Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 863-878 2021 DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2021.124156 Research Article Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province)
Sadr Arhami M.1; Ashja Ardalan A.1*; Nejatkhah Manavi P.1; Moghaddasi B.2
Received: October 2019 Accepted: December 2019 Abstract Benthic foraminifera in coastal sediments of the Persian Gulf were studied at four stations in summer and winter (August and February 2017), to identify and determine the species diversity. Sedimentary specimens were collected by a corer down to the depth of 5cm and by the diver down to the depths of 3, 5 and 10m at every station and transferred to the laboratory after being fixed (by 5% formalin solution). In this study, 10 species belonging to 8 genera and 5 families were identified. The highest abundance of the species is related to family Rotaliidae. Ammonia beccari and Qunqueloculina bicostata were dominant species in the region.The environmental factors including depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, water pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid using CTD and total organic matter concentration and sediment particle diameter were measured. The results of PCA test showed that temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen have an effect on the density of the foraminiferal communities. Also the study results showed that sediment particles (sand / silt + clay, sand / silt, sand and calcium carbonate) are important in determining species densities.
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 Keywords: Foraminifera, Identification, Distribution, Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf
1-Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU),Tehran, Iran. 2-Department of Natural Resources, Savadkoh Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Savadkoh, Iran *Corresponding author's Email: [email protected] 864 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
Introduction species, and northwest Persian Gulf Foraminifera are a group of animals (Nabavi et al., 2014) 93 specieswere belongs to the kingdom protista. identified and introduced in the waters Foraminifera are unicellular creatures of the Persian Gulf. Due to the great which are of a simple structure in the extent of Persian Gulf, there is a primitive forms and a relatively more scattered research on the identification complicated structure in the developed of benthic foraminifera in different Gulf forms. Just as amoeba, the body of coastlines, but a comprehensive study foraminifera is made up of a cell with has not been carried out on this area cytoplasm and nucleus (Ashoori and along the coastline of Persian Gulf. The Najjarzadeh, 2002). present research was to identify benthic Foraminifera have an important role foraminifera and to determine the in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems importance in the study of changes in and are involved in the transfer of the ecosystem caused by various energy to higher levels. The shells of environmental factors. these creatures precipitate after death and participate in the formation of Materials and methods sedimentary rocks(Wu and Shin, 1997). Sediment sampling was carried out in With increasing latitude and depth , the coastal waters of northern Coasts of the diversity of species of foraminifera is Persian Gulf in four stations including reduced (Fairbridge et al., 1979). Assaluyeh, Kangan, Bushehr and The foraminifera are capable to Deylam at three depths of 3, 5 and 10m move slowly in environment. Their in summer (August) and winter movement is controlled by the (February) in 2017 (Fig. 1). Three stretching and pushing mechanism of transects perpendicular to the sea were their pseudopods at a speed of several taken .Samples were collected by a Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 millimeters per hour (Dimiza et al., diver used corer at each station and 2016). fixed with 5% formalin solution. The Persian Gulf is between 30 and Electron images were obtained for 24 degrees north to 56 and 48 degrees species identification. . Identification east of the Greenwich meridian keys were used such as Leoblich and (Khaledi, 2000). Studies conducted in Tappan (1964), Cushman (1969), recent years in the Persian Gulf and the Leoblich and Tappan (1988), and Sea of Oman including the study of the MOOPAM (1999). The relative continental shelf of the Sea of Oman abundanceof foraminiferal species at all (Moghaddasi et al., 2009a) 52 species, depths were determined by counting the region of Busher (Mirdar et al., with SEMduring both seasons. Table 1 2004) 29 species, the coasts of Qeshm shows the geographical coordinates. Island (Sohrabi-Mollayousefi et al., In this study, some of the most 2010) 9 species, the region of important abiotic factors of sedimentary Assaluyeh (Mooraki et al., 2013a) 15 environment, including depth, water Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 2021 865
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen relationship between the extent of these concentration, and seawater pH in the factors and the structure of the biomass. vicinity of the bed surface at each Non-biological factors were measured station and the type of bed sediment by CTD and recorded at the sampling aggregation, percent of total organic stations . nMDS test of foraminiferaand matter and calcium carbonate assay PCA test of environmental factors and were also measured to investigate the substrate particles were conducted.
Figure 1: Map of sampling stations in the Persian Gulf (2017).
Table 1: Geographical coordinates of sampling stations (2017).
