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Patterns Senior Member of Technical Staff and Pattern Languages Knowledge Systems Corp
Kyle Brown An Introduction to Patterns Senior Member of Technical Staff and Pattern Languages Knowledge Systems Corp. 4001 Weston Parkway CSC591O Cary, North Carolina 27513-2303 April 7-9, 1997 919-481-4000 Raleigh, NC [email protected] http://www.ksccary.com Copyright (C) 1996, Kyle Brown, Bobby Woolf, and 1 2 Knowledge Systems Corp. All rights reserved. Overview Bobby Woolf Senior Member of Technical Staff O Patterns Knowledge Systems Corp. O Software Patterns 4001 Weston Parkway O Design Patterns Cary, North Carolina 27513-2303 O Architectural Patterns 919-481-4000 O Pattern Catalogs [email protected] O Pattern Languages http://www.ksccary.com 3 4 Patterns -- Why? Patterns -- Why? !@#$ O Learning software development is hard » Lots of new concepts O Must be some way to » Hard to distinguish good communicate better ideas from bad ones » Allow us to concentrate O Languages and on the problem frameworks are very O Patterns can provide the complex answer » Too much to explain » Much of their structure is incidental to our problem 5 6 Patterns -- What? Patterns -- Parts O Patterns are made up of four main parts O What is a pattern? » Title -- the name of the pattern » A solution to a problem in a context » Problem -- a statement of what the pattern solves » A structured way of representing design » Context -- a discussion of the constraints and information in prose and diagrams forces on the problem »A way of communicating design information from an expert to a novice » Solution -- a description of how to solve the problem » Generative: -
Neuroscience, the Natural Environment, and Building Design
Neuroscience, the Natural Environment, and Building Design. Nikos A. Salingaros, Professor of Mathematics, University of Texas at San Antonio. Kenneth G. Masden II, Associate Professor of Architecture, University of Texas at San Antonio. Presented at the Bringing Buildings to Life Conference, Yale University, 10-12 May 2006. Chapter 5 of: Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life, edited by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador (John Wiley, New York, 2008), pages 59-83. Abstract: The human mind is split between genetically-structured neural systems, and an internally-generated worldview. This split occurs in a way that can elicit contradictory mental processes for our actions, and the interpretation of our environment. Part of our perceptive system looks for information, whereas another part looks for meaning, and in so doing gives rise to cultural, philosophical, and ideological constructs. Architects have come to operate in this second domain almost exclusively, effectively neglecting the first domain. By imposing an artificial meaning on the built environment, contemporary architects contradict physical and natural processes, and thus create buildings and cities that are inhuman in their form, scale, and construction. A new effort has to be made to reconnect human beings to the buildings and places they inhabit. Biophilic design, as one of the most recent and viable reconnection theories, incorporates organic life into the built environment in an essential manner. Extending this logic, the building forms, articulations, and textures could themselves follow the same geometry found in all living forms. Empirical evidence confirms that designs which connect humans to the lived experience enhance our overall sense of wellbeing, with positive and therapeutic consequences on physiology. -
Open Source Architecture, Began in Much the Same Way As the Domus Article
About the Authors Carlo Ratti is an architect and engineer by training. He practices in Italy and teaches at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he directs the Senseable City Lab. His work has been exhibited at the Venice Biennale and MoMA in New York. Two of his projects were hailed by Time Magazine as ‘Best Invention of the Year’. He has been included in Blueprint Magazine’s ‘25 People who will Change the World of Design’ and Wired’s ‘Smart List 2012: 50 people who will change the world’. Matthew Claudel is a researcher at MIT’s Senseable City Lab. He studied architecture at Yale University, where he was awarded the 2013 Sudler Prize, Yale’s highest award for the arts. He has taught at MIT, is on the curatorial board of the Media Architecture Biennale, is an active protagonist of Hans Ulrich Obrist’s 89plus, and has presented widely as a critic, speaker, and artist in-residence. Adjunct Editors The authorship of this book was a collective endeavor. The text was developed by a team of contributing editors from the worlds of art, architecture, literature, and theory. Assaf Biderman Michele Bonino Ricky Burdett Pierre-Alain Croset Keller Easterling Giuliano da Empoli Joseph Grima N. John Habraken Alex Haw Hans Ulrich Obrist Alastair Parvin Ethel Baraona Pohl Tamar Shafrir Other titles of interest published by Thames & Hudson include: The Elements of Modern Architecture The New Autonomous House World Architecture: The Masterworks Mediterranean Modern See our websites www.thamesandhudson.com www.thamesandhudsonusa.com Contents -
An Introduction to Architectural Theory Is the First Critical History of a Ma Architectural Thought Over the Last Forty Years
