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Ergosterol Purified from Medicinal Mushroom Amauroderma Rude Inhibits Cancer Growth in Vitro and in Vivo by Up-Regulating Multiple Tumor Suppressors
www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, Vol. 6, No. 19 Ergosterol purified from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating multiple tumor suppressors Xiangmin Li1,2,3,4,*, Qingping Wu2,*, Yizhen Xie2, Yinrun Ding2, William W. Du3,4, Mouna Sdiri3,4, Burton B. Yang3,4 1School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China 2State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China (The Ministry-Province Joint Development), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China 3Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada *These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Yizhen Xie, e-mail: [email protected] Burton B. Yang, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: herbal medicine, medicinal mushroom, Foxo3a, Bim, Fas Received: April 08, 2015 Accepted: May 13, 2015 Published: May 27, 2015 ABSTRACT We have previously screened thirteen medicinal mushrooms for their potential anti-cancer activities in eleven different cell lines and found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest capacity in inducing cancer cell death. The current study aimed to purify molecules mediating the anti-cancer cell activity. The extract of Amauroderma rude was subject to fractionation, silica gel chromatography, and HPLC. We purified a compound and identified it as ergosterol by EI-MS and NMR, which was expressed at the highest level in Amauroderma rude compared with other medicinal mushrooms tested. We found that ergosterol induced cancer cell death, which was time and concentration dependent. -
Clavulinopsis Helvola (Pers.) Corner, Monograph of Clavaria and Allied Genera (Annals of Botany Memoirs No
© Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll [email protected] Condiciones de uso Clavulinopsis helvola (Pers.) Corner, Monograph of Clavaria and allied Genera (Annals of Botany Memoirs No. 1): 372 (1950) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat MAR-111009 11 11/10/2009 Colllado de las Tres Cruces, Santa Orosia, En un talud en bosque mixto de Leg.: Fermín Pancorbo, Juan Carlos Campos, Juan Yebra de Basa (Huesca) haya (Fagus sylvatica) y abeto Carlos Zamora, Luis Rubio, Jorge Hernanz, Félix 1528 m 30T YN2510 blanco (Abies alba) Mateo, Eliseo Vernis, Santiago García Det.: Miguel Á. Ribes TAXONOMíA Basiónimo: Clavaria helvola Pers. [as 'helveola'], Comm. fung. clav. (Lipsiae): 69 (1797) Citas en listas publicadas: Index of Fungi 2: 19. Posición en la clasificación: Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi Sinónimos: o Clavaria dissipabilis Britzelm., Ber. naturw. Augsburg 29: 289 (1887) o Clavaria flammans Berk., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14(1): 350 (1873) o Clavaria helvola Pers., Comm. fung. clav. (Lipsiae): 69 (1797) subsp. Helvola o Clavaria inaequalis sensu auct.; fide Checklist of Basidiomycota of Great Britain and Ireland (2005) o Clavaria inaequalis var. helvola (Pers.) Fr., Elench. fung. (Greifswald) 1: 232 (1828) o Clavaria similis Boud. & Pat., J. Bot. Morot 2: 406 (1888) o Ramariopsis helvola (Pers.) R.H. Petersen, Mycologia 70(3): 668 (1978) DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Basidioma filiforme, cilíndrico-claviforme o cilíndrico-aplanado, normalmente sinuoso y no ramificado, pero a veces con una pequeña ramificación en el ápice, a veces ligeramente surcado, hasta de 6-7 cm de alto, de color amarillo-anaranjado vivo o pálido, mate, cubierto por una pruina más clara en ejemplares jóvenes, ápice redondeado que se vuelve pardo al envejecer. -
A New Pericarbonyl Lignan from Amauroderma Rude
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rec. Nat. Prod. 13:4 (2019) 296-300 A New Pericarbonyl Lignan from Amauroderma rude Miao Dong 1, Zuhong Ma 2, Qiaofen Yang 2, Qiuyue Hu 2, Yanqing Ye 2,* and Min Zhou 1,* 1Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China 2 School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China (Received October 24, 2018; Revised November 29, 2018; Accepted November 30, 2018) Abstract: A new pericarbonyl lignan (1), named amaurolignan A was isolated from an ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies in Amauroderma rude of family Ganodermataceae, together with two known lignans, 4-methoxymatairesinol 4′-β-D-glucoside (2) and lappaol F (3). The structures of compounds (1-3) were elucidated using NMR and MS spectroscopic methods. Keywords: Pericarbonyl lignan; amaurolignan A; Amauroderma rude. © 2019 ACG Publications. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction “Lingzhi” is a mushroom that has been renowned in China for more than 2000 years because of its claimed medicinal properties and symbolic fortune, which translates as ‘Ganodermataceae’ in a broad sense, and in a narrow sense it represents the highly prized medicinal Ganoderma species distributed in East Asia [1]. Its medicinal properties include anti-aging, lowering blood pressure, improving immunity, and preventing and treating various cancers, chronic bronchitis, gastric ulcers, hepatitis, neurasthenia and thrombosis [2-4]. The medicinal effects of many mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus blazei, Antrodia camphorate and Grifola frondosaI come from their metabolites including polysaccharides, triterpenes, lucidenic acids, adenosine, ergosterol, glucosamine and cerebrosides [5-8]. -
LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N
Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 2, 2010 LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N. HEDGER1, J. DAVID GEORGE2, GARETH W. GRIFFITH3, DILUKA PEIRIS1 1School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8JS 2Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD 3Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The results of four five-day field surveys of fungi carried out yearly on Lundy from 2004-08 are reported and the results compared with the previous survey by ourselves in 2003 and to records made prior to 2003 by members of the LFS. 240 taxa were identified of which 159 appear to be new records for the island. Seasonal distribution, habitat and resource preferences are discussed. Keywords: Fungi, ecology, biodiversity, conservation, grassland INTRODUCTION Hedger & George (2004) published a list of 108 taxa of fungi found on Lundy during a five-day survey carried out in October 2003. They also included in this paper the records of 95 species of fungi made from 1970 onwards, mostly abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Lundy Field Society, and found that their own survey had added 70 additional records, giving a total of 156 taxa. They concluded that further surveys would undoubtedly add to the database, especially since the autumn of 2003 had been exceptionally dry, and as a consequence the fruiting of the larger fleshy fungi on Lundy, especially the grassland species, had been very poor, resulting in under-recording. Further five-day surveys were therefore carried out each year from 2004-08, three in the autumn, 8-12 November 2004, 4-9 November 2007, 3-11 November 2008, one in winter, 23-27 January 2006 and one in spring, 9-16 April 2005. -
New Species and New Records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil
Phytotaxa 253 (1): 001–026 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.1.1 New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil ARIADNE N. M. FURTADO1*, PABLO P. DANIËLS2 & MARIA ALICE NEVES1 1Laboratório de Micologia−MICOLAB, PPG-FAP, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. 2Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Ed. Celestino Mutis, 3a pta. Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba. 14071 Córdoba, Spain. *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] Phone: +55 83 996110326 ABSTRACT Fourteen species in three genera of Clavariaceae from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described (six Clavaria, seven Cla- vulinopsis and one Ramariopsis). Clavaria diverticulata, Clavulinopsis dimorphica and Clavulinopsis imperata are new species, and Clavaria gibbsiae, Clavaria fumosa and Clavulinopsis helvola are reported for the first time for the country. Illustrations of the basidiomata and the microstructures are provided for all taxa, as well as SEM images of ornamented basidiospores which occur in Clavulinopsis helvola and Ramariopsis kunzei. A key to the Clavariaceae of Brazil is also included. Key words: clavarioid; morphology; taxonomy Introduction Clavariaceae Chevall. (Agaricales) comprises species with various types of basidiomata, including clavate, coralloid, resupinate, pendant-hydnoid and hygrophoroid forms (Hibbett & Thorn 2001, Birkebak et al. 2013). The family was first proposed to accommodate mostly saprophytic club and coral-like fungi that were previously placed in Clavaria Vaill. ex. L., including species that are now in other genera and families, such as Clavulina J.Schröt. -
Discovering Great Sandy Region Chapter 5 Animals of the Dunes the Animals of Fraser Island and Cooloola Are Not Readily Apparent to the Casual Observer
