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High Altitude Long Endurance UAV Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development

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High Altitude Long Endurance UAV Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development NASA/TP-2007-214861 High Altitude Long Endurance UAV Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development Craig L. Nickol and Mark D. Guynn Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Lisa L. Kohout Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Thomas A. Ozoroski Swales Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia March 2007 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) papers from scientific and technical Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA conferences, symposia, seminars, or other maintain this important role. meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s technical, or historical information from NASA scientific and technical information. The NASA STI programs, projects, and missions, often Program Office provides access to the NASA STI concerned with subjects having substantial Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and public interest. space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- disseminating the results of its research and language translations of foreign scientific and development activities. These results are published by technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of custom thesauri, building customized databases, completed research or a major significant phase organizing and publishing research results ... even of research that present the results of NASA providing videos. programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of For more information about the NASA STI Program significant scientific and technical data and Office, see the following: information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer- • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at reviewed formal professional papers, but having http://www.sti.nasa.gov less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • E-mail your question via the Internet to [email protected] • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, at (301) 621-0134 working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at analysis. (301) 621-0390 • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and • Write to: technical findings by NASA-sponsored NASA STI Help Desk contractors and grantees. NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7115 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/TP-2007-214861 High Altitude Long Endurance UAV Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development Craig L. Nickol and Mark D. Guynn Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Lisa L. Kohout Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Thomas A. Ozoroski Swales Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 March 2007 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the following researchers and engineers for their valuable contributions to this study: Mike Logan (NASA LaRC), Dr. Mark Motter (NASA LaRC), Paul Schmitz (Power Computing Solutions, Inc.), Andrew Hahn (NASA LaRC), Ray Morgan (Morgan Aircraft Consulting), Cecile Burg (Georgia Institute of Technology), Melody Avery (NASA LaRC) and Steve Smith (NASA ARC). In addition, the authors appreciate the support provided by John Del Frate (NASA DFRC) and Fay Collier (NASA LaRC) which enabled the execution of this study. The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in the report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 7115 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161-2171 (301) 621-0390 (703) 605-6000 Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................v List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................vii Abstract.........................................................................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Symbols ..................................................................................................................................................3 3.0 Initial Requirements................................................................................................................................5 4.0 Analysis of Alternatives........................................................................................................................11 4.1 Scope and Evaluation Criteria........................................................................................................11 4.2 Tools and Processes........................................................................................................................14 4.3 AoA Concept Descriptions and Results .........................................................................................17 4.3.1 Heavier-Than-Air Consumable Fuel Concepts (Concepts 1-5).........................................17 4.3.2 Heavier-Than-Air Solar Regenerative Concepts (Concepts 6-10) ....................................29 4.3.3 Heavier-Than-Air Solar-Consumable Hybrids..................................................................42 4.3.4 Lighter-Than-Air Concepts (Concepts 11-16)...................................................................45 4.4 Concept Down Select ....................................................................................................................55 5.0 Operational Concept Study ...................................................................................................................55 5.1 Refined Requirements ...................................................................................................................56 5.2 Phase II Configuration Descriptions .............................................................................................58 5.2.1 Heavier-Than-Air Consumable Fuel Concepts.................................................................58 5.2.2 Lighter-Than-Air Concept................................................................................................61 5.3 Operational Modeling Assumptions and Results ..........................................................................63 6.0 Cost Analysis ........................................................................................................................................65 6.1 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Process and Assumptions......................................................................65 6.2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Results ...................................................................................................69 7.0 Solar Regenerative Mission Requirements and Technology Study......................................................69 7.1 Study Configuration .......................................................................................................................70 7.2 Mission Requirements Trade Study ...............................................................................................72 7.2.1 Study Approach .................................................................................................................73 7.2.2 Study Results .....................................................................................................................75 7.2.3 Mission Requirements Trade Study Conclusions..............................................................78 7.3 Technology Trade Study ................................................................................................................79 7.3.1 Study Approach .................................................................................................................79 iii 7.3.2 Hurricane Science Mission................................................................................................79 7.3.3 Communications Relay Mission........................................................................................87 7.3.4 Technology Trade Study Conclusions...............................................................................94 8.0 Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................97 References………………………………………………..………………………………………………..99 iv List of Tables Table 1. Morphological Decomposition Matrix ........................................................................................11
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