Sensitivities of Habitats and Importance Values of Species

Annex A

1 ANNEX A – SENSITIVITIES OF HABITATS AND IMPORTANCE VALUES OF SPECIES

To assess an impact on a receptor, a sensitivity/value must be assigned to the receptor which includes both habitats and species. This document, which is in support of the Impact Assessment, describes how the sensitivities of the habitats and the importance of species have been assessed and assigns an overall sensitivity/importance value to the receptor. To determine the significance of an impact the sensitivity/value of the receptor is then evaluated against the magnitude of impact (see Chapter 3 for details of the assessment methodology). Determination of the impact significance can be found in the Impact Assessment in Chapter 6 of the EIA.

1.1 SENSITIVITIES OF HABITATS

There are two habitats that may be impacted by the Project: the benthic environment and the water column. Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 below assess the conservation value of the benthic environment and water column respectively against a set of criteria, giving an overall evaluation of their value.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 1

Table 1.1 Evaluating the Conservation Value of the Sigguk Block Benthic Environment

Criterion Quality / Importance Conservation and Protection Status 1. Protection Status LOW: The area does not fall The extent to which the habitat is protected: Protected Areas (PA); Conservation Priority Areas not currently under within a Protected Area or a protection (CPA); and Rest of World (RoW). Conservation Priority Area. • PA: those areas of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal and other effective means eg Ramsar, Special Protection Areas and World Heritage Sites. • CPA: those areas that are not currently under protected status but have been identified by governments and/or the scientific or conservation community as having a high conservation priority eg WWF Global 200 Ecoregions and Conservation International’s Biodiversity Hotspots and Wilderness Areas. • RoW: the remaining areas not specifically included in PAs or CPAs, which may contain areas of high quality or importance that are yet to be identified or which are important at a local level for example. The extent to which the habitat is being actively managed with nature conservation in mind and with specific management objectives in place. Ecosystem Structure and Functioning 2. Naturalness HIGH: The area is highly The 'naturalness' of the habitat must be assessed. Modified environments are environments in which human activity has natural, there is no evidence of modified the area’s primary ecological functions, for example, through fishing or the introduction of alien species. trawl scarring from the site surveys.

3. Fragility LOW: The seabed is regularly The fragility and sensitivity of the habitat and its ability to recover (either naturally or with assistance) from disturbance, disturbed by iceberg scour. including invasion by alien species must be assessed. Benthic communities within this environment will be adapted to this disturbance. The ability of the habitat to withstand invasion by alien species is unknown but will be limited by the harsh environmental conditions (low temperatures and regular disturbance). 4. Representativeness HIGH: The seabed within the The extent to which the habitat is considered to be an excellent example of important natural or semi-natural vegetation Sigguk block is thought to be types in terms of the flora communities (and their associated fauna) that it contains. highly representative of the

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2 CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 Criterion Quality / Importance seabed offshore West Greenland.

5. Structure and Function MEDIUM: The seabed in the The extent to which the habitat provides an important structure or serves an important function. This includes: Sigguk block is part of a • comprising an ecological corridor between other isolated habitats of ecological importance; contiguous environment that • importance in the context of faunal migrations; or connects the Arctic Sea with • importance in the context of lifecycles (breeding, nursery or feeding grounds). north east Atlantic and may form part of faunal migration routes. 6. Species Association - Reliance LOW: There are no known The extent to which the habitat contains and is relied upon by concentrations of species that are: protected or endemic species in • endemic or restricted range; the seabed in the Sigguk block • nationally or locally rare (particularly Red Book species or those protected under national or international legislation and it is similar to many other or listed by IUCN); seabed areas offshore West • keystone species, upon which other species may be reliant for their survival; Greenland. • suffering serious reduction nationally or locally; • at the edge of their ranges; • present in notably large populations; • unique assemblages of species associated with key evolutionary processes; or • uncommon or threatened in a wider context.

If the species have been evaluated by IUCN the following rankings should be applied: • High Importance – Critically Endangered or Endangered • Medium Importance – Vulnerable • Low Importance – Near Threatened, Least Concern or Data Deficient (precautionary principle may need to be applied).

7. Diversity LOW: Species diversity in the The diversity of the habitats and their individual species richness and diversity (including genetic diversity) are important. Sigguk block is low in In general, the greater the total number of species recorded, the greater the conservation interest of the area. comparison to shallower areas. Ecosystem Services 8. Supporting Services LOW: This area of the seabed The extent to which the habitat provides supporting services such as primary production, soil formation and nutrient will be subject to varying levels recycling. of detritus and other organic matter from the surface. Most of the species within this community will be adapted to make use of this food source

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 3 CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 Criterion Quality / Importance which forms a nutrient recycling function. However, this is not considered critical to the functioning of the ecosystem. 9. Provisioning Services LOW: This area does not The extent to which the habitat provides ‘provisioning services’, (ie products or goods) such as food (from fishing, hunting appear to be fished and is too or gathering), fibre, natural building materials, water and genetic resources. deep to have other provisioning services. 10. Regulating Services LOW: Not applicable to this The extent to which the habitat is important to and/or provides regulating services (ie functions and regulatory processes) habitat. such as coastal protection, regulation of floods, drought, climate/micro-climate and disease. 11. Cultural Services LOW: Surveys for this Project The extent to which the habitat provides cultural services (ie non-material benefits) such as recreational (including eco- may provide some material of tourism), culturally important landscape, spiritual and religious benefits. The research interest and education potential of general scientific interest but the site or the recorded history of the site (eg surveys, scientific studies, published papers). The loss of an irreplaceable the area is not thought to be biological record would be particularly significant. remarkable in this respect and offers no other cultural services. Overall Evaluation LOW

Table 1.2 Evaluating the Conservation Value of the Sigguk Block Water Column

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 4 CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 Criterion Quality / Importance Ecosystem Structure and Functioning 2. Naturalness HIGH: The area is highly The 'naturalness' of the habitat must be assessed. Modified environments are environments in which human activity has natural. modified the area’s primary ecological functions, for example, through fishing or the introduction of alien species. 3. Fragility LOW: The Sigguk block lies The fragility and sensitivity of the habitat and its ability to recover (either naturally or with assistance) from disturbance, within the flow of several including invasion by alien species must be assessed. strong currents that flush the water column and result in a low residence time. 4. Representativeness HIGH: The water column The extent to which the habitat is considered to be an excellent example of important natural or semi-natural vegetation within the Sigguk block is types in terms of the flora communities (and their associated fauna) that it contains. thought to be highly representative of water in the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. 5. Structure and Function MEDIUM: The water column The extent to which the habitat provides an important structure or serves an important function. This includes: in the Sigguk block is part of a • comprising an ecological corridor between other isolated habitats of ecological importance; contiguous environment that • importance in the context of faunal migrations; or connects the Arctic Sea with • importance in the context of lifecycles (breeding, nursery or feeding grounds). north east Atlantic and may form part of faunal migration routes. 6. Species Association - Reliance MEDIUM: Many of the marine The extent to which the habitat contains and is relied upon by concentrations of species that are: mammals that pass through • endemic or restricted range; these waters are listed as being • nationally or locally rare (particularly Red Book species or those protected under national or international legislation Endangered on the IUCN Red or listed by IUCN); List or Critically Endangered on • keystone species, upon which other species may be reliant for their survival; the Greenland Red List. • suffering serious reduction nationally or locally; However, it is thought that • at the edge of their ranges; these species are not dependant • present in notably large populations; on the Sigguk block for • unique assemblages of species associated with key evolutionary processes; or migrations or breeding • uncommon or threatened in a wider context. grounds.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 5 CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 Criterion Quality / Importance 7. Diversity LOW: The offshore waters of The diversity of the habitats and their individual species richness and diversity (including genetic diversity) are important. the Sigguk block support low In general, the greater the total number of species recorded, the greater the conservation interest of the area. numbers of fauna in comparison to the coastal areas off the west coast of Greenland. Ecosystem Services 8. Supporting Services LOW: Most primary The extent to which the habitat provides supporting services such as primary production, soil formation and nutrient production occurs in coastal recycling. waters. The residence time of water is too short to allow much recycling of nutrients to take place. 9. Provisioning Services LOW: This area does not The extent to which the habitat provides ‘provisioning services’, (ie products or goods) such as food (from fishing, hunting appear to be fished and is too or gathering), fibre, natural building materials, water and genetic resources. deep to have other provisioning services. 10. Regulating Services LOW: Not applicable to this The extent to which the habitat is important to and/or provides regulating services (ie functions and regulatory processes) habitat. such as coastal protection, regulation of floods, drought, climate/micro-climate and disease. 11. Cultural Services LOW: Surveys for this Project The extent to which the habitat provides cultural services (ie non-material benefits) such as recreational (including eco- may provide some material of tourism), culturally important landscape, spiritual and religious benefits. The research interest and education potential of general scientific interest but the site or the recorded history of the site (eg surveys, scientific studies, published papers). The loss of an irreplaceable the area is not thought to be biological record would be particularly significant. remarkable in this respect and offers no other cultural services. Overall Evaluation LOW

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 6 CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 1.2 SPECIES IMPORTANCE VALUES

The importance of species found in western Greenland has been evaluated in Table 1.3 to Table 1.13 below. Fish species have been grouped together according to whether they are predominantly demersal or pelagic, with an additional table for species with a higher protection status. All bird species have been grouped together with the exception of species with a higher protection status, which can be found in a separate table. Marine mammals have been grouped into cetaceans, seals, walrus and polar bear.

Table 1.3 Evaluating the Importance Value of Primary Producers and Zooplankton Assemblages

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Low No species are protected or listed by the IUCN or Greenland Red List. Conservation Low Phytoplankton and zooplankton are abundant throughout Status the study area and the wider region. Ecosystem Low Although primary producers and zooplankton are critical to Functioning ecosystem functioning, the area potentially impacted by the project is small relative to the overall region so significant alterations to the overall abundance of primary producers and zooplankton are not expected. • Ecosystem Low Plankton play a critical role in primary production and services – Calanus sp. are an extremely important food source to many supporting fish, larvae, whales and seabirds. However, those found services within the licence area are only an insignificant proportion of the overall population. • Ecosystem Low Plankton are an important food source to other marine services – species but are not exploited directly. Those found within provisioning the licence area are only an insignificant proportion of the services overall population. • Ecosystem Low Primary producers and zooplankton have a critical role in services – regulating services – primary producers and zooplankton are regulating the base of the food chain and the structure of the services zooplankton community is a determinant of an area’s fish potential. However, those found within the licence area are only an insignificant proportion of the overall population. • Ecosystem Low No role in terms of being iconic, or important for recreational services – or other cultural reasons. cultural services Overall Low Importance

Table 1.4 Evaluating the Importance Value of Benthic Organisms

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Low No species are protected or listed by the IUCN or Greenland Red List. Conservation Low Due to the nature of the benthic environment species Status abundance is often low. However, most species found in the licence area are common benthic species to the area. Ecosystem Low Benthic organisms play a role in ecosystem functioning. Functioning