a ND M a LLGR G OOD An Introduction to Architectural Theory is the first critical history of a ma architectural thought over the last forty years. Beginning with the VE cataclysmic social and political events of 1968, the authors survey N the criticisms of high modernism and its abiding evolution, the AN INTRODUCT rise of postmodern and poststructural theory, traditionalism, New Urbanism, critical regionalism, deconstruction, parametric design, minimalism, phenomenology, sustainability, and the implications of AN INTRODUCTiON TO new technologies for design. With a sharp and lively text, Mallgrave and Goodman explore issues in depth but not to the extent that they become inaccessible to beginning students. ARCHITECTURaL THEORY i HaRRY FRaNCiS MaLLGRaVE is a professor of architecture at Illinois Institute of ON TO 1968 TO THE PRESENT Technology, and has enjoyed a distinguished career as an award-winning scholar, translator, and editor. His most recent publications include Modern Architectural HaRRY FRaNCiS MaLLGRaVE aND DaViD GOODmaN Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673–1968 (2005), the two volumes of Architectural ARCHITECTUR Theory: An Anthology from Vitruvius to 2005 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2005–8, volume 2 with co-editor Christina Contandriopoulos), and The Architect’s Brain: Neuroscience, Creativity, and Architecture (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). DaViD GOODmaN is Studio Associate Professor of Architecture at Illinois Institute of Technology and is co-principal of R+D Studio. He has also taught architecture at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design and at Boston Architectural College. His work has appeared in the journal Log, in the anthology Chicago Architecture: Histories, Revisions, Alternatives, and in the Northwestern University Press publication Walter Netsch: A Critical Appreciation and Sourcebook. -
Wiki As Pattern Language
Wiki as Pattern Language Ward Cunningham Cunningham and Cunningham, Inc.1 Sustasis Foundation Portland, Oregon Michael W. Mehaffy Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology2 Sustasis Foundation Portland, Oregon Abstract We describe the origin of wiki technology, which has become widely influential, and its relationship to the development of pattern languages in software. We show here how the relationship is deeper than previously understood, opening up the possibility of expanded capability for wikis, including a new generation of “federated” wiki. [NOTE TO REVIEWERS: This paper is part first-person history and part theory. The history is given by one of the participants, an original developer of wiki and co-developer of pattern language. The theory points toward future potential of pattern language within a federated, peer-to-peer framework.] 1. Introduction Wiki is today widely established as a kind of website that allows users to quickly and easily share, modify and improve information collaboratively (Leuf and Cunningham, 2001). It is described on Wikipedia – perhaps its best known example – as “a website which allows its users to add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser usually using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor” (Wikipedia, 2013). Wiki is so well established, in fact, that a Google search engine result for the term displays approximately 1.25 billion page “hits”, or pages on the World Wide Web that include this term somewhere within their text (Google, 2013a). Along with this growth, the definition of what constitutes a “wiki” has broadened since its introduction in 1995. Consider the example of WikiLeaks, where editable content would defeat the purpose of the site. -
Design Patterns Promote Reuse
Design Patterns Promote Reuse “A pattern describes a problem that occurs often, along with a tried solution to the problem” - Christopher Alexander, 1977 • Christopher Alexander’s 253 (civil) architectural patterns range from the creation of cities (2. distribution of towns) to particular building problems (232. roof cap) • A pattern language is an organized way of tackling an architectural problem using patterns Kinds of Patterns in Software • Architectural (“macroscale”) patterns • Model-view-controller • Pipe & Filter (e.g. compiler, Unix pipeline) • Event-based (e.g. interactive game) • Layering (e.g. SaaS technology stack) • Computation patterns • Fast Fourier transform • Structured & unstructured grids • Dense linear algebra • Sparse linear algebra • GoF (Gang of Four) Patterns: structural, creational, behavior The Gang of Four (GoF) • 23 structural design patterns • description of communicating objects & classes • captures common (and successful) solution to a category of related problem instances • can be customized to solve a specific (new) problem in that category • Pattern ≠ • individual classes or libraries (list, hash, ...) • full design—more like a blueprint for a design The GoF Pattern Zoo 1. Factory 13. Observer 14. Mediator 2. Abstract factory 15. Chain of responsibility 3. Builder Creation 16. Command 4. Prototype 17. Interpreter 18. Iterator 5. Singleton/Null obj 19. Memento (memoization) 6. Adapter Behavioral 20. State 21. Strategy 7. Composite 22. Template 8. Proxy 23. Visitor Structural 9. Bridge 10. Flyweight 11. -
From a Pattern Language to a Field of Centers and Beyond Patterns and Centers, Innovation, Improvisation, and Creativity