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 Station Transect Longitude (N) Latitude (E) )meter(Depth A1 27 : 27 : 32/8 52 : 37 : 77/5 3 A A2 27 : 27 : 19/7 52 : 37 : 57/1 5 (Assaluyeh) A3 27 : 26 : 85/6 52 : 37 : 23/1 10 B1 27 : 50 : 35/8 52 : 01 75/7 3 B B2 27 : 50 : 29/2 52 : 01 : 69/6 5 (kangan) B3 27 : 49 : 57/3 52 : 01 : 53/7 10 C1 8 : 48 : 37/4 50 : 55 : 65/6 3 C C2 28 : 48 : 14/ 7 50 : 55 : 54/9 5 (Bushehr) C3 28 : 47 : 88/7 50 : 55 : 42/9 10 D1 30 : 03 : 37/3 50 : 07 : 95/2 3 D D2 30 : 02 : 79/8 50 : 06 : 91/0 5 (Deylam) D3 30 : 02 : 34/0 50 : 05 : 50/5 10
Comparison of environmental factors factors with diversity and density of between sampling stations was foraminifera, using Pearson correlation performed using one-way ANOVA and test. Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS correlation between environmental Statistics 20 were used to design and 866 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
draw charts. Percentage of biocenose to identified. Ammonia beccarii was taphocenose foraminifera was measured observed in all stations and family at different stations in both seasons. Rotaliidae had the most diversity among the identified families. Scanning Results Electron Microscope (SEM) images and In this study, 10 species belonging to classification of the identified species eight genera and five families were are presented in Table 2 and Fig. 2.
Table 2: Classification of identified benthic foraminifera in the Persian Gulf (2017). Family Genus Species Ammonia A. beccarii Rotaliidae Elphidium E. excavatum Asterorotalia A. dentata
Peneroplidae Peneroplis P. planatus Q. bicostata Hauerinidae Qunqueloculina Q. seminulum Qunqueloculina sp. Spiroloculina S. communis Spirolosulinidae Adelosina Adelosina sp. Textulariidae Textularia Textularia sp.
Results of this study, including different at the depth of 5m. The highest depths, the seasons and species in the percentage of clay weight was observed summer and winter are shown in Tables at Deylam station at the depth of 10 m. 3 and 4. In the two seasons, Kangan On the other hand, the highest weight station had the highest percentage of percentage of silt was measured in
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 benthic foraminifera. The lowest Asaluyeh and Kangan at the depth of abundant is related to the Bushehr 10m. The highest weight percentage of station in summer and Deylam station sand / silt ratio was obtained at the in winter. depth of 5m in Kangan Station and the Ammonia beccari and highest percentage of sand weight / silt Qunqueloculina bicostata were the and clay were measured in Kangan most abundant at most stations. station at the depth of 5 m (Table 7). Qunqueloculina seminulum, Peneroplis To find out the environmental Planatus and Elphidium excavatum characteristics of the bed, calcium were not observed at Bushehr station in carbonate content was measured at each both seasons. The environmental factors station. The minimum mean calcium are shown in Tables 5 and 6. carbonate content at 3 m depth was The results of sediment samples 11.76 (%) at Asaluyeh station and its showed that the highest percentage of maximum was 40.26 (%) at 10 m depth sand weight was at the Kangan station at Deylam station. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 2021 867
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Figure 2: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of benthic foraminifera in the Persian Gulf (2017) (500mm).