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 7 Criteria Importance Reasoning • Ecosystem Low Benthic invertebrates are a food source for many fish species, services – some seals and walrus. However, the natural low abundance supporting of benthic invertebrates in the licence area means potential services predators will have other foraging sites and be able to forage elsewhere. • Ecosystem Low Some species such as shrimp have commercial value and are services – being exploited. However, the licence area is not important provisioning for benthic fisheries as it is not considered essential to services commercial fisheries (1). • Ecosystem Low Benthic organisms play a minimal role in regulating services. services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low No role in terms of being iconic, or important for recreational services – or other cultural reasons. cultural services Overall Low Importance

Table 1.5 Evaluating the Importance Value of Demersal Fish Species

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium Demersal fish species that have been assessed on the IUCN Red List are listed as Least Concern, meaning they are considered to be at low risk of extinction. Greenland Shark (a bentho-pelagic species) is assessed as Near Threatened, which is not considered a high status. Conservation Low Most fish species are common to the region. Status Ecosystem Low Demersal fish species play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Low Demersal fish species play a role in the transfer of nutrients services – between ecosystems and from one part of an ecosystem to supporting another. They are part of the food chain, being not only prey services species to other fish but they also utilise benthic invertebrates as a food source. • Ecosystem Low Some demersal fish species have commercial value and are services – being exploited. Although records show halibut have provisioning previously been fished within the licence area, drilling services activities are not considered a serious concern to commercial fishing activities in western Greenland (2). • Ecosystem Low No role in regulating services. services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low Demersal fish species are not iconic. services – cultural services Overall Low Importance

(1) Meeting with representatives of fishing organizations KNAPK, Royal Greenland and AP (Nuuk) 2 February 2010. (2) Meeting with representatives of fishing organizations KNAPK, Royal Greenland and AP (Nuuk) 2 February 2010.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 8

Table 1.6 Evaluating the Importance Value of Pelagic Fish Species

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium Pelagic fish species that have been assessed on the IUCN Red List are listed as Least Concern, meaning they are considered to be at low risk of extinction. Conservation Low Most fish species are common to the region. Status Ecosystem Low Pelagic fish species play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Low Many pelagic fish species are a food source to marine services – mammals, other fish and seabirds, contributing to the transfer supporting of nutrients between ecosystems and from one part of an services ecosystem to another. The licence area is relatively small and is unlikely to be the only foraging area for predators. • Ecosystem Low Some pelagic fish species have commercial value and are services – being exploited. Although records show halibut have provisioning previously been fished within the licence area, drilling services activities are not considered a serious concern to commercial fishing activities in western Greenland (1). • Ecosystem Low No role in regulating services. services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low Pelagic fish species are not iconic. They have a small role in services – terms of being important for recreational reasons and may be cultural part of subsistence fisheries. However, subsistence fisheries in services the licence area are unlikely due to its offshore and deep water location. Overall Low Importance

Table 1.7 Evaluating the Importance Value of Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium. Listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List Conservation Medium These species have declining populations. Status Ecosystem Low These species are among several species that play a role in Functioning ecosystem functions. • Ecosystem Low These species are among several species that play a role in the services – transfer of nutrients between ecosystems and from one part of supporting an ecosystem to another. Atlantic cod are prey species for services marine mammals. • Ecosystem Low These species have commercial value, however, the licence services – area is not important for commercial fisheries. provisioning services

(1) Meeting with representatives of fishing organizations KNAPK, Royal Greenland and AP (Nuuk) 2 February 2010.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 9 Criteria Importance Reasoning • Ecosystem Low. No role in regulating services services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low These species have a minimal role in terms of being iconic, or services – important for recreational or other cultural reasons. cultural services Overall Medium Importance

Table 1.8 Evaluating the Importance Value of Seabird Species

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium Seabird species are listed as Least Concern (Ivory Gull is Near Threatened) on the IUCN Red List, which means they are at low risk of extinction and (apart from the exceptions found in the next table) are listed as Least Concern or Near Threatened on Greenland’s Red List. Conservation Low Seabird species are not threatened and mostly abundant in Status western Greenland. Ecosystem Low Several species play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Medium Several species play an important role in the transfer of services – nutrients between ecosystems and from one part of an supporting ecosystem to another. Seabirds (and their eggs and chicks) services are a food source for killer whales, polar bears and some other seabirds. • Ecosystem Low Historically seabirds are an important source of food for services – Inuits. However, seabird subsistence hunting is unlikely to provisioning occur in the licence area due to its offshore location. services • Ecosystem Low No role in regulating services. services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low Some seabird species have cultural value as they are hunted services – by Inuits, although this is unlikely in the licence area. cultural services Overall Low Importance

Table 1.9 Evaluating the Importance Value of the Common Eider, Black-Legged Kittiwake, Brünnich’s guillemot (Thick-billed murre) and Ivory Gull

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status High Listed as Vulnerable or Endangered in Greenland’s Red List. Conservation Medium Listed as least concern (Ivory Gull is Near Threatened) on the Status IUCN Red List so there is a low risk of extinction; however, they are protected in Greenland as they appear on the Greenland Red List.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 10 Criteria Importance Reasoning Ecosystem Low Not critical to ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Low These are among several species that play role in the transfer services – of nutrients between ecosystems and from one part of an supporting ecosystem to another. services • Ecosystem Low Brünnich’s guillemot provides a subsistence resource for services – Inuits. Although their swimming migration may pass in the provisioning vicinity of the licence area, subsistence hunting of the services Brünnich’s guillemot is not expected in the area. • Ecosystem Low No or minimal role in regulating services. services – regulating services • Ecosystem Low These species are not iconic. Brünnich’s guillemot may have services – some cultural value due to hunting by Inuits, although it is cultural unlikely to take place in the licence area. services Overall Medium Importance

Table 1.10 Evaluating the Importance Value of Cetaceans

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status High. Fin and blue whale are listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Beluga and narwhal are listed as Critically Endangered and bowhead whale is listed as Near Threatened on Greenland’s Red List. Conservation High Several species are highly listed on the IUCN Red List or Status Greenland’s Red List. Ecosystem High Several species play a major role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Medium Several species play an important role in the transfer of services – nutrients between ecosystems and from one part of an supporting ecosystem to another. services • Ecosystem High Many species of Cetacean are hunted and have both a services – considerable commercial value and a subsistence value for provisioning local people and Inuits. services • Ecosystem High Many Species have a critical role in regulating services as services – they are apex predators. regulating services • Ecosystem High Many species are culturally iconic species for indigenous, services – national and international human populations. In addition cultural certain species are essential to national cultural importance. services Overall High Importance

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 11 Table 1.11 Evaluating the Importance Value of Seals

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium All five seal species are listed as Least Concern or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The harbour seal is listed as Critically Endangered on Greenland’s Red List. (High – harbour seals only). Conservation Status Low All seal species are common in western Greenland, except for harbour seals which are rare in this area. (Medium – harbour seals only). Ecosystem Medium Seals play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Medium These species play a role in ecosystem functions by the services – transfer of nutrients between ecosystems and from one supporting part of an ecosystem to another. services • Ecosystem Medium All seal species in western Greenland are hunted and services – have both commercial value and subsistence value for provisioning local people and Inuits. They are also prey species for services killer whales and polar bears. • Ecosystem Medium The shear abundance of seals in western Greenland services – indicates that they have an ecosystem regulating role. regulating services • Ecosystem Medium Seals are important to national culture and the Inuit services – cultural population. services Overall Importance Medium

Table 1.12 Evaluating the Importance Value of Walrus

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status High Endangered on the Greenland Red List. Conservation Status High Walrus are known as rare in Greenland but their global status is undefined (Data Deficient on the IUCN red list). A precautionary approach would assume a high conservation status. Ecosystem Medium Walrus play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Medium These species play a role in ecosystem functions by the services – transfer of nutrients between ecosystems and from one supporting part of an ecosystem to another. services • Ecosystem Medium Walrus provide an important subsistence resource to the services – Inuit population. provisioning services • Ecosystem Medium Walrus have a role in regulating services in pebble sea services – beds given their limited habitat and narrow food niche, regulating which sees them predominantly feeding on bivalves from services pebble sea beds in waters less than 80 m deep. • Ecosystem Medium Walrus are important to national culture and the Inuit services – cultural population. services Overall Importance High

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Table 1.13 Evaluating the Importance Value of Polar Bears

Criteria Importance Reasoning Protection Status Medium Listed as Vulnerable on the both the IUCN and Greenland Red List. Conservation Status Medium Polar bears are rare in this part of western Greenland. Ecosystem Medium Polar bear play a role in ecosystem functions. Functioning • Ecosystem Medium Polar bear play a role in ecosystem functions by the services – transfer of nutrients between ecosystems and from one supporting part of an ecosystem to another. services • Ecosystem Medium Polar bear provide an important subsistence resource to services – the Inuit population, although commercial/subsistence provisioning importance in this area is not considered high. services • Ecosystem High Polar bears have a critical role in regulating services as services – they are apex predators. regulating services • Ecosystem High Polar bear are culturally iconic species for indigenous, services – cultural national and international human populations. They are services also of national cultural importance to the Inuit population. Overall Importance Medium

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CAPRICORN GREENLAND EXPLORATION-1 13 Annex B

RPS Metocean, Geophysical and Benthic Survey Report

Environmental Appendix Report

DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

February 26th, 2010

Prepared by Prepared for

McGregor GeoScience Limited CAPRICORN GREENLAND 177 Blue Water Road, EXPLORATION No 1 Ltd Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada 50 Lothian Road, B4B 1H1 Edinburgh, Scotland, UK EH3 9BY

Prepared for

Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

Environmental Appendix Report DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

Client Project Manager: I. Watt McGregor Project Manager: R. Hunter Interpretation and Report By: U. Lobsiger, D. Tzekakis McGregor Project Number: 0931 McGregor Document Number: EAR-0931-rev1

VERSION TRACKING

Rev. Date of Issue Issued for Original Checked by Distributed to Company

0 February 23, 2010 Review DT JH S. Cashmore RPS

1 February 26, 2010 Review DT JH S. Cashmore RPS

Document Control Authority – Rick Hunter Issued by: McGregor GeoScience Limited

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

AR Aqua Regia AW Arctic Water BMP Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (Greenland) CDGPS Canada-wide Differential Global Positioning System cm centimetre(s) CRP Common Reference Point DGPS Differential Global Positioning System GPS Global Positioning System ID Identification L Litre(s) LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide MDS Mean Two-Dimensional ml millilitre(s) mm millimetre(s) mN meters North MP Megapixel ng/g monogram(s) per gram ON Ontario, Canada PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million PSA Particle Size Analysis psu Practical Salinity Units RDL Reportable Detection Limit REDOX Reduction-oxidation potential TD Total Digestion TrW Transition Water µm micrometer(s) µg/g microgram(s) per gram UTM Universal Transverse Mercator WGIW West Greenland Intermediate Water

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WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 WGSW West Greenland Surface Water

