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二零一八熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2018

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二零一八熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2018 Ḵ暞ᶨℓ⸜䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳嶗⼹⚾ TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2018 㭷㖍⋼婧ᶾ䓴㗪暞㗪ỵ伖(楁㷗㗪攻ᶲ⋰ℓ㗪), ࡁ؍ ⫷ㅖ㲏ѝཞᮨⴞᆇẋ堐娚㚰䘬ᰕ Daily Positions at 00 UTC(08 HKT), '36/2 Є߃0;2 ⽭ډ the number in the symbol represents the date of the month 坤ԃ 154-8+? 95;2/1 㖂ॱ ԝ߃5): ࣭࣭ 㭷ℕ⮷㗪ỵ伖 ҷ߃';- =;154- 9.'49.'4 Intermediate 6-hourly Positions ੼榆⛃ Є߃0;2 棁䓃 ҷ߃';- )/3'854 0+(/ 崭⻟桙桐 Super Typhoon ҷ߃';- Ь߃9+6 ⻟桙桐 Severe Typhoon 䉷২ ؍ࡵࡁ 桙桐 Typhoon 68'6/8554 :8'3/ Є߃0;2 Ь߃9+6 ⻟䁰䅙ⷞ桐㙜 Severe Tropical Storm 䅙ⷞ桐㙜 Tropical Storm ݦ兺 ?'-/ 榆ԃގ 䅙ⷞỶ㯋⡻ Tropical Depression ҷ߃';- 3'2/19/ 湞䛵 ҹ߃0;4 Ỷ⡻⋨ Low Pressure Area 2++6/ ҷ߃';- 曾曓 䇃ࡁ☓ 054-*'8/ 8;3(/' ҷ߃';- ҷ߃';- ۺ૙ұ .+):58 ҷ߃';- 䜨哿☓ ࠀ২ -'+3/ 3'8/' 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ 䇃ࡁ☓ ҹ߃0;4 Є߃0;2 :* 8;3(/' Є߃0;2 ҷ߃';- ঁٌ 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ 3'4-1.;: ۺ௚࢔ :* ૙ұ Ь߃9+6 Hong Kong ҷ߃';- 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ .+):58 -;'ਬ曾ؿ :* ҷ߃ ٌ॔ +=/4/'8 ҷ߃';- 喗ؖ 954:/4. ҹ߃0;4 3'4?/ 㖂ॱ Є߃0;2 ࠀ২ ԝ▲߃45< =;154- -'+3/ घୌⰧ Є߃0;2 ؍ҹ߃0;4 ࡵࡁ :'8/0') 68'6/8554 Ь߃9+6 घୌⰧ ҹ߃0;4 湞䛵 ٌ॔ ('8/0': ߟܞ啠 954:/4. 曾曓 2++6/ Ь߃9+6 0+2'=': -;' ҷ߃᳦ֺ Є߃0;2 054-*'8/ ࡁ ݦ兺 ֚߃'68 ࣭࣭؍ ?;:; Є߃0;2 嶔䬐Ⱗ ?'-/ 9.'49.'4 ԝ▲߃45< '36/2 (+(/4)' 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ ҷ߃';- 嶔䬐Ⱗ Є߃0;2 ҷ߃';- ҷ߃';- :* (+(/4)' Є߃0;2 榆ԃގ ҷ߃';- 3'2/19/ ҹ߃0;4 䉷২ 坤ԃ :8'3/ 95;2/1 -;'喗 Ь߃9+6 ҷ߃ܞ٢ ٧٢ 6'(;1 (52'<+4 ࠂ吤 ਬ曾ؿ 棁䓃 ▲߃0'4 ▲߃0'4 ੼榆⛃ :58'0/ +=/4/'8 0+(/ ીֺ )/3'854 ঁٌ -;'ԝ▲߃45< ҹ߃0;4 ҷ߃ ;9'-/ ҷ߃';- :;.ԝ▲߃45< 䜨哿☓ 3'4-1 ⡕מ ;9'-/ Ь߃9+6 '/8'3 ⽭ډ ԝ▲߃45< Є߃0;2喗 154-8+?ܞ٢ ࠂ吤 (52'<+4 Ь߃9+6 :58'0/ ▲߃0'4 ࣥ⡕ ԝ▲߃45< 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ 䒠㍼Ѻ㾎⺷ ?;:; :* :* ԝ߃5): ԝи߃*+) ߟܞ啠 (+*ԝи߃ ٧٢ 0+2'=': Іٞ 1;)'6 І߃3'8 ԝи߃*+) 9'4(' Іٞ и߃,+( 9'4(' и߃,+( 喗ؖ 3'4?/ ԝ▲߃45< 二零一 八 年 熱帶氣旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2018 2 二零二零年一月出版 Published January 2020 香港天文台編製 香港九龍彌敦道134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 版權所有。未經香港天文台台長同意，不得翻印本刊物任何部分內容。 © Copyright reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the Director of the Hong Kong Observatory. 本刊物的編製和發表，目的是促進資 This publication is prepared and disseminated in the interest of promoting 料交流。香港特別行政區政府(包括其 the exchange of information. The 僱員及代理人)對於本刊物所載資料 Government of the Hong Kong Special 的準確性、完整性或效用，概不作出 Administrative Region (including its servants and agents) makes no warranty, 明確或暗示的保證、聲明或陳述；在 statement or representation, express or 法律許可的範圍內，對於提供或使用 implied, with respect to the accuracy, 這些資料而可能直接或間接引致任 completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, and in so 何損失、損壞或傷害(包括死亡)，亦 far as permitted by law, shall not have any 不負任何法律承擔或責任(包括疏忽 legal liability or responsibility (including 責任)。 liability for negligence) for any loss, damage, or injury (including death) which may result, whether directly or indirectly, from the supply or use of such information. 551.515.2:551.506.1(512.317) 封面 二零一八年九月十六日上午10時24分的雷達回波圖像，當時山竹的強烈螺旋雨帶正影響 香港。 Cover Image of radar echoes at 10:24 a.m. on 16 September 2018. The intense spiral rainband of Mangkhut was affecting Hong Kong at that time. 3 目錄 頁 1. 引言 1.1 熱帶氣旋刊物的沿革 13 1.2 熱帶氣旋等級 14 1.3 熱帶氣旋命名 14 1.4 資料來源 14 1.5 年報內容 15 1.6 香港的熱帶氣旋警告系统 16 2. 二零一八年熱帶氣旋概述 2.1 二零一八年的熱帶氣旋回顧 26 2.2 每月概述 27 3. 二零一八年影響香港的熱帶氣旋 3.1 熱帶風暴艾雲尼(1804) ： 二零一八年六月二日至八日 51 3.2 熱帶風暴山神(1809) ：二零一八年七月十六日至二十四日 63 3.3 強烈熱帶風暴貝碧嘉(1816) ：二零一八年八月九日至十七日 77 3.4 熱帶風暴百里嘉(1823) ：二零一八年九月十日至十三日 89 3.5 超強颱風山竹 (1822) ：二零一八年九月七日至十七日 98 3.6 超強颱風玉兔(1826) ：二零一八年十月二十一日至十一月二日 144 4. 熱帶氣旋統計表 156 5. 二零一八年熱帶氣旋的位置及強度數據 174 附件一: 超強颱風山竹(1822)引致香港直接經濟損失的估算 202 4 CONTENTS page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Evolution of tropical cyclone publications 17 1.2 Classification of tropical cyclones 17 1.3 Naming of tropical cyclones 18 1.4 Data sources 19 1.5 Content 19 1.6 Hong Kong’s Tropical Cyclone Warning System 20 2. TROPICAL CYCLONE OVERVIEW FOR 2018 2.1 Review of tropical cyclones in 2018 36 2.2 Monthly overview 37 3. TROPICAL CYCLONES AFFECTING HONG KONG IN 2018 3.1 Tropical Storm Ewiniar (1804): 2 – 8 June 2018 53 3.2 Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (1809): 16 – 24 July 2018 65 3.3 Severe Tropical Storm Bebinca (1816): 9 – 17 August 2018 79 3.4 Tropical Storm Barijat (1823): 10 – 13 September 2018 90 3.5 