868 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
Table 3: Relative abundance of benthic foraminifera in summer (N/cm2), Persian Gulf (2017). Summer (2017) Name of the (Assaluyeh) A (Kangan) B (Bushehr) C (Deylam) D Species A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 Ammonia beccarii 20.52 20.52 26.75 9.05 15.56 4.95 8.06 1.69 1.98 10.61 38.92 4.38 Elphidium excavatum 2.83 0 0 1.55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Asterorotalia dentata 0.84 2.97 0 0 8.20 0 9.2 0 3.68 0 0 0 Peneroplis Planatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qunqueloculina bicostata 6.93 2.68 36.23 12.59 116.91 17.12 5.09 0.99 1.27 6.22 15.56 1.69 Qunqueloculina sp. 1.27 1.069 27.6 2.68 48.83 17.55 2.12 0 0 0 0 0 Qunqueloculina seminulum 1.27 1.98 35.10 3.82 49.25 1.69 0 0 0 0 0 5
Adelosina sp. 12.31 2.12 14.29 12.59 26.32 7.92 4.95 0 0.28 20.52 7.92 2.26 Spiroloculina communis 14.29 3.39 11.04 16.27 44.16 0 5.94 0 2.26 25.19 18.96 4.95 Textularia sp. 2.97 1.27 5.94 8.77 18.11 21.51 8.06 2.12 0 0 3.68 0
Table 4: Relative abundance of benthic foraminifera in winter (N/cm2), Persian Gulf (2017). Winter (2017) Name of the (Assaluyeh) A (Kangan) B (Bushehr) C (Deylam) D Species A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 Ammonia beccarii 16.7 29.72 10.61 16.98 138.71 106.15 0.70 7.92 15.56 2.68 1.69 1.13 Elphidium excavatum 7.5 7.92 4.38 12.03 17.69 48.83 0 0 0 0 0 0 Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 Asterorotalia dentata 0 0 0 1.13 3.96 6.36 0 0 1.69 0 0 0 Peneroplis Planatus 0 0 0 0 1.13 0.42 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qunqueloculina bicostata 2.4 6.51 119.6 191.08 205.23 232.83 2.54 3.53 12.59 4.95 15.71 0.70 Qunqueloculina sp. 0 0.42 12.59 49.82 36.51 41.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qunqueloculina seminulum 1.55 2.54 16.277 36.09 79.97 37.5 0 0 0 1.41 1.13 0
Adelosina sp. 3.82 0 24.2 26.75 31.84 48.83 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiroloculina communis 0 8.91 7.64 27.6 36.23 51.66 0 3.68 8.91 0 10.61 2.97 Textularia sp. 0 0.42 1.55 2.83 6.36 20.52 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Table 5: Environmental factors at stations during the sampling period, Persian Gulf (summer). Dissolved Station Depth Temperature Salinity EC TDS station pH Oxygen (m) (°C) No. (ppt) (µ mho/cm) (ppm) (Mg/l) A1 3 35.49 0.36 cd 7.66 0.2 bcd 29.89 0.6 k 6210040o 5.490.34j 4097644.5p Assaluyeh A2 5 35.34 0.59 cd 7.5 0.4 cd 30.25 0.5 k 6204020p 5.430.3 j 4094727.5g A3 10 39.05 0.55 a 7.51 0.3cd 30.70 0.5k 6200025p 4.36 0.3 k 4092916.37p B1 3 35.93 0.57 bc 8.61 0.45 a 34.8 0.5 hi 6012015t 6.76 0.15 g 3966637.5p Kangan B2 5 35.43 0.33 cd 8.45 0.4 a 34.43 0.3 j 6690036.05e 6.46 0.4gh 4418240d B3 10 35.17 0.5 cd 8.34 0.41 a 32.94 0.8 j 6171032.7q 5.43 0.35 j 4069042.25p C1 3 35.3 0.28 c 8.35 0.3 a 36.23 0.6 efg 6776035bc 6.23 0.15 hi 4471240g Bushehr C2 5 35.1 0.57 cd 8.48 0.41 a 36.1 0.8efg 6550521.7 f 6.17 0.13 hi 4320627.5k C3 10 36.86 0.29b 7.43 0.39 d 35. 62 0.5fgn 655105f 6. 43 0.23 gh 4322820k D1 3 34.2 0.28 d 8.54 0.26 a 37.2 0.4 cde 6900010a 7. 34 0.16ef 4562465d Deylam D2 5 34.98 0.37 cd 8.17 0.15 abc 37.26 0.5 cde 6300030l 7.7 0.1 de 4158280o D3 10 34.98 0.36 cd 7.52 0.36 cd 36.63 0.5 defg 6730018.92d 7.63 0.15 def 4440952.84h
Table 6: Environmental factors at stations during the sampling period, Persian Gulf (winter).