From a Pattern Language to a Field of Centers and Beyond Patterns and Centers, Innovation, Improvisation, and Creativity Hajo Neis Illustration 1: University of Oregon in Portland Downtown Urban Campus The Campus is located in downtown Portland in adapted old warehouse buildings, and was first designed in the Oregon pattern language method with the principles of pat- terns and user participation. The White Stag building facilities are open since 2009. 144 Hajo Neis INTRODUCTION What we call now the ›overall pattern language approach‹ in architecture, urban design, and planning has grown from its original principle of ›pattern and pat- tern language‹ into a large and solid body of theory and professional work. To- day, pattern theory and practice includes a large number of principles, methods, techniques and practical project applications in which patterns themselves play a specific part within this larger body of knowledge. Not only has the pattern lan- guage approach grown in its original area of architecture, but it has also (though less triumphantly than silently) expanded into a large number of other disciplines and fields, in particular computer and software science, education, biology, com- munity psychology, and numerous practical fields. Nevertheless, we first have to acknowledge that the pattern approach originally started with a single principle almost 50 years ago, the principle of pattern and pattern language that gave the name to this school of thought and practical professional project work. In this article we want to trace some of the theoretical and practical develop- ment of the pattern method and its realization in practical projects. We want to explore how challenges and opportunities resulted in the adaptation of the pattern language method into various forms of pattern project formats and formulations including ›pattern language‹ and ›project language.‹ We want to look at various forms of innovations and techniques that deal with theoretical improvements as well as the necessities of adaptation for practical cases and projects. -
Blueprintsvolume XXVII, No
blueprintsVolume XXVII, No. 1–2 NATIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM In Between: The Other Pieces of the Green Puzzle in this issue: HEALTHY Communities, GREEN Communities Word s ,Word s ,Word s Winter & Spring 2008/2009 The Lay of the Landscape Annual Report 2008 in this issue... 2 8 13 18 19 21 23 In Between: The Other Pieces of the Green Puzzle The exhibition Green Community calls attention to important aspects of sustainable design and planning that are sometimes overshadowed by eye-catching works of architecture. The environmental implications of transportation systems, public services, recreational spaces, and other elements of infrastructure must be carefully considered in order to create responsible and livable communities. This issue of Blueprints focuses on the broad environmental imperative from the standpoints of public health, urban and town planning, and landscape architecture. Contents Healthy Communities, ! 2 Green Communities M Cardboard Reinvented Physician Howard Frumkin, of the Centers for Disease Cardboard: one person’s trash is another Control and Prevention, brings his diverse expertise as B an internist, an environmental and occupational health N person’s decorative sculpture, pen and pencil expert, and an epidemiologist to bear on the public health holder, vase, bowl, photo and business card holder, above: Beaverton Round, in suburban Portland, Oregon, was built as part of the metropolitan area’s Transit-Oriented Development Program. implications of community design and planning. p Photo courtesy of the American Planning Association and Portland Metro. stress toy, or whatever you can imagine. Bring out your o Creating Sustainable Landscapes creativity with these durable, versatile, eco-friendly LIQUID h CARDBOARD vases that can be transformed into a myriad from the executive director 8 In an interview, landscape architect Len Hopper discusses s his profession’s inherent commitment to sustainability and of shapes for a variety of uses in your home. -
Analysis Patterns.Pdf
Symbols for mappings DLKING , : www.dlking.com Generalization notation DLKING , : www.dlking.com Contents Foreword v Foreword vii Preface xv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Conceptual Models 1 1.2 The World of Patterns 4 1.3 The Patterns in this Book 8 1.4 Conceptual Models and Business Process Reengineering 10 1.5 Patterns and Frameworks 11 1.6 Using the Patterns 11 References 14 Part 1. Analysis Patterns 15 Chapter 2. Accountability 17 2.1 Party 18 2.2 Organization Hierarchies 19 2.3 Organization Structure 21 2.4 Accountability 22 2.5 Accountability Knowledge Level 24 2.6 Party Type Generalizations 27 2.7 Hierarchic Accountability 28 2.8 Operating Scopes 30 2.9 Post 32 References 33 Chapter 3. Observations and Measurements 35 3.1 Quantity 36 3.2 Conversion Ratio 38 3.3 Compound Units 39 3.4 Measurement 41 3.5 Observation 42 3.6 Subtyping Observation Concepts 46 3.7 Protocol 46 3.8 Dual Time Record 47 IX DLKING , : www.dlking.com x Contents 3.9 Rejected Observation 48 3.10 Active Observation, Hypothesis, and Projection 49 3.11 Associated Observation 50 3.12 Process of Observation 51 References 55 Chapter 4. Observations for Corporate Finance 57 4.1 Enterprise Segment 59 4.2 Measurement Protocol 65 4.3 Range 76 4.4 Phenomenon with Range 77 4.5 Using the Resulting Framework 82 References 83 Chapter 5. Referring to Objects 85 5.1 Name 86 5.2 Identification Scheme 88 5.3 Object Merge 90 5.4 Object Equivalence 92 References 93 Chapter 6. -