Super Typhoon Mangkhut (1822): 7 – 17 September 2018 103 3.6 Super Typhoon Yutu (1826): 21 October – 2 November 2018 146 4. TROPICAL CYCLONE STATISTICS AND TABLES 157 5. TROPICAL CYCLONE POSITION AND INTENSITY DATA, 2018 174 Annex 1: Estimated Direct Economic Losses in Hong Kong caused by Super Typhoon 204 Mangkhut (1822) 5 圖 頁 卷首插圖: 二零一八年北太平洋西部及南海區域的熱帶氣旋路徑圖 1.1 年報內提及的測風站及潮汐測量站之分佈地點 25 2.1 二零一八年在北太平洋西部及南海區域的熱帶氣旋出現次數之每月分佈 46 2.2 二零一八年六個影響香港的熱帶氣旋的路徑圖 46 2.3a 二零一八年九月十四日下午11時超強颱風山竹(1822)的紅外線衛星圖片 47 2.3b 二零一八年十月二十四日下午8時超強颱風玉兔(1826)的紅外線衛星圖片 48 3.1.1a 二零一八年六月二日至八日艾雲尼的路徑圖 58 3.1.1b 艾雲尼接近香港時的路徑圖 59 3.1.2 二零一八年六月五日至八日的雨量分佈 60 3.1.3 二零一八年六月七日下午2時左右的可見光衛星圖片 61 3.1.4 二零一八年六月八日上午9時24分的雷達回波圖像 62 3.1.5 二零一八年六月七日下午6時45分長洲水龍捲報告 62 3.2.1 二零一八年七月十六日至二十四日山神的路徑圖 72 3.2.2a 二零一八年七月十七日至十八日的雨量分佈 73 3.2.2b 二零一八年七月二十三日至二十四日的雨量分佈 73 3.2.3a 二零一八年七月十八日上午2時左右的紅外線衛星圖片 74 3.2.3b 二零一八年七月二十二日上午2時左右的紅外線衛星圖片 75 3.2.4 二零一八年七月十七日晩上10時36分的雷達回波圖像 76 3.3.1a 二零一八年八月九日至十七日貝碧嘉的路徑圖 84 3.3.1b 貝碧嘉接近香港時的路徑圖 85 3.3.2 二零一八年八月九日至十五日的雨量分佈 86 3.3.3 二零一八年八月十五日上午8時左右的可見光衛星圖片 87 3.3.4 二零一八年八月十四日下午2時的雷達回波圖像 88 3.4.1a 二零一八年九月十日至十三日百里嘉的路徑圖 94 3.4.1b 百里嘉接近香港時的路徑圖 95 3.4.2 二零一八年九月十二日下午8時的紅外線衛星圖片 96 3.4.3 二零一八年九月十二日下午4時的雷達回波圖像 97 6 3.5.1a 二零一八年九月七日至十七日山竹的路徑圖 112 3.5.1b 山竹接近香港時的路徑圖 113 3.5.2a 二零一八年九月十四日至十七日山竹最高持續風速的時間序列 114 3.5.2b 二零一八年九月十四日至十七日山竹最低海平面氣壓的時間序列 114 3.5.3 二零一八年九月十四日至十七日的雨量分佈 115 3.5.4a 二零一八年九月十五日上午1時左右的紅外線衛星圖片 116 3.5.4b 二零一八年九月十六日上午11時左右的可見光衛星圖片 117 3.5.5a 二零一八年九月十六日上午10時24分的雷達回波圖像 118 3.5.5b 二零一八年九月十六日下午1時的雷達回波圖像 119 3.5.6 山竹在橫過呂宋前及在南海北部風力結構變化的示意圖 119 3.5.7 二零一八年九月十六日上午8時30分的多普勒雷達回波圖像 120 3.5.8a 二零一八年九月十六日上午11時正香港各站錄得的十分鐘平均風向和風速 122 3.5.8b 二零一八年九月十六日下午2時正香港各站錄得的十分鐘平均風向和風速 123 3.5.9 二零一八年九月十六日在長洲、橫瀾島及北角錄得的十分鐘平均風速 124 3.5.10 二零一八年九月十六日香港天文台、長洲及橫瀾島錄得的海平面氣壓 125 3.5.11 二零一八年九月十六日香港各潮汐站錄得的最高潮位及水浸報告 126 3.5.12 二零一八年九月十六日在鰂魚涌、大埔滘及尖鼻咀錄得的潮位及風暴潮 127 3.5.13 在山竹的影響下，有關電力及食水中斷的報告 128 3.5.14 山竹襲港期間本港多處有樹木倒塌 129 3.5.15 山竹襲港期間本港多處地區受猛風破壞 131 3.5.16 山竹襲港期間玻璃幕牆被吹毀 134 3.5.17 山竹襲港期間巨浪拍岸 136 3.5.18 山竹襲港期間，風暴潮帶來的水浸和破壞 137 3.5.19 山竹襲港期間有船隻擱淺、沉沒或受嚴重破壞 142 3.6.1a 二零一八年十月二十一日至十一月二日玉兔的路徑圖 151 3.6.1b 玉兔接近香港時的路徑圖 152 3.6.2a 二零一八年十月二十四日下午8時左右的紅外線衛星圖片 153 3.6.2b 二零一八年十一月二日上午8時左右的可見光衛星圖片 154 3.6.3 二零一八年十一月一日正午12時的雷達回波圖像 155 7 FIGURE page FRONTISPIECE: Tracks of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2018 