Station Depth Temperature Salinity EC DO TDS station pH No. (m) (°C) (ppt) (µ mho/cm) (ppm) (Mg/L) A1 3 22.24 0.59 e 8.75 0.5 e 36.6 0.7 defg 6540020g 6.540.32gh 4512021.07e
Asaluyeh A2 5 22.21 0.47 e 6.59 0.4 e 35.5 0 ghi 6540010g 6.430.3gh 4513021.07g A3 10 20.34 0.17 e 7.4 0.4cd 37.07 0.8 cde 6235015m 5.83 0.3ij 4300020 i B1 3 20.50 0. 29 f 8.25 0.4 a 36.8 0. 7 def 6426035j 7.66 0.2def 4431020p Kangan B2 5 19.83 0.32 f 8.63 0.4 a 37.03 0.7 cde 6520020h 8.5 0.2ab 4431020i B3 10 18.4 0.38 f 8.37 0.4 a 37 0.8 cde 6151021.7r 7.93 0.15cd 4497040f C1 3 19.7 0.28 g 8.29 0.37 ab 37.77 0.4 cd 6780045.8bc 7.45 0.27ef 4244030m Bushehr C2 5 20.16 0.28 f 8.52 0.44 a 38.08 0.38 bc 6090020 s 7.24 0.14 f 4682023a C3 10 18.76 0.37f 8.75 0.29 a 76.76 0.65cde 6420017.55k 7. 73 0.15 de 4200050m D1 3 18.27 0. 28 g 8.37 0.25 a 39.13 0. 9 ab 6230020n 8. 23 0.15bc 4574048c 6490017. Deylam 18.5 0.9 g 8.57 0.15 a 39.28 0.9 a 8.4 0.2 ab 4474058.10g D2 5 99i D3 10 16.76 0.5 h 8.37 0.20 a 37.34 0.5 cde 6775010c 8.37 0.20 a 4673070b
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 The percentages of calcium carbonate for foraminiferal species (p˃0.05). in different stations are shown in Table Pairwise test comparisons revealed 8. significant differences in species To investigate the effect of season composition between the summer and factors (summer and winter), area winter seasons as well as significant (Asaluyeh, Kangan,Bushehr and differences between Asaluyeh/ Kangan, Deylam) and depth (3 m, 5 m and 10 m) Asaluyeh/ Bushehr, Asaluyeh/ Deylam, on the structure and composition of Kangan/ Bushehr, Kangan/ Deylam and foraminifera species by three-way no significant difference between the ANOVA test (3 -way permutational two Bushehr/ Deylam areas.The MANOVA) was used. Main test results permutational MANOVA - significant showed that season and station had differences in species composition and significant effect on foraminiferal population structure of foraminiferal species composition (p˂0.05) but no communities in different seasons, significant effect on depth composition stations and depths are shown in Table 9. 870 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
Table 7: Weight percentage of sediment particles by droplets at stations, Persian Gulf (2017). station Station No. Depth (m) Sand Clay Silt sand/silt sand/silt+clay A1 3 58 23 19 3.05 1.38 Asaluyeh A2 5 88 11 1 88 7.33 A3 10 28 37 35 0.8 0.38 B1 3 64 13 23 2.78 1.77 Kangan B2 5 89 10 1 89 8.09 B3 10 42 23 35 1.2 0.72 C1 3 35 33 32 1.09 0.53 Bushehr C2 5 28 39 33 0.84 0.38 C3 10 33 39 28 1.17 0.49 D1 3 33 33 34 0.97 0.49 Deylam D2 5 30 37 33 0.9 0.42 D3 10 28 41 31 0.90 0.38
Table 8: Percentages of calcium carbonate in different stations (2017). station Station No. Depth (m) Calcium carbonat (%) A1 3 11.76 Asaluyeh A2 5 31.65 A3 10 13.96
B1 3 19.13 Kangan B2 5 16.76 B3 10 17.13
C1 3 26.69 Bushehr C2 5 13.76 C3 10 23.24
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 D1 3 23.45 Deylam D2 5 29.48 D3 10 40.26
Results of PCA test in the study areas Fig. 3 shows the position of showed that temperature, salinity and foraminiferal species in relation to dissolved oxygen are the main environmental factors. Lines that are environmental factors affecting the taller and closer to the axes, they have density of foraminifer’s species. The the greatest impact on the biological eigenvalues for axes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are community.So, for example, with 0.94, 0.18, 0.13, and 0.009%, increasing salinity, Ambe increases. respectively. The total variance was The solid arrow shows environmental 76%. This chart investigates the impact variables including temperature, of physical and chemical effects on the salinity, pH, total organic matter, biological community (Fig. 3). electrical conductivity, total soluble Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 2021 871
solids and dissolved oxygen, and the and y-axis indicate the greatest impact hollow lines are the foraminiferal of environmental parameters on species species. Larger arrows closer to the x density.
