ARIT NEWSLETTER American Research Institute in

President Number 56, Spring 2014 A. Kevin Reinhart etter from the resident Immediate Past President L P G. Kenneth Sams ARIT’s most notable event in 2014 was a special meeting for delegates on January 20. Vice President With the anthropologist Brian Spooner acting as major domo and chief interlocutor, the Nicolas Cahill Secretary Board of Directors, a number of delegates, and a few other interested friends participated TBD in a lively and too-short discussion concerning ARIT’s future. There was a great deal of Treasurer satisfaction expressed at the growth of ARIT from a shaky conviction in the minds of its Maria deJ. Ellis founders to the well-established and well-respected institution it is today, comprised of two Directors Bülent Gültekin hostels, libraries, and offices, and two permanent field directors as well as a permanent -ex Gottfried Hagen ecutive director in . As for our discussions of ARIT’s future, the result was, it Kathleen Lynch Beatrice Manz seems to me, mostly more questions, albeit excellent ones. Perhaps this is the right starting Catherine Millard place for thinking about the future. Sylvia Önder Christopher Roosevelt It was generally agreed that ARIT needs to continue some of the activities it has long Honorary Director supported. It is hard to imagine a situation in which the expertise of Turkey’s field directors Lee Striker will not be an essential requirement for North American scholars coming to Turkey. It is Institutional Members equally hard to imagine a time when our program in Advanced Turkish will not be essential Archaeological Institute of America University of Alabama for scholars. Indeed, given the fall-off in US language instruction, it may be that we will University of Arizona need to augment further our language offerings if there are to be masters of Turkish among University of Arkansas Binghamton University North American scholars – and also diplomats, researchers, and business people. Boston University There was additional agreement that Turkey has changed so much in the past 50 years, Brown University Bryn Mawr College that research on and in Turkey has so altered, and indeed that the craft of research itself has University of California, Berkeley been so transformed, that ARIT is also bound to change. This understanding raised a host University of California, Los Angeles of important questions. What kinds of libraries are appropriate when books, journals, and University of California, San Diego University of Chicago primary sources are increasingly online? What kinds of hostel facilities are appropriate University of Cincinnati when more and more humanities and social science scholars can visit Turkey only for short Columbia University Cornell University stays, and archeologists no longer visit regularly for conferences or research? Will The Council of American Overseas Ankara see an increase in historians and political scientists as more and more archives open Research Centers Dartmouth College up in the capital? Turkish scholars are more and more internationally-oriented, and are more Duke University and more interested in collaboration. Should we more actively sponsor and facilitate such Dumbarton Oaks Emory University collaborations, including fund-raising for them? Georgetown University On another level, the end of the Cold War has meant a decline in funding for what some George Mason University dismissively call “Area Studies” (meaning actual expertise in the language, culture and his- Harvard University University of Illinois tory of a country). It has also meant that Turkey is no longer isolated as it was in the 1960s, Indiana University from its neighbors in Russia and the former Soviet Union, from Eastern Europe, the Arab Metropolitan Museum of Art University of Michigan World, and even Iran. Consequently, national boundaries no longer constrain research or Michigan State University the topics of research, as they once did – or Turks or for North Americans. On the other University of Nebraska New York University hand, various developments have made countries once receptive to research, such as Syria University of North Carolina or Egypt, much more difficult to access than was the case only a few years ago. Will this Northwestern University Ohio State University result in increased numbers of Arabists coming to use the manuscript and printed resources University of Pennsylvania of the National Library, University Libraries, the Süleymaniye, and even ISAM? Portland State University Princeton University We have defined ourselves as facilitators of scholarship: we help others get grants, get Stanford University archeology permits and ikâmets, and so on. But should we be more active in sponsoring Texas A & M University conferences, finding grants for projects, initiating projects? These are some of the ques- University of Texas, Austin University of Toronto tions that were asked in Philadelphia that Monday. Some of the questions imply an answer. Tufts University Some are genuinely interrogatory. Readers of the Newsletter are encouraged to send their Tulane University University of Utah observations about changes and suggestions for ARIT’s course over the next 50 years to: Washington University, Saint Louis [email protected]. University of Washington Yale University A. Kevin Reinhart ARIT- Branch News

In terms of research interest, our guests have worked in Istanbul Branch News the following fields: Classical and pre-classical Archeology: 7% Despite a bewildering growth in the number of new Antique and Byzantine history and archeology: 9% academic programs and foreign exchange programs using Ottoman History/Culture and the Islamic Middle East: Istanbul as their base, including the recent founding of new 44% research centers and institutes, ARIT continues to maintain Turkey and surrounding region in the 20th C. (social a distinctive presence in the academic scene in Istanbul. It sciences and humanities): 26% offers, in its own modest way, a unique haven for visiting Other: 14% scholars where one can find privacy and space to do research On the research front in Istanbul, there is the good news in a pleasant and stimulating environment. As a result ARIT that the Topkapı Library has finally re-opened, so that now Hostel use remains high – over 60% occupancy for the – for the first time in years – the major Ottoman archives at year – and close to capacity for most of the period between Topkapı, Süleymanye and the Başbakanlık Archives are all late May to October. open. The Naval Museum has also re-opened in splendid Recently we had the chance to gather statistics on ARIT new quarters. On the down , however, the Archaeology Istanbul hostel use. While the results did not come as a Museum is undergoing extensive restorations which will surprise to those of us at the Institute, they may be of interest keep major parts of it shut on a rotating basis and limit still to others. For example, this past year, the U.S. institution further access to depots. best represented among the hostel guests was New York Scholars entering Turkey on a tourist visa should University with 5 guests, followed by Yale and Princeton also be aware that they need to get their visas on-line with 3 guests each, and Michigan, Ohio State, Toronto, in advance of arrival, a simple enough procedure that Berkeley and Georgetown with 2 guests each. Scholars hopefully will not cause problems. Those planning to from outside North America were most often affiliated with stay longer than three months and/or to get a residence permit should also be warned that new regulations in this regard are just being promulgated, and should check government websites for further information. Work on the digitization of the archives of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions continues apace. Over the summer and fall months, Diane Ryan, an archivist whose trip to Turkey was supported by an NEH grant, worked with Librarian Brian Johnson and interns supplied by SALT Research to set up guidelines for a digital cataloguing procedure for the collection. Together they Double room in the ARIT Istanbul hostel created a preliminary catalogue of a sampling of boxes from the Archives, universities in Bulgaria (5), Israel (3), and Greece (2). and towards the end of Diane’s stay The statistics confirmed that a majority of Istanbul hostel began work on a specific selection of guests are scholars working on some aspect of the Ottoman documents that would be the first to and Islamic period past in the Eastern Mediterranean, that go up on-line. For this pilot project, most of them are from North American universities, and, they chose the records of the Near perhaps a little surprisingly, that a majority of them are not East Relief Agency, including inter- graduate students but are faculty or post-docs. Over the office correspondence and the initial past ten years, we find that: mimeographed versions of it bulletin, 72% of our hostel use has been by scholars affiliated ACORNE, items that document its with North American institutions efforts to provide humanitarian aid 28% by scholars from elsewhere in the world. in and surrounding regions Additionally, we learned that: Near East Relief during and after the First World promotional booklet 54% have been faculty or staff War. Since Diane’s departure at the 46% have been graduate students. from 1920