Pattern Languages in HCI: a Critical Review
HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION, 2006, Volume 21, pp. 49–102 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pattern Languages in HCI: A Critical Review Andy Dearden Sheffield Hallam University Janet Finlay Leeds Metropolitan University ABSTRACT This article presents a critical review of patterns and pattern languages in hu- man–computer interaction (HCI). In recent years, patterns and pattern languages have received considerable attention in HCI for their potential as a means for de- veloping and communicating information and knowledge to support good de- sign. This review examines the background to patterns and pattern languages in HCI, and seeks to locate pattern languages in relation to other approaches to in- teraction design. The review explores four key issues: What is a pattern? What is a pattern language? How are patterns and pattern languages used? and How are values reflected in the pattern-based approach to design? Following on from the review, a future research agenda is proposed for patterns and pattern languages in HCI. Andy Dearden is an interaction designer with an interest in knowledge sharing and communication in software development. He is a senior lecturer in the Com- munication and Computing Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University. Janet Finlay is a usability researcher with an interest in design communication and systems evaluation. She is Professor of Interactive Systems in Innovation North at Leeds Metropolitan University. 50 DEARDEN AND FINLAY CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW 2.1. General Software Design Patterns 2.2. Interface Software Design Patterns 2.3. Interaction Design Patterns 3. A SHORT HISTORY OF PATTERNS 3.1. -
Vincent Scully Masterclass Series Returns—Virtually—To the Chicago Architecture Center with “See Like an Architect”
Vincent Scully Masterclass Series returns—virtually—to the Chicago Architecture Center with “See Like an Architect” Registration now open for the second Scully Series, hosted by noted scholar and IIT College of Architecture dean Reed Kroloff and guests For immediate release January 26, 2021 High-resolution images with captions and credits downloadable here Media contact Zachary Whittenburg, Director of Communications, Chicago Architecture Center [email protected], 312-322-1134 CHICAGO – The Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) continues to offer online and remotely accessible programs for audiences of all ages, initiated in April 2020 with participants joining from across Chicago, the United States and overseas. Located at 111 East Wacker Drive in downtown Chicago, the Center remains temporarily closed to visitors. Chicago Architecture Foundation Center River Cruises aboard Chicago’s First Lady, CAC walking tours, admission to the Center itself and other in-person activities will resume in 2021 on dates to be announced. The CAC Design Store remains open 24 hours online at shop.architecture.org. 2021 Vincent Scully Masterclass Series: See Like an Architect Series pass $50, CAC members $40, students and seniors $30 Individual masterclasses $20 each, CAC members $15, students and seniors $10 Following up the inaugural three-part Vincent Scully Masterclass Series, “The Brilliance of American Architecture,” offered by the CAC in spring 2019, “See Like an Architect” examines timeless fundamentals in conceiving and communicating architecture. Three masterful, entertaining explorations of an architecture-informed worldview continue this series inspired by legendary professor, critic and author Vincent Joseph Scully, Jr. (1920−2017), who made his mark through more than 60 years of leading lectures at Yale University, inspiring countless students to pursue a wide variety of career paths. -
"The Architecture of Community" by Vincent Scully Twenty-Fourth
"The Architecture of Community" by Vincent Scully Twenty-fourth Annual Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities National Endowment for the Humanities Washington, D.C. May 15, 1995 IMPORTANT NOTE: For private use only. The text may not be reprinted without written permission from the author, Vincent Scully, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. For further information: NEH, Office of Publications and Public Affairs 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Room 402 Washington, D.C. 20506 Telephone: 202/606-8400 THE 24TH JEFFERSON LECTURE IN THE HUMANITIES May 15, 1995 The Architecture of Community by Vincent Scully Sterling Professor of Art History Emeritus, Yale University Thank you very much. Senator Dodd, I don’t know how I can thank you for that introduction, which is probably the best I’ve ever had. I shouldn’t be surprised, I suppose, since it came from a senator of the United States. I am touched. Also, ladies and gentlemen, I’m upset that you applaud me as I rise, since I fear that you won’t when I subside. However, if we can get past that, I have to say that this is something for which I feel more honored than anything that’s happened in my life. I am also more daunted. It’s the biggest audience, it’s the most distinguished audience, as I can see just by a rapid glance around, and it’s in the nation’s capital. Also, this is in fact a very inopportune time for me to try to give a lecture like this, because I’ve spent the last five months in Los Angeles, and now I haven’t the slightest idea what I think about anything.