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Circadian Disruption: What Do We Actually Mean?
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Eur J Neurosci Manuscript Author . Author manuscript; Manuscript Author available in PMC 2020 May 07. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Céline Vetter Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Abstract The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization to the local environmental time cues, but this re-synchronization is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When such challenges are experienced chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, as for example in the case of rotating night shift workers. The transient and chronic disturbance of the circadian system is most frequently referred to as “circadian disruption”, but many other terms have been proposed and used to refer to similar situations. It is now beyond doubt that the circadian system contributes to health and disease, emphasizing the need for clear terminology when describing challenges to the circadian system and their consequences. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the terms used to describe disruption of the circadian system, discuss proposed quantifications of disruption in experimental and observational settings with a focus on human research, and highlight limitations and challenges of currently available tools. For circadian research to advance as a translational science, clear, operationalizable, and scalable quantifications of circadian disruption are key, as they will enable improved assessment and reproducibility of results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal research, to large-scale randomized clinical trials. -
Average Weight of Common Household Furniture
AVERAGE WEIGHT OF COMMON HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE Average Weight Average Weight FURNITURE TYPE (EMPTY) FURNITURE TYPE (EMPTY) Armoire (Large) 200 Bed Headboard (Full) 40 Armoire (Medium) 150 Bed Headboard (King) 55 Armoire (Small) 100 Bed Headboard (Queen) 45 Baby Changing Table 50 Bed Headboard (Twin) 20 Baby Crib (Frame) 40 Bed Rails 10 Baby Crib (Mattress) 15 Bench (Wooden) 75 Baby High Chair 30 Bicycle 25 Baby Play Pen 60 Book Case (Large) 100 Baby Stroller 25 Book Case (Medium) 75 Bar 175 Book Case (Small) 25 Bar Stool 15 Boxes 40 Bed - Double (Box Spring) 60 Boxspring (Full Size) 60 Bed - Double (Footboard) 25 Boxspring (Queen Size) 75 Bed - Double (Headboard) 40 Boxspring (Twin Size) 50 Bed - Double (Mattress/Pillow Top) 75 Breakfront 200 Bed - Double (Mattress/Standard) 60 Buffet 125 Bed - Double (Set of Rails) 10 Cabinet (Curio) 150 Bed - Queen Size (Boxspring) 75 Cabinet (w/ Glass) 100 Bed - Queen Size (Footboard) 35 Cabinet (Wooden) 125 Bed - Queen Size (Headboard) 45 Carpet (Rolled) 125 Bed - Queen Size (Mattress/Pillow Top) 100 Chair ( Recliner) 125 Bed - Queen Size (Mattress/Standard) 75 Chair (Desk) 35 Bed - Queen Size (Set Rails) 10 Chair (Dining/Arms) 20 Bed - Twin Size (Boxspring) 50 Chair (Dining/No Arms) 15 Bed - Twin Size (Footboard) 15 Chair (Glider) 85 Bed - Twin Size (Headboard) 20 Chair (Occasional) 75 Bed - Twin Size (Mattress/Pillow Top) 75 Chair (Open Arm) 15 Bed - Twin Size (Mattress/Standard) 50 Chair (Overstuffed) 85 Bed - Twin Size (Set of Rails) 10 Chair (Papasan) 50 Bed Footboard (Full) 25 Chair (Rocker) 20 Bed Footboard (King) 45 Chair (Straight Back) 35 Bed Footboard (Queen) 35 Chair (Wing) 75 Bed Footboard (Twin) 15 Chaise Lounge 100 Bed Frame (Metal) 25 Chest 75 CONTINUED . -
Using Bright Light and Melatonin to Reduce Jet Lag Helen J
Chapter 16 Using Bright Light and Melatonin to Reduce Jet Lag Helen J. Burgess Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL PROTOCOL NAME Using bright light and melatonin to reduce jet lag. GROSS INDICATION This is generally applicable to phase shifting the circadian clock in patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders or winter depression. SPECIFIC INDICATION Bright light and melatonin can be used to reduce jet lag after crossing at least two time zones east or west. CONTRAINDICATIONS Bright light should probably not be used in: l people with existing eye disease; l people using photosensitizing medications. Bright light can induce: l migraines (in about one-third of migraine sufferers); l mania (rare). Melatonin should probably not be used in: l people who are driving or operating heavy machinery (unless they have previously tested their response to melatonin and are taking ,0.5 mg of melatonin); l pregnant or nursing women (melatonin will transfer to the fetus/infant); l women seeking to become pregnant; Behavioral Treatments for Sleep Disorders. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381522-4.00016-X © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 151 152 PART I | BSM Treatment Protocols for Insomnia l children (unless they suffer from a neurodevelopmental condition associ- ated with extremely poor sleep); l asthmatics and patients with gastrointestinal disease (melatonin may be inflammatory); l patients using other medications (unless supervised by a physician). RATIONALE FOR INTERVENTION Rapid jet travel across multiple time zones produces a temporary misalign- ment between the timing of the central circadian clock and the desired sleep times in the new time zone. -