2 beginning of 2014, Brian Johnson and SALT research interns Professor Panagiotis C. Poulos (Department of have completed this work. The material is accessible now Turkish and Modern Asian Studies, University of through the Istanbul Digital Library webpage [http://www. Athens) “Private Spaces, Public Concerns: Music House- dlir.org/arit-aba-home.html] or through SALT research. gatherings in Istanbul from the late Ottoman Empire to Meanwhile ARIT’s own in-house digitizing project the Turkish Republic” also continues, with support from a State Department Professor Bülent Arıkan (Department of Ecology and grant. All the American Board personnel cards are on- Evolution, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul line, as are the Board Memorial volumes and all but a few Technical University) “The Best of Both Worlds: The issues of their in-house newsletter, Dear Friends. Some Methods of Computational Modeling in Archaeology” 300 pamphlets remain to be completed. After this our next goal is to digitize the very rare Karamanlica and Armeno- Professor Fariba Zarinebaf (Middle East and Islamic Turkish versions of The Messenger, the journal published Studies, University of California-Riverside; Senior by the Board in the late 19th century. For this effort we will Fulbright Scholar) “The Capitulations and their Impact need new funding, and we would welcome any suggestions on the Rise of an Ottoman Bourgeoisie in Istanbul” from readers on where we might find it. Emily Neumeier (ARIT and Fulbright-Hays Fellow, Due to budget cutbacks, library growth has been PhD Candidate, Department of Art History, University of slow. Purchasing was restricted to essential journals and Pennsylvania) “Building the Baroque in Anatolia: The special focus areas. Donations, which have always been Çapanoğlu Family and the Architectural Transformation an important component of our growth, accounted for 75% of Yozgat” of new books acquired this past year. As a result we’re more than especially grateful to the following individuals Dr. Sabine Freizer (Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council, for their recent donations: Suraiya Faroqhi, Charles Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Center) “Turkey-Armenia Gates, Peter Graham, Özlem Güçlü, Tony Greenwood, Reconciliation and the Nagorno-Karabakh Challenge” Maureen Jackson, Brian Johnson, Evi Katsara, Karen Dr. Bobbie Sumberg (Curator of Textiles and Costume Kern, Peter Kuniholm, Nenad Moacinin, John Scott, and Curator of African Art, Museum of International Baha Tanman, and Daniel Waugh. And to the following Folk Art, Santa Fe, New Mexico) “Young Brides, Old institutions: Boğaziçi University, Güvenç Abdal Derneği, Treasures: Macedonian Embroidered Dress” Istanbul Belediyesi, Koç University, and Tarih Vakfı. The Institute lecture series appeals to a wide range Finally, the Institute was pleased this spring to welcome of audiences – from hostel residents, to visiting graduate the Council of American Overseas Research Centers to students and researchers around the city, to local academia, Istanbul to hold their bi-annual meeting of the directors to interested members of our Friends group – and provides of overseas centers. Some 40 directors and others from a unique environment for them to interact. Ten lectures 20 centers in countries ranging from Mexico to Indonesia were given at the Institute between the summer of 2013 met together at the Armada Hotel for three days to renew and the winter of 2014, with subjects ranging from current Turkish politics to computer modeling of the ancient past. The following lists the talks in chronological order of presentation: ARIT Istanbul Address: Ms. Elizabeth Angell (PhD. Candidate, Department Dr. Antony Greenwood of Anthropology, Columbia University) “Waiting for the ARIT - Istanbul Earthquake: Life in a Seismic Cityscape” Üvez Sokak No. 5 Professor Cengiz Şişman (Department of History, Arnavutköy, İstanbul Furman University) “Failed Proselytizers or Modernizers? 34345 Turkey The Rise and Fall of Protestant Missionary Activities among the Ottoman Jews and Sabbatians/Dönmes in the For ARIT Center: Nineteenth Century” Tel: (011-90-212) 257-8111 Fax: (011-90-212) 257-8369 Professor Jenny B. White (Department of E-Mail: [email protected] Anthropology, Boston University) “Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks” For Hostel Guests: Professor Joshua White (Department of History, Tel: (011-90-212) 265-3622 University of Virginia) “Piracy and Law in the Early Modern Ottoman Mediterranean” 3 acquaintances, share views and experiences, and discuss Turkey, as well as two social events: an open house in the operating procedures. The only downside to an otherwise fall and a meyhane evening in mid-winter. An additional pleasant and profitable meeting was the knowledge that this three trips (to Phrygia, to the Lycian coast, and to Ber- was the last time we would all be meeting together under lin) were undersubscribed and had to be cancelled. When the leadership of Dr. Mary Ellen Lane, the founder of one includes the annual dinner, the Friends raised roughly CAORC, who will be retiring at the end of May. Many of $30,000 over the course of 2013, $12,000 of which has so far the centers represented have been founded or have grown been donated to ARIT to be used for fellowships for Turk- tremendously during the course of her tenure. ARIT is ish scholars at U.S. universities. The Steering Committee certainly one of the latter, and to express our profound has also continued with its efforts to raise money from the gratitude, during the final dinner cruise ARIT Director corporate sector in Turkey. Admittedly, it has been a learn- Nancy Leinwand presented Mary Ellen with a large and ing experience: in spite of much positive feedback and on- awe-inspiring copy of the ring of Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana), going dialogue with some potential donors, no significant symbolic of the overseas research empire that Mary Ellen contributions have so far been forthcoming. However, the has created. We wish Mary Ellen the best, and I’m sure we Friends have no intention of giving up such efforts. shall all do our best to keep the overseas research network Among the first-time tours that FARIT organized over this she has created flourishing. period were tours to Southern Bulgaria (with Emin Saa- tci) and to Romania. The Bulgaria trip was a follow-up of earlier tours that FARIT has made to western Thrace in the footsteps of the early Ottomans. This time they went just across the border into the mountains of south-central Bulgaria, in the region around present-day Smolyan. This is an area of wild natural beauty (at its best in the late spring and early summer when the wild flowers are everywhere), a region of small towns which feature few large public monu- ments, but are instead highlighted by extensive and beauti- fully preserved domestic architecture from the 19th century, including the Agushev Konak, which is reputed to be the largest wooden konak still remaining anywhere from Otto- man times. Mary Ellen Lane presiding over the CARC Overseas Center Directors meeting in Istanbul