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS...... II LIST OF TABLES ...... V LIST OF FIGURES...... VII APPENDICIES ...... VIII 1 OPERATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES ...... 1 1.1 SEDIMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING...... 1 1.1.1 Sediment Sampling ...... 2 1.1.2 Environmental Sampling...... 2 1.2 SEAWATER SAMPLING...... 6 2 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS...... 7 2.1 PARTICAL SIZE ANALYSIS ...... 7 2.2 HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS...... 8 2.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND HYRDOCARBONS...... 14 2.4 PAH ANALYSIS ...... 18 3 SEAWATER ANALYSIS...... 23 3.1 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS ...... 23 3.2 PH ANALYSIS...... 24 3.3 NUTRIENTS ANALYSIS ...... 24 3.4 TRACE METAL ANALYSIS...... 25 3.5 CHLOROPHYLL ANALYIS...... 27 4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS ...... 28 4.1 METHODS OF ANALYSIS...... 28 4.2 COMMUNITY COMPOSITIONS ...... 28 4.2.1 Alpha Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities ...... 29 4.2.2 Beta Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities ...... 29 4.2.3 Gamma Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities...... 30 4.2.4 Comparison of the three Sites based on Macrobenthic Communities...... 31 5 SEAWATER RESULTS ...... 33 5.1 SEA TEMPERATURE ...... 33 5.2 SALINITY ...... 34 6 HABITAT INTERPRETATION ...... 35

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Environmental Boxcore Samples and Locations 3 Table 1.2 Environmental Grab Samples and Locations 5 Table 1.3 Alpha, Beta and Gamma Benthic Photograph Locations 5 Table 1.4 Water Sampling Locations and Approximate Depths 6 Table 2.1 Sediment Analytical Services Summary 7 Table 2.2 PSA Summary Alpha 8 Table 2.3 PSA Summary Beta 8 Table 2.4 PSA Summary Gamma 8 Table 2.5 PSA Summary Regional Sites 8 Table 2.6 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Alpha Site 9 Table 2.7 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion Alpha Site 10 Table 2.8 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Beta Site 10 Table 2.9 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion Beta Site 11 Table 2.10 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Gamma Site 12 Table 2.11 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Regional Sites 13 Table 2.12 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion 14 Table 2.13 Organic Compound Summary Alpha Site (concentrations in µg/g) 14 Table 2.14 Organic Compound Summary Beta/Regional Sites (concentrations in µg/g) 15 Table 2.15 Organic Compound Summary Gamma Site (concentrations in µg/g) 15 Table 2.16 N-Alkanes Summary Alpha (concentrations in ng/g) 16 Table 2.17 N-Alkanes Summary Beta (concentrations in ng/g) 17 Table 2.18 N-Alkanes Summary Gamma (concentrations in ng/g) 18 Table 2.19 PAH Results Alpha (concentrations in ng/g) 18 Table 2.20 Total EPA 16 PAH Alpha (concentrations in ng/g) 19 Table 2.21 PAH Results Beta (concentrations in ng/g) 20 Table 2.22 Total EPA 16 PAH Beta (concentrations in ng/g) 21 Table 2.23 PAH Results Gamma (concentrations in ng/g) 21 Table 2.24 Total EPA 16 PAH Gamma (concentrations ng/g) 22 Table 3.1 Seawater Analytical Services Summary 23 Table 3.2 Petroleum Hydrocarbon Values Alpha, Beta, Gamma Sites 23 Table 3.3 pH of Water Samples Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites 24

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Table 3.4 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Alpha Site 24 Table 3.5 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Beta Site 25 Table 3.6 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Gamma Site 25 Table 3.7 Trace Metal Results Alpha Site 26 Table 3.8 Trace Metal Results Beta Site 26 Table 3.9 Trace Metal Results Gamma Site 27 Table 3.10 Chlorophyll Content Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites 27 Table 4.1 Summary Statistics Alpha (Macrobenthos Only) 29 Table 4.2 Summary Statistics Beta (Macrobenthos Only partial results) 30 Table 4.3 Summary Statistics Gamma (Macrobenthos Only) 31 Table 5.1 Sea Temperature Averages from Alpha, Beta Gamma in °C 33 Table 5.2 Salinity Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites in psu 34

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LIST OF FIGURES

All figures follow the main body of the report.

Section One Figure 1.1 Regional Map with Sediment Sampling and Camera Locations Figure 1.2 Regional Map with Water Sampling Locations

Section Two Figure 2.1 Alpha Site Ternary Diagram – Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.2 Alpha Site Ternary Diagram – Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel Figure 2.3 Beta Site Ternary Diagram – Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.4 Beta Site Ternary Diagram – Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel Figure 2.5 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram – Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.6 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram – Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel

Section Three Figure 3.1 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities – Alpha Figure 3.2 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities – Beta Figure 3.3 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities – Gamma Figure 3.4 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities – Alpha Figure 3.5 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities – Beta Figure 3.6 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities – Gamma Figure 3.7 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities – Comparison Figure 3.8 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities – Comparison

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APPENDICIES

Appendix 1 PSA (Particle Size Analysis) for selected Samples from Stations 001, 002, 003 and 012 – Size Range Phi -4 to Phi +4 (Dry Sieve Method by Maxxam) – Data Tables of Results with Histograms Appendix 2 Community Composition Matrix Appendix 3 ERT Chromatograms

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1 OPERATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES

Sediment, environmental, geochemical and water samples were collected from Alpha, Beta and Gamma sites, off West Greenland in Disko West blocks 1 & 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua), between July.24th and October.10th, 2009 (Figure 1.1). The blocks are held by Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd. (Capricorn), an affiliate of Cairn Energy of Edinburgh. The survey was conducted by McGregor GeoScience Limited (McGregor) of Halifax, Nova Scotia and employed the survey vessels, STRAIT EXPLORER and STRAIT SIGNET. The STRAIT SIGNET collected seabed samples (Van Veen grab, gravity and box cores) at 11 locations and multibeam bathymetry throughout the regional survey area. The STRAIT EXPLORER contributed seafloor photography at a total of 18 seafloor photograph stations.

All surveys were referenced to the WGS84 ellipsoid and positioned using GPS with pseudo-range corrections data generated by the Canadian based CDGPS network. All data was corrected for vessel motion using survey grade motion reference units and all data was referenced to the vessel Common Reference Point (CRP) using survey accuracy gyrocompasses. All depth data was referenced to lowest astronomical tide (LAT). Detailed reports of the survey operations have been submitted to Capricorn under separate covers; Strait Signet Survey Report and Strait Explorer Survey Report.

Sediment, environmental and water sampling procedures were designed based on client supplied scope of work.

1.1 SEDIMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING Sediment sampling was undertaken to provide a baseline environmental assessment of both physico-chemical properties and macrofauna communities present within sediments. Seabed sampling locations were selected based on results from the backscatter and bathymetry with the intention to acquire regional and site specific benthic habitat and soil geochemical data. Exploration geochemical analysis for headspace gas screening and extraction was also completed.

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1.1.1 Sediment Sampling Seabed sampling methods included 3-metre gravity coring, double Van Veen Grab sampling and a modified Gray-O’Hara 0.25m2 box corer. Seabed sampling locations were selected based on results from the backscatter and sub-bottom data.

Physico-chemical samples collected via the a modified Gray-O’Hara 0.25m2 box corer and double Van Veen grab sampler from 11 stations. A total of 65 drops were executed and resulted in 48 successful boxcore recoveries. Each sample was further sub-sampled for macrofaunal determination using duplicate 0.1m2 templates and physico-chemical subsamples in the remaining surface area. The sediment left between the templates within the box corer was sub-sampled for physico-chemistry analysis. When feasible a single push fore sample was obtained from key stations to recover and extrude three vertical sub-samples at 1cm, 1-3cm and 3-6cm depths for physico-chemical determination. A plastic spoon was used for trace metal samples and a stainless steel spoon for organic chemistry and grain size analysis samples. Physico-chemistry subsamples for organic chemistry and trace metal analysis were frozen in 250 ml glass jars, whereas the samples for grain size analysis were stored in 250 ml plastic jars at room temperature. Additionally, the 3m gravity corer produced a total of 13 core samples of various lengths. These cores were cut into core sections and designated as replicates for BMP or sub-sampled for headspace gas and other geochemical parameters.

1.1.2 Environmental Sampling

The environmental sampling program utilized a modified Gray-O’Hara 0.25m2 box borer and a double Van Veen grab sampler. Sampling locations were distributed over the three site survey and regional survey areas (Figure 1.1) with a total of 76 samples from 11 stations. Sampling was made difficult by the presence of boulder sized drop stones at the Gamma and Alpha sites. Once the box cores were collected and accepted, any excess water was siphoned off the top of the sediment through a 0.50mm mesh stainless steel sieve. A digital photograph of the sediment and box core ID tag was taken and the depth of the void above the sediment was logged. If the sample was fully intact REDOX measurements were taken.

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Sub-sampling consisted of pushing two 0.1m2 stainless steel macrofauna templates into the sediment corer. Sediment from the two macrofauna sub-sampling templates was washed and sieved in the Wilson Auto-Siever before being preserved in a 10% Formol saline solution. Macrofauna samples were stored in plastic containers, the size of which was dictated by sample size.

Table 1.1 Environmental Boxcore Samples and Locations Easting (WGS84, Northing (WGS84, Site Core Designation Latitude Longitude Zone 21N) Zone 21N) Alpha 0931-BC013-R1 445912 7804008 70 20 10.3770 N 58 26 25.1729 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R2 445911 7804017 70 20 10.6666 N 58 26 25.2891 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R3 445895 7804020 70 20 10.7512 N 58 26 26.8292 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R4 445905 7803977 70 20 09.3712 N 58 26 25.7733 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R5 445877 7803959 70 20 08.7690 N 58 26 28.4156 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R6 445908 7804007 70 20 10.3416 N 58 26 25.5539 W Alpha 0931-BC013-R7 445901 7803998 70 20 10.0459 N 58 26 26.2043 W Alpha 0931-BC016-R1 446277 7800968 70 18 32.5519 N 58 25 43.3543 W Alpha 0931-BC016-R5 446280 7800972 70 18 32.6832 N 58 25 43.0762 W Alpha 0931-BC016-R6 446280 7800980 70 18 32.9414 N 58 25 43.0942 W Alpha 0931-BC017-R4 444762 7802523 70 19 21.5678 N 58 28 11.9344 W Alpha 0931-BC017-R5 444762 7802511 70 19 21.1806 N 58 28 11.9067 W Alpha 0931-BC017-R6 444758 7802516 70 19 21.3388 N 58 28 12.3013 W Alpha 0931-BC017-R7 444761 7802538 70 19 22.0511 N 58 28 12.0649 W Beta 0931-BC004-R1 382444 7826177 70 30 48.0269 N 60 09 31.4428 W Beta 0931-BC004-R2 382421 7826174 70 30 47.8916 N 60 09 33.6483 W Beta 0931-BC004-R3 382424 7826171 70 30 47.7999 N 60 09 33.3436 W Beta 0931-BC004-R4 382443 7826175 70 30 47.9607 N 60 09 31.5293 W Beta 0931-BC004-R5 382415 7826172 70 30 47.8171 N 60 09 34.2175 W Beta 0931-BC004-R6 382434 7826174 70 30 47.9134 N 60 09 32.3932 W Beta 0931-BC004-R7 382434 7826181 70 30 48.1390 N 60 09 32.4283 W Beta 0931-BC004-R8 382432 7826181 70 30 48.1357 N 60 09 32.6214 W Beta 0931-BC005-R1 379813 7825118 70 30 09.4494 N 60 13 40.0459 W Beta 0931-BC005-R2 379844 7825123 70 30 09.6580 N 60 13 37.0727 W Beta 0931-BC005-R3 379845 7825127 70 30 09.7856 N 60 13 36.9856 W Beta 0931-BC005-R4 379835 7825123 70 30 09.6344 N 60 13 37.9098 W Beta 0931-BC005-R5 379837 7825112 70 30 09.2833 N 60 13 37.6604 W Beta 0931-BC006-R1 379904 7828064 70 31 44.5377 N 60 13 46.3474 W Beta 0931-BC006-R2 379906 7828054 70 31 44.2188 N 60 13 46.1028 W Beta 0931-BC006-R3 379892 7828059 70 31 44.3418 N 60 13 47.4788 W

