June, 1909 Rose Technic Staff Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

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Summer 6-1909 Volume 18 - Issue 10 - June, 1909 Rose Technic Staff Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

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VOL. XVIII TERRE HAUTE, IND., JUNE SUPPLEMENT, 1909 No. 10

RESULTS VERSUS IDEALS IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION

BY ROBERT FLETCHER, PH.D., C.E. Director of Thayer School of Civil Engineering, Dartmouth College.

Results vs. ideals; performance vs. promises; technic Institute. He transplanted to Terre accomplishment vs. good resolutions; graduating Haute the system by which adequate scholarship classes vs. college catalogues and prospectuses;— is joined to skill gained by manual training in such is life! shops and laboratories. The Russian system in This is a commemorative occasion; a twenty- Moscow was contemporaneous; but there all fifth graduation; a proper time to look backward manual operations of shop work were for instruc- and revise educational estimates. tion only; material was consumed, but for the Chauncey Rose, the revered founder of Rose products there was no use or commercial value. Polytechnic Institute, had very definite ideals. Prof. Calvin M. Woodward, in St. Louis, had His thought was of an education blending the also worked ten years on the manual training industrial sciences with advanced academic and system, in which he aimed to teach tool theory even collegiate instruction; the product to be, not and mechanical analysis apart from ordinary scholars only, but men fitted for various mechan- shop practice; to conduct a secondary school ical, professional and industrial pursuits, and with a liberal course of study in mathematics, equipped with both intelligence and skill. science and language. But the Worcester system The first President of Rose Polytechnic, the developed by Thompson and Higgins gave shop lamented Dr. Charles 0. Thompson, came here training under commercial conditions; the sal- with very practical ideals, worked out during able products had a widely-recognized, use and fifteen years at what is now the Worcester Poly- value. In his inaugural address, President Thompson set forth the purpose and scope of an *A memorial address on the occasion of the twenty- clearly fifth graduation at Rose Polytechnic Institute. institute of technology. He defined the term 282 THE ROSE TECHNIC. technology as the application of the sciences to machine shop. This was then an unusual policy industrial ends. He then deprecated the confu- in. the schools, but it accorded with the earliest sion of ideas which would apply the term, tech- precedents of the profession. The firs1 great civil nical education, to any course of teaching which engineers of the modern world, Perronet, in aims at a directly practical result, as opposed to France, and his contemporary, Smeaton, in Eng- the old academic idea of the "college education." land, one hundred and fifty years ago, developed But when, as he said, a title is sought for those marked inventive power and skill along mechan- who engage in the higher occupations or profes- ical lines. They devised and adapted their rude sions, the word technologist is found to be too auxiliary machines for constructive purposes. vague and awkward; hence such men are termed Instead of, steam-hoisting engines, they had only engineers, and the business engineering. man power and steam power. Smeaton con- We may note here that the term "engineering" structed and operated pumps, water wheels, blow- may seem to lack breadth of meaning, suggesting ing engines and windmills, and invented astro- chiefly mechanical devices, engines, machine nomical and meteorological instruments. shops, etc. But reference to the dictionary will You may remember the familiar anecdote of set us right; for the first definition (now obso- Rennie, who, when traveling, lost caste among his lete) of engine is "natural capacity," "ability," fellow passengers by mending the broken axle "skill"; and the derivation is from the Latin of a disabled stage coach; but one offended com- ingenium, which is a composite of in and the root panion was astonished to find him at the break- of gignere, to produce. Hence the original fast table of a nobleman next day. sense is very comprehensive, and the word, as To justify his ideals at that time, President used, quite appropriate. Indeed, the late George Thompson reported, as the results of fifteen S. Morison, Civil Engineer, held that every engi- years' trial of the system, that more than 95 per neering work is a tool for accomplishing some cent. of the graduates at Worcester were in occu- specific purpose; that engine is but another name pations for which their training had specifically for tool; that the business of an engineer relates prepared them. The subsequent twenty-five to tools; that a civil engineer must be capable years at Rose Polytechnic show that eighty-six of designing as well as handling tools; that the per cent, have been and are devoted to pursuits highest development of tools is an engine which relevant to the training received here, including manufactures power; that we are in the early electrical engineering and architecture, which stages of a new epoch, that of the mannfacture have been added during the period. of power; that civil engineering in its true mean- But a world-wide view of the ever-expanding ing embraces every special branch; that the true field of technical education shows some complex- civil engineer must be able to design as well as ity; there is discordance of results and ideals; direct; and that, whether he be a railroad builder, criticism is abroad. The president of a leading a skillful surveyor, a mechanical engineer, or American university,* where science is the lead- devoted to any other,specialty, he must be more ing interest, has recently recognized a prevalent than a skillful workman—he must be an origi- doubt whether scientific studies have the same nator, a creator. educational value as the classical curriculum ; In President Thompson's statement of the whether they confer the same depth and breadth high purpose of Rose Polytechnic, he recognized of intellectual power; whether the outlook they this principle and emphasized it by announcing give is as wide, or the life as large as that that the young men who propose to be civil engineers will spend part of their practice time in the * President Remsen, of Johns Hcpkins. •