Istanbul Friends of ARIT News

Five years ago, the Istanbul Friends were formally ac- cepted as a legal Turkish association, the Association for the Support of Academic Research (Bilimsel Araştırmaları Destekleme Derneği, or BADD). It has taken some years to come into full conformity with the Associations Law, and the Friends have only just now completed their first proper year in this status. By all accounts it has been a very suc- cessful year in terms of activities and fundraising, and any doubts about the wisdom of pursuing a formal status seem Agushev Konak in Mogolitsa, Bulgaria to have been put to rest. In particular the fears that legaliza- In the early Fall, the Friends traveled to Romania, flying tion would flood the Friends coordinator,Tülin Kenber, in into Bucharest and journeying north by bus in a large coun- extra paperwork (and thereby limit the amount of activity ter-clockwise circle that eventually led back to Bucharest. FARIT could manage) have so far proved unfounded. In Among the highlights of the trip were the painted churches fact, simply by making it legally possible for the Friends of Southern Bucovina, the rural heartland of Maramureş, to process credit cards, the changeover has increased the the well preserved medieval towns of Braşov, Cluj, Sibiu efficiency of the office, as well as making payment much and Sighişoara, the fortified churches and castles of Tran- easier for participants. sylvania, and of course the castle of Vlad the İmpaler (a.k.a. In the period from July 2013 through March 2014, the Dracula). Much of the trip was through mountainous areas Friends successfully ran eight trips in and outside of of wild natural beauty.

4 tures; a study of the historic boats of the Bosphorus wa- terways with Gencer Emiroğlu, a highlight of which are the Sultan’s galleys in the Naval Museum (now finally open to the public); and a full-day stroll through Galata and Karaköy led by İnci Türkoğlu. This latter trip began at the upper entrance to the Tünel, proceeded on foot through Galata and down through Şişhane to Perşembe Pazarı, and from there through Karaköy to Tophane, ending up at the Kılıç Ali Paşa complex. The focus was on the historic set- ting and the character of the districts they were walking through, as well as on the buildings and monuments they passed. They entered only a few buildings along the way, including the Ashkenazi Synagogue, the Church of St. Peter Peles Castle in Romania and Paul, the Arap Camii, the Jewish Museum, the Yeraltı Also in the Fall was a new, expanded version of our clas- Camii and the Saint Krikor Lusavoriç Church. sic trip to Hittite sites in central Anatolia, led again by Professor Çiğdem Maner of Koç University. This time the trip began in Ankara, and went first to Gavur Kalesi (an im- portant Hitite and Phygian settlement south of Ankara), and then east to Shappinuwa. This stunning new excavation has uncovered cuneiform tablets which reveal that the site was a seat of the Hittite king and a garrison site for the Hittite army, with temples, dwellings and several workshops. From there the trip continued on to Boğazköy and Yazılıkaya, to Fraktin (near Kayseri, an important Hittite rock carving in the moutains), and to Kültepe (Kanesh-Karum). The latter is one of the largest mounds in Anatolia, an early Assyrian trading colony and Hittite capital, and site of the earliest A toast to John Freely at Despina written records of any Indo-European language. Social activities included a gathering of Friends at the Other trips that were repeats included: our much–loved Galata Meyhane, a serious effort to chase off the winter tour of the Ottoman waterworks in Belgrade Forest blues with traditional music, meze and rakı, and a special with Gencer Emiroğlu; a tour of underground Istanbul 86th birthday party for the famous history and travel writer, led by Professor Feridun Özgümüş, an adventure that took and ARIT supporter and frequent ARIT guide, John Freely, the FARIT group all over the ancient city in search of little in the garden of Despina, one of his favorite traditional Is- known underground cisterns, basements and other substruc- tanbul restaurants.

ARIT-Ankara Branch News of an archaeological site as well as coring projects (i.e. the Ankara Branch News extraction of soil from archaeological sites or lake beds in The energetic social and political atmosphere in Turkey order to collect a sample of archaeological, geological and continued to occupy the backdrop of life in Ankara through- ecological stratigraphy). We will learn more about the con- out the summer and the fall months. The North American cerns and the expectations of the General Directorate at the archaeological projects carried out fieldwork through the 36th International Symposium of Excavations, Surveys summer season of 2014, notwithstanding several constraints and Archaeometry at the Museum in Gazian- the yönerge issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s tep, which traditionally takes place during the last week of General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums. May, but is moved this year to June 2-6, 2014. Some of these constraints include the prohibition of taking The W. D. E. Coulson and Toni M. Cross Aegean Ex- samples, collected from archaeological material, out of the change Fellowship competition was held in December country for analysis at specialized labs and collecting pot- 2013. Three scholars were awarded funding in order to tery and other small finds for recording and analysis dur- carry out short-term research in Greece during 2014. Bil- ing field surveys. These restrictions also include collecting lur Tekkök, who is a Professor at Başkent University (Art seed and plant samples from the immediate environment History and Museum Studies), is planning on completing 5 her work on the post-Bronze Age pottery from excava- newsletter issues into our collection. We are particularly tions with project, “Helenistik ve Roma Dönemi Troia (Il- grateful to our institutional and individual donors: Süha ion) Batı Kutsal Mekanı Sermaikleri ve Kült Üzerine / The Aydın, Christine Biggs, Elif Denel, Bilgi and Serim De- Hellenistic and Roman Sanctuary of Troy (Ilion); the Pot- nel, Aykan Erdemir, Alan Fisher, Charles Gates, Ömür tery and Cult Practices.” Professor Onur Yıldırım from Harmanşah, Evi Kastaras, Peter Ian Kuniholm, Renée Middle East Technical University (Economy) is carrying Lane, Christopher Ratté, Patricia Ülkü, Lee Ullmann, out research on “Yunan Aydınları ve Yunanistan - Türkiye Ayşin Yoltar Yıldırım, Mersin University, Akdeniz Nüfus Mübadelesi, 1923-1936 / Greek Intellectuals and the University - Mediterranean Civilizations Research In- Greco-Turkish Exchange of Populations - 1923-1936”, and stitute, Australian Association Inc., Hazar Strateji En- would like to investigate the careers and private lives of stitüsü, Koç University, Mersin University - Research Greek intellectuals in order to understand their contribu- Center for Cilician Archaeology, and the Smithsonian tion to the dynamics before, during and after the exchange Institution Library. of populations between Greece and Turkey. Tülin Selvi Twenty-nine users of a wide range of academic institu- Ünlü is a Ph.D. candidate at Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir tions and backgrounds visited the library 158 times. In- and is also currently employed as research assistant at Mer- stitutions represented by 11 graduate students, two under- sin University, Architecture Department. In order to car- graduates, two BA and 14 PhD holders include: Ankara ry out research for her project, “Doğu Akdeniz’de Liman University, Bilkent University, Gazi University, Hacettepe Kentlerinin Mekansal Gelişimine İlişkin Karşılaştırmalı bir University, Middle East Technical University, Bitlis Uni- Analiz: Mersin, Patras ve Volos / A Comparative Inquiry - versity, Çukurova University, Istanbul Technical Univer- Analysis into Spatial Evolution of Eastern Mediterranean sity, Koç University, Selçuk University, the University of Port Cities’ Development: Mersin, Patras and Volos”, she Pennsylvania, Gonzaga University, Birmingham Univer- plans to visit various archives at Athens, Thessaloniki, Pa- sity, Democritus University of Thrace, and the New Bul- tras and Volos and conduct research under the guidance of garian University at Sofia. We also had two independent Professor Emerita Vilma Hastaoglou-Martinidis (School of scholars and one Friends of ARIT member rely on our li- Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) while in brary for their research. Greece. Visitors who use the Ankara ARIT hostel came as usual from numerous countries and a variety of academic back- Ankara Friends of ARIT News grounds. Institutions represented by the visitors include: New York University, Bryn Mawr College, Gonzaga Uni- The Ankara Friends continued to support ARIT by orga- versity, Tufts University, Southern University at Carbon- nizing trips and sponsoring the lectures that take place in dale, Dartmouth College, University of Arizona, Istanbul the Toni M. Cross Library. We are grateful to all the sup- Technical University, Koç University, Selçuk University, port and the contributions provided by the Friends Steer- Democritus University of Thrace, New Bulgarian Univer- ing Committee. Our President, Dr. Charles Gates, and our sity at Sofia, and University of Melbourne. Several guests Honorary President, Dr. Marie Ricciardone, who is the were independent scholars. Three teachers newly arriving spouse of Ambassador Francis Ricciardone, have continued into Ankara in order to work at the Turkish American As- to guide the Committee through numerous organizations, sociation used our hostel for a short while, until they rent- some of which resulted in great donations to ARIT’s recent- ed apartments for their long-term stay in Ankara. While ly diminished funds. Our Committee also includes Capie numerous hostel users come to Ankara mainly to visit the Polk Baily, Shauna Tufan, Shirley Epir, Ron Tickfer, General Directorate and other Ankara-based institutions or Liz Schneider, Ahmet Yayböke, Perin Öztin, and Chris- government offices, others pass through Ankara especially tine Guilbault from the Canadian Embassy. We saw the during the summer months on their way or back from ar- departure of Dr. Christine Biggs, who is the spouse of the chaeological projects in Anatolia. Some guests visited An- recent Australian Ambassador, Ian Biggs, both of whom kara ARIT specifically for the Toni M. Cross library collec- had archaeological training. We will greatly miss Ambas- tion, as well as other collections at different institutions in sador Biggs and Dr. Christine Biggs, who were both avid Ankara. supporters and participants of ARIT and F/ARIT events. The Toni M. Cross Library collection of Ankara ARIT The Friends have celebrated the publication of the long- continued to grow despite the financial constraints that awaited book, Anatolian Images by Toni M. Cross, with the limit our capacity to purchase new publications. Our li- editorial efforts of Dr. Charles Gates and life-long Friend, brarian, Özlem Eser, recorded 127 donated and four pur- Patricia Ülkü and graphics by Ben Claasz Coockson. The chased books, 36 off-prints and 197 issues of periodical and publication consists of weekly columns Toni M. Cross, the

6 legendary former ARIT Ankara Dr. Günder Varinlioğlu, who had organized at Koç Uni- Director (1979-2002), who con- versity’s Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations an ex- tributed to Ankara Scene, a news- hibit on Nicholas V. Artamonoff’s photography of Istanbul, letter dedicated to experience in gave a lecture entitled “Artamonoff: Picturing Byzantine Turkey mainly for foreigners re- Istanbul, 1930-1947.” siding in Ankara. Her columns, Professor Norman Stone, who is the Director of the which included a wide range of Center for Russian Studies and teaches at the Departments pieces on history, archaeology, of History and International Relations at Bilkent Universi- personal experiences, travel, and ty, spoke on “The Foreign Scholar in Turkey in 1930s and shopping tips in different parts 1940s.” of Anatolia, also reflect her great love of Turkey from her unique perspective and lively voice. Our traditional Open House event, where we welcome both old and new Friends took place on October 9, 2013. Ahmet Yayböke, who is a member of the Friends Steering Committee, amazed everyone again with his magical skills to prepare delicious party food in a display of elegance. While many were able to attend, numerous individuals fell victim to the increasingly congested traffic of the ever- growing road system of our city. We hope that the newly opened metro line connecting numerous universities and suburbs where many Friends reside will greatly relieve ac- cess not only Ankara but also to ARIT events, which usually take place in the evenings during rush-hour. Finally, Dr. Tuğba Tanyeri Erdemir, the Deputy Direc- tor of the Center for Science and Society at the Middle East The Friends organized a day-trip to Nallıhan region, Technical University, delivered a lecture on “The Christian visiting the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara as Sacred Heritage of Turkey.” well as the Juliopolis Excavations. We are grateful that the project director, Mustafa Metin, and his team gave us a detailed tour of the site on a rather chilly day. Ankara ARIT Address: ARIT Center: Dr. Elif Denel Şehit Ersan Caddesi, No. 24/9 Çankaya, Ankara 06680 Turkey Tel: (011-90-312) 427-2222 Fax: (011-90-312) 427-4979 E-Mail: [email protected] For Assistant and Librarian: [email protected] For Hostel Guests: Tel: (011-90-312) 427-3426 E-Mail: [email protected] (include name) Another great trip, directed by Dr. Geoffrey Summers, took the friends to Konya and its environs. The Neolithic sites of Çatalhöyük and Boncuklu Höyük, the Hittite sites of NOTICE FOR BOOK DONATIONS: Eflatunpınar and Fasıllar, as well as the Konya Archaeology BEFORE SENDING BOOKS TO ARIT LIBRARIES, Museum were among the sites visited. A Semah perfor- PLEASE CONTACT THE ARIT BRANCH OR U.S. mance by Konya’s whirling dervishes stood out as an ad- OFFICE FOR SHIPPING INFORMATION ditional treat during this busy, but colorful weekend.