Choose the Perfect Sleeping Pillow for You 1 • Soft Support (All Down) • Medium Support (50/50 Feather and Down) • Convertible Support (Removable Insert)
Somnvie’s five TOUCH An unrivaled collection steps to a more of quality Sheet Sets, Pillow Cases, Shams and Duvet Covers. restful sleep. WARMTH Blankets and Comforters allow you to adjust your sleep temperature any time of the year. years of SUPPORT The right combination linens of Pillows layered expertise specifically to your 40 perfect sleep style. COMFORT Adjust your mattress The somnvie difference: with a Mattress Enhancer to create the perfect you work directly with foundation for restorative sleep. a brand associate to customize the bed of your PROTECT dreams—one tailored Mattress and Pillow Protectors keep exactly to your personal moisture, allergens and bugs away. tastes. The result is a healthier and more luxurious night’s sleep. Sleep better. Live better. Cool Simply White & Crisp Developed in Europe for Somnvie Cherry Blossom Pillow Cases And Shams using a luxurious percale weave and Extra Pillowcases and Pillow uniquely spun yarns, this collection Shams available. Buttery & Rain Cloud Soft, Cool & Crisp. Available in is for those who appreciate a fresh Standard, King, and Euro Square. sensation when sliding into bed. Sky Blue 200 Thread Count Duvet Cover Set Includes Duvet Cover and Simply White Pillow Shams. Buttery & Soft, Cool & Crisp. Available in Buttery Twin, Full / Queen and King. & Soft Sheet Set Uniquely crafted for Somnvie from Classic Cream Includes Fitted Sheet, Flat Sheet, ultra-fine yarns spun with American and set of Pillowcases. Available grown premium Supima Cotton, this in Twin, Twin XLong, Full, Queen, Sea Glass King and California King. collection is for those who enjoy an indulgently soft touch. -
Somnvie Mattress Encasement and Protectors Help Protect You From
Somnvie’s five TOUCH An unrivaled collection steps to a more of quality Sheet Sets, Pillow Cases, Shams and Duvet Covers. restful sleep. WARMTH Blankets and Comforters allow you to adjust your sleep temperature any time of the year. years of SUPPORT The right combination linens of Pillows layered expertise specifically to your 40 perfect sleep style. COMFORT Adjust your mattress The somnvie difference: with a Mattress Enhancer to create the perfect you work directly with foundation for restorative sleep. a brand associate to customize the bed of your PROTECT dreams—one tailored Mattress and Pillow Protectors keep exactly to your personal moisture, allergens and bugs away. tastes. The result is a healthier and more luxurious night’s sleep. Sleep better. Live better. Cool Simply White & Crisp Developed in Europe for Somnvie Cherry Blossom Pillow Cases And Shams using a luxurious percale weave and Extra Pillowcases and Pillow uniquely spun yarns, this collection Shams available. Buttery & Rain Cloud Soft, Cool & Crisp. Available in is for those who appreciate a fresh Standard, King, and Euro Square. sensation when sliding into bed. Sky Blue 200 Thread Count Duvet Cover Set Includes Duvet Cover and Simply White Pillow Shams. Buttery & Soft, Cool & Crisp. Available in Buttery Twin, Full / Queen and King. & Soft Sheet Set Uniquely crafted for Somnvie from Classic Cream Includes Fitted Sheet, Flat Sheet, ultra-fine yarns spun with American and set of Pillowcases. Available grown premium Supima Cotton, this in Twin, Twin XLong, Full, Queen, Sea Glass King and California King. collection is for those who enjoy an indulgently soft touch. -
Circadian Rhythms Fact Sheet
Circadian Rhythms Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. What are circadian rhythms? Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. These natural processes respond primarily to light and dark and affect most living things, including animals, plants, and microbes. Chronobiology is the study of circadian rhythms. One example of a light-related circadian rhythm is sleeping at night and being awake during the day. The image to the right shows the circadian rhythm cycle of a typical teen. What are biological clocks? Biological clocks are organisms’ natural timing devices, regulating the cycle of circadian rhythms. They’re composed of specific molecules (proteins) Circadian rhythm cycle of a typical teenager. that interact with cells throughout the body. Credit: NIGMS Nearly every tissue and organ contains biological clocks. Researchers have identified similar genes in people, fruit flies, mice, plants, fungi, and several What is the master clock? other organisms that make the clocks’ molecular A master clock in the brain coordinates all the components. biological clocks in a living thing, keeping the clocks in sync. In vertebrate animals, including humans, the master clock is a group of about 20,000 nerve cells (neurons) that form a structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN. The SCN is in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus and Light receives direct input from the eyes. Your brain’s “master clock” Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Hypothalamus (or SCN) receives (Soop-ra-kias-MA-tic NU-klee-us) (Hype-o-THAL-a-mus) light cues from the environment. -
Integrated Pest Management: Bed Bugs
