-2016 0

2016-2017 0

2017-2018 1

pg. 11 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG PREVENTION EFFORTS

Assessment of Alcohol and Other Drug Use, Behaviors, and Attitudes In order to better assess alcohol and other drug use, behaviors, and attitudes of students, the annual utilization of a singular, evidence-supported, survey instrument is recommended. This committee recommends a campus climate survey, which has not been utilized at Radford University. SAVES will assume responsibility for reviewing and implementing an assessment plan for continued data collection. Part of the LiveWell grant expectation is to utilize a survey created by the National Center for Social Norming, based off the National College Heath Assessment (NCHA) through 2016 and utilizing the U-Celebrate survey beginning in spring 2018. Program Evaluation In order to assess the effectiveness of alcohol and other drug educational programming, this committee recommends developing and utilizing a program evaluation form to be administered and the end of each program. Additional Committee Recommendations  Develop a comprehensive University-wide alcohol and drug policy that applies to both students and employees of the University  Increase marijuana cessation support services  Increase recovery support services  Mandate TIPS training for all members of Fraternity and Sorority Life organizations  Explore requiring alcohol and other drug policy trainings and refresher trainings for University employees  Identification of a repository for this report

pg. 12 Radford University Biennial Review of Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention