The Index of Religious Diversity and Inclusion in PAKISTAN An Exploratory Study with Initial Recommendations Copyright @ 2020 by Asif Aqeel Author: Asif Aqeel Research Oversight: Centre for Public Policy and Governance (CPPG) Editor: Asher John Research Assistants: Mary Gill, Basil Dogra Surveyors: Mary Gill, Sunil Gulzar, Basil Dogra, Asher Aryan Photo Credits: Saad Sarfaraz Sheikh All Rights Reserved First Edition Printed in Lahore, Pakistan Published by Centre for Law and Justice (CLJ) www.clj.org.pk For suggestions:
[email protected] Contents Table of Contents Abbreviations 7 Acknowledgment 8 Executive Summary 9 Chapter1: Introduction 12 Chapter 2: Background 14 Chapter 3: Pakistan: The Land of Equalities 20 The Changing Status of Religious Minorities 23 Liaquat Ali Khan's Period and Religious Minorities 24 Creating New Constitution for Pakistan and Minorities 24 Ayub Khan's period and Minorities 25 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Period and Religious Minorities 26 Zia-ul-Haq's Period and Minorities 27 Restoration of Democratic Government and Minorities 28 Chapter 4: Rediscovering Jinnah's Inclusive Pakistan 31 Religious Minorities and Global Trends 31 Positive Developments since General Musharraf and Onwards 32 Political Participation 32 Minorities in Government 32 Education and/for Minorities 33 Celebrating Religious Festivals of Minorities 33 Recognizing the Role of Minorities in Nation Building 34 Judicial Activism and Minorities 34 Renovation of Worship Places 35 Speaking for Minorities 35 Safety of Religious Minorities 35 Economic