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Table 1.1 Environmental Boxcore Samples and Locations Continued Easting (WGS84, Northing (WGS84, Site Core Designation Latitude Longitude Zone 21N) Zone 21N) Beta 0931-BC006-R4 379893 7828053 70 31 44.1745 N 60 13 47.4018 W Beta 0931-BC006-R5 379865 7828052 70 31 44.0803 N 60 13 50.0676 W Gamma 0931-BC001-R1 407260 7797503 70 16 00.5224 N 59 27 41.9739 W Gamma 0931-BC001-R2 407247 7797507 70 16 00.6199 N 59 27 43.2103 W Gamma 0931-BC001-R3 407263 7797510 70 16 00.7457 N 59 27 41.6642 W Gamma 0931-BC001-R4 407260 7797530 70 16 01.3703 N 59 27 42.0478 W Gamma 0931-BC001-R5 407286 7797523 70 16 01.1905 N 59 27 39.4927 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R1 408980 7796765 70 15 38.9224 N 59 24 54.9879 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R2 408983 7796756 70 15 38.6469 N 59 24 54.6517 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R3 408976 7796759 70 15 38.7346 N 59 24 55.3310 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R4 408990 7796748 70 15 38.3978 N 59 24 53.9534 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R5 408940 7796753 70 15 38.4950 N 59 24 58.7434 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R6 408973 7796765 70 15 38.9243 N 59 24 55.6400 W Gamma 0931-BC002-R7 408974 7796763 70 15 38.8611 N 59 24 55.5370 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R1 404102 7799907 70 17 13.8469 N 59 32 52.9521 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R2 404101 7799910 70 17 13.9423 N 59 32 53.0596 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R3 404105 7799910 70 17 13.9477 N 59 32 52.6775 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R4 404110 7799910 70 17 13.9544 N 59 32 52.1998 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R5 404119 7799905 70 17 13.8053 N 59 32 51.3200 W Gamma 0931-BC003-R6 404119 7799917 70 17 14.1923 N 59 32 51.3680 W Gamma 0931-BC012-R1 408619 7798344 70 16 29.3961 N 59 25 35.4287 W Gamma 0931-BC012-R2 408614 7798344 70 16 29.3897 N 59 25 35.9062 W Gamma 0931-BC012-R3 408554 7798253 70 16 26.3775 N 59 25 41.2885 W Regional 0931-BC021-R1 384698 7821249 70 28 12.9279 N 60 05 29.5534 W Regional 0931-BC021-R2 384669 7821245 70 28 12.7562 N 60 05 32.3653 W Regional 0931-BC021-R3 384694 7821247 70 28 12.8551 N 60 05 30.0098 W Regional 0931-BC021-R4 384673 7821225 70 28 12.1235 N 60 05 31.8488 W Regional 0931-BC021-R5 384686 7821238 70 28 12.5434 N 60 05 30.6463 W Regional 0931-BC021-R6 384682 7821239 70 28 12.5648 N 60 05 31.0814 W

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Table 1.2 Environmental Grab Samples and Locations Easting (WGS84, Northing (WGS84, Site Grab Designation Latitude Longitude Zone 21N) Zone 21N) 58 25 42.3084 Alpha 0931-GS-016-R2 446288 7800971 70 18 32.6570 N W 58 25 42.2127 Alpha 0931-GS-016-R3 446289 7800971 70 18 32.6578 N W 58 25 42.5020 Alpha 0931-GS-016-R4 446286 7800972 70 18 32.6878 N W 58 28 12.3712 Alpha 0931-GS-017-R1 444757 7802522 70 19 21.5387 N W 58 28 11.3752 Alpha 0931-GS-017-R2 444768 7802522 70 19 21.5323 N W 58 28 11.1694 Alpha 0931-GS-017-R3 444770 7802517 70 19 21.3880 N W

The Seatronics DTS6000 drop camera system was commissioned for deep-sea camera operations. The camera provided 5 MP still photographs of the sea bottom for determination of sediment composition. Digital color seafloor photographs of the seafloor were acquired at 18 stations; largely concentrated in the three site survey areas. Approximately 35 to 42 useable photographs were recorded at each station with the vessel position recorded from surface DGPS as the vessel drifted.

Table 1.3 Alpha, Beta and Gamma Benthic Photograph Locations

Alpha Site

Station Easting (m) Northing (m) Useful Photos Per Station

13 445906 7803994 40 14 446327 7805359 43 15 448149 7803377 44 16 446287 7800970 40 17 444765 7802519 38 18 443830 7804131 34 Beta Site

Station Easting (m) Northing (m) Useful Photos Per Station

4 382433 7826179 33 5 379843 7825119 30 6 379900 7828053 35 8 377541 7826144 40 Gamma Site Station Easting (m) Northing (m) Useful Photos Per Station 1 407269 7797508 41 002b 408978 7796759 47 3 404102 7799909 46 10 405164 7798766 52 11 406328 7796770 25 12 408601 7798347 33

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1.2 SEAWATER SAMPLING Water quality profiling and sampling was undertaken at each site (Figure 1.2). Water quality profiling was undertaken with a Valeport Multiparameter CTD+ in continuous recording mode. The instrument was equipped with sensors for conductivity, temperature and pressure, as well as dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity. Water sampling was carried out with Niskin water samplers at four depths: surface, 2m, mid- depth and 5m above the seafloor.

Both operations were carried out at Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Sites immediately after the deployment of the ADCP Moorings, at distances of approximately 500m to avoid any interference. The positions and water sampling depths are presented in Table 1.1.

Near surface water samples were taken using an 8L Horizontal Niskin 1010 while the water column was sampled with 5L Niskin 1010 Teflon coated water samplers. The water samplers were deployed over the vessel transom using the sampling winch and vessel A-frame. Sampling intervals were adjusted at each site to accommodate the site- specific water depths. Sampling depths were determined using a mechanical cable counter and the sampling bottles were triggered mechanically with Niskin brass messengers. Upon recovery, individual bottles were removed on deck and secured in a custom-designed bottle rack. Corresponding samples of water were then withdrawn into sample containers for specific analyses, either pre-cleaned or rinsed with a partial seawater sample. The containers were labelled and stored in coolers for shipment to the laboratory upon return to Nova Scotia, with one exception. Four litres of seawater from the surface samplers were processed on board using a Millipore filter apparatus with vacuum pump. The sample was filtered through glass microfibre filters (Whatman GF/C – 47mm diameter at 1.2 µm porosity). The filters were then folded over with forceps, placed into a labelled 50 mm Petri Dish and, wrapped with Aluminum foil and stored frozen for transfer to the designated laboratory.

Table 1.4 Water Sampling Locations and Approximate Depths Intermediate Mid-water Bottom Station Northing Easting Top Sample Sample Depth Sample Depth Sample Name (mN) (mE) Depth (m) (m) (m) Depth (m) Alpha 7,803,344 446,207 -0.10 -2.0 -150 -315 Beta 7,824,508 377,069 -0.10 -2.0 -344 -650 Gamma 7,797,270 405,821 -0.10 -2.0 -230 -460

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2 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS

A summary of analysis performed on the sediment samples collected is outlined below in Table 2.1

Table 2.1 Sediment Analytical Services Summary Analysis Type Laboratory Location Analysis QC/AC Particle Size Analysis Maxxam Bedford, NS Coarse, Dry Sieve SCC/CALA Fine, Laser NELAP/NELAC Particle Size Analysis Actlabs Ancaster, ON Diffraction Aqua Regia NELAP, ISO/IEC Digestion, Total 17025 Heavy Metal Actlabs Ancaster, ON Digestion, Mercury THC – Total ISO/IEC 17025 - Hydrocarbons, n- 2005 alkanes, PAH Organics ERT Ltd. Edinburgh, UK Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Decalins

2.1 PARTICAL SIZE ANALYSIS Two types of analysis were conducted for PSA (particle size analysis): The fine fraction below 2mm was analyzed by Actlabs of Ancaster, ON using laser diffraction with a Mastersizer 2000 from Malvern Instruments (after sieving through a 1.00mm mesh sieve that will pass larger oblong particles). The coarse fraction above 63µm was processed by Maxxam in their Bedford, NS laboratory using the dry sieve method. A summary of results from Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Regional sites are presented below in Table 2.2 through 2.5.

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Table 2.2 PSA Summary Alpha

Parameter RDL 013-R4 013-R6 013-R7 017-R5 Mean Max Min Gravel-Pebble % 0.1 6.0 14.0 0.0 7.0 6.8 14.0 0.0 Sand % 0.1 33.2 44.4 41.0 24.0 35.7 44.4 24.0 Silt % 0.1 56.4 38.7 55.5 63.5 53.5 63.5 38.7 Clay % 0.1 4.4 2.9 3.5 5.4 4.0 5.4 2.9 TOC % 0.05 0.410 0.510 0.290 0.025 0.309 0.510 0.025 LOI % 3.26 2.64 2.67 4.58 3.29 4.58 2.64

Table 2.3 PSA Summary Beta

Parameter RDL 004-R6 005-R1 005-R2 005-R4 006-R1 Mean Max Min Gravel-Pebble % 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.0 5.0 0.0 2.2 6.0 0.0 Sand % 0.1 17.2 31.1 28.7 23.4 14.7 23.02 31.1 14.7 Silt % 0.1 69.7 59.9 55.4 62.3 74.6 64.38 74.6 55.4 Clay % 0.1 13.1 9.1 9.9 9.3 10.6 10.4 13.1 9.1 TOC % 0.05 0.390 0.640 0.470 0.025 0.380 0.381 0.640 0.025 LOI % 6.60 5.90 6.13 6.13 6.35 6.22 6.35 5.90

Table 2.4 PSA Summary Gamma

Parameter RDL 001-R2 001-R3 003-R3 003-R6 012-R3 Mean Max Min Gravel-Pebble % 0.1 6.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 3.2 6.0 0.1 Sand % 0.1 40.7 47.8 26.2 33.0 36.5 36.84 47.8 0.1 Silt % 0.1 50.4 46.9 65.7 62.4 57.0 56.48 65.7 0.1 Clay % 0.1 2.9 3.3 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.48 4.1 0.1 TOC % 0.05 0.29 0.24 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.121 0.290 0.025 LOI% 3.21 2.17 4.10 5.11 3.84 3.67 5.11 2.17

Table 2.5 PSA Summary Regional Sites

Parameter RDL 021-R1 021-R3 021-R5 Mean Max Min Gravel-Pebble % 0.1 0 11 3 4.7 11 0 Sand % 0.1 42.87 23.12 24.83 30.27 42.87 23.12 Silt % 0.1 50.84 39.66 63.39 51.30 50.84 39.66 Clay % 0.1 6.32 7.02 8.79 7.38 8.79 6.32 TOC % 0.05 0.220 0.650 0.580 0.48 0.650 0.220 LOI % 6.82 8.10 8.25 7.72 8.25 6.82

2.2 HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS

Samples collected from Alpha, Beta and Gamma sites have been analyzed for heavy metals via Aqua Regia Digestion and Total Digestion. Aqua Regia digestion uses a combination of concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acids to leach sulphides, some oxides and some silicates. Total digestion is the most vigorous used in geochemistry, using hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids. Even with this digestion, certain minerals may not go into solution and some will be volatilized erratically, such as Cr and As. Therefore it cannot be used for the quantitative interpretation of As, Cr and

McGregor GeoScience Limited 8 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey others. Mercury content was determined using the Hg-Cold Vapour Flow-Induction Mass Spectroscopy method of analysis. Results for Alpha, Beta and Gamma are found in Tables 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8.