7 ARIT Fellowships 2013 - 2014

ARIT-NEH Fellows: Istanbul Friends of ARIT Fellow: Dr. Nikolay A. Antov, History, University of Arkansas, Mr. A. Tunc Şen, Near Eastern Languages and Civiliza- Fayetteville, Formation and Historical Development of tions, University of Chicago, Astrology at the Ottoman Muslim Communities in the Early Modern Ottoman Bal- Court during the Long Islamic Millennium (1453 - 1592): kans: The Case of Deliorman (NE Balkans) mid-15th to Nature, Knowledge, Politics. Mr. Sen will study astrologi- early 18th Centuries. Dr. Antov will study the formation of cal calendars, horoscopes, compendia, and manuals com- the Muslim community in Ottoman Deliorman (in the north posed by Ottoman astrologers to analyze their ideological east Balkans) from the 15th to the 18th centuries, focus- and political uses and historical impact. ing on aspects of the ethno-religious transformation of the Fellowship funded by the Friends of ARIT, Istanbul region. Dr. Hale Yılmaz, History, Southern Illinois University, W. D. E. Coulson and Toni M. Cross Aegean Exchange Menemen, 1930: Event, History, Memory. Dr. Yilmaz will Fellows carry out archival and library research in order to write a From Turkey: conclusive narrative of the Menemen incident, a chain of Dr. Damla Demirözü, Western Languages and Literature, politically charged incidents which occurred in a small Ankara University, Greek Fiction after World War II. Dr. town in the of Turkey in 1930, documenting Demirözü is surveying literary and archival sources at the the path and resistance to secularism in the early Republic. Gennadeion and other libraries in Athens. ARIT-NEH Fellowships are funded by the National Endowment Ms. İlham Sakarya, Settlement Archaeology, Middle East for the Humanities Technical University, Trade Relations of Ancient Burgaz from Archaic to Hellenistic Periods (7th to 3rd century ARIT U.S. Department of State, Educational and Cul- B.C.): Evidence from Amphorae. Dr. Sakarya is interested tural Affairs Fellows: in Knidian amphorae and the wine trade across the Aegean. Dr. Lale Can, History, City University of New York, Spiri- She is working with the databases on transport amphorae at the ASCSA and the French School in Athens. tual Subjects: Central Asians and the Ottoman Caliphate, 1869-1914. Dr. Can is investigating the discourses on im- Dr. Elif Ünlü, History, Boğaziçi Üniversity, The Form and perial citizenship and rights of Russian and Chinese Mus- the Body: Social Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and lims in Ottoman lands, focusing on the 18th to early 19th Transfer of Ideology between Anatolia and the Aegean to- centuries of the Empire. ward the End of the 3rd Millennium B.C.E. Dr. Ünlü is vis- iting museums in Greek cities and islands to study drinking Mr. David C. Fossum, Ethnomusicology, Brown Uni- rituals common throughout the Western Mediterranean as versity, The Bağlama Revisited: Recent Developments in evidenced by the shared use of large handled drinking cups. Turkish Musical Performance Practice. Mr. Fossum will examine recent developments in performance practice for From Greece: the bağlama, a popular instrument for folk, popular, and Ms. Evanthia Katsara, Greek Archaeological Service, neo-traditional music in Turkey. Ministry of Culture, Byzantine Glazed Pottery from Sparta. Ms. Brita Lorentzen, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Ms. Katsara will complete comparative study of medieval Cornell University, Cedar of Lebanon (Made in Anatolia): pottery of Turkey and Greece as part of her dissertation re- Building a Tree-Ring Network for Provenancing Historical search on the Byzantine potter of Sparta. and Archaeological Cedar Timbers. Ms. Lorentzen is ana- Dr. Myrto Malouta, Ionian University, Antinoopolis: A lyzing the chronologies of cedar trees from the species natu- Greek City in Roman Egypt. Dr. Malouta will use library ral distribution in Anatolia, both un-sampled forest sources and museum resources in Istanbul to complete a section of and Ottoman buildings, to build a chronological profile for her research on the Roman/late antique city of Antinoopolis the region. in Egypt. ARIT ECA fellowships are funded by the U.S. Department of Ms. Eleni Mentesidou, Democritus University of Thrace, State, Educational and Cultural Affairs, administered by the Religion and Rituals in the Greek Cities of the South Coast Council of American Overseas Research Centers. of the Black Sea during the Hellenistic Period. Ms Men-

8 tesidou will work in libraries and museums in Istanbul and also visit sites on that Black Sea that give evidence for the ARIT U.S. Office Hellenistic cities along the south coast of the Black Sea. ARIT NEH ENDOWMENT CHALLENGE GRANT Ms. Artemis Papatheodorou, University of Oxford, Otto- man Archaeology: Unearthing Ottoman Policy-Making at UPDATE: a Time of Reforms (1839-1923). Ms. Papatheodorou plans The ARIT National Endowment for the Humanities En- to carry out research in the archives and libraries of Istan- dowment Challenge grant provides $550,000 in grant funds bul to study the cultural and political history of Ottoman for a three-to-one match equaling $1,650,000 and a project archaeology in the 19th century. total of $2.2 million. We are pleased to report that we have ARIT and ASCSA Aegean Exchange fellowships are funded by raised three-quarters of the matching fund to date. At pres- the Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Af- ent the endowment fund is supporting library operations fairs and cosponsored by the American School of Classical Stud- ies at Athens. and improvements at both centers. Without the endowment, ARIT could not maintain its ARIT Fellows in Intensive Turkish Language, overseas operations in the current condition of lost federal Summer 2013: funding. With full funding, the ARIT endowment will give Tristan Bennett Indiana University the Institute greater autonomy and sustainability for the fu- Isacar Bolanos Ohio State University ture. Thanks go to all the generous donors who have helped David Fossum Brown University build the fund. Graham Griffiths Georgetown University Isaac Hand University of Chicago ARIT still has a way to go to complete the match and Andre Jan University of California, earn the remaining NEH grant funds. The chart below il- Los Angeles lustrates the outstanding match that remains to be built and Margaret Kahn George Washington grant funds to be earned in the lighter shade. University Peter Klempner University of Washington Alexander Kreger Michigan State University Will Orman Boston University Paul Osterlund Sabancı University Kenan Sharpe University of California, Santa Cruz Amber Smith Portland State University Kaitlin Staudt Oxford University Elizabeth Wagner Princeton University The U.S. Department of Education, Georgetown University De- partment of Arabic and Islamic Studies, the American Association of Teachers of Turkic Languages and ARIT provide support for participants in the Bogazici University Summer Program in Inten- sive Advanced Turkish Language.