1.1 Locations of anemometers and tide gauge stations mentioned in this annual 25 report 2.1 Monthly frequencies of the occurrence of tropical cyclones in the western North 46 Pacific and the South China Sea in 2018 2.2 Tracks of the six tropical cyclones affecting Hong Kong in 2018 46 2.3a Infra-red satellite imagery of Super Typhoon Mangkhut (1822) at peak intensity 47 at 11 p.m. on 14 September 2018 2.3b Infra-red satellite imagery of Super Typhoon Yutu (1826) at peak intensity at 48 8 p.m. on 24 October 2018 3.1.1a Track of Ewiniar on 2 – 8 June 2018 58 3.1.1b Track of Ewiniar near Hong Kong 59 3.1.2 Rainfall distribution on 5 – 8 June 2018 60 3.1.3 Visible satellite imagery around 2 p.m. on 7 June 2018 61 3.1.4 Image of radar echoes at 9:24 a.m. on 8 June 2018 62 3.1.5 Waterspout around 6:45 p.m. on 7 June 2018 at Cheung Chau 62 3.2.1 Track of Son-Tinh on 16 – 24 July 2018 72 3.2.2a Rainfall distribution on 17 - 18 July 2018 73 3.2.2b Rainfall distribution on 23 - 24 July 2018 73 3.2.3a Infra-red satellite imagery around 2 a.m. on 18 July 2018 74 3.2.3b Infra-red satellite imagery around 2 a.m. on 22 July 2018 75 3.2.4 Image of radar echoes at 10:36 p.m. on 17 July 2018 76 3.3.1a Track of Bebinca on 9 – 17 August 2018 84 3.3.1b Track of Bebinca near Hong Kong 85 3.3.2 Rainfall distribution on 9 - 15 August 2018 86 3.3.3 Visible satellite imagery around 8 a.m. on 15 August 2018 87 3.3.4 Radar echoes captured at 2 p.m. on 14 August 2018 88 3.4.1a Track of Barijat on 10 - 13 September 2018 94 3.4.1b Track of Barijat near Hong Kong 95 3.4.2 Infra-red satellite imagery around 8 p.m. on 12 September 2018 96 3.4.3 Radar echoes captured at 4 p.m. on 12 September 2018 97 3.5.1a Track of Mangkhut on 7 - 17 September 2018 112 3.5.1b Track of Mangkhut near Hong Kong 113 8 3.5.2a Time series of the maximum sustained wind speed near the centre of Mangkhut 114 on 14 - 17 September 2018 3.5.2b Time series of minimum sea level pressure of Mangkhut on 14 - 17 September 114 2018 3.5.3 Rainfall distribution on 14 - 17 September 2018 115 3.5.4a Infra-red satellite imagery around 1 a.m. on 15 September 2018 116 3.5.4b Visible satellite imagery around 11 a.m.
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