Table 2.6 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Alpha Site

Alpha Aqua Regia Metal Unit RDL BC013-R4 BC013-R5 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 Al % 0.01 1.75 1.54 1.7 2.05 Fe % 0.01 2.81 2.5 2.67 3.06 Ba ppm 0.5 97.6 76.4 88.3 118 Sr ppm 0.5 55.9 52.6 54.9 62.5 V ppm 1 59 60 57 62 Ni ppm 0.1 68.5 68.7 72.2 68 Cu ppm 0.01 25.3 27.8 27.1 28.2 Cr ppm 0.5 88.4 72.9 105 73.1 As ppm 0.1 4.4 4.7 < 0.1 2.2 Pb ppm 0.01 8.48 6.6 6.91 9.39 Cd ppm 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 Zn ppm 0.1 41.9 39.2 40.5 47.4 Alpha Total Digestion Metal Unit RDL BC013-R4 BC013-R5 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 Al % 0.01 6.66 6.32 6.58 5.43 Fe % 0.01 3.74 3.53 3.65 3.58 Ba ppm 0.5 523 484 512 496 Sr ppm 0.5 259 258 260 238 V ppm 1 67 108 91 93 Ni ppm 0.1 82.5 87.2 83.8 70.8 Cu ppm 0.01 29 34.2 29 31.3 Cr ppm 0.5 236 246 251 195 As ppm 0.1 1.8 6.8 2.2 8.3 Pb ppm 0.01 17.5 16.3 15.3 19.4 Cd ppm 0.01 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Zn ppm 0.1 53.8 53.9 48.7 54.2 Alpha - Hg (HGFIMS) Metal Unit RDL BC013-R4 BC013-R5 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 Hg ppb 0.05 15 12 14 17

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Table 2.7 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion Alpha Site

Alpha Aqua Regia as a Percentage of Total Digestion

Metal Unit BC013-R4 BC013-R5 BC013-R7 BC017-R5

Al % 26.28 24.37 25.84 37.75

Fe % 75.13 70.82 73.15 85.47

Ba % 18.66 15.79 17.25 23.79

Sr % 21.58 20.39 21.12 26.26

V % 88.06 55.56 62.64 66.67

Ni % 83.03 78.78 86.16 96.05

Cu % 87.24 81.29 93.45 90.10

Cr % 37.46 29.63 41.83 37.49

As % 244.44 69.12 #VALUE! 26.51

Pb % 48.46 40.49 45.16 48.40

Cd % n/a n/a n/a n/a

Zn % 77.88 72.73 83.16 87.45 * Highlighted cells indicate values > 100%

Table 2.8 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Beta Site

Beta Aqua Regia Metal Unit RDL BC004-R3 BC004-R5 BC004-R6 BC005-R1 BC005-R2 BC005-R4 BC006-R1 BC006-R2 BC006-R4 Al % 0.01 2.51 2.84 2.42 2.6 2.73 2.85 2.6 2.59 2.63 Fe % 0.01 4.05 4.63 3.78 4.13 4.38 4.43 4.13 3.99 4.06 Ba ppm 0.5 310 329 275 317 342 323 306 286 322 Sr ppm 0.5 85.8 91.6 79.4 90.7 92.9 94.6 86.3 80.4 84.4 V ppm 1 85 92 74 86 94 91 88 83 88 Ni ppm 0.1 71.2 76.1 65.2 73.6 74.6 72.7 70.1 64.3 69.6 Cu ppm 0.01 37.8 39.9 34.9 39.4 41.4 40.3 39.6 36 41.6 Cr ppm 0.5 84.2 101 82.4 106 99.8 110 89.3 102 87.2 As ppm 0.1 5.2 4.1 5.4 4.1 8.2 7.1 6.1 6 5 Pb ppm 0.01 14.1 14.8 13.1 12.6 14 14.8 13.8 14 12.7 Cd ppm 0.01 0.11 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.09 Zn ppm 0.1 77.5 85.6 72.8 82.8 89 87.4 80.3 76 84.7 Beta Total Digestion Metal Unit RDL BC004-R3 BC004-R5 BC004-R6 BC005-R1 BC005-R2 BC005-R4 BC006-R1 BC006-R2 BC006-R4 Al % 0.01 7.24 5.73 4.4 2.82 7.07 5.72 6.95 7.07 7.04 Fe % 0.01 4.77 4.95 4.87 3.81 4.82 4.21 4.57 4.45 4.83 Ba ppm 0.5 739 752 729 593 736 652 701 670 713 Sr ppm 0.5 300 299 298 235 280 251 270 253 282 V ppm 1 107 125 124 95 94 95 87 84 108 Ni ppm 0.1 84 89.3 85 72.9 79 72.6 76.4 74.3 82.8 Cu ppm 0.01 51.8 47.3 45 37.6 41.3 36.9 42.7 38.9 45.5 Cr ppm 0.5 169 152 158 155 146 144 151 148 160 As ppm 0.1 9.7 12.7 15.2 9.5 11.1 5.4 11.1 6 11.7 Pb ppm 0.01 26.2 22.4 22.2 19.7 21.7 19.6 21.5 20.8 19.5 Cd ppm 0.01 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zn ppm 0.1 98.2 98.3 99.3 84.7 89.4 80.9 94.9 83.4 97.8

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Beta - Hg (HGFIMS) Metal Unit RDL BC004-R3 BC004-R5 BC004-R6 BC005-R1 BC005-R2 BC005-R4 BC006-R1 BC006-R2 BC006-R4 Hg ppb 0.05 34 35 32 32 34 35 34 33 31

Table 2.9 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion Beta Site

Beta Aqua Regia as a Percentage of Total Digestion

Metal Unit BC004-R3 BC004-R5 BC004-R6 BC005-R1 BC005-R2 BC005-R4 BC006-R1 BC006-R2 BC006-R4

Al % 34.67 49.56 55.00 92.20 38.61 49.83 37.41 36.63 37.36

Fe % 84.91 93.54 77.62 108.40 90.87 105.23 90.37 89.66 84.06

Ba % 41.95 43.75 37.72 53.46 46.47 49.54 43.65 42.69 45.16

Sr % 28.60 30.64 26.64 38.60 33.18 37.69 31.96 31.78 29.93

V % 79.44 73.60 59.68 90.53 100.00 95.79 101.15 98.81 81.48

Ni % 84.76 85.22 76.71 100.96 94.43 100.14 91.75 86.54 84.06

Cu % 72.97 84.36 77.56 104.79 100.24 109.21 92.74 92.54 91.43

Cr % 49.82 66.45 52.15 68.39 68.36 76.39 59.14 68.92 54.50

As % 53.61 32.28 35.53 43.16 73.87 131.48 54.95 100.00 42.74

Pb % 53.82 66.07 59.01 63.96 64.52 75.51 64.19 67.31 65.13

Cd % 55.00 50.00 55.00 90.00 100.00 110.00 100.00 100.00 90.00

Zn % 78.92 87.08 73.31 97.76 99.55 108.03 84.62 91.13 86.61 * Highlighted cells indicate values > 100%

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Table 2.10 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Gamma Site

Gamma Aqua Regia Metal Unit RDL BC001-R2 BC001-R3 BC002-R1 BC002-R3 BC003-R2 BC003-R3 BC003-R6 BC012-R3 Al % 0.01 1.19 1.39 1.21 1.33 1.54 1.6 2.14 1.61 Fe % 0.01 1.86 1.88 1.8 2.01 2.49 2.66 3.25 2.62 Ba ppm 0.5 103 86.2 76.9 98.9 125 155 199 139 Sr ppm 0.5 43.7 45.1 40.4 47.2 53.9 59.7 70.5 57.5 V ppm 1 47 56 40 53 49 59 69 61 Ni ppm 0.1 27.4 35.2 26.2 31.9 32.2 36.5 41.1 36.4 Cu ppm 0.01 20.8 22.8 16.1 23 25 27.1 33.7 27.3 Cr ppm 0.5 79.4 75 108 61.4 137 116 136 133 As ppm 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.2 3.5 3.1 6.5 2.7 Pb ppm 0.01 5.63 4.19 4.04 4.72 10.4 11.8 16.6 10.7 Cd ppm 0.01 0.07 0.12 0.1 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.03 Zn ppm 0.1 37.2 35.6 27.7 37.1 43.8 56.6 64.4 55.7 Gamma Total Digestion Metal Unit RDL BC001-R2 BC001-R3 BC002-R1 BC002-R3 BC003-R2 BC003-R3 BC003-R6 BC012-R3 Al % 0.01 4.05 5.79 6.36 6.43 6.81 6.54 6.85 6.33 Fe % 0.01 2.44 2.66 2.59 2.84 3.63 3.34 3.87 3.22 Ba ppm 0.5 523 533 535 596 598 585 671 562 Sr ppm 0.5 238 273 298 266 327 299 324 273 V ppm 1 59 57 60 58 89 61 89 71 Ni ppm 0.1 38.4 47.8 38 42 51 44.1 53.4 41.8 Cu ppm 0.01 20.4 24 20.8 20.2 43.5 59.5 37.2 23.8 Cr ppm 0.5 166 181 237 131 265 202 177 181 As ppm 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.8 3.6 6.9 8.2 3.7 6.6 Pb ppm 0.01 14.9 13.3 13.6 15.2 17.9 20.7 23.4 19.4 Cd ppm 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Zn ppm 0.1 44 44.7 43.5 42.5 60.3 68.4 78.7 52.9 Gamma - Hg HGFIMS Metal Unit RDL BC001-R2 BC001-R3 BC002-R1 BC002-R3 BC003-R2 BC003-R3 BC003-R6 BC012-R3 Hg ppb 0.05 10 7 8 8 16 21 25 19

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Table 2.11 Heavy Metal Analysis Summary Regional Sites

Regional Aqua Regia Metal Unit RDL BC021-R1 BC021-R3 BC021-R5 Al % 0.01 3.07 2.91 2.61 Fe % 0.01 4.43 4.47 4.08 Ba ppm 0.5 343 356 319 Sr ppm 0.5 91 92.5 84.7 V ppm 1 91 91 88 Ni ppm 0.1 81.5 79.8 70.1 Cu ppm 0.01 42.4 42.5 38.9 Cr ppm 0.5 86.5 76.6 71.8 As ppm 0.1 6.7 4.2 5.7 Pb ppm 0.01 13.9 13.7 13 Cd ppm 0.01 0.11 0.12 0.1 Zn ppm 0.1 88.8 90.1 82.9 Regional Total Digestion Metal Unit RDL BC021-R1 BC021-R3 BC021-R5 Al % 0.01 5.85 5.57 7.1 Fe % 0.01 4.69 4.72 4.63 Ba ppm 0.5 738 737 729 Sr ppm 0.5 264 262 266 V ppm 1 103 108 81 Ni ppm 0.1 79.5 80.3 77.2 Cu ppm 0.01 43.3 41.4 38.9 Cr ppm 0.5 114 134 122 As ppm 0.1 7.6 8.7 10.1 Pb ppm 0.01 23.2 22.2 21.7 Cd ppm 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.1 Zn ppm 0.1 96.1 94.6 86.6 Regional - Hg (HGFIMS) Metal Unit RDL BC021-R1 BC021-R3 BC021-R5 Hg ppb 0.05 42 31 31

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Table 2.12 Aqua Regia as % Total Digestion

Gamma Aqua Regia as a Percentage of Total Digestion

Metal Unit BC001-R2 BC001-R3 BC002-R1 BC002-R3 BC003-R2 BC003-R3 BC003-R6 BC012-R3

Al % 29.38 24.01 19.03 20.68 22.61 24.46 31.24 25.43

Fe % 76.23 70.68 69.50 70.77 68.60 79.64 83.98 81.37

Ba % 19.69 16.17 14.37 16.59 20.90 26.50 29.66 24.73

Sr % 18.36 16.52 13.56 17.74 16.48 19.97 21.76 21.06

V % 79.66 98.25 66.67 91.38 55.06 96.72 77.53 85.92

Ni % 71.35 73.64 68.95 75.95 63.14 82.77 76.97 87.08

Cu % 101.96 95.00 77.40 113.86 57.47 45.55 90.59 114.71

Cr % 47.83 41.44 45.57 46.87 51.70 57.43 76.84 73.48

As % #VALUE! #VALUE! 28.95 5.56 50.72 37.80 175.68 40.91

Pb % 37.79 31.50 29.71 31.05 58.10 57.00 70.94 55.15

Cd % 70.00 60.00 100.00 90.00 60.00 70.00 70.00 #VALUE!

Zn % 84.55 79.64 63.68 87.29 72.64 82.75 81.83 105.29 * Highlighted cells indicate values > 100%

2.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND HYRDOCARBONS Organic compounds and hydrocarbons analysis results as reported by ERT of Edinburgh, Scotland are summarised in the tables below and Appendix 3. Table 2.6 presents an overview of the range and average concentrations for a number of organic compound classes, while Table 2.7 depicts the equivalent results for n-alkanes. Both sets of data are used to assess the source of organic carbon in the sediment, distinguishing between terrestrial and marine sources, and for the latter, biogenic or thermogenic origin.

Table 2.13 Organic Compound Summary Alpha Site (concentrations in µg/g)

nC12- nC12- nC12- nC21- nC12- Pr/Ph 2-6 Station THC UCM nC21-36 Pristane Decalins 20 36 20 36 36 ratio ringPAH BC013-R7 2.2 1.1 0.14 0.36 0.51 1.03 2.07 1.68 0.025 5.03 0.286 <0.4

BC017-R5 2.2 1.2 0.11 0.32 0.43 1.03 2.58 1.99 0.017 4.91 0.196 <0.4

BC017-R5 2.2 1.2 0.11 0.34 0.46 1.04 2.57 2.01 0.023 6.77 0.178 <0.4

AVG 2.20 1.17 0.12 0.34 0.47 1.03 2.41 1.89 0.022 5.57 0.22 <0.4

MIN 2.20 1.10 0.11 0.32 0.43 1.03 2.07 1.68 0.017 4.91 0.18 <0.4

MAX 2.20 1.20 0.14 0.36 0.51 1.04 2.58 2.01 0.025 6.77 0.29 <0.4

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Table 2.14 Organic Compound Summary Beta/Regional Sites (concentrations in µg/g)

nC nC nC nC nC nC Pr/Ph 2-6 Station THC UCM 12- 21- 12- 12- 21- 12- Pristane Decalins 20 36 36 20 36 36 ratio ringPAH BC021-R3 3.9 2.1 0.24 0.65 0.90 1.05 2.64 2.01 0.029 4.49 0.350 <0.4

BC021-R5 3.3 1.6 0.22 0.54 0.75 1.00 2.40 1.83 0.025 3.87 0.320 <0.4

BC021-R6 2.6 1.2 0.20 0.50 0.71 1.00 2.53 1.89 0.023 4.20 0.354 <0.4

BC004-R1 4.3 1.9 0.29 0.78 1.06 1.04 2.54 1.96 0.037 4.26 0.386 <0.4

BC004-R3 3.8 1.8 0.25 0.72 0.98 0.88 2.54 1.88 0.031 4.84 0.347 <0.4

BC004-R6 3.4 1.5 0.23 0.65 0.89 1.02 2.66 2.02 0.032 3.65 0.335 <0.4

BC004-R8 3.8 1.7 0.24 0.66 0.90 1.04 2.63 2.01 0.034 5.30 0.336 <0.4

BC005-R2 3.4 1.7 0.24 0.70 0.95 1.03 2.58 1.99 0.031 3.66 0.348 <0.4

BC005-R3 3.9 1.9 0.26 0.71 0.97 1.01 2.64 1.99 0.034 3.39 0.355 <0.4

BC005-R5 4.0 1.8 0.25 0.71 0.97 0.97 2.62 1.97 0.033 3.66 0.311 <0.4

BC006-R1 3.3 1.5 0.24 0.65 0.90 1.03 2.72 2.04 0.032 4.62 0.327 <0.4

BC006-R3 4.2 2.1 0.27 0.79 1.05 1.02 2.35 1.87 0.034 3.30 0.428 <0.4

BC006-R5 4.2 2.0 0.26 0.78 1.04 1.01 2.40 1.90 0.030 3.06 0.399 <0.4

AVG 3.70 1.75 0.25 0.68 0.93 1.01 2.56 1.95 0.031 4.02 0.35 <0.4

MIN 2.60 1.20 0.20 0.50 0.71 0.88 2.35 1.83 0.023 3.06 0.31 <0.4

MAX 4.30 2.10 0.29 0.79 1.06 1.05 2.72 2.04 0.037 5.30 0.43 <0.4

Table 2.15 Organic Compound Summary Gamma Site (concentrations in µg/g)

nC nC nC nC nC nC Pr/Ph 2-6 Station THC UCM 12- 21- 12- 12- 21- 12- Pristane Decalins 20 36 36 20 36 36 ratio ringPAH BC001-R2 1.4 0.5 0.10 0.32 0.42 0.87 2.69 2.01 0.013 3.84 0.100 <0.4

BC001-R3 1.5 0.6 0.09 0.31 0.40 0.84 2.69 2.03 0.015 3.83 0.098 <0.4

BC001-R3 0.9 0.2 0.06 0.17 0.23 0.79 2.76 1.96 0.007 2.69 0.055 <0.4

BC002-R4 1.0 0.3 0.07 0.19 0.27 0.78 2.91 1.94 0.008 3.85 0.073 <0.4

BC002-R5 1.5 0.6 0.08 0.27 0.35 0.81 2.80 2.02 0.009 3.07 0.084 <0.4

BC003-R2 1.5 0.7 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.89 3.16 2.34 0.012 3.16 0.082 <0.4

BC003-R3 1.9 0.8 0.07 0.29 0.36 0.96 3.34 2.49 0.009 2.61 0.072 <0.4

BC003-R4 1.9 0.8 0.07 0.29 0.36 0.94 2.96 2.31 0.011 2.57 0.082 <0.4

BC012-R3 1.6 0.7 0.07 0.27 0.33 0.92 3.07 2.33 0.011 3.70 0.077 <0.4

BC012-R3 2.3 1.2 0.09 0.35 0.44 1.01 3.11 2.37 0.014 2.96 0.111 <0.4

AVG 1.55 0.64 0.08 0.27 0.35 0.88 2.95 2.18 0.011 3.23 0.08 <0.4

MIN 0.90 0.20 0.06 0.17 0.23 0.78 2.69 1.94 0.007 2.57 0.06 <0.4

MAX 2.30 1.20 0.09 0.35 0.44 1.01 3.34 2.49 0.014 3.85 0.11 <0.4

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Table 2.16 N-Alkanes Summary Alpha (concentrations in ng/g)

Station No. BC013-R4 BC013-R6 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 BC017-R5 nC12 7.8 9.8 10.0 9.4 9.1 nC13 14.7 17.1 16.5 14.6 13.3 nC14 10.2 12.9 12.1 9.8 9.7 nC15 17.9 24.8 19.2 14.7 15.0 nC16 11.8 13.5 13.9 10.4 10.4 nC17 14.8 15.9 17.2 13.3 14.6 nC18 12.3 14.2 14.1 11.1 12.1 nC19 15.3 17.5 19.4 14.2 15.1 nC20 15.5 18.4 20.2 14.1 14.3 nC21 17.4 19.6 20.1 16.3 15.9 nC22 17.1 19.6 23.0 15.4 16.2 nC23 21.4 25.0 25.9 20.3 20.8 nC24 16.0 19.1 20.2 14.7 15.9 nC25 31.3 37.4 35.5 29.4 31.2 nC26 19.9 22.5 23.8 16.4 18.2 nC27 49.4 55.7 49.7 48.4 47.6 nC28 19.4 22.3 19.9 17.9 18.7 nC29 48.1 53.3 48.1 53.6 53.3 nC30 11.9 13.2 12.5 10.9 11.4 nC31 60.9 57.8 39.5 50.7 51.2 nC32 6.4 8.0 6.6 6.7 7.4 nC33 22.9 25.8 19.8 6.7 22.5 nC34 8.8 10.5 11.0 6.3 7.7 nC35 4.8 6.5 6.3 5.0 5.2 nC36 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.0 total Alk.(µg/g) 0.477 0.541 0.506 0.432 0.458 Pristane 18.6 19.8 24.5 17.5 22.9 Phytane 3.3 4.3 4.9 3.6 3.4

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Table 2.17 N-Alkanes Summary Beta (concentrations in ng/g)

BC004- BC004- BC004- BC004- BC005- BC005- BC005- BC006- BC006- BC006- Station No. R1 R3 R6 R8 R2 R3 R5 R1 R3 R5 nC12 23.0 27.6 20.1 20.6 20.6 23.8 25.4 22.7 21.0 20.4 nC13 38.7 34.6 32.2 31.9 35.3 38.1 33.8 34.9 37.2 37.5 nC14 26.6 24.4 21.2 23.5 22.4 23.1 23.2 23.6 25.1 24.1 nC15 33.0 26.4 25.4 29.7 29.0 26.3 26.1 27.1 28.7 28.6 nC16 28.2 25.1 22.5 21.8 23.3 23.3 25.0 22.3 25.2 26.9 nC17 37.4 27.8 30.3 31.8 29.7 31.4 34.5 31.8 34.0 33.5 nC18 29.5 27.2 23.7 23.7 24.8 26.7 26.8 23.2 27.3 26.5 nC19 36.8 30.1 30.1 28.9 30.0 34.0 31.1 29.7 35.1 32.3 nC20 33.0 30.7 28.6 27.7 29.2 31.8 28.7 27.5 34.1 32.6 nC21 37.0 33.7 30.7 33.3 32.9 35.1 32.3 30.3 35.0 33.9 nC22 34.9 31.4 29.4 29.0 32.7 31.4 29.6 29.1 34.8 38.3 nC23 44.9 41.8 37.8 38.2 38.1 40.7 39.8 37.5 46.9 45.5 nC24 34.1 32.2 28.4 28.9 29.8 31.2 30.9 27.5 33.8 34.0 nC25 61.3 58.6 52.0 54.3 56.8 56.3 58.4 50.2 61.1 63.0 nC26 42.0 37.9 34.4 36.6 38.6 41.9 37.7 34.5 41.5 47.0 nC27 106 97.6 88.8 89.3 94.6 95.3 99.7 90.5 109 104 nC28 43.9 40.7 36.5 39.3 39.9 37.5 41.2 37.1 43.7 44.2 nC29 119 118 109 107 109 111 111 104 125 126 nC30 27.0 27.0 21.0 21.8 24.7 22.6 24.7 20.7 27.3 27.4 nC31 123 108 100 102 114 118 114 114 104 117 nC32 17.4 23.2 15.8 14.5 16.8 15.4 16.7 13.3 16.1 16.1 nC33 49.7 50.6 45.3 45.3 48.9 46.6 48.7 42.1 49.9 46.7 nC34 14.9 9.9 12.1 11.4 13.2 13.8 13.5 11.7 17.9 17.3 nC35 17.4 11.0 10.8 11.6 11.6 12.3 11.9 10.7 20.8 14.0 nC36 5.6 2.3 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.4 2.8 2.1 19.6 4.3 total Alk.(µg/g) 1.064 0.978 0.887 0.903 0.947 0.969 0.968 0.898 1.054 1.040

Pristane 37.2 30.6 31.9 34.3 31.2 33.9 32.6 32.2 33.7 30.3 Phytane 8.7 6.3 8.7 6.5 8.5 10.0 8.9 7.0 10.2 9.9

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Table 2.18 N-Alkanes Summary Gamma (concentrations in ng/g)

Station No. BC001-R2 BC001-R3 BC001-R3 BC002-R4 BC002-R5 BC003-R2 BC003-R3 BC003-R4 BC012-R3 nC12 12.6 15.6 9.6 16.4 18.3 8.4 9.8 4.8 6.3 nC13 12.9 12.1 7.7 10.7 13.2 9.1 9.1 7.3 8.4 nC14 8.9 7.4 4.8 5.9 6.0 6.7 6.2 5.6 5.7 nC15 11.8 10.6 6.0 8.5 8.6 8.4 9.9 8.7 8.4 nC16 8.5 7.4 5.4 5.6 6.5 6.9 6.8 7.2 7.5 nC17 9.6 8.0 5.2 6.6 8.1 8.5 9.4 10.3 8.0 nC18 9.9 8.0 5.4 6.1 7.6 8.2 8.1 10.1 8.0 nC19 11.4 8.8 5.7 6.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.3 nC20 12.3 8.7 6.0 7.2 7.7 7.6 6.6 7.8 7.2 nC21 13.4 8.9 5.5 5.5 7.6 8.9 6.7 7.3 7.5 nC22 12.7 9.9 6.0 6.7 8.0 8.5 7.0 7.7 7.2 nC23 18.0 16.2 8.8 10.8 13.8 13.8 12.4 14.6 13.1 nC24 14.8 13.5 7.5 8.7 10.6 10.7 10.1 12.1 10.6 nC25 28.0 26.1 14.5 16.4 21.8 22.4 22.1 23.7 21.1 nC26 17.0 17.2 8.6 9.6 13.8 13.2 14.0 15.5 12.3 nC27 44.0 42.6 22.7 25.4 37.1 37.1 41.7 37.8 35.0 nC28 17.7 18.4 9.8 9.7 15.5 14.3 16.5 17.3 15.1 nC29 50.9 48.7 25.8 29.9 42.6 44.8 48.1 44.7 41.8 nC30 13.0 11.4 6.6 6.8 10.7 9.5 8.7 9.0 9.1 nC31 51.6 58.1 33.8 35.9 51.1 58.1 66.8 60.6 57.0 nC32 7.1 8.6 3.4 3.7 6.9 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.4 nC33 23.9 23.4 12.2 15.9 21.6 21.3 20.5 24.5 21.2 nC34 3.7 5.1 3.0 3.2 4.2 3.7 3.1 4.1 3.9 nC35 4.6 5.3 2.3 2.9 3.8 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.3 nC36 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.4 0.8 total Alk.(µg/g) 0.419 0.401 0.227 0.265 0.354 0.349 0.364 0.361 0.333 Pristane 12.8 15.5 7.2 8.4 9.0 11.5 8.9 11.1 10.9 Phytane 3.3 4.0 2.7 2.2 2.9 3.6 3.4 4.3 2.9

2.4 PAH ANALYSIS Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis results as reported by ERT of Edinburgh, Scotland are summarised in Tables 2.16 though 2.19 below.

Table 2.19 PAH Results Alpha (concentrations in ng/g)

Parameter BC013-R4 BC013-R6 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 BC017-R5 BC021-R3 BC012-R5 BC021-R6 Naphthalene (128) 4 4 4 4 3 9 7 6 C1 128 17 17 18 16 14 33 28 16 C2 128 24 25 33 25 23 40 37 30 C3 128 14 16 20 13 12 18 17 16 C4 128 11 10 15 9 10 10 9 12 TOTAL 128 70 72 90 67 62 110 98 80 Phenanthrene/Anthracene (178) 12 13 14 12 10 26 24 20 C1 178 15 16 19 14 12 30 28 23 C2 178 21 24 27 19 17 35 34 39

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C3 178 15 17 18 11 10 16 16 30 TOTAL 178 63 70 78 56 49 107 102 112 Dibenzothiophene (DBT) 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 C1 184 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 3 C2 184 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 C3 184 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 1 <1 3 TOTAL 184 3 3 5 3 3 8 6 11 Fluoranthene/Pyrene (202) 10 11 14 9 9 15 15 15 C1 202 7 8 11 7 6 11 11 12 C2 202 4 5 7 4 4 8 7 14 C3 202 2 3 4 2 2 4 4 11 TOTAL 202 23 27 36 22 21 38 37 52 Benzanthracenes/Benzphenanthrenes 6 7 8 6 6 2 11 12 (228) C1 228 4 5 6 4 4 8 7 10 C2 228 3 5 5 3 3 6 5 10 TOTAL 228 13 17 19 13 13 16 23 32 m/z 252 24 27 33 23 21 35 28 33 C1 252 7 7 10 <1 <1 14 10 12 C2 252 3 3 5 3 2 6 3 5 TOTAL 252 34 37 48 26 23 55 41 50 m/z 276 7 8 8 8 7 14 10 14 C1 276 2 2 3 2 1 4 3 3 C2 276 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 TOTAL 276 9 10 12 10 8 19 14 18 NPD 136 145 173 126 114 225 206 203 % NPD 63 61 60 64 64 64 64 57 Total 2-6 ring PAH 215 236 288 197 179 353 321 355

Table 2.20 Total EPA 16 PAH Alpha (concentrations in ng/g)

Parameter BC013-R4 BC013-R6 BC013-R7 BC017-R5 BC017-R5 BC021-R3 BC012-R5 BC021-R6 Naphthalene 4.1 4.4 3.5 3.8 3.2 9.0 6.8 6.5 Acenaphthylene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Acenaphthene 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Fluorene 1.6 1.6 2.7 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.6 Phenanthrene 11.1 12.2 12.6 10.9 9.3 24.1 22.4 19.0 Anthracene 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.0 Fluoranthene 4.6 5.2 6.1 4.3 4.0 6.4 6.0 8.2 Pyrene 5.2 6.5 7.9 4.9 4.5 9.3 9.4 7.1 Benzo(a)anthracene 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.5 Chrysene 3.2 3.5 3.7 1.7 2.5 5.8 5.1 6.1 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 6.3 7.2 6.7 6.3 6.1 11.0 9.7 11.8 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.9 3.5 Benzo(a)pyrene 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.5 2.2 Indeno(123cd)pyrene 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.3 1.9 3.5 2.6 4.4 Benzo(ghi)perylene 3.8 4.4 5.2 4.3 3.8 7.8 5.9 8.4 Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.5 Total EPA 16 47.8 53.8 57.7 45.1 41.2 88.0 77.9 84.0

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Table 2.21 PAH Results Beta (concentrations in ng/g)

BC004- BC004- BC004- BC004- BC005- BC005- BC005- BC00 BC00 BC00 Parameter R1 R3 R6 R8 R2 R3 R5 6-R1 6-R3 6-R5 Naphthalene (128) 8 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 9 C1 128 30 27 27 26 30 29 27 27 39 35 C2 128 48 40 42 40 43 42 41 44 48 41 C3 128 23 21 20 20 19 19 19 19 24 20 C4 128 12 11 11 10 9 10 10 11 12 10 TOTAL 128 121 106 108 104 109 108 105 109 133 115 Phenanthrene/Anthracene (178) 28 23 23 23 26 24 23 22 30 29 C1 178 31 28 27 28 29 29 26 26 35 33 C2 178 38 33 32 33 34 34 31 30 41 39 C3 178 17 14 15 14 14 15 15 14 20 21 TOTAL 178 114 98 97 98 103 102 95 92 126 122 Dibenzothiophene (DBT) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C1 184 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 C2 184 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 C3 184 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 184 8 6 7 7 8 8 7 6 8 8 Fluoranthene/Pyrene (202) 17 16 15 15 15 16 14 14 20 18 C1 202 13 11 10 11 11 11 10 10 15 13 C2 202 8 7 7 8 8 7 7 7 9 9 C3 202 4 4 4 4 4 4 <1 3 4 4 TOTAL 202 42 38 36 38 38 38 31 34 48 44 Benzanthracenes/Benzphenanthrene 13 12 11 12 12 12 2 11 14 14 s (228) C1 228 9 8 7 8 8 8 <1 7 10 9 C2 228 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 7 TOTAL 228 29 27 24 26 26 26 8 24 32 30 m/z 252 37 37 32 33 34 36 33 33 42 39

Table 2.21 PAH Results Beta (concentrations in ng/g) Continued

BC004- BC004- BC004- BC004- BC005- BC005- BC005- BC00 BC00 BC00 Parameter R1 R3 R6 R8 R2 R3 R5 6-R1 6-R3 6-R5 C1 252 13 13 11 12 12 13 11 11 16 14 C2 252 7 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 7 7 TOTAL 252 57 56 48 50 50 54 49 49 65 60 m/z 276 13 12 11 12 12 12 12 11 14 14 C1 276 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 C2 276 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 276 17 16 15 16 16 17 16 15 19 19 NPD 243 210 212 209 220 218 207 207 267 245 % NPD 63 61 63 62 63 62 67 63 62 62 Total 2-6 ring PAH 388 347 335 339 350 353 311 329 431 398