Table 9: Permutational MANOVA - significant differences in species composition and population structure of foraminiferal communities in different seasons, stations and depths, 2017. Factor df MS Pseudo F P (perm) season 1 1778 6.04 0.01* station 3 4010 13.62 0.0005* depth 2 217 0.73 0.6
(Pairwise comparisons( Season t-value P (perm) Summer/winter 2.45 0.015*
Depth t-value P (perm) 5-3 0.13 0.3 5-3 0.52 0.6 10-5 0.7 0.4
Station t-value P (perm) Kangan/asaluyeh 3.29 0.05* Bushehr/asaluyeh 3.83 0.03* Deylam/asaluyeh 3.90 0.04* Bushehr/kangan 3.66 0.03* Deylam/kangan 6.8 0.02* Deylam/bushehr 1.35 0.2 *Significant difference at 5% level
According to PCA diagrams, we saw an increase in density, However temperature, salinity, and dissolved increasing temperature reduced density
Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 oxygen have the most significant effect of foraminifera. Increasing the electrical on the Amonia beccari, conductivity and total soluble solids had Quinqueloculina bicostata and the greatest effect on reducing the Quinqueloculina seminulumso. As the density of three species Textularia sp., salinity and dissolved oxygen increased, Asterorotalia dentata and Adelosina sp. (Fig. 3). 872 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
Figure 3: The position of foraminiferal species in relation to environmental factors, (2017). Species identification key: Ambe: Amonia beccari, Elex: Elphidium excavatum, Pepl: Peneroplis planatus, Qubi: Quinqueloculina bicostata, Qusp: Quinqueloculina sp., Quse: Quinqueloculina seminulum, Adsp: Adelosina sp., spco: Spiroloculina communis, Tesp: Textularia sp., Asde: Asterorotalia dentata.
Results of PCA test in the study area axes indicate the greatest influence of showed that sediment particles (sand/ sediment parameters on species density. silt + clay, sand/ silt, sand, atman index According to PCA diagrams, the and calcium carbonate) are the main foraminifera species, especially factors affecting the density of Asterorotalia dentata, Amonia beccari, Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 foraminiferal species (Fig. 4). The Spiroloculina communis, eigenvalues for axes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are Quinqueloculina bicostataand, 0.85, 0.07, 0.004, and 0.002%, Quinqueloculina seminulum had the respectively. The amount of variance is most impact on sand/ silt + clay, sand/ 94%. silt, sand, Atman and carbonate indices. The diagram shows the position of Their density increases with increasing foraminiferal species in relation to amount of sand/ silt + clay, sand/ silt sedimentation factors. The solid arrow and sand and decreases with increasing shows sediment variables including concentration of Atman and calcium sand/ silt + clay; sand/ silt, sand, carbonate (Fig. 4). calcium carbonate, silt, clay, silt, carbonate and silicate phases, and hollow lines are foraminiferal species. Larger and closer arrows to the x and y- Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 2021 873
Figure 4: The position of foraminiferal species in relation to sedimentation factors, (2017). Species identification key: Ambe: Amonia beccari, Elex: Elphidium excavatum, Pepl: Peneroplis planatus, Qubi: Quinqueloculina bicostata, Qusp: Quinqueloculina sp., Quse: Quinqueloculina seminulum, Adsp: Adelosina sp., spco: Spiroloculina communis, Tesp: Textularia sp., Asde: Asterorotalia dentate.
Discussion and station influenced the composition Benthic foraminifera are among the of foraminiferal species (p˂0.05). most important and abundant However, the effect of depth on Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 microbenthos in aquatic environments. foraminiferal species composition was The results of the present study in not significant (p˃0.05). Pairwise test Bushehr province showed that the showed significant differences in foraminifera was present at all stations species composition between the two in both seasons, but their diversity and seasons, i.e. summer and winter as well density was different in various stations as significant differences between and depths. The abundance of Asaluyeh/ Kangan, Asaluyeh/ Bushehr, foraminifera was higher in summer than Asaluyeh/ Deylam, Kangan/ Bushehr, in winter. Kangan/ Deylam areas and no The results of PCA test in the study significant difference between the two area showed that temperature, salinity Bushehr/ Deylam. and dissolved oxygen are the main Due to the close physical environmental factors affecting the relationship between the density of foraminiferal species. The macrobenthoses and the surrounding main test results showed that season 874 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