NOTE ON THE TURKISH ELECTRONIC VISA SERVICE: Since April 2013, individuals traveling to Turkey as tour- ists have been able to purchase a tourist or commerce visa on-line prior to arrival in Turkey. The e-visa costs $20, as upon arrival in the past. The visa can be printed or car- ried via electronic device. For the present, travelers may still purchase an electronic visa at a kiosk terminal upon Column 1 shows the NEH grant status with $200,000 arrival to customs. still to be paid to ARIT once we complete raising the match. For more information and access to the e-visa: Column 2 shows the status of the matching fund with https://www.evisa.gov.tr/en/ around $412,500 left to raise.

9 ARIT WELCOMES THREE NEW INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS FOR 2014 INFORMATION ABOUT 2015-2016 ARIT FELLOWSHIPS: Michigan State University returns to ARIT membership. MSU ARIT membership began in the 1980s, with the help Fellowship announcements for the 2015-2016 year of then President Richard Chambers and Professor Alan are is now accessible at [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ Fisher. ARIT/FellowshipPrograms.html]. Watch for a Dick Chambers has been at work again, helping to initi- new fillable .pdf application form to complete and ate a new full membership in ARIT for the University of submit by e-mail. Alabama. The Ali Vural Ak Center for Global Islamic Studies at George Mason University, an entirely new center estab- ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION: lished in 2009 also has joined. If you would like to receive the ARIT Newsletter and These three universities bring ARIT membership to forty- other communications from ARIT by e-mail, please seven. The support of member institutions and the efforts send a message conveying your preference and contact of their representatives form the essential core of ARIT. It information to [email protected] in the ARIT is exciting to witness this recent growth in Turkish Studies office. in the U.S.

North American Friends of ARIT Contributions 2013-2014 ARIT deeply appreciates the generosity of our friends and donors. Your contributions not only support the mission of the Institute to foster research and exchanges in Turkey, but now help to build ARIT’s long-range future through the NEH En- dowment Challenge Matching Fund. ANNUAL DONATIONS Benefactor for Life Frederick Bates and Ellen Jeremy Rutter Douglas Mearns Benjamin Mary Sturgeon Ülkü Ü. Bates Ali and Ellen Surek Benefactor Palmira Brummett Irene and Joseph Syliowicz Merops Foundation Lawrence Butler Julie Van Voorhis Sponsoring Donors Carolyn Connor Joshua M. White Gary Beckman Lorenzo D’Alfonso Mark and Elinda Wilson Bruce Masters Tom Davis Michael Brett Wilson Evelyn and John Zimmerman Joan and George Gawrych Amb. Ross L. Wilson Sustaining Donors William F. Duffy and Patricia Donors Carel Bertram Gilhooly, MD Keith W. Adams Robert Dankoff Erika Gilson Uğur Aker Maria and Richard Ellis Carolyn and Dan Goffman Ann H. Allison John H. Forsyth Jane Hathaway Timothy O. Baldwin Evan and Leman Fotos Mary Berg Hollinshead Deborah L Durham Christina Luke Renata Holod William J. Griswold Stewart MacLeod Henry and Susan Jakubiak and the Ken Harl H. Craig Melchert International Monetary Fund Robert W. Harpster Christopher Roosevelt Louis E. Kahn Rebecca Ingram C. Brian Rose Astrid Lindenlauf Karen M. Kern Eric and Roz Schneider James T. Maccaferri Naomi Miller Sally L. Taylor David C. Montgomery Sylvia Onder Ron Tickfer and Billie Blazier James Morganstern Marcie Patton SusanYaeger and the International Donald Morrison David S. Reese Monetary Fund Susan Narayan Lynn E. Roller Contributing Donors Robert S. Nelson Ariel Salzmann Marc and Kara Abramson Suzanne D. Newberry Tyler Jo Smith Walter Andrews Sally and Jamil Ragep Hilda and Merlin Swartz 10 Christine M. Thomas Susan Adair Dwyer-Schick Curtis Runnels and Patty Jo Watson S. Nuri Erbaş Priscilla Murray Henry Williams Feride Hatiboğlu Richard H. Rutherford Robert Zens Lianne Houghtalin Joel Shinder Maureen Jackson Mirena Slavova Members Edib Kirdar Rahmi Soyugenç Joanne and William Allen James Lawton Huseyin and Dianna Unver Ann H. Allison Isaac Levy and Rosemary Frederick H. Van Doorninck Benjamin Anderson Levy-Zumwalt Irene J. Winter Rachel Bahadir Amb. Alan W. Lukens Nancy Wittler Robert D. Biggs Charles Perry Christin Zurbach

ISTANBUL LIBRARY TONI M. CROSS FUND NATIONAL Patron Contributing Donor ENDOWMENT FOR William C. Hickman Ali and Ellen Surek THE HUMANITIES MATCHING GIFTS Donor Donors Joel Shinder Ken Harl Benefactor Patty Jo Watson Roz and Eric Schneider Tarbell Family Foundation JOHN FREELY FELLOWSHIP Frederick H. Van Doorninck Sponsoring Donor FUND* ANKARA LIBRARY Bilgi and Serim Denel Patron Sponsoring Donor Ahmet Karamustafa Barbara Porter Ann Killebrew Cecil L. Striker *The Friends of ARIT in Istanbul have initi- ated a new fund to develop fellowships in Donor Contributing Donor honor of physicist, teacher, travel writer, and M. J. Stockard Joshua White long-time Istanbul Friend John Freely. Lee and Heidi Ullmann Donors Patty Jo Watson To make a contribution, please use Susan Adair Dwyer-Schick the form on the back page of this Naomi Miller ARIT LIBRARIES Newsletter. You also may contrib- Sylvia Onder ute on-line via a secure server from Donor the ARIT website: Jane Hathaway Lynn E. Roller http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ARIT/ Edib Kirdar Irene J. Winter James Lawton Robert Zens

Reports on ARIT Fellowships

The Social Meanings of Numbers: Statistics, Reform, and Society in Turkey Professor Brian Silverstein (University of Arizona, School of Anthropology), ARIT NEH Fellow 2012

Beginning in January 2012, I spent six months in Tur- key as part of a long-term project conducting research on Turkey’s reforms in the area of statistics – agricultural statistics, in particular – with the support of an ARIT- NEH fellowship. With the aid of ARIT funding, I conducted roughly 30 interviews with employees of the Turkish Statistical