IPM Handout for Family Child Care Homes INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: BED BUGS Common before the 1950s, bed bugs are back, showing up in homes, apartment buildings, dorm rooms, hotels, child care centers, and family child care homes. Adult bed bugs are flattened brownish-red insects, about ¼-inch long, the size of an apple seed. They’re fast movers, but they don’t fly or jump. They feed only on blood and can survive several months without a meal. When are bed bugs a problem? How to check for bed bugs Thankfully, bed bugs do not spread disease. } Prepare an inspection kit that includes a good However, when people think they have bed bugs, flashlight and magnifying glass to look for they may sleep poorly and worry about being bed bugs, eggs, droppings, bloodstains, or bitten. shed skins. Bed bug bites: } Inspect the nap area regularly. Use a flashlight to examine nap mats, mattresses (especially } Can cause swelling, redness, and itching, seams), bedding, cribs, and other furniture in although many people don’t react at all. the area. } Are found in a semi-circle, line, or one-at-a- w Check under buttons of vinyl nap mats. time. } Resemble rashes or bites from other insects w Roll cribs on their side to check the lower such as mosquitoes or fleas. portions. } Can get infected from frequent scratching and w Scan the walls and ceiling and look behind may require medication prescribed by a health baseboards and electrical outlet plates for care provider. bugs, eggs, droppings, bloodstains, and shed skins. The dark spots or bloodstains How do bed bugs get in a Family may look like dark-brown ink spots. -
Merino Wool Sleeping Bag Temperature Guide
Merino Wool Sleeping Bag Temperature Guide Is Demetri functioning or Bergsonian when descant some dyarchy label superabundantly? Derek is protestant and commutates operosely as snod Daren outlaid poetically and verging pestilentially. Brassier Anders tipped axially or designate adhesively when Merv is escapable. What tog should I buy before my child has Night Kids. Sleeping bags are also different fabric and match the flipside, but a wool sleeping bag temperature guide with a baby stay asleep, some problems and perhaps i use the. 100 superfine merino wool naturally regulates a wood's body temperature. Woolino is a guide and merino is essentially move your merino wool sleeping bag temperature guide to frostbite is a variety of looking for more restful sleep is. 35 Tog for addition room temperatures 12-15 Degrees Celsius. Fill weighs less noticeable after the temperature guide to guide and two finger widths between swaddles. Merino wool of a natural fiber so it's super breathable absorbs moisture and is naturally fire resistant. We want to merino wool blanket or baby safe? Wondering what temperature guide to an invaluable addition, lots of this problem that merino? Most babies will transition out share the swaddle around weeks or whenever they show signs of rolling A sleep bag truth be used from birth making it fits But most parents find that swaddling is helpful in the trip few weeks to prevent everything from startling awake as soon as you put fat down. It ends up around a merino wool for baby sleeping? Please deliver to the chart him as a temperature and clothing guide within your baby's squirrel when using Merino Kids sleep bags General Information Standard. -
Bed Bug Fact Sheet
New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services Consumer and Environmental Health Services Public Health, Sanitation and Safety Program Bed Bug Fact Sheet What are bed bugs? Bed bugs are small insects that feed on the blood of mammals and birds. Adult bed bugs are oval, wingless and rusty red colored, and have flat bodies, antennae and small eyes. They are visible to the naked eye, but often hide in cracks and crevices. When bed bugs feed, their bodies swell and become a brighter red. In homes, bed bugs feed primarily on the blood of humans, usually at night when people are sleeping. What does a bed bug bite feel and look like? Typically, the bite is painless and rarely awakens a sleeping person. However, it can produce large, itchy welts on the skin. Welts from bed bug bites do not have a red spot in the center – those welts are more characteristic of flea bites. Are bed bugs dangerous? Although bed bugs may be a nuisance to people, they are not known to spread disease. They are known to cause allergic reactions from their saliva in sensitive people. How long do bed bugs live? The typical life span of a bed bug is about 10 months. They can survive for weeks to months without feeding. How does a home become infested with bed bugs? In most cases, bed bugs are transported from infested areas to non-infested areas when they cling onto someone’s clothing, or crawl into luggage, furniture or bedding that is then brought into homes. How do I know if my home is infested with bed bugs? If you have bed bugs, you may also notice itchy welts on you or your family member’s skin. -
Jet Lag and Shift Work Sleep Disorders: How to Help Reset the Internal Clock