sediments, strong correlation patterns The results showed that the species between the sedimentary particles and Ammonia beccarii, Qunqueloculina the macrobenthoses are observed bicostata and Spiroloculina communis (Chapman and Tolhurst, 2007; are the dominant species of the study Anderson, 2008). However, numerous area. A. beccarii was the dominant studies have been reported poor species in the summer, and it is the correlations between macrofauna and most abundant species in the world, and sedimentary particles (Wu and Shin, has been introduced in previous studies 1997; Barnes and Villiers, 2000) and in the Persian Gulf as the most the reason for such factors are as abundant species in the study area hunting and predation (Hines et al., (Mostafawi, 2003). This could be due to 1997), physical disturbances (Thrush the high resistance of this species to the and Dayton, 2002), infection (Gray, harsh and stressfull environments . A. 1992), and factors influencing beccarii had the highest abundance at colonization (Wu and Shin, 1997; Kangan Station in the summer and less Lundquist et al., 2006). The difference abundant in other stations. This species of sedimentary particles is of crucial has been observed in the Persian Gulf importance in the way of )Mooraki et al., 2013, 2018) and in the macrobenthoses because their feeding northern and southern of the Oman Sea strategy (Zhuang and Wang, 2004) and (Moghaddasi et al., 2009b). It has been larval seating on the bed (McLachlan et observed in the east of Qeshm Island by al., 1995) depend on the type of Ashkpour et al. (2016) and in Kish sedimentary particles. Island by Sohrabi Molla Yousefi et al. In the present PCA study, silt-clay (2011). and sand (long and near-axis arrows) The most abundant species of the are the first two factors affecting the present study was Qunqueloculina Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 density of the most abundant bicostata at Kangan Station in winter. macrobenthos in the stations. Most of The genus Qunqueloculina has the most the differences between the species diversity and high abundance in characteristics of the sedimentary winter at the Kangan station, but it was environment at the sampling stations not observed at Bushehr Station in both are related to the results of the sediment seasons. This genus was observed in identification section as well as the previous studies in the Persian Gulf by topographic location of the study Mooraki et al. (2018) in Hormuz Island, stations . Therefore, at Kangan Station, Moghaddasi et al. (2009b) in the Oman it has the highest percentage of clay, silt Sea, Eskandari et al. (2008) on the and sand, and as a result, the northern and eastern coasts of Kish foraminiferal density is high at this Island, and Sohrabi Molla Yousefi et al. station in summer. (2008) in the islands of Kish and Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(3) 2021 875
Qeshm. It is one of the index species of studies in the Persian Gulf (Mooraki et Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. al. 2018), was abundant in all stations Peneroplis Planatus was seen only in both summer and winter. Also, the in Kangan station in winter. This Adelosina sp was observed at all species has been observed in the study stations studied in both seasons, in by Sohrabi Molla Yusefi et al. (2007) addition to Bushehr and Deylam. as well as by Eskandari et al. (2008) Peneroplis planatus was observed around Kish Island, which could be due only in winter at the Kangan station , so to environmental adaptation to the this can be considered as the index climatic conditions of Kish Island, as a species of Kangan station. result of the similarity of the climate Considering the combination of and environmental conditions of Kish benthic foraminifera communities in the Island with our study areas.In addition, Persian Gulf, the Hauerinidae family is the genus Peneroplis hasbeen reported the most abundant at Asaluyeh and in Mooraki et al. (2013b) in Naiband Bushehr stations in summer and winter, and Haleh area as well as in Qeshm nonexistent or very limited at other Island (Ashkpur et al., 2016). stations. Spiroloculina communis species was It can be concluded that species not observed at 3 meter depth in winter diversity of the foraminifera is lower in but was observed at other depths. Depth our stations than other regions of the is one of the most important factors Persian Gulf, which could be due to the affecting the distribution pattern and absence of the habitats characteristics demographic structure of benthic required by foraminifera. Investigation foraminifera (Mostafawi, 2003). of foraminifera is recommended in Qunqueloculina sp. , Adelosina sp. and more stations and higher depths in the Textularia sp. were exclusively related Persian Gulf in order to obtain more Downloaded from jifro.ir at 14:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 to the Kangan and Assalouye stations in accurate relation between density and the winter. Species of Elphidium environmental variations in the region. excavatum, Asterorotalia dentata, Peneroplis Planatus and References Qunqueloculina sp. have not been Anderson, M.J., 2008. A new method observed at Deylam station in both for non-parametricmultivariate seasons, and their presence may be due analysis of variance.Austral Ecology, to certain environmental conditions that 26, 32-46. DOI:10.1111/j.1442- are not observed at the intended station. 9993.2001.01070.pp.x Asterorotalia dentate was observed Ashkpour, A., DoostShenas, B., sparsely at three stations in the summer Nabavi, S.M.B. and Sakhaee, N., and two ones in the winter. 2016. Biodiversity study and Genous Spiroloculina, which has identification of foraminifera been reported only in a few previous communities in the east of Qeshm 876 Sadr Arhami et al., Identification and distribution of benthic foraminifera in coastal waters of …
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