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Video Occultation Manual Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand Occultation Section Observing Occultations Using Video: A Beginner’s Guide For the Australia/New Zealand Region VERSION 1.2 2 Video Occultation Manual Copyright © 2015 Occultation Section of the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand, Jacqueline Milner & Graham Blow, Editors. All rights reserved. Version 1.2 April 2015 This publication may be reproduced, or copied in any manner freely for one’s own personal use, but it may not be distributed or sold for money or for any other compensation. Editors: Jacquie Milner Graham Blow (1954-2014) Contributors: Tony Barry Jonathan Bradshaw Murray Forbes Dave Gault William Hanna David Herald Steve Kerr Brian Loader Hristo Pavlov John Talbot RASNZ Occultation Section Directors: Graham Blow (1977-2014) Steve Kerr (2015- ) Introduction 3 ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND OCCULTATION SECTION The Occultation Section of the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand was formed in 1977. Its role is to co-ordinate the observation of total lunar, grazing and planetary occultations throughout Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific. In addition the RASNZ Occultation Section represents the interests of the International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA) in the Australasian region. We communicate with our members and others interested in occultations by three principal means: Our website – http://www.occultations.org.nz/ Our website provides easily understood information about occultations and observing techniques. You’ll find the information there will be of benefit whether you are a novice or an experienced observer. The website also provides information about forthcoming events, and summarises results from previously observed events. The RASNZOccultations Yahoo Group To join this group go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/RASNZoccultations/ The RASNZOccultations group (administered by Dave Gault) is a forum where any member can post any question or request for information regarding any form of occultation observing. It is used extensively by observers to discuss plans for upcoming events and to report observing successes. The group is also used for general announcements regarding occultations, including the availability of occultation software upgrades. Occultation Section Circulars/Journal for Occultation Astronomy The Occultation Section publishes regular Circulars which list observations made, provide analysis and feedback on events observed, give advance warning of upcoming lunar and planetary occultations, as well as containing news of occultation results from elsewhere around the world and background articles of general interest to all observers. In addition the Section provides its members with the Journal for Occultation Astronomy (JOA) published by IOTA. Both the Circulars and the JOA are only available to financial members of the Section. You can support the work of the Occultation Section by subscribing to our publications. Membership information is available on our website http://www.occultations.org.nz/ We also strongly recommend that you join the RASNZOccultations Yahoo group. There is no charge for this and anyone can subscribe, whether they belong to RASNZ Occultation Section or not. Graham Blow, founding Director, 1977-2014 4 Video Occultation Manual Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................10 Section I: Before You Observe........................................................................11 Chapter 1: TYPES OF OCCULTATIONS ...............................................................12 1.1. Total Lunar Occultations ............................................................................................................12 1.2 Grazing Lunar Occultations.........................................................................................................13 1.3 Occultations by Planets and Asteroids........................................................................................14 1.4 Further Reading and Information Sources..................................................................................17 Chapter 2: PREDICTIONS: OBTAINING, UNDERSTANDING AND PLANNING.......18 2.1 Obtaining or Generating Predictions ..........................................................................................18 2.1.1 Online Predictions................................................................................................................18 2.1.1.1 Total Lunar and Grazing Occultations...............................................................................18 2.1.1.2 Planetary occultations ......................................................................................................18 2.1.2 Generating your own Predictions ........................................................................................19 2.1.2.1 Occult ................................................................................................................................19 2.1.2.2 Lunar Occultation Workbench (LOW)...............................................................................23 2.2 Reading and Understanding Predictions.....................................................................................24 2.2.1 Lunar Occultations Generated by Occult.............................................................................24 2.2.2. Header information for Lunar Occultations generated by Occult ......................................27 2.2.3 Goffin Predictions for Asteroid Occultations .......................................................................28 2.2.3.1 The World Map in the Goffin Predictions.........................................................................30 2.2.3.2 Important Note About Given Times..................................................................................30 2.2.3.3 The Star Charts in a Goffin Prediction...............................................................................31 2.2.4 Steve Preston’s Updates for Asteroid Occultations.............................................................31 2.3 OccultWatcher - A Program for co-ordinating observations of Planetary Occultations ............33 2.3.1 Selected Features of Note in OccultWatcher.......................................................................33 2.4 Star Catalogues ...........................................................................................................................35 2.4.1 Obtaining a copy of the UCAC4............................................................................................35 Introduction 5 2.5 Finder Charts...............................................................................................................................36 2.5.1 On the Internet ....................................................................................................................36 2.5.2 Making your own .................................................................................................................36 2.5.3 Calculating your Field of View..............................................................................................37 2.6 Considering Your Position...........................................................................................................38 2.6.1 Choosing Your Observing Location ......................................................................................38 2.6.1.1 Total Occultations .............................................................................................................38 2.6.1.2 Grazing Occultations .........................................................................................................38 2.6.1.3 Asteroidal Occultations.....................................................................................................38 2.6.2 Determining Your Geographical Position.............................................................................40 Important Note regarding Geodetic Datums....................................................................................41 Section II: Observing Occultations.................................................................42 3.0: RECORDING OCCULTATIONS: AN OVERVIEW..............................................43 3.1 Observing Visually and Radio Time Signals.................................................................................43 Radio Time Signals ............................................................................................................................43 3.1.1 Visual Timings and Your Reaction Time (Personal Equation) ..............................................43 3.2 Observing using Video ................................................................................................................45 3.3 DriftScan Observing Using CCD cameras ....................................................................................45 3.4 Timing..........................................................................................................................................45 3.4.1 Time resolution required for a useful result........................................................................46 3.5 Unattended stations ...................................................................................................................46 4.0 EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................47 4.1 Optics ..........................................................................................................................................47
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