REVIEW CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Readers will suggest strategies to lessen jet lag and shift work disorders CREDIT BHANU P. KOLLA, MBBS R. ROBERT AUGER, MD Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Rochester, MN Jet lag and shift work sleep disorders: How to help reset the internal clock ■■ABSTRACT or people who must travel long dis- F tances east or west by air or who must work Jet lag sleep disorder and shift work sleep disorder are the night shift, some relief is possible for the the result of dyssynchrony between the internal clock and grogginess and disorientation that often ensue. the external light-dark cycle, brought on by rapid travel The problems arise from the body’s internal across time zones or by working a nonstandard schedule. clock being out of sync with the sun. Part of Symptoms can be minimized by optimizing the sleep the solution involves helping reset the inter- nal clock, or sometimes, preventing it from environment, by strategic avoidance of and exposure to resetting itself. light, and also with drug and behavioral therapies. This review will focus on jet lag sleep disor- der and shift work sleep disorder, with an em- ■■KEY POINTS phasis on the causes, the clinical assessment, and evidence-based treatment options. Symptoms include daytime anergia, alternating com- plaints of insomnia and hypersomnia, emotional dis- ■ WHEN THE INTERNAL CLOCK turbances, and gastrointestinal distress. The severity IS OUT OF SYNC WITH THE SUN depends on the degree and the duration of dyssynchrony, as well as on innate factors such as age and whether the Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are the re- patient is an “early bird” or a “night owl.” sult of dyssynchrony between the body’s inter- nal clock and the external 24-hour light-dark cycle. -
Sleep Disorders Preeti Devnani
SPECIAL ISSUE 1: INVITED ARTICLE Sleep Disorders Preeti Devnani ABSTRACT Sleep disorders are an increasingly important and relevant burden faced by society, impacting at the individual, community and global level. Varied presentations and lack of awareness can make accurate and timely diagnosis a challenge. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are a priority. The key characteristics, clinical presentations and management strategies of common sleep disorders such as circadian rhythm disorders, restless legs syndrome, REM behavior disorder, hypersomnia and insomnia are outlined in this review. Keywords: Hypersomnia, Insomnia, REM behavior International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery (2019): 10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1362 INTRODUCTION Department of Neurology and Sleep Disorder, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Sleep disorders are becoming increasingly common in this modern Dhabi, United Arab Emirates era, resulting from several lifestyle changes. These complaints may Corresponding Author: Preeti Devnani, Department of Neurology present excessive daytime sleepiness, lack of sleep or impaired and Sleep Disorder, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, quality, sleep related breathing disorders, circadian rhythm disorder e-mail: [email protected] misalignment and abnormal sleep-related movement disorders.1 How to cite this article: Devnani P. Sleep Disorders. Int J Head Neck They are associated with impaired daytime functioning, Surg 2019;10(1):4–8. increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, poor Source of support: Nil glycemic control, risk of cognitive decline and impaired immunity Conflict of interest: None impacting overall morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of sleep disorders is clinical in many scenarios, The following circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders adapted polysomnography is a gold standard for further evaluation of from the ICSD-3: intrinsic sleep disorder such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). -
Influence of Chronotype and Social Zeitgebers on Sleep/Wake Patterns
914Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2008) 41: 914-919 A.L. Korczak et al. ISSN 0100-879X Influence of chronotype and social zeitgebers on sleep/wake patterns A.L. Korczak1, B.J. Martynhak1, M. Pedrazzoli2, A.F. Brito1 and F.M. Louzada1 1Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Departamento de Psicobiologia/Instituto de Sono, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil Correspondence to: A.L. Korczak, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, UFPR, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Inter-individual differences in the phase of the endogenous circadian rhythms have been established. Individuals with early circadian phase are called morning types; those with late circadian phase are evening types. The Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is the most frequently used to assess individual chronotype. The distribution of MEQ scores is likely to be biased by several fact, ors, such as gender, age, genetic background, latitude, and social habits. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different social synchronizers on the sleep/wake cycle of persons with different chronotypes. Volunteers were selected from a total of 1232 UFPR undergraduate students who completed the MEQ. Thirty-two subjects completed the study, including 8 morning types, 8 evening types and 16 intermediate types. Sleep schedules were recorded by actigraphy for 1 week on two occasions: during the school term and during vacation. Sleep onset and offset times, sleep duration, and mid-sleep time for each chronotype group were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test separately for school term and vacation.