THE ROSE TECHNIC. 283

founded on the old college training. Cecil • man; and that education includes training, as Rhodes, an Oxford man, a phenomenal man of the whole includes the parts, without putting too affairs, and would-be empire builder, gave *his much stress upon mere drill and manual dex- answer by founding the Rhodes Scholarships. terity. Dr. Calvin M. Woodward, of St. Louis, However, to say the least, such criticism is quite has well said that the watchword of engineering premature. The ancient order or education was education is SERVICE. It is to be in itself a growth of centuries; the new is scarcely half essentially serviceable. "The idea of service un- a century old. The immense body of knowledge, denies every detail of it, and that service is with its useful applications developed by scien- objective, altruistic; and therein it differs from tific inquiry during the past two centuries, has that older education whose supreme object is but,„little relation to the ancient learning based on 'culture.' * * * * * We all know that literature, rhetoric and art. The old system pro- there is more than one avenue to culture; in duced and still produces too much ineffective point of fact there are many avenues, and we culture. purpose to claim for the accomplished engineer It is almost beyond belief that two distin- his right to full and equal membership in the guished professors in great universities have increasing brotherhood of culture." openly declared that increase in the utility of Indeed, the term profession, as a vocation, sig- studies makes them of less value in educating nifies the application of special knowledge and men; and that "the practical aim of a general skill for the use and benefit of others, and not education is such training as shall enable a man for merely personal advantage. So that a so- to devote his faculties to matters which of them- called professional man whose sole aim is selfish selves do not interest him." One of our honored gain is discredited. Hence the famous maxim of leaders has termed this "superb foolishness." Smeaton reveals the true professional instinct of The modern scientific training aims at efficiency. the engineer. He said: "The abilities of the indi- If there are defects, the remedy is not in going vidual are a debt which he owes to the common back to the old, btit in making one reinforce the stock of public happiness." other, and in finding a right adjustment of all the Right here we may observe that the most prac- complex terms involved. tical product of culture for the engineer is literary Perhaps it was a sense of the growing corn- ability. From the time of Smeaton's report on plexity of the situation and a need of some the Edystone lighthouse, to the latest papers and agency of adjustment that led to the formation articles- in our technical publications, the writings of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering of engineers lose nothing, but sometimes gain by Education in 1893. This is the first and, so far, comparison with other literature of like kind. the only society of its kind in the world,—a Instead of creations of sentiment and fancy the national congress of the teachers of engineering, engineer deals with plain facts and procedure ;• The choice of its title raised the old question of knows exactly what he wants to say, and is only education versus training. Warning was urged concerned to express himself with brevity and against the danger of putting too much emphasis effectiveness. His subject-matter almost nat- upon mere training to the neglect of the broader urally leads him to adopt the prime qualities of education. Furthermore, was the purpose of the style. He may be classed with other scientists society more truly expressed by the word "tech- who, in the words of another, "have caught with nical" or the adjective "engineering"? It was remarkably close ear the accents of the English decided that engineering includes technical, in tongue." describing the professional endowment of the Doubtless this ability must be cultivated; 284 THE ROSE TECHNIC. young graduates do not often have it, for they work in modern languages. Here was manifest lack the first essential of having something worth the influence of the extreme dictation of the co'- while to say. But they may, and ought to have leges and universities to the secondary schools. the preliminary training derived from prepara- The protest of the 'latter has become very loud, tion of required reports on special topics and the both in teachers' conventions and in current graduating thesis. And many older engineers periodicals. Studies that belong in college, per- might have more influence and better professional haps to the extent of half a year of time, are standing by judicious speech and writing. They crowded back upon the high schools and acade- hesitate to "speak out in meeting" when it is mies which can not properly do the work, both their duty to inform the community on questions because of inadequate teaching force and imma- of engineering in relation to public affairs. The turity of many of the scholars. A writer in a late Mr. Eads was a forceful writer and speaker; leading magazine for May has charged the otherwise he never would have persuaded Con- higher institutions with ruining the high schools gress to authorize the construction of the Mis- by diverting their strength and chief endeavors sissippi (South Pass) jetties against the opposi- from the many pupils who can not go to college tion of those who advocated the ship canal. to the few who can. He says the people who Deficiency in this particular has prevented build and maintain these schools at great expense capable and worthy engineers from gaining are being cheated out of their proper return by proper recognition. So long as the majority of not getting the education best adapted to their engineers are content to take the attitude and needs. A few years ago, the speaker saw an play the part merely of the "hired man," so long examination paper for admission to our foremost will capitalists, lawyers and politicians "run the university, requiring solution of a problem in business" and dictate terms to those who, by organic chemistry, which the instructors at one their special knowledge and skill, are entitled at academy said would be a hard nut for them, and least to equal voice in council, and often to direc- would require considerable time and some labora- tion of affairs. tory work for a proper answer. The sixteen annual meetings of that society, 2. The question of specialization and too much or congress, have brought together representa- diversity of degrees has received earnest atten- tives from institutions variously organized and tion. A committee reported that, in 1904, no less conducted, in widely-separated localities, and with than eighty-five different kinds of engineering very different environments. Committees of in- degrees were offered, twenty-two for postgrad- vestigation have made extended inquiries and uate work and sixty-three for undergraduate. rendered reports; vital questions of general pol- Among these were Bachelor of Arts in five icy and methods have been discussed, and much branches, Bachelor of Engineering in four attention given to details of courses and subjects branches, plain Bachelor in nine branches, of instruction. A very brief statement of some Bachelor of Philosophy in five branches, Bach- of their findings will make the present situation elor of Science in twenty-eight lines, in- more apparent and elucidate our theme. cluding textile industry, sanitary and domes- 1. Entrance requirements were formulated by tic science and naval architecture, railway, a committee which-made the ideal too high. In architectural, municipal and sanitary engineer- mathematics, they included much of what is ing; four Doctors and four Masters of different known as higher algebra, advanced trigonometry, designations; seven Masters of Science in dif- and facility in use of logarithms; also, a wide ferent lines of engineering, and nineteen others, range of physics and chemistry, and extensive including practical chemist, master of mechanic THE ROSE TECHNIC. 285

arts, irrigation engineer, marine engineer, chem- sciences and seven differentiated lines of engi- ical engineer, architect, civil engineer in archi- neering. From this they prepared an essential tecture, architectural engineer, etc. Only twelve curriculum, grouping preparatory studies and of the postgraduate degrees, and only forty-seven engineering subjects into four parallel columns, of the undergraduate degrees were conferred. respectively, for civil, mechanical, mining and That is about two-thirds of all those offered. It electrical engineers. This was for the usual four- would perhaps be unkind and inconsiderate to years' course. But if requirements for admission describe this as absurd variety; it certainly indi- are relaxed to the extent of half a year, as just cates hopeless diversity, not to say confusion of suggested, some four-year courses, as now ar- ideals. The writer has elsewhere urged that the ranged, must be curtailed at various points. titles Master and Doctor in engineering are su- Hence many raise the point that four years is perfluous, and that it is a mistake to depart from quite insufficient to fulfill a broad enough pro- the simplicity and dignity of the titles: Civil en- gram of culture studies and the ideal require- gineer, mechanical engineer, mining engineer, ments for graduation. Consequently a growing architect, chemist, or, if you please, consulting interest in the five-year or six-year curriculum. chemist, electrical engineer and, possibly, one or The experience of the speaker for more than two more. thirty years has been with a two-year program Thousands of graduates from engineering of studies and practice exclusively in the line of schools during fifty years have proved that men civil engineering, but preceded at first by four with thorough knowledge of the fundamentals years of preparatory work in college, and re- find occupation in all branches of engineering, duced, during the last fifteen years, to three irrespective of the kind of degree. Yes, looking years of collegiate work in language and science, back a century, to the first forty years of the including two years of graphics. The five-year United States Military Academy, we find about course is about as long as the young man of fifty men (trained to be military engineers) be- average financial resources can undertake, and coming chief or resident engineers on the canals too long for many, who then resort to an inter- and railways built in that period. Among these mediate year of actual practice, which always. was Major Whistler, who built the railroad from brings more than financial return to the student St. Petersburg to Moscow, 400 miles, for the in better appreciation of his studies. This ques- Russian Government. Why, then, give men such tion is still under discussion. Professor Perry, distinctive and wordy labels, as though the school of London, has said, recently, in correspondence: had cast them into molds or already projected "May I suggest that you Americans are trying them with correct aim at definite targets? to do too much at college? You are trying to 3. On the question of graduation requirements teach evervthing at an engineering college. It the president of one of our older engineering seems to me that a college ought to teach a man schools protested strongly against the tendency how to go on educating himself after he leaves to "the crowding of •the curriculum"; another college. If this is the aim of a college, then a against too much attempt to anticipate for one five or six-years' course is all too long." who is yet a student, and whose future can not But the University of Michigan has recently be dictated by overdoing between narrow limits. announced a six-year course, with three degrees The committee on this vital topic worked out a in sequence: Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of consensus of actual schedules which allowed Engineering and Master of Engineering. 7,450 to 8,100 "hours" for twenty-seven subjects, And Harvard University, within a few weeks, including language, mathematics, the physical has ceased to debate the question by separating 286 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

,her engineering school entirely from the colle- tion between laboratory or shop work and class- giate or undergraduate courses, and making it room instruction; mixing of preparatory subjects distinctively a graduate school. Harvard thus and those of the proper engineering program; tardily recognizes engineering as a profession, on waste of time by too much vacation; more work an equality with law, medicine and theology. The with the individual directly, rather than so much fact of such equality has long been evident with the class as a whole; instruction in the biog- enough. The practicians in the art of engineer- raphy and history of the profession; research ing have,long levied tribute from widely diyerse laboratories and investigational work by engi- fields of scientific inquiry. They have profited neering schools; the teaching of mathematics for from the labors of the mathematicians, from the engineering students; same as to rational and Bernonillis, Descartes, St. Venant, etc., to the experimental mechanics and physics; engineer- engineer-mathematician Rankins and his following jurisprudence; relation of philosophy to en- ers; only they have discarded mathematical ab- gineering instruction; training for leadership; stractions and made mathematics available as a ought the instructors to engage in professional working tool. The engineers have directed the work? and many other topics relating to details researches of chemists, matellurgists and biolo- of class work, text-books, methods, etc. gists to useful ends in the operation of water- The mere mention of so many and such di- works, works of sanitation, rail-making, etc. verse questions of common interest shows the They have made chemical and bacteriological scope of our theme only in part. The relations laboratories a necessary adjunct in various works. of engineering schools to polytechnic industrial A civil engineer vindicated the veracity of Herod- education are worthy of passing notice. The otus (discredited by some scholars) by making United States Commissioner of Education re- actual survey of and identifying the margin of ported, in 1907, more than one hundred State the (so-called mythical) lake Mceris, and reveal- universities, State colleges, institutes of tech- ing to the modern world the vast i?rigation sys- nology, etc., having an attendance of 33,000 male tem of ancient Egypt, thus showing how the students classified as studying technology, ap- British administration of to-day has singular plied science and engineering. This includes analogy to the policy of Prime Minister Joseph some State colleges of agriculture and mechanic in the control of the irrigation by the Govern- arts which might be termed semi-professional ment. A civil engineer of to-day rescued the schools, as well as some of the technical insti- manuscript of Frontinus from neglect by the tutes. Some are yet in their infancy; resources, scholars, and introduced that capable and pains- environment, clientele and other conditions are taking water commissioner of ancient Rome to widely different. One has been inaugurated in the acquaintance of his confreres younger by an adjoining State within a month. These and nineteen centuries. This vocation, which thus the trade schools, or secondary schools, which derives both interest and culture with utility from distinctively give training for particular occupa- so. wide a range of science, archaeology and tions, are generally fulfilling their purpose. classic literature, is this anything less than a pro- The late Prof. J. B. Johnson called attention fession? to the monotechnic schools of Germany, which are Many other subjects have received the serious supported by the state or by the municipalities, and constant attention of the society in the en- and have fine buildings and complete equipment deavor to establish practicable ideals. Among of every appliance needed to prosecute each its them are: Instruction by non-resident lecturers appropriate industry; also, to the hundreds of and abuse of the method by lectures; dispropor- special schools, supported by trades and associa- THE ROSE TECHNIC 287

tions, which have abolished apprenticeship, and indictment of the State universities by a promi- have thoroughly applied science to give exact nent manufacturer and large employer of labor training, with the result that the superiority of in one great interocean metropolis. He advised Germany in commerce, based on the growth of the States to go out of the "higher education" her great industries, has been achieved almost in business and send the boys back to their homes a generation. The three years of study in the to help support the family, instead of being a monotechnic schools follow two years in second- heavy expense. He is reported as saying: "In- ary scientific schools (i. e., to include sophomore stead of teaching young men to seek labor they year in our grading), so that the five years pro- cause them to despise it, and the studepts leave duce scientifically-trained directors of industrial the schools with the feeling that they are too enterprises. Again, the commercial colleges of good to work and smart enough to make their France, Belgium and Germany are training men living by their wits." qualified by their special education to invade This is an extreme view of a so-called "self- every quarter of the globe as commercial agents made" and self-educated man. Now your true and builders of industries. self-made man is not be described by the jibe of In the United States, the recent Nelson amend- the cynic, as "one who quit work when half done ment to the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 gives and then began to brag of the job." Rather are increased national aid for the extension and bet- they men of hard sense who have achieved terment of the work of the State colleges of wealth and influence in spite of deprivations; and agriculture and the mechanic arts. Several of they'compel a respectful hearing. While the the States are also giving increased aid, and the very hostile attitude just noted is unreasonable, State of Illinois has taken the unprecedented yet when we compare the number of leaders in action of appropriating $50,000 for the graduate large industries, finance and legislation, who department of its university. The latest move- lacked early advantages, with the tens of thou- ment of a national scope was presented in the sands who have had and now have almost a su- Davis Bill before the House Committee on Agri- perfluity of opportunities, we have to confess culture of the Sixtieth Congress. This proposed, that results are not proportionate to the means among other things, to provide an appropriation provided. for agricultural and industrial instruction in sec- Professor Johnson, in arguing for a higher and ondary schools. It is open to question whether better industrial education, compared the German the general Government is not already overbur- system with the great diversity of endeavor in dened by its generous annuities to the State col- American education as follows: leges, and whether the action now proposed does "The common schools give no special prepara- not more properly belong to the States them- tion for any kind of employment; the manual selves; whether it is not too much national inter- training schools likewise fit for nothing in par- ference in State education. ticular; our engineering schools fit for very nar- This brief survey of abundant and diverse op- row lines of professional employment, and com- portunities for various education presents an ap- monly educate men away from the industrial pur- parently ideal situation—manual training and do- suits rather than toward them; and, as for our mestic economy for immediate industrial use, so-called commercial colleges, what do they teach , through grades of the semi-professional to the beyond arithmetic, bookkeeping, stenography highest type of technology. Yet many point to and typewriting? Where, then, does the specific the results as entirely disappointing. scientific training for the manufacturing and Only a few days ago was heard a scathing commercial industries come in? I submit that it 288 l'HE, ROSE TECHNIC. does not come in at all; that our factories and those studies." This is no joke. In another col- business houses are largely managed by men ot lege a professor found, on investigation, that the little or no scientific training; who have learned extraneous activities, such as society matters, their crafts in the traditional way; who are, how - college paper, and the various sports and recrea- ever, of an inventive turn of mind, and who read tions, most of them quite proper and even helpful the trade journals. They are a great credit to in their place, might easily absorb all of the time, college. the system that has produced them, and many of so as to exclude the real work of the them have become self-educated into an excel- However, we recognize a minority of students lent state of efficiency; but as a class they are far who hold aloof from this, in good degree, attend scholarship from the ideal directors of such business, and to their proper business, and save the has very far indeed from the standard already of the institution. Blessed is the man who poor achieved in Germany. Their success can in most no money for such dissipation; he is not as however, cases be attributed to the extraordinary condi- as he thinks he is. It is noteworthy, less af- tions .offered by a new and rapidly-developing that students of technology are much it is en- country rather than to any superior ability on fected by this evil; from many institutes their part.* tirely absent; and the speaker may add that all re- The president of another Eastern university who come under his jurisdiction have to has been quoted as saying: "Men go to college nounce all connection with that sort of thing. now for association and sentiment. It is a four• This looks like a strong case for the critics of years' playground." There may be some refer- higher education. But they overlook the fact to ence here to the obtrusive intercollegiate contests. that some of the most generous contributors On the unpublished college calendar the usual the cause of higher education have been and are sequence is: Football, basketball, dramatic per- of those who lacked is advantages. Moreover, formances, glee-club exhibitions, spring track they fail to notice that this regretable degenera- among meets for athletics, junior promenade and vari- tion of college ideals is more especially will say it ous festivities, baseball, boat racing and, lately, in those who, if they have a definite aim, of what they the North, polo. This "traveling show business," is "general culture," or the uplift the rep- in the name of institutions which stand for the term "college life." On the other hand, education enter a plea of highest learning and culture, has the concomi- resentatives of technical "not for they can show that schools of tants of notorious betting and the expenditure of guilty," have saved and will save the situa- thousands of dollars in the traveling expenses of technology in good degree. Do they not supply definite the loyal college "cheering squads." Thus the tion, vital work? It is advantages of sports, allowable in moderation, aims and a interest in college technical are lost in wild extremes; thus these distractions a platitude that the example of the the from the legitimate work are constant through- schools has revolutionized the program of a and that their out the year; thus some seem to regard this as older colleges within generation; endeavor, their chief interest and make a business of play. students are prompted to strenuous the gen- We have the authentic reminiscence of a graduate such as is unusual among students in president has of a leading New England university, who re- eral courses. Indeed, one college to to enter the marked at a class reunion: "We would have had commonly said young men about expected to do a really glorious time here, if it hadn't been for engineering courses that they are about a third more work than the other students. • * Proc. Soc. for Promotion of Eng. Education, Nevertheless, as we have already noticed, Vol. VI, p. 27. there is much questioning of results in and among! THE ROSE TECHNIC. 289