DGSR Fauna 1 Discovering Great Sandy Region Chapter 5 Animals of the Dunes The animals of Fraser Island and Cooloola are not readily apparent to the casual observer. The most obvious are birds and dingoes. Despite the obscurity of the fauna it presents an impressive range to those with the patience to explore and discover. This is because much of the fauna is lies buried in the sand or hidden by the great bulk of biomass or else it is either well camouflaged, very timid, or very small. However, it is not necessary to see animals in the wild to be attracted by them. Tens of thousands of anglers are used to searching out invisible targets as they seek the pelagic tailor during the winter months, and bream, whiting trevally and flathead at any time of the year. However, there are many other interesting animals in the sea around Fraser Island and Cooloola than those which delight the anglers. These mammals and reptiles are not the targets of anglers but the subject of much interest of those who are seeking to understand the environment and the many niches in and around Fraser Island and Cooloola. Although Fraser Island and Cooloola lack large populations of bigger terrestrial animals, they boast many rare and unusual species. One study in Cooloola alone identified over 300 species of ants, many new to science. In the aquatic environment the acidity of some of the peaty swamps has been so hostile that a specialized group of frogs known as "acid frogs" has evolved to fill this unique niche. -
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Tel: 1-312-665-7881 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Evolution and Systematics of Fungi Biogeography and Diversification Rates of Fungi Species delimitation Diversity of lichen-forming fungi Professional Experience Since 2017 Vice President, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago. USA 2014-2017 Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2014 Curator, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2013-2014 Associate Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2009-2013 Chair, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2011 MacArthur Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2006-2014 Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2005-2009 Head of Cryptogams, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2004 Member, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago. Courses: BIOS 430 Evolution (UIC), BIOS 23410 Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters (U of C) Reading group: Phylogenetic methods. 2003-2006 Assistant Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 1998-2003 Privatdozent (Assistant Professor), Botanical Institute, University – GHS - Essen. Lectures: General Botany, Evolution of lower plants, Photosynthesis, Courses: Cryptogams, Biology -
Clavaria Miniata) Flame Fungus
A LITTLE BOOK OF CORALS Pat and Ed Grey Reiner Richter Ramariopsis pulchella Revision 3 (2018) Ramaria flaccida De’ana Williams 2 Introduction This booklet illustrates some of the Coral Fungi found either on FNCV Fungi Forays or recorded for Victoria. Coral fungi are noted for their exquisite colouring – every shade of white, cream, grey, blue, purple, orange and red - found across the range of species. Each description page consists of a photo (usually taken by a group member) and brief notes to aid identification. The corals are listed alphabetically by genus and species and a common name has been included. In this revision five species have been added: Clavicorona taxophila, Clavulina tasmanica, Ramaria pyrispora, R. watlingii and R. samuelsii. A field description sheet is available as a separate PDF. Coral Fungi are so-called because the fruit-bodies resemble marine corals. Some have intricate branching, while others are bushier with ‘florets’ like a cauliflower or broccolini. They also include those species that have simple, club-shaped fruit-bodies. Unlike fungi such as Agarics that have gills and Boletes that have pores, the fertile surface bearing the spores of coral fungi is the external surface of the upper branches. All species of Artomyces, Clavaria, Clavulina, Clavulinopsis, Multiclavula, Ramariopsis and Tremellodendropsis have a white spore print while Ramaria species have a yellow to yellow-brown spore print, which is sometimes seen when the mature spores dust the branches. Most species grow on the ground except for two Peppery Corals Artomyces species and Ramaria ochracea that grow on fallen wood. Ramaria filicicola grows on woody litter and Tree-fern stems. -
Barbatic Acid Offers a New Possibility for Control of Biomphalaria Glabrata and Schistosomiasis