11 Institute (TurkStat), in Ankara, Istanbul, Balıkesir and the country derive from problems in other spheres, spe- Tekirdağ, with technicians and bureaucrats working in cifically murky property ownership as a result of lapsed the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock in Anka- property transfer and/or local disagreements about own- ra, and within the Ministry’s offices in Istanbul, Tekirdağ, ership. This finding suggests that while a new statisti- and Izmir as well as in local county branches. I had the cal regime is rapidly coming ‘on-line’ in Turkey and is opportunity to observe these technicians at work, as they integral to the profound changes Turkish agriculture is interacted with one another both formally in meetings as currently undergoing, it is also intimately connected to well as in informal situation. I also conducted interviews and inflected by the more local conditions of culture and in Balıkesir with farmers and dairy producers, in fields, power. barns, and local coffee houses. Alongside these field- work activities, I located and studied web-based and print materials pertaining to EU integration-based reforms in the areas of statistics and agriculture. My interviews with TurkStat technicians and other employees were conducted as a means to learn about what reforms in the area of statistics have consisted of; what changes they have led to in how statistics are col- lected, interpreted, and used; how farmers and experi- encing the new requirements on data collection; and how these changes are affecting agriculture and farmers’ lives As a result of this field research, I spoke at the work- in the country. shop “Re-Ordering the Social, Producing Change: Con- Among my preliminary results, I’ve ascertained that temporary Ethnographies of Turkey in an Interconnected the new mechanisms for integrating Turkish agricultural World,” at Humboldt University, Department of Euro- statistics into EU norms are indeed major mechanisms pean Ethnology and Collaborative Research, Berlin in for the integration of Turkish agriculture itself into EU October 2012. My talk was entitled “Technical Assem- norms. I’ve also discovered that these mechanisms are blages and the Political Lives of Numbers in Turkey.” In technical but also social, and involve changes in regimes addition, I gave a presentation to the Political Science of power and knowledge. Department at Bilkent University in November 2012 en- In addition, I’ve found that some of the difficulties titled “Statistics, Reform and the Political Lives of Num- in setting up new statistical systems for agriculture in bers in Turkey.”

state that we can- The Musical Life of Two Bektashi Communities not understand Dr. János Sipos, Institute for Musicology of the Turkish culture Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ARIT Mellon without knowing Fellow, 2011 the Bektashi cul- ture and music. The basic aim of my recent project (October 2011 through January 2012) was to make a musical survey of Although at first I planned to visit only a Bektashi and two Alevi/Bektashi communities, to compare their mu- a Tahtacı community living around Ankara and Antalya, I sical repertoire and examine it within a larger Eurasian also did research among Tahtacıs in Burdur and Eskişehir framework. The music of the Bektashi religious com- and also among Sunni people. In Ankara I visited the munities has not been researched so far, although their Cem Vakfı several times, recording many interviews and deep respect for traditions, the salient role of the music in some 50 religious songs. During the chorus for the babas their societies, and the preservation of many pre-Islamic (Alevi religious leaders), I could study how they tried customs indicate that it is worth looking for traces of the to harmonize their ceremonies, a quality which is quite musical culture of ancient Turkic people. One might different from village to village. It also proved very in-

12 teresting to observe the difference between choruses for special laments and lullabies), Kozluca (to record wom- men and those for women. I visited several communi- en’s folk songs), and Aziziye (for bogaz songs, kabak ties and attended their religious cem ceremonies in the kemane (traditional bowed instrument), and laments). suburbs of Ankara and also in a nearby village Çubuk. In addition, I worked a few days in the archives of the Hacı Afterwards I travelled to the Nevşehir-Hacibektaş re- Bektaş Veli Araştırma Merkezi of the Gazi University gion. Every year there are state-organized festivals in Hacibektaş, but only a few Bektashi people live here. In early November, I traveled to Antalya to do re- Fortunately I could do research among them. The mem- search among the Tahtacı community living in the Tau- bers of the official religious dance group Semah Ekibi do rus Mountains. There I interviewed many of the Tahtacı not know the local traditions, and instructors from other people who played significant roles in the life of the areas come to teach them Alevi dances and songs of dif- town. As part of this work, I consulted with Veli Asan, ferent areas. a Tahtacı researcher who collected large amounts of data from many Tahtacı villages, and did interviews and mu- sic recordings among the members of the Tahtacı com- munity in Antalya. While I also conducted fieldwork in Serik (ca. 80 kms from Antalya), the main center of my research in the Antalya region was Akçainiş, which I vis- ited during the Kurban Bayramı. Beside the interviews with members of the community and music recordings, I also received permission to video record a religious ceremony from the beginning to end, an eight-hour experience during which practically all of their religious tones were sung and played. As a result, I now possess a signficant collection of comparative mate- Finally, I carried out research at a long-desired spot in rial for my earlier recordings around Mersin, providing Eskişehir, where women and other community members an opportunity to track the spread of the Tahtacı religious welcomed me in January 2012. I met with a gathering melody repertoire and its connections to the folk music. of some 20 Alevi, and the following morning N. Yüksel, the rehber’s sister, as well as his wife Satih Ana sung me some less known nefes, as well as others sung next to deceased. In sum, the 2011-2012 fieldwork allowed me to con- duct numerous interviews with members of the Alevi/ Bektasi communities, to record a large amount of music, to obtain exhaustive information from the members of the Sunni community, and to purchase necessary books and CDs for my future research. My Alevi/Bektashi/Tahtacı archives have been enlarged by 400 excellent musical recordings, it is now possible to conduct a comparative Next I went to Burdur and visited the countryside with analysis of the musical repertoire of the Tahtacı commu- Mr. Abdurrahman Ekinçi, a local researcher with an ex- nity, and I was able to gain deeper insight into the life and cellent archive, from which I had obtained a broad over- problems of the Turkish Sufi communities. all picture of the area’s folk music prior to beginning my fieldwork. We travelled by car across the region, collect- Meanwhile, the collected melodies and interviews ing material from the Tahtacıs as well as among Sunni have been digitized and markered, and the process of cat- people, stopping at the villages of Kargalı, Kozağaç, aloguing, transcription, and translation of the texts and Gökçeyaka (in the Gireniz music area), İğdeli (to record the melodies has begun. In a few months we will finish

13 the database of these melodies which will enable us to do a computer-aided comparison of the collected melodies across a larger Eurasian area. In addition, my book based upon my Karachay re- searches, backed by the ARIT Mellon Foundation in 2002-2003, will be published shortly. ARIT’s support for this comparative research project on Turkish Sufi music has helped make this publication possible, and, as I wrote on the first page of that book, I express my gratitude to ARIT for the backing of the project and for your support.