the engineering schools, and doubtless plenty of cuits ; in the shop, every piece of his work must room for improvement. Each institution has its pass the tests of the gauges. In the draughting peculiar situation and its own problem. The in- room, every computation must be proved by him- dividuality, determined by past history, tradi- self or another, and every drawing verified by tions, resources, equipment, specific aims, per- methods which he can apply for himself, so that sonnel of the instructors, and acquired momen- he can confidently invite any scrutiny. Such tum must persist. We can not entirely harmon- training makes the man sure of himself and de- ize ideals or secure uniformity in results. But velops the sense of personal responsibility. This all schools and their teachers may share in cer- is so elementary as almost to need no statement, tain practicable ideals and some possible results vet right here has been much complaint from the which we may term characteristics of the best practicians. They say that in the attempt to technical education. cover too much ground, the schools do not teach In this aspect of our subject we may premise the men to do their work well; that the young a broader definition, to-wit: Technical education graduate makes many mistakes; that he does not is a course of instruction (including suitable check his results; that he does not keep a neat training) which will best pripare a man to adjust note book or have care enough to take sufficiently himself to his future opportunities in technical complete notes; that he is not sure of himself in pursuits. Usually the man can not chose as he use of instruments, and can not be trusted to go would; only a few find ideal opportunities after ahead without supervision. There is no excuse graduation. Most men do not find themselves for this. Such fundamental training is the busi- until they face the responsibilities of their voca- ness of the school; whatever else is done, this tion, especially the bread-and-butter problem. must not be left undone. Hence the unwisdom of trying to make choices As a case in point, a young man, out of col- (or elect) too closely within the jurisdiction of lege for an intermediate year of practice, was the school. There should be, above all, a readi- ordered to run a line of levels. He declined to ness to face the vicissitudes of choic. e afterward: use the instrument given him, saying that he had A first and indispensable characteristic is thor- tried to adjust it and found an inherent defect oughness. "Whatever is worth doing at all is which would vitiate his work; and, as it was a worth doing well." If you say, this is an ad- line 125 miles long, in bad country, he could not mitted maxim of life in any business, we reply be responsible for correct results. He was com- that it is systematically violated in the whole mended for his discretion, given a better instru- range of American education, from the bottom ment, completed the task, and before the end of up. There is woful lack of sanity in overdoing the year was made assistant engineer with an the schooling all along the line, and too little office in a railroad center. You will say that this thoroughness anywhere. is only ordinary caution. True; but many fail at We develop this characteristic by living up to such a point. Others had heedlessly used that certain principles of action. Among these we instrument without proving it, probably on the specify (a): A man must check his work. Here assumption that a level is a level, and must do is a marked contrast to some literary training. the work in some way. Again, a young graduate It is not, enough for the man to suppose results on the reclamation service was marked for en- to be right, when he hands them in; he must forced vacation, when the contractors failed and know that they are right. In leveling, he must work was curtailed. But his chief said, "No, I close on his benches within the allowed limit of want to keep him; somehow he always gets re- error; in other surveys, he must close his cir- sults and has them right." 290 THE ROSE TECHNIC. •