Article Barbatic Acid Offers a New Possibility for Control of Biomphalaria Glabrata and Schistosomiasis Mônica Cristina Barroso Martins 1, Monique Costa Silva 1, Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes Silva 1, Luanna Ribeiro Santos Silva 2, Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque 3, André Lima Aires 3, Emerson Peter da Silva Falcão 4, Eugênia C. Pereira 5,*, Ana Maria Mendonça Albuquerque de Melo 2 and Nicácio Henrique da Silva 1 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; [email protected] (M.C.B.M.); [email protected] (M.C.S.); [email protected] (H.A.M.F.S.); [email protected] (N.H.d.S.) 2 Departamento de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; [email protected] (L.R.S.S.); [email protected] (A.M.M.A.d.M.) 3 Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; [email protected] (M.C.P.d.A.A.); [email protected] (A.L.A.) 4 Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 50670-901, Brazil; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Ciências Geográficas, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-81-999-009-777; Fax: +55-81-212-68-275 Academic Editor: Sophie Tomasi Received: 16 January 2017; Accepted: 27 March 2017; Published: 31 March 2017 Abstract: This study evaluated the biological activity of an ether extract and barbatic acid (BAR) from Cladia aggregata on embryos and adult mollusks of Biomphalaria glabrata, cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the microcrustacean Artemia salina. -
Ganoderma: Progresos En Investigación, Manejo Y Retos a Futuro* Ganoderma: Research Advances, Management and Future Challenges
sesión 1. plagas y enfermedades Ganoderma: progresos en investigación, manejo y retos a futuro* Ganoderma: Research Advances, Management and Future Challenges autores: Shamala Sundram, Idris Abu Seman, Nur Diyana Roslan, Lee Pei Lee Angel, Intan Nur Ainni Mohamed Azni, Salwa Abdullah Sirajuddin. citación: Sundram, S., Seman, I. A., Roslan, N. D., Angel, L. P. L., Mohamed- Azni, I. N. A., & Sirajuddin, S. A. (2019). Ganoderma: progresos en investigación, manejo y retos a futuro. Palmas, 40 (Especial Tomo I), 57-69. palabras clave: palma de aceite, Ganoderma, Pudrición basal del estípite, manejo, retos. keywords: Oil palm, Ganoderma, basal stem rot, control, challenges. *Artículo original recibido en inglés y traducido por Carlos Arenas París. Shamala Sundram Junta de Aceite de Palma de Malasia Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Resumen La palma de aceite, el cultivo que se extiende por la región del cinturón ecuatorial, no está exenta de pestes y enfermedades. Este cultivo es altamente susceptible a una serie de enfermedades limitadas a la región donde se planta. La Pudrición basal del estípite es causada por Ganoderma spp., la amenaza número uno en la región del Sudeste Asiático. Históricamente, era percibida como una enfermedad senescente, pero pronto se descubrió que su prevalencia no tiene correlación con la edad de la palma. Además de los factores predisponentes que incluyen parámetros bióticos y abióticos, se planteó la hipótesis de que los materiales de siembra anteriores, el tipo de suelo, el estado de los nutrientes y las técnicas de replantación contribuían a su propagación. De todos estos factores, la técnica de replantación juega un papel fundamental para controlarla, pero no es suficiente. -
The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. -
Notes on the Amphipacific Relations of Hawaiian Cladoniaceae
275 Tropical Bryology 8: 275-280, 1993 Notes on the amphipacific relations of Hawaiian Cladoniaceae S. Stenroos Department of Botany, P.O. Box 47, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland C.W. Smith Department of Botany of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Abstract. The total number of currently accepted species of Cladoniaceae in the Hawaiian Islands is 22. Several taxonomic problems still exist, however. The effects of isolation are clear among Cladoniaceae. Endemism is high (c. 40%); and, the number of species low. The species must have reached the archipelago via long-distance trans-oceanic dispersal, probably aided by the abundant production of lichen propagules, such as soredia and microsquamules. Although most of the species found in Hawaii are widely distributed, the Hawaiian Cladoniaceae show slight affinities to those of E and SE Asia. Cladonia polyphylla Mont. & v.d. Bosch is an older name for C. fruticulosa Krempelh., and is lectotypified from authentic material. C. leprosula H. Magn. is included in C. ochrochlora Flörke. True oceanic islands, like the Hawaiian Islands, islands (Hawaii, Kahoolawe, Maui, Lanai, Mo- have never had any connection or association lokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau), the largest of with continental land during geographic diversi- which - and still with volcanic activity - being fication that has been going on through geologi- Hawaii (c. 1560 sq km). cal time. These islands are volcanoes arising from the ocean floor. The Hawaiian Islands are Major works on Hawaiian lichens, including shield volcanoes that are formed where tectonic Cladoniaceae, are those of des Abbayes (1947), plates move over a “hot spot” and magma wells Magnusson (1956, who summarizes exhaustive- up to the surface (e.g.