Wisconsin Magazine of History
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i?'mi&'-'^m Wisconsin Magazine of History An Abolitionist in Territorial Wisconsin: Part ll EDWARD MATHEWS Tke Wisconsin Reform Coalition; La Follette's Rise to Pouter KENNETH ACREA Alraham Lincoln: Realist E. B. SMITH Published by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. 52, No. 2 / Winter, 1968-1969 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Director Officers THOMAS H. BARLAND, President GEORGE BANTA, JR., Honorary Vice-President JOHN C. GEILFUSS, First Vice-President E. E. HOMSTAD, Treasurer CLIFFORD U. SWANSON, Second Vice-President LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio WARREN P. KNOWLES, Governor of the State HAROLD W. CLEMENS, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMANN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University MRS. EDWARD H. RIKKERS, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires, 1969 E. DAVID CRONON MRS. ROBERT E. FRIEND MRS. HOWARD T. GREENE WARREN D. LEARY, JR. Madison Hartland Genesee Depot Rice Lake SCOTT M. CUTLIP ROBERT A. GEHRKE BEN GUTHRIE J. WARD RECTOR Madison Ripon Lac du Flambeau Milwaukee W. NORMAN FITZGERALD JOHN C. GEILFUSS WAYNE J. HOOD CLIFFORD D. SWANSON Milwaukee Milwaukee La Crosse Stevens Point Term Expires, 1970 THOMAS H. BARLAND MRS. EDWARD C. JONES HOWARD W. MEAD DONALD C. SLIGHTER Eau Claire Fort Atkinson Madison Milwaukee JIM DAN HILL MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES FREDERICK I. OLSON DR. LOUIS C. SMITH Middleton Madison Wauwatosa Lancaster E. E. HOMSTAD CHARLES R. MCCALLUM F. HARWOOD ORBISON ROBERT S. ZIGMAN Black River Falls Hubertus Appleton Milwaukee Term Expires, 1971 ROGER E. AXTELL KENNETH W. HAAGENSEN MOWRY SMITH MILO K. SWANTON Janesville Oconomowoc Neenah Madison MRS. HENRY BALDWIN ROBERT B. L. MURPHY MRS. WILLIAM H. L. SMYTHE CEDRIC A. VIG Wisconsin Rapids Madison Milwaukee Rhinelander H. M. BENSTEAD FREDERIC E. RISSER WILLIAM F. STARK CLARK WILKINSON Racine Madison Pewaukee Baraboo Honorary Honorary Life Members WILLIAM ASHBY MCCLOY, New London, Connecticut PRESTON E. MCNALL, Clearwater, Florida MRS. LITTA BASCOM, Berkeley, California JOHN C. JACQUES, Madison DOROTHY L. PARK, Madison BENTON H. WILCOX, Madison Fellows VERNON CARSTENSEN MERLE CURTI ALICE E. SMITH The Women's Auxiliary Officers MRS. EDWARD H. RIKKERS, Madison, President MRS. GEORGE SWART, Fort Atkinson, Vice-President MRS. WILLIAM F. STARK, Nashotah, Treasurer MRS. CONRAD A. ELVEHJEM, Madison, Secretary MRS. WILLIAM H. L. SMYTHE, Milwaukee, Ex-Officio VOLUME 52, NUMBER 2 / WINTER, 1968-1969 Wisconsin Magazine of History WILLIAM CONVERSE HAYCOOD, Editor WILLIAM C. MARTEN, Associate Editor The Generation Gap: An H. T. Webster Cartoon 116 An Abolitionist in Territorial Wisconsin: The Journal of Reverend Edward Mathews; Part II 117 The Wisconsin Reform Coalition, 1892 to 1900: La Follette's Rise to Power 132 KENNETH ACREA Abraham Lincoln: Realist 158 E. B. SMITH Book Reviews 169 Accessions 198 Contributors 202 Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published not assume responsibility for statements made by contribu quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, tors. Second-class postage paid at Madison and Stevens 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Distributed Point, Wis. Copyright © 1969 by the State Historical Society to members as part of their dues (Annual membership), of Wisconsin. Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon $5.00; Family membership, $7.00; Contributing, $10; Busi Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. ness and Professional, $25 ; Sustaining, $100 or more annual Wisconsin newspapers may reprint any article appearing in ly; Patron, $1000 or more annually). Single numbers, $1.25. the WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY providing the Microfilmed copies available through University Microfilms, story carries the following credit line: Reprinted from the 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Communica State Historical Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History for tions should be addressed to the editor. The Society does [insert the season and year which appear on the Magazine]. WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY WINTER, 1968-1969 The Generation Gap, I920's Version ^/?^ \A/tLF >'''^"'ju'- ''.^i^-^^ :'^^ P<j;l i =,£(3_W>^ ^e^\^^ -b"^" e^^ ^S r,^ ,c^ •^O,- "'^r^ ^o THt FLAPPL'R One o/ iAe more than 5,000 original H. T. Webster cartoons given to the Society's iconographic collection by his widow. 