As tending to thoroughness also we may state it can be boiled down to a not very large resid- as Principle (b): "Do not have too many irons uum of fundamental principles and data. In the in the fire at once." For the average man in a applications of mathematics the really important professional course, about two subjects, followed subjects of engineering employ chiefly the more collaterally, are enough to engage all of his in- simple rules, methods and formulx of arithme- terest and enthusiasm. This does not rule out tic, algebra, geometry (including the analytical), one other for. culture or relaxation, but that trigonometry and calculus. The more intricate should be according to his own preference and at formulze and the higher theorems are not ex- odd times. Any overburden tends to produce tensively used even in mechanics of materials, distraction and mental worry, which impair the theory of framed structures and hydraulics. The average accomplishment. Dispersion of the interesting appaations of the theory of the stream in an alluvial channel makes -shoal water; higher plane curves in mechanism and machine concentration makes deep water. design are almost the poetry of mathematics. The Working on this principle of concentration entire science and method of the graphic statics is along two lines secures better continuity and plain application of such simple mechanics as the more sustained interest in a given subject; also, "polygon of forces" and theorems of moments; it makes more feasible the policy of individual and these again are elementary propositions of instruction, by not restricting the sessions in geometry concerning parallelograms and laws of class room or laboratory to a set period of min- similar triangles. utes or hours. The speaker has used for many Engineering instruction in all, the leading in- years the half-day as a unit period, whether the stitutions is usually differentiated into parallel assignments are for recitation, field work of lab- courses only after the first, second or third half- oratory. year, because they all stand on this common sub- In this principle, also, is included the necessity structure of correct theory deduced from mathe- of judiciously excluding all non-essentials. The matical and physical laws. In the usual divisions, body of engineering literature is now so over- or branches, such as concrete construction, whelming in its quantity and range that the most bridges, buildings and arches, municipal engi- diligent student can only get a glimpse of it; but neering (including pavements and streets, sewer- he can learn to use the indexes and make his own age and sanitation, water supply, etc.), thermo- card catalogue through required reports on as- dynamics and heat engines, electrical engineer- signed topics; also, how to unlock the store- ing, etc., each includes a body of special data and house; how to make his knowledge and elemen- detail which may be studied by the student in tary skill effective in emergencies. some essential points, but can only be fully ap- We have noticed how largely the engineering preciated as applied by the practitioner. The profession utilizes the results of a wide range of speaker would urge that in the attempt to spread scientific investigation. This gives apparent over so wide a range we may get too far away complexity; hence the division into the several from our base; he would impress upon the stu- recognized branches. Yet it is no contradiction dent the ultimate unity and simplicity of the to assert that a second characteristic of engineer- science and art of engineering in the large. ing education is the domination of a compara- A hydraulic engineer of large practice in mill tively few controlling principles and methods. construction and power development says he is If the members of the graduating class will constantly reviewing his mechanics and other take a retrospect of their entire four-years' fundamental tbeory, so as to have always at in- course they may be surprised to find how much stant command the principles which must be his THE ROSE TECHNIC. 291 guide to safe practice. Another, a successful in- ordinary surveying operations, fitted to become a ventor and mechanical engineer, says it has been surveyor after due experience. his habit to read from one to two hours daily in He may be a careful and accurate draftsman, physics, chemistry and electrotechnics, that he immediately available in the office; but not con- may keep posted, and work correctly in his lab- tent to remain a mere draftsman many years. oratory. His fine library indicates scholarship If he is an exceptional man, with the right per- and culture. sonal equation, he may be an acceptable inspector Enough said. We leave it to the student to on works, but this usually requires some previous take some simple principles like the theorems of experience with men and affairs. moments, the law of the parabola or the principle As a possible assistant to a city engineer he of hydrostatic pressure and trace them in their may have to act in either or all of these capaci- various applications throughout the range of en- ties during the first season. gineering practice. The practicians are ever He may be competent to take subordinate re- urging us to stick to the main principles. sponsibilities as mechanical or electrical engineer Other characteristics of the broad technical or foreman. education might be specified, but we must pass In railroad work he must usually begin low on to consider what, by reasonable expectation, down, but, with a fair chance, will win rapid pro- should be the characteristics of the student grad- motion. uate,—the product. Whether in these or other openings, if he is If we ask the officials of the schools, they wise, he will consider himself an humble learner, would doubtless be nearly unanimous in claiming ready to take lessons from foremen and laborers, a rather good article. Some years ago the recent on practical details. He Will avoid manifesting graduates of a college of mechanical engineering self-conceit and "restrain his knowledge" until were recommended to the United States Govern- it is wanted; else he may get a snub from his ment as competent to step in at once and operate chief which he will remember for a lifetime. the engines of the war vessels. If we ask the It is another platitude that many technical young men themselves —? graduates find their way into other pursuits for "Men are born as ignorant as they ever were"; which their studies have indirectly fitted them, but, looking back forty years, we see vastly in- such as contracting, executive positions, scien- creased facilities for the earnest student of to- tific agriculture, etc.; otherwise the number of day; spacious and convenient buildings, well- institutions and graduates would be excessive. equipped shops and laboratories and expansion of We may say, then, that adaptation often is class work and practice courses. Also, in many and always should be a distinguishing charac- institutions, the benefit of the advanced policy by teristic of the competent graduate. Unfortu- which leading instructors are or have been prac- nately opportunities are not always ready to ticing engineers. Yet the conditions of the hand; he ought, then, to know how to "size up" school must ever be artificial, at least in part, the situation and go to work to make one. He since they can not supply the acute sense of re- may have to conduct a campaign, by interview- sponsibility which goads a man on the works un- ing, public speaking, and writing, to educate pos- der an exacting chief. sible clients or the public, as to the value or What, then, are the practicable characteristics necessity of some public improvement or private which we can specify for our graduate (if he enterprise. But the engineer always labors under will not speak for himself)? the odium of one who spends other people's He may be a competent instrument man in all money. Happy is he if he is where such mat- 292 THE ROSE TECHNIC. ters are decided upon their merits. For often he uates often say: "We don't care so much for will be opposed by political influence or private great attainments or brilliant qualities; but we spite. He needs sound judgment, tact and deter- must have men whom we can absolutely trust." mination to disarm opposition and push his work In brief, the crowning characteristic is unquali- wisely. fied trustworthiness. Some months ago a graduate of eight years' The level-headed graduate will not be misled standing wrote to the speaker that he was man- by the familiar talk about "room at the top"; if ager of water works, etc., in a certain town in a he applies the theory of probabilities to himself, State south of the Ohio; that he had made the he will correct that fallacy quickly. Few have surveys and estimates, organized the company, their works known and seen of all men; most of sold the stock, built the water works, with pump- us are "unpraised and unsung." But all should ing station and electric lighting station as an have the noble discontent which ever stimulates adjunct, and had a $5o,000 plant "running to higher endeavor. finely." Rose Polytechnic Institute is working out the Our term characteristic indicates the most im- high ideals of its founder. It is showing its portant quality of all—character. Some cynic students that technical education is not the mere has said that education is but a varnish or polish; appropriation of a mass of information concern- "You silver scour a pewter dish, it will be pewter ing theories, methods and results; but rather the still." This half-truth is so far true that our selection of essential principles and data, and the human result must depend largely upon the ante- co-ordination of these into a sequence of avail- cedent conditions of inherited traits or disposi- able knowledge. It reveals the accumulations of tion and family training. The constant action knowledge and teaches how and where to find and reaction between student and instructors, what the man wants to know. Its practical in- during four or .five years, has produced profes- struction emphasizes and clinches correct theory, sional growth. Given the right moral qualities and makes not a present, but a possible expert. in the man, there has been corresponding growth It plants the germs, arouses the appetite, supplies in character, bringing forth integrity—wholeness. the working principles, and teaches men to In these threatening times of extravagance and "think it out" for themselves; each graduate is corruption, incorruptible honesty in purpose and a good deal of a scientist and something of an action is urgently needed. The test will come artisan, prepared to learn something about every- speedily, as it has to every intelligent man since thing, and, if he lives long enough, to learn Adam. If our graduate has courage to resist the everything about something. It is, indeed, a tempter, even though he may lose present gain, higher institution, a noble instrumentality in the he will surely be in demand when men "find him kingdom of God; its graduates doing devoted out." If he has enough of the love of God, he service, with modesty and efficiency in the up- will have enough of the fear of God to put down building of that kingdom. the fear of man. Employers inquiring for grad- THE ROSE TECHNIC. 293

ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. BANQUET FUND. Receipts— Report of the Twenly-iliird Annual Business Balance on hand June, 1908 $5 85 Cash at the banquet 280 oo—$285 85 Session, Thursday, June 10, 1909. Disbursements— J. N. Wohnhart $187 50

The meeting was called to order at 3 p. m. Cigars and wine 35 00 June 10, 1909, in the gymnasium, with President Menus 15 oo Flowers and janitor ii 55 J. B. Aikman, '87, in the chair. Music 9 so The minutes of the previous meeting were Expressage 8o— 259 35 read and approved., The following report was Balance on hand in Banquet Fund submitted by the treasurer and approved: $26 50 To Rose Polytechnic Alumni Association: LOAN FUND. I beg to submit herewith the following Treasurer's Receipts— report: Balance on hand June, 1908 $605 85 ALUMNI FUND. Interest to May, 1909 24 40—$630 25 Receipts— Disbursements— Loan No. I $270 oo Balance June II, 1908 $307 53 Loan No 2 Dues for 1907-08 since last re- 75 00— 345 00 port $43 00 Balance on hand in Loan Fund $285 25 Dues for 1908-09 174 15-217 15 $524 68 TECHNIC SUBSCRIPTIONS. Disbursements— Receipts and disbursements $6900 Election Committee, for 1908 $36 05 Election Committee, for 1909 35 00—$71 05 MEMORIAL FUND. Executive Committee, for 1908 17 50 Receipts and disbursements $2 50 Executive Committee, for 1909 20 oo-- 37 50 GRAY LIBRARY FUND. Secretary— Subscriptions to date $28 00 Flowers to Mesdames Adams and Burton $6 oo FUNDS ON HAND.

Cigars to Mr. McGibeny 3 50 In Indiana National Bank $37 72 Rose Technic, for Annual Re- In Indiana Trust Company at interest 630 25 ports 13 8o Cash 5 15 Printing, postage, and clerk 59 46— 82 76 Total on hand $673 12 Total disbursements from Alumni Fund... 191 31 The Loan Fund Committee reported that,

