Leon Czolgosz 1901

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LEON CZOLGOSZ 1901 -FPO$[PMHPT[ death. Before being executed by electric chair the son of Polish Catholic RQ2FWREHU&]ROJRV]LVTXRWHGDV immigrants, spent most of his saying, “I killed the President because he was life working in factories. Enraged the enemy of the good people! I did it for the at the rich and powerful’s help of the good people, the working men of exploitation of the poor, Czolgosz all countries!” became interested in anarchism. He attended lectures and heard The President: anarchist Emma Goldman speak William McKinley LQ&OHYHODQGRQ0D\ Leon Czolgosz Fascinated with Goldman’s 3UHVLGHQW0F.LQOH\WKHWK beliefs, Czolgosz followed her to Chicago and President of the United States, spoke to her as she was on her way to the led the nation to victory in the train station. As Czolgosz’s interest in anarchy Spanish-American War, raised deepened, he decided to follow the example of protective tariffs to promote Gaetano Bresci, who assassinated King Umberto American industry, and I of Italy in July, 1900. Czolgosz shot President maintained the gold standard McKinley twice at close range in Buffalo, New for U.S. currency. William McKinley <RUNRQ6HSWHPEHU Historical Context: The Assassination Emma Goldman and the Anarchist Movement President William Emma Goldman, a Russian immigrant to McKinley was shaking the United States, was a well-known writer, hands with the public speaker, and anarchist leader. Over the course during a reception at of her life, she argued against conscription, the Temple of Music supported birth control, and Pavilion at the Pan- encouraged Americans to American Exposition overthrow their leaders as a in Buffalo, when the means to end the plight of the A contemporary depiction of the assassination. assassination occurred. working class. After McKinley’s When the President reached to shake Leon assassination, police arrested Czolgosz’s hand, Czolgosz shot him twice. The Goldman on charges of ½UVWEXOOHWJUD]HGWKH3UHVLGHQWEXWWKHRWKHU planning the murder, but one lodged in his abdomen. SURVHFXWRUVFRXOG½QGQR evidence linking Goldman to Emma Goldman Eight days after being shot, President McKinley the attack. died of a gangrene infection to the wound. After McKinley’s assassination, Congress passed For further resources on Leon Czolgosz, go to: OHJLVODWLRQRI½FLDOO\FKDUJLQJWKH6HFUHW6HUYLFH http://www.milwaukeerep.com/season/assassins.html with the protection of the President. “I did it because it is wrong for one man Leon Czolgosz went on trial nine days after the to have so much service when other men President passed away, and was sentenced to have none…” –Leon Czolgosz, Assassins Assassins Study Guide QH.

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Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways.
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Abhorrent Object Is Leon Czolgosz
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Italian Militants and Migrants and the Language of Solidarity in the Early- Twentieth-Century Western Coalfields
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