116 AN ABOLITIONIST IN TERRITORIAL WISCONSIN: The Journal of Reverend Edward Mathews (Part II) Introduction the institution continued to exist at all, Mathews called on Governor Henry Dodge. TN THE FALL of 1838 the Reverend Ed- Dodge, who had a few years previously freed •'- ward Mathews, a native of Oxford, Eng the five male slaves he had brought with him land, and a recent graduate of the Hamilton from Missouri, received the minister hospi Literary and Theological Institution of Ham tably, assured him of the illegality of slavery ilton, New York, arrived in the new Terri in the territory, and expressed the opinion tory of Wisconsin to assume his duties as that any slave was automatically free the a missionary for the American Home Bap moment he set foot on Wisconsin soil. En tist Mission. Earnest, energetic, and an im couraged, Mathews then went on to visit placable foe of slavery, he set about organ the proper officials and was grudgingly al izing Baptist churches wherever enough set lowed to see the census returns and to copy tlers had located to warrant a congregation. down the names of the owners of the eleven And always, as each new church was estab Negroes held in bondage. One of the names lished, he insisted that it adopt two rules: was that of Reverend James Mitchell, a Meth one, that each member must sign a pledge odist Episcopal pastor whose wife owned of total abstinence from spiritous liquors; two slaves. Mathews immediately crossed and two, that any member owning slaves swords with Mitchell who thereafter became must emancipate them forthwith. the target of his special outrage, as well as In the course of his vocation Mathews a resourceful and persistent opponent. was appalled to discover that slavery, though As he went about his ministerial duties, expressly forbidden by the Ordinance of the plight of the eleven slaves continued to 1787, nevertheless existed, if only in a some prey on Mathews' mind. Once, journeying what rudimentary state, in Wisconsin. The on horseback from the Brothertown Indian 1835 census of Brown, Chippewa, Crawford, settlement where he had been invited to and Iowa counties (then a part of Michigan preach, he lost the feebly marked trail lead Territory) reported a Negro population of ing to Sheboygan and spent three days and ninety-one, twenty-seven of whom were slaves. two nights hopelessly lost in the dense woods. The census taken in 1840, after Wisconsin During his lonely ordeal he reassessed his achieved territorial status, showed that out conscience, finally determining to withdraw of a total population of 30,945 persons, eleven from the American Baptist Home Mission— were listed as being slaves. Appalled that which permitted its officials and missionaries 117 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY WINTER, 1968-1969 to own slaves—and to devote his entire en Church went so far as to say, that he knew ergies to the antislavery cause. Accordingly that if the question of slavery were brought he applied to the Illinois Anti-slavery Com before the people—it would put a stop to mission and was appointed its agent in Wis the conversion of sinners; it would turn the consin, and began at once to tour the terri minds of the people away from the salvation tory, preaching abolition and organizing an of souls, and call out the latent enmity which tislavery societies whenever and wherever he was known to exist against emancipation. could. In the evening I attended a religious meet As this second portion of his journal opens, ing and was requested to give an address. Mathews is leaving Sheboygan where his an The subject I selected was "Growing in tislavery efforts had received a mixed recep grace." In describing the various graces of tion and is starting for Green Bay, haunted the spirit, I observed that gentleness was one by the recent murder in the Territorial Coun of them; and that an institution existed in cil Chamber of Charles C. P. Arndt, a tragedy our land exceedingly hostile to the cultiva which Mathews, with deep conviction but tion of this grace—an institution which fos questionable logic, attributed solely to the tered boisterous passion on the one hand, evils inherent in the system of African slav and degrading servility on the other. It was ery. slavery. It educated the master to quickness of resentment, taught him to go armed, and W.C.H. thus exposed both himself and others to the most fatal calamities. His habits would be retained even if he removed from the at mosphere of a slave state and resided where the influences of freedom were diffused. Yes, T PROCEEDED from Sheboygan to Green even then, he would be likely, if he were -*- Bay, the town which Mr. Arndt^ repre contradicted or corrected, to commit acts of sented, and in which he resided. I thought, the most appalling character. That I was not as I approached it, surely the people will see describing mere abstractions, but sad reali in this loss of their member and townsman, ties, of which the recent loss of their late that the welfare of the North requires the member was a striking evidence. The inhab abolition of Southern slavery. I was inform itants of the Territory wept with the bereaved ed that there was a revival in the churches: widow and fatherless children, but slavery and as religion softens the heart, it was an should be regarded as the real cause of the additional reason why the subject of slavery should be considered.