Balance on hand in Alumni Fund $333 37 during the last year, two loans have been made 294 THE ROSE TECHNIC. amounting to $345, leaving a balance of $285.25 pumping machinery in the plant of the Louisville in the fund. Water Company. The sentiment was unanimous that the work 4. That the Alumni Association take up and of the committee should be continued, and Mr. actively prosecute a scheme for increasing the Galloway, '89, presented the following motion: working funds of the Institute. "Resolved, That the secretary be authorized to The report of the Advisory Committee shows prepare a detailed statement of the reason for and that the committee is composed of men who are character of the loan fund, explaining fully the work keenly alive and possess a proper appreciation of which has already been • done and the opportunity the possibilities of work by the committee. for further work, and coupling with the explanation The secretary, as retiring alumni representa- a request to each alumnus for further aid in order to increase the fund to at least $5,000." tive, reported orally that the relationship between the Board and the Alumni representatives The motion was seconded by Mr. Peddle, had been most cordial, and that, while no particu- '88, and carried without a dissenting voice. lar thing could be pointed out as having been the The Alumni Advisory Committee reported result of the Alumni representatives, yet, never- that, in addition to several letter meetings, a theless, it was believed that the representation meeting of practically the entire committee was had been beneficial both to the Institute and to held at the Institute Wednesday, June 9, 1909, the Association. representatives from the Indianapolis, St. Louis, The Election Committee reported that votes Louisville, Cleveland, Terre Haute and Pittsburg for Alumni representatives had been scattered groups being present. The order of retirement among fifty-five men, those receiving the highest of the present copmittee was decided by lot as number of votes being Arthur M. Hood,'93, and follows: Indianapolis, Chicago, Louisville, St. Omar C. Mewhinney, '91. The result of the Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburg, New York and final ballot for Alumni representative was Hood, Terre Haute. 172, and Mewhinney, ioo, so that the present The committee reported that it had been un- secretary will continue to serve as representative able to consider, as thoroughly as it desired, sev- for the next two years. eral recommendations that had been made, and For president and vice president the vote was thereupon, upon motion of Mr. Hatch, 'o6, sec- as follows: onded by Mr. Layman, '92, the committee was 0. C. Mewhinney,'91, 64. instructed to proceed with its work and prepare 0. E. McMeans, '96, 58. and send to each alumnus a progress report. H. W. Palmer. 903, 44. Among other suggestions of the Advisory G. M. Davis, '88, 38. Committee were the follpwing: L. A. Touzalin, '04, 29. 1. That chapters of the various engineering H. H. Schwartz, 'Or, 21. societies be organized at the Institute. F. H. Froelich, '99, 14. 2. That an instructor or senior student should Whereupon Mr. Mewhinney was declared be engaged as press agent to keep the Institute elected president and Mr. McMeans vice presi- prominently before the public, by means of news dent. items in the daily papers. After general discussion the Classes of '90, 3. That more of the alumni follow the example '91, '92 and '93 were commended for their pro- of Mr. Krieger, '03, who proposes to prepare and posal to erect a permanent bronze tablet memorial present to the Institute a complete set of blue to Dr. Mendenhall. prints and specification of the installation of Members of the other classes who had the THE ROSE TECHNIC. 295 benefit of instruction and advice from Dr. Men- the Glee Club, and Mr. McGibeny, director of the denhall, while he was president of the Institute, orchestra, the thanks of the Association for their were very insistent that they should be given an services to the organizations with which they are opportunity to contribute, and that the proposed connected, accompanying the same with a suit- memorial take such a form as to show that it was able token of appreciation. The secretary was the joint offering of all those classes. also instructed to convey to Mrs. Burton the Upon motion of Mr. Layman, '92, seconded thanks of the Association for her services to the by Mr. Larson, 'co, the following resolution was Association during the past year, and to accom- introduced and carried: pany the same with a suitable token of remem- "Resolved, That this meeting very cordially in- brance. dorses the voluntary movement started by the New Upon roll call the following men were found York Rose Tech Club for the alumni to acquire the to be present: library of Dr. Thomas Gray and present the same of '86—Foltz, Masterson, Scott. to the Institute; that the secretary be and is hereby Class instructed to take charge of the subscriptions to this Class of '87—Aikman. voluntary fund, and that the secretary, together with Class of '88—Davis, Peddle. the alumni representatives on the Board, constitute Class of '89—Galloway, Hammond, Hen- a committee to cooperate with the library committee dricks, Roberts, Wiley. of the Board in suitably placing and marking the books for the general library." Class of '91—McCormick, Mewhinney, Wales. Upon motion of Mr. Kessler, '97, seconded Class of '92—Layman. by Mr. Foltz, '86, the Executive Committee was Class of '93—Hood, Johonnott. instructed to prepare, and present to Mrs. Gray, Class of '94—Andrews, Blinks, Hedden, Men- proper resolutions relative to the death of Dr. denhall. Gray. The membership, as a whole, displayed a Class of '95—Craver, Darst. great love for Dr. Gray and a keen sense of loss. Class of '97—Am, Kessler, Shaver. Upon motion of Mr. Mendenhall, '94, sec- Class of 'oo—Larson, Richardson. onded by Mr. Hammond,'89, the following reso- Class of 'ot—Hammel, Miller, Piper, Riggs, lution was carried unanimously: Schwartz. "Resolved, That the Association expresses to Mr. Class of '02—Cox. regret that he was himself H. St. Clair Putnam its '03—Blair, Fisher, Wiedemann. unable to be present to deliver the Alumni address, Class of and expresses its thanks for his kindness in pre- Class of '05—Bland, Everson, Hanley, Kadel, paring the same, and its appreciation of its excep- Klenk, Reed. tional and satisfactory character." Class of '06—Butler, Hatch, Johnson. Kelsall, The following Executive Committee was Lawton, Modesitt, Peck, Pote, Carl Wischmeyer, nominated and elected: H. W. Foltz, '86; J. B. H. W. Wischmeyer. Peddle, '88; Carl Wischmeyer, '06. Class of '07—Hall, Post, Schuchardt, H. M. Nominations for president and vice president, Shickel, Trueblood. to be voted on at the next annual meeting, Class of '08—Bernhardt, Fischer, Hathaway, were as follows: W. B. Wiley, '89; Harry A. Stock, Toulson. Schwartz, 'or; S. S. Wales, 'or; J. J. Kessler, Class of '09—Brannon, Brennan, Darst, '97; W. A. Layman, '92; C. E. Mendenhall, '94. Douthett, Frisz, Garrigus, Grammer, Isenberg, Upon motion of Mr. Carl Wischmeyer, '06, McWilliams, Maddex, Piper, Ralston, Rock- seconded by Mr. Layman, '92, the secretary was wood, Smith, Tyler, Wanner, Wickersham, instructed to convey to Mrs. Adams, director of Woody. 296 T HE ROSE TECHNIC.

Upon motion of Mr. Hatch, '06, seconded by W. H. Harris, '91. Mr. Wiley, '89, the Class of 'o9 was admitted to W. A. Layman, '92. membership of the Association, whereupon the Arthur M. Hood, '93. meeting adjourned. E. S. Johonnott, '93. - M. C. Andrews,'94. F. F. Hildreth, '94. ALUMNI BANQUET. J. S. Royse, '94. 0. R. Hedden,'94. The twenty-third annual banquet was held at W. M. Blinks, '94. the Terre Haute House at 8:45 p. m., June ro, C. E. Mendenhall, '94. 1909. E. A. Darst, '95. Contrary to the usual custom separate tables Harrison Craver, '95. were used, so that the men gathered in groups A. G. Shaver, '97. • of eight. J. J. Kessler, '97. The president, Mr. Aikman, presided, and the H. G. Kitredge, '99. following were guests of the Association: Dr. L. H. S. Richardson, 'oo. C. Monin, Dean of the Armour Institute of Tech- C. J. Larson, 'oo. nology and speaker at the commencement exer- Robert N. Miller, 'ot. cises; W. C. Ball and George M. Crane, of the • J. R. Riggs, 'ot. Board of Managers; Dr. Mees, Professors Wick- Max J. Hammel, 'ot. ersham, Willmarth, White, Hathaway, Wagner, R. K. Rochester, 'oi. Bennett, Barnes and Prof. Austin M. Patterson, H. E. Wiedemann, '03.• of the University of Illinois. Also, Mr. J. M. M. W. Blair, '03. Howey, of the Terre Haute Tribune, and Charles J. A. Cushman, '03. T. Jewett, of the Terre Haute Star. C. D. Fischer, Jr., '03. The Alumni present were as follows: R. C. Everson, '05. L. W. Klenk, '05. Benjamin McKeen, '85. J. 0. Bland, '05. Herbert Foltz, '86. M. R. Reed,'05. W. C. Masterson, '86. L. A. Snider, '05. Charles E. Scott, '86. H. R. Kadel, '05. J. B. Aikman, '87. W. S. Stanley, '05. George M. Davis, '88. H. McComb,'o6. John B. Peddle, '88. J. M. Johnson, 'o6. W. R. McKeen, Jr., '89. Carl Wischmeyer, 'o6. D. M. Roberts, '89. C. A. Kelsall, '06. W. B. Wiley, '89. H. W. Wischmeyer, 'o6. V. K. Hendricks, '89. Fred N. Hatch, 'o6. A. J. Hammond, '89. C. M. Lawton, 'o6. J. D. Galloway, '89. J. R. Curry, 'o6. Omar C. Mewhinney, 91. F. W. Pote, '06. R. L. McCormick, '91. E. S. Butler, 'o6. THE ROSE TECHNIC. • 297