of the body and implicated in larger debates and process- Strengthening Male Bodies and Building Robust es concerning the self, gender, ethno-religious communal Communities: Physical Culture in the Late Otto- identity, nation building, and the empire during this period. man Empire I began conducting dissertation research in Istanbul Mr. Murat C. Yıldız, Ottoman History, The in June 2011. Funding from the Institute of International University of California, Los Angeles, ARIT U.S. Education (IIE)/Fulbright-Hays enabled me to spend the Department of State Educational and Cultural Af- 2011-2012 academic year affiliated with Sabancı Univer- fairs Fellow 2012 sity, conducting research in different archives and librar- ies in Istanbul. The research project continued into the Over the past decade, following academic year with the support of the ARIT a new ‘school’ of schol- research fellowship. The ARIT fellowship served as an arship has presented an indispensible source of institutional support, allowing me alternative approach to complete my dissertation research and develop an on- to conceptualizing the going dialogue with academics, writers, librarians, ar- late Ottoman Empire as chivists, and dedicated sports enthusiasts in Turkey and well as the empire’s dif- beyond. Over the course of six months, I completed my ferent ethno-religious archival research in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, communities. My dis- the Atatürk Library, ISAM, the Beyazıt State Library, the sertation, “Strengthening Male Bodies and Building Ro- Armenian Patriarchate, as well the ARIT library in Istanbul. bust Communities: Physical Culture in the Late Otto- The research conducted as an ARIT fellow forms the man Empire,” builds on this scholarship by investigating basis of my investigation of late Ottoman Istanbul’s mul- late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century cultural, so- tilingual press. During the late nineteenth and early twen- cial, and political transformations in Istanbul across sec- tieth centuries, Ottoman Muslim, Christian, and Jewish tarian divisions. This project explores the emergence subjects, government officials, and foreigners living in of a shared Ottoman sports culture among upper and the imperial domains created a vibrant print media de- middle-class Muslims, Christians, and Jews of Istanbul. voted entirely to physical culture. Publishing articles in The dissertation is based on multilingual archival research Ottoman-Turkish, Armenian, Greek, French, and Eng- in Istanbul, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Paris, New York, Minneapo- lish, the sporting press exposed a wide array of Istanbul’s lis, and Washington DC. It brings institutional and discursive denizens to the defining contours of late Ottoman physi- transformations in the Ottoman Empire into conversation cal culture by providing them with articles about gymnas- with each other by drawing from a diverse array of sources tics, football, hockey, scouting, hygiene, voluntary sports written in Ottoman-Turkish, Armenian, Armeno-Turkish, associations, as well as athletic exhibitions and competi- French, English, German, and Greek, such as newspapers, tions in Istanbul, Europe, and the United States. Togeth- magazines, government reports, school and voluntary asso- er, these discussions offered readers instructions on how ciation records, memoirs, and vernacular photographs. An to cultivate a distinct understanding of the self and nation analysis of these institutional arenas and discursive trans- by playing sports, having fun, and training their bodies . formations highlights how the emergence of a late Ottoman While the press served as a central site of late Ottoman sports culture was underpinned by novel understandings physical culture, my dissertation explores other novel

14 forms of organization and practice that popularized and spread the that sports were a shared civic activity that offered benefits for the individual, community, and empire. Two spaces that played an integral role in shap- ing this shared late Ottoman sports culture are schools and clubs. The two vernacular photographs below provide a visual representation of these two institutions. These im- ages are representative of a larger collection of photographs that are either stored in photo albums in the dusty cabinets of sports clubs in Istanbul or scattered around the world in private collections. Muslims, Christians, and Jews treated these and similar photographs as a means by which they recorded their commitment to a new understanding of sports, bourgeois gentility, and a distinct masculine look. Anatolia College’s Greek football team, early 20th century. Since completing my research, I have participated in a number of academic conferences. In May 2013, I presented a paper entitled “Physical Culture in Late Ottoman Istan- bul” at the University of Chicago’s Middle East History and Theory Annual Conference. In October 2013, I delivered a paper entitled “Envisioning, Sculpting, and Exhibiting the (Strong, Beautiful, and Healthy) Male Body in Late Otto- man Istanbul” at the Middle East Studies Association Annu- al Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana. In December 2013, I organized a panel entitled “Jewish Life in the Late Otto- man Port City: Urban Transformations and Associational Life in Istanbul, Izmir, and Salonica” and presented a paper entitled “Société Juive de Gymnastique, ‘Maccabi’: An Ot- toman Jewish Civic Association” at the Association for Jew- ish Studies Annual Conference in Boston, Massachusetts. Members of the Jewish Gymnastics Society, Maccabi, early In February 2014, I gave a presentation entitled “Building a 20th century. Strong Armenian Community and Robust Armenian Bodies in Late Ottoman Istanbul” at the University of California, The first photograph is an undated group picture of mem- Los Angeles’ Graduate Student Annual Colloquium in Arme- bers of the Jewish Gymnastics Society, Maccabi. Taken nian Studies. Most recently, in April 2014, I presented a pa- inside of a studio, the image shows nine members of the per entitled “Istanbul’s Multilingual Physical Culture Press: exclusively Jewish club dressed in matching club uniforms. Strong Nations and Beautiful Male Bodies” at the Western The second image is of the Anatolia College’s Greek foot- Ottomanists’ Workshop at the University of Washington. ball team, Pontos. The photograph shows members of the club posing inside of a studio, wearing athletic attire and club uniforms. Like many of the other American mission- Number 56, Spring 2014 ary schools scattered throughout the Ottoman Empire, Ana- Published for the Alumni and Friends of the tolia College treated physical education and team sports as Institute activities through which they could cultivate physically, Andrew Goldman, Editor morally, and spiritually sound young Christian men. The Nancy Leinwand, Assistant idea promoted in Anatolia College that physical exercises American Research Institute in Turkey and athletics were indispensible to the development of University of Pennsylvania Museum moral, strong young men reflected a broader discourse on 3260 South Street Christian rejuvenation and strength that emerged outside Philadelphia PA 19104-6324 of the imperial domains in the United States and England. (215) 898-3474 Although this discourse developed outside of the imperi- fax (215) 898-0657 al domains, the photograph of Pontos as well as the mis- sionary pamphlets and publications housed in the ARIT [email protected] library in Istanbul demonstrate that Ottoman subjects also http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ARIT drew insights from it and localized it in schools and clubs.

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