C. W. Post, '07. THE DINNER. C. N. Trueblood, '07. "I will never stick at the name or the color, if it be Schuler P. Hall, '07. grateful to the palate."-Montaigne. R. J. Schuchardt, '07. Little-neck Clams. Chas. N. Lammers, 'o8. Tomato Buillon, en tasse. F. H. Reiss, '08. Radishes. Wafers. Pickles. Emil J. Fischer, 'o8. Baked Blue Fish, Italienne. W. Toulson, '08. Potatoes Natural. Sherry. J.' E. Bernhardt, 'o8. Fillet of Beef. Mushrooms. Orion L. Stock, 'o8. Fresh Asparagus. Amos D. Pritchard, 'o9. Mashed Potatoes. Claret. E. W. Klatte, '09. Punch Romaine. George E. Markley, 'o9. Lettuce and Tomato Salad. W. H. Rockwood, '09. Ice Cream and Strawberries. C. L. Douthett, '09. Assorted Cake. Coffee. H. E. Harkness, 'op. Roy F. Tyler, '09. The menu was arranged in the form of a E. W. Piper, 'op. long-distance, trans-continental, non-transferable T. L. Lee, Jr., '09. transportation ticket. H. D. Mosby, '09. Under the inspiration of "Under a Spreading Harold Isenberg, '09. Chestnut Tree the Village Smithy Stands," the Guy V. Woody, '09. toastmaster, Mr. Aikman, proceeded to "knock" W. R. Maddex, '09. with considerable ability, and called upon the fol- Walter H. Garrigus, '09. lowing for responses to the formal toasts: Chas. J. Reilly, '09. "Naughty Nine." R. L. Smith, '09. Alone, alone- all, all alone! Fred C. Kruger, '09. Alone on a wide, wide sea.-Coleridge. Rolla S. Wilson, '09. Richard L. Smith. Robert J. Wickersham, '09. "The Faculty." H. Wayne Curry, '09. But still his tongue ran on, the less of weight it Edward M. Brennan, '09. bore, with greater ease.-Butler. J. M. Darst, '09. Frank C. Wagner. .Edmund T. Buckley, '09. "The Road to Yesterday." Frank W. Armstrong, '09. Backward, turn backward, 0 Time, in your flight! Ivan R. Ralston, '09. Make me a child again, just for to-night! Glenn M. Curry, '09. -Elizabeth Allen. Bernard O'Brien, '09. William R. McKeen, Jr. Harry H. Hummel, '09. "The Future of Rose." Wanner, '09. Frank K. If to do were as easy as to know what were good to Fred J. Frisz, 'op. do, chapels had been churches, and poor men's cottages E. G. Jones, 'op. princes' palaces.-Merchant of Venice. John C. Johnson, '09. William C. Ball. 298 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

"The Quitter." quets this banquet was unquestionably "the best Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good ever." we oft might win, by fearing to attempt.—Measure for Measure. ALUMNI NOTES. Robert N. Miller.

"Shearing Stresses." Owing to the illness of Mr. H. St. C:air Put- nam, who was to have delivered the Alumni ad- . Many go out for wool and come home shorn themselves.—Montaigne. dress at commencement, Mr. Arthur M. Hood, W. Arnold Layman. '93, was prevailed upon to read the speech in his stead. "Taps." So comes a reckoning when the banquet's o'er — The Chicago Rose Tech Club held a dinner The dreadful reckoning, and men smile no more. at the Chicago Engineers' Club May 14, —John Gay. Rooms, Harry R. Kadel. at 6:30 p.m., with twenty-four members present. It was decided at this meeting to have simi- Dr. Monin was also called upon and re- lar meetings three times a year. The officers of sponded in his usual delightful manner. the Chicago club are: Wm. P. Freudenreich, Others were called upon to respond infor- President; C. L. Post, Secretary and Treasurer; mally, among them being Professor Wickersham, C. H. Fry, E. L. Jones, Roy W. Hill, Executive who had not been present at our banquets for a Committee. As we notify only those members of number of years. Professor Wickersham is the Rose Alumni in Chicago and vicinity, we wish to only member of the faculty who has been with extend an invitation to all members of Rose the Institute since its organization, and it was a Alumni to our meetings, and will, if possible, great pleasure to have him present. arrange meetings in advance, so as to notify Following the example of the preceding ban- everybody through the columns of THE TECHNIC INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII

PAGE PAGE ALUM NI NOTES. . . 19, 42, 77,106, 131, 159, 195, 226, 250, 298 Mechanical Analogues of the Electric Circuit. By • Alumni Banquet 296 Prof. E. S. Johonnott 188 Moonshining. By E. L. Ferrell 107 Alumni Business Meeting 293 New Lock and Dam, No. 5, Monongahela River By C. E. Ashcraft '19 ARTICLES. Notes on Land Surveying in Hawaii. By C. B Advisory Committee of the Rose Polytechnic Alumni Andrews 102 Association—A Letter. By W. E. Burke 224 PALMER, H. W.—The Manufacture of Portland Ce- ANDREWS, C. B.—Hawaii • 40 ment 181 ANDREWS, C. B.—Notes on Land Surveying in Panama Canal Zone. By B. L. Kelso 199 Hawaii 102 PEDDLE, PROF. J. B.—An Engineer of the Renaissance 96 An Engineer of the Renaissance. By Prof. J. B PurNAm, H. ST. CLAIR—Conservation of Power Re- Peddle 96 sources 64. AsHcRAFT, C. E.—New Lock and Dam, No. 5, Mo- PUTNA M, H. ST. CLAIR—The Engineer and Conser- nongahela River iI9 vation of Resources 244 BALL, W. C.—Commencement Day Address 257 Recent Improvements in Lifting Magnets. By A. C BALL, W. C.—Founder's Day Address 252 Eastwood 73 BUCKLEY, E. T.—Surf-riding 45 Results versus Ideals in Technical Education. By BURKE, W. E.—Advisory Committee of the Rose Robert Fletcher, Ph.D 281 Polytechnic Alumni Association—A Letter__ 224 ROUTLEDGE, T. E.—Comparison of the Illuminating BURR, W. H.—Construction Work 155 Powers of Modern Arc Lamps 38 Cable Testing in Modern Telephone Plants. By SHICKEL, J. B.—The General Electric Student En- F. H. Kornfeld 161 gineer's Course 193 CA NFIELD, H. R.—Electric Train Lighting 215 Suction Gas Producer Power. By L. P. Tolman 3 Cobalt—Age Five. By Cy. Warman 78 Surf-riding. By E. T. Buckley 45 Commencement Day Address. By W. C. Ball 257 TOLMAN, L. P.—Suction Gas Producer Power 3 Comparison of the Illuminating Powers of Modern The Coal Pile. By H. E. Wiedemann 15 Arc Lamps. By S. P. Hall and T. E. Routledge 38 The Engineer and Conservation of Resources. By Conservation of Power Resources. By H. St. Clair H. St. Clair Putnam 244 Putnam 64 The General Electric Student Engineer's Course Construction Work. By W. H. Burr 155 By J. B Shickel 193 Costs of Railroad Transportation. By Prof. F. C The Manufacture of Portland Cement. By H. W Wagner 150 Palmer 181 CURRY, G. M.—Foreign Exchange. 197 The Rose. By E. F. Folsom 42 EAsTwooD, A. C.—Recent Improvements in Lifting The Westinghouse Apprenticeship Course. By D. D Magnets 73 Wright 126 Electric Train Lighting. By H. R. Canfield 215 Unfair Competition. By A. M. Hood 211 atm, PAUL—Fate for Him. 164 WAGNER, F. C.—Costs of Railroad Transportation 150 Fate for Him. By Paul Eliel 164 WARM A N, CY.—Cobalt—Age Five 78 FERRELL, E. L.—Moonshining 107 WATSON, H. L.—Graduate Student System of the FLErcHER, ROBERT—Results versus Ideals in Tech- Allis-Chalmers Company 190 nical Education 281 WIEDEM ANN, H. E.—The•Coal Pile 15 FoLsom, E F.—The Rose 42 WRIGHT, D. D.—The Westinghouse Apprenticeship Food Adulteration. By Milton Goodman 132 Course 126 Founder's Day Address. By W. C. Ball 252 Gomm AN, MILTON. Food Adulteration I32 ATHLETICS. Graduate Student System of the Allis-Chalmers Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition 142 Company. By H. L. Watson 190 All-State Teams 87 HALL, S. P.—Comparison of the Illuminating Powers Athletics 55, 141, 168, 235, 264 . - of Modern Arc Lamps 38 Award of "Rs" 86 Hawaii. By C. B. Andrews 40 Baseball Schedule 202 HooD, A. M.—Unfair Competition 211 Baseball Games— HOWE, PROF. M. A.—Loop Eyes and Upset Ends on Butler-Rose 269, 270 Steel Rods - 35 DePauw-Rose 233, 271 JonoNNorr, PROF. E. S.—Mechanical Analogues of Eastern Illinois-Rose 231, 234 the Electric Circuit 188 Indiana-Rose 232, 233 Kansas Wheat. By F. C. Kruger 227 Normal-Rose 268, 271 'Cast.), B. L.—Panama Canal Zone. 199 Notre Dame-Rose 270 KOR N FELD, F. 1-1.—Cable Testing in Modern Tele- Purdue-Rose 231 phone Plants 16t St. Viateurs-Rose 269 C.—Kansas KRUGER,. F. Wheat 227 Baseball Review 266 Eyes and Upset Loop Ends on Steel Rods. By Basketball 87, 168 Prof. M. A. Howe 35 Basketball Schedule 55, 110 PAGE PAGE Basketball Games— Important Legal Decision Regarding Trench Exca- DePauw-Rose 139, 171 vation 114 Earlham-Rose 170, 171 Inventor of Tungsten Lamps 113 Franklin-Rose 140 Licensing Engineers 239 Hanover-Rose 169 Machine Building in Japan 208 Indiana-Rose 140 Nautical Charts 62 Normal-Rose Iio, 141 New Fuel IIj Purdue-Rose 169 New Side-rod Locomotive 277 Wabash-Rose 139, 169 New Steel 208 Basketball Review 271 Notable Economy Test 29 Challenge Rush 25 Plating Iron with Zinc 31 Fable in Slang 53 Poisoning from Lead Service Pipes 62 Football Games— Present Practice in Drafting-room Conventions. 90 Butler-Rose 84 Progressiveness and Assininity 238 Earlham-Rose 85 Rapid Plate Punching 147 Eastern Illinois-Rose 27 Rating of Gas Engines 30 Kentucky State-Rose 85 Rebuilding the Quebec Bridge 31 Milliken-Rose 54 Refitting a Worn Pump Piston 113 Vanderbilt-Rose 52 Reinforced Concrete Bridge 6o • Wabash-Rose 52 Repairing a Broken Air Chamber with Portland Ce- Washington University-Rose.. ... 55 ment 115 Football— Rubber Foundations for Steam Turbine 277 Point Winners 86 Safety Device for a Third Rail. 278 Prospects 26 Salt Water for Killing Weeds 148 Review 265 Saving by Purifying Water 238 Season's Wind-up 83 Self-starting Device for A C Motors 178 Pipe Rush 25 State Commission I14 Track— Steel Belts 177 'Election of Captain 86 Superheated Steam—Results from Engines in Serv- Schedule 203 ice 6o Track Meets— Ten-million-pound Testing Machine 177 DePauw-Rose 273 Test of Gas Engines on ships 115 I. C. A. L.-Rose 272 Test of Run-of-mine Coal and Coal Briquets 176 Milliken-Normal-Rose 272 Test of Sewage Pumping Engines 89 Normal-Rose 273 Timber Piles on the Pacific Coast 61 Treatment of High-speed Steel DIFFERENTIALS 28, 56, 88, III, 4.4, 172, 204, 236, 275 60 Use of Electricity in Mines EDITORIALS .1, 59 33, 63, 93, 117, 149, 179, 209, 241 Use of Nickel Steel in Bridge Building 147 Valve Gears 278 . REVIEWS. Wear of Steel Rails 115 Accidents to Workmen 91 Weathering of Coal 30 Welcome News Advertising New Tools 91 29 Allowing for Contraction of Threads in Hardening 92 Aluminum Castings 31 ROSE LEAVES. Army Engineering Corps 89 Alpha Chi Sigma 263 Automobile Damage to Roads 91 Alumni Notes 138 Balancing a Rock Crusher 90 Camera Club 263 Boiler Scale Prevention 32 Civil Work 24 Care of Commutators 238 Civil Camp 21 Central Auxiliary Control 207 Class of 1912 23 Colonel Harvey Ceases the Sea-level Argument 239 Class Officers 24 Concrete Street Paving 32 Commencement Week Program 252 Conductivity and Valuation of Electrical Conductors 278 Dr. Thomas Gray 136 Corrosion of Iron' 31 Freshman Banquet 46 Eighty-cent Gas Decision 146 Freshman Reception 22 Electric Power Cost in Small Stations 146 General Assembly 130 Electrical Tunneling 89 Glee Club and Its Burlesque 50 Engine Running Continuously for Nine Years 62 Graduation Theses 261 Engineering Education 279 Junior Banquet 48 Erecting a ioo-foot Truss Bridge Complete 32 Junior Memorial 49 Expansion of Valves 114 Modulus Dances 167 Five-year Course in Massachusetts Institute of Tech- Museum of Safety and Sanitation 138 nology 61 National Flower 137 Foreword 277 Notice to Alumni Members 260 Gas Equipment for a British Battleship 207 Reviews 230 Graphite as a Lubricant for Gas Engine Cylinders 176 Rose Polytechnic—Past and Present 261 Graphite in Boilers 147 Sophomore Banquet 47 Great Power Enterprise 90 To All Students—Dr. Mees 260 High-pressure Fire Protection of New York 148 Where They Will Be 261 High Steam Pressure in Locomotive Service 277 Y. M. C. A. Notes 51, 230, 262