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Table 2.22 Total EPA 16 PAH Beta (concentrations in ng/g)

BC004- BC004- BC004- BC004- BC005- BC005- BC005- BC00 BC00 BC00 Parameter R1 R3 R6 R8 R2 R3 R5 6-R1 6-R3 6-R5 Naphthalene 8.3 7.0 7.6 7.8 8.2 7.6 7.7 7.5 9.9 9.4 Acenaphthylene 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Acenaphthene 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 Fluorene 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.7 Phenanthrene 25.6 22.1 22.2 22.5 24.2 23.4 21.7 21.1 27.6 27.3 Anthracene 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 Fluoranthene 7.2 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 5.7 7.6 7.3 Pyrene 10.0 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.9 9.8 8.3 7.9 12.2 10.8 Benzo(a)anthracene 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.6 2.6 Chrysene 6.8 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.1 7.3 7.3 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 12.5 11.7 11.3 11.5 11.9 12.5 11.9 11.3 13.8 13.3 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.7 Benzo(a)pyrene 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.9 Indeno(123cd)pyrene 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.7 3.8 Benzo(ghi)perylene 8.3 7.3 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.2 6.9 6.6 8.7 8.4 Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 Total EPA 16 94.4 85.1 83.5 84.0 86.8 87.5 83.3 78.4 104.0 100.2

Table 2.23 PAH Results Gamma (concentrations in ng/g)

BC001- BC001- BC001- BC002- BC002- BC003- BC003- BC003- BC012- BC01 Parameter R2 R3 R3 R4 R5 R2 R3 R4 R3 2-R3 Naphthalene (128) 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 C1 128 4 8 5 6 7 7 6 6 6 9 C2 128 21 16 8 13 11 12 9 11 10 15 C3 128 11 8 3 6 5 6 4 5 5 7 C4 128 7 6 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 TOTAL 128 46 41 20 29 27 29 23 27 26 38 Phenanthrene/Anthracene (178) 12 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 6 C1 178 7 6 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 7 C2 178 9 7 4 5 7 6 5 6 6 9 C3 178 6 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 4 5

Table 2.23 PAH Results Gamma (concentrations in ng/g) Continued

BC001- BC001- BC001- BC002- BC002- BC003- BC003- BC003- BC012- BC01 Parameter R2 R3 R3 R4 R5 R2 R3 R4 R3 2-R3 TOTAL 178 34 21 12 15 20 18 15 19 19 27 Dibenzothiophene (DBT) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 C1 184 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 C2 184 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 C3 184 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 TOTAL 184 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 Fluoranthene/Pyrene (202) 4 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 C1 202 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 C2 202 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 C3 202 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 202 7 8 6 7 9 9 7 10 7 11 Benzanthracenes/Benzphenanthre 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 nes (228)

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C1 228 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 C2 228 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 TOTAL 228 3 7 4 4 6 5 7 7 6 8 m/z 252 5 11 6 9 11 11 11 10 10 14 C1 252 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 C2 252 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 252 8 15 9 12 15 14 14 14 14 19 m/z 276 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 C1 276 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C2 276 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 TOTAL 276 1 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 NPD 81 62 32 44 47 47 39 47 45 66 % NPD 81 64 60 61 57 59 54 57 58 60 Total 2-6 ring PAH 100 97 53 72 82 80 72 83 77 110

Table 2.24 Total EPA 16 PAH Gamma (concentrations ng/g)

BC001- BC001- BC001- BC002- BC002- BC003- BC003- BC003- BC012- BC01 Parameter R2 R3 R3 R4 R5 R2 R3 R4 R3 2-R3 Naphthalene 2.7 2.8 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.4 3.0 Acenaphthylene 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 Acenaphthene 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fluorene 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 Phenanthrene 11.5 4.3 2.7 3.3 4.2 4.5 3.6 4.2 3.6 5.8 Anthracene 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 Fluoranthene 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.4 2.1 Pyrene 2.8 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.9 Benzo(a)anthracene 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 Chrysene 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 1.2 3.3 1.6 2.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.0 4.0 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 Indeno(123cd)pyrene 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.7 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.6 Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 Total EPA 16 25.9 22.3 13.0 16.4 20.8 20.3 19.5 21.1 19.1 27.8

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3 SEAWATER ANALYSIS

Summary of sample analysis performed on water samples can be found below in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Seawater Analytical Services Summary Analysis Type Laboratory Location Analysis QC/AC Low Level EPH ISO/IEC 17025 Seawater - Hydrocarbons Maxxam Bedford, NS under NB MUST ICPMS suite – CALA # 2691 Seawater - Trace Metals Maxxam Burnaby, BC including Hg by CVAAS TOC, DOC, EPA 6010 Seawater - Nutrients Actlabs Ancaster, ON Sulphate ISO/IEC 17025 Nitrate, Nitrite, EPA 353.2 Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Seawater - Nutrients Maxxam Burnaby, BC Sulphide, Silicate, Carbonate alkalinity, Maxxam/Dalhousie Chlorophyll a ISO/IEC 17025 Seawater - Chlorophyll Halifax, NS University

3.1 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS Hydrocarbon results as reported by Maxxam Analytics of Bedford, Nova Scotia from seawater samples are summarised in the tables below. Tables 3.2 presents an overview of the range and average concentrations for a number of organic compound classes from Alpha, Beta and Gamma respectively.

Table 3.2 Petroleum Hydrocarbon Values Alpha, Beta, Gamma Sites

Alpha Beta Gamma Water Column Depth >C10-C21 >C21-C10-C21 >C21-C10-C21 >C21-

Near Surface 2 0.07 0.18 2 - 0.02 2 0.07 0.19

Mid-Depth 150 0.06 0.17 344 - - 230 0.07 0.19 2m Above 315 0.01 0.09 650 0.06 0.13 460 0.02 0.01 Seafloor

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3.2 PH ANALYSIS Results of pH as reported by Maxxam Analytics of Bedford, NS from the surface, 2m, mid-depth and jut above seafloor for all sites are summarised in Table 3.5 below.

Table 3.3 pH of Water Samples Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites Alpha Beta Gamma Depth (m) pH Depth (m) pH Depth (m) pH Surface 0.1 8.36 0.1 7.79 0.1 8.03 Near Surface 2 - 2 8.04 2 7.84 Mid-Depth 150 7.97 344 7.95 230 7.71 2m Above Seafloor 315 7.72 650 7.65 460 -

3.3 NUTRIENTS ANALYSIS Nutrient analysis of seawater as reported by Maxxam Analytics of Bedford, NS and Actlabs of Ancaster, ON below in Tables 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8 present an overview of the of concentrations for a anions, inorganics and nutrients at corresponding sample intervals.

Table 3.4 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Alpha Site

Parameter RDL 0.1 (m) 2 (m) 150 (m) 315 (m) Silica mg/L 0.5 0.9 <0.5 0.9 1.2 Alkalinity (Total as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 110 110 120 120 Alkalinity (PP as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Bicarbonate (HCO3) mg/L 0.5 140 140 140 140 Carbonate (CO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Hydroxide (OH) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Calc) mg/L 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 Nitrate plus Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 0.013 0.003 0.184 0.216 Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Total Nitrogen (N) mg/L 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.3 0.35 Phosphorus (P) ug/L 50 <50 <50 55 63 Sulphate (SO4) mg/L 0.03 2410 2430 2580 2550 DOC mg/L 0.01 1.71 3.86 4.53 3.96 TOC mg/L 0.01 4.61 7.31 8.53 7.16

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Table 3.5 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Beta Site

Parameter RDL 0.1 (m) 2 (m) 344 (m) 650 (m) Silica mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 1.7 Alkalinity (Total as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 110 110 120 120 Alkalinity (PP as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Bicarbonate (HCO3) mg/L 0.5 130 130 140 150 Carbonate (CO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Hydroxide (OH) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Calc) mg/L 0.02 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.16 Nitrate plus Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 0.008 0.008 0.225 0.238 Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Total Nitrogen (N) mg/L 0.02 0.17 0.16 0.36 0.39 Phosphorus (P) ug/L 50 <50 <50 63 53 Sulphate (SO4) mg/L 0.03 2330 2340 2610 2560 DOC mg/L 0.01 1.85 4.96 1.80 4.58 TOC mg/L 0.01 4.55 5.09 3.99 4.8

Table 3.6 Anions, Inorganics and Nutrients Summary by Depth Gamma Site

Parameter RDL 0.1 (m) 2 (m) 230 (m) 460 (m) Silica mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.9 1.5 Alkalinity (Total as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 110 110 120 120 Alkalinity (PP as CaCO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Bicarbonate (HCO3) mg/L 0.5 140 140 150 150 Carbonate (CO3) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Hydroxide (OH) mg/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Calc) mg/L 0.02 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.13 Nitrate plus Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 0.01 0.007 0.214 0.219 Nitrite (N) mg/L 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Total Nitrogen (N) mg/L 0.02 0.17 0.15 0.34 0.35 Phosphorus (P) ug/L 50 <50 <50 64 71 Sulphate (SO4) mg/L 0.03 2410 2390 2550 2550 DOC mg/L 0.01 4.14 3.78 1.63 1.65 TOC mg/L 0.01 6.58 4.49 3.32 3.56

3.4 TRACE METAL ANALYSIS Trace metal analysis of seawater as reported by Maxxam Analytics of Bedford are summarized below in Tables 3.9, 3.10 and 3.11 which present a number of metal concentrations at corresponding sample intervals from Alpha, Beta and Gamma respectively.

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Table 3.7 Trace Metal Results Alpha Site

Parameter Units RDL 0.1 (m) 2 (m) 150 (m) 315 (m) Al ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 As ug/L 0.5 1.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 Ba ug/L 1 6 6 8 10 Cd ug/L 0.1 0.15 0.32 0.22 0.36 Cr ug/L 0.5 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Cu ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Fe ug/L 2 <2 3 2 9 Pb ug/L 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Hg ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Ni ug/L 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 P ug/L 50 <50 <50 55 63 Sr ug/L 10 8230 8520 8870 8910 V ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Zn ug/L 1 3 <1 <1 1

Table 3.8 Trace Metal Results Beta Site

Parameter Units RDL 0.1 m 2 (m) 344 (m) 650 (m) Al ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 As ug/L 0.5 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 Ba ug/L 1 8 10 13 12 Cd ug/L 0.1 0.32 0.2 0.33 0.3 Cr ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.7 <0.5 Cu ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Fe ug/L 2 12 27 2 2 Pb ug/L 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Hg ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Ni ug/L 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 P ug/L 50 <50 <50 63 53 Sr ug/L 10 8030 8080 8800 8840 V ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Zn ug/L 1 4 5 2 3

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Table 3.9 Trace Metal Results Gamma Site

Parameter Units RDL 0.1 (m) 2 (m) 230 (m) 460 (m) Al ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 As ug/L 0.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.1 Ba ug/L 1 7 8 9 13 Cd ug/L 0.1 0.3 0.28 0.4 0.37 Cr ug/L 0.5 0.9 <0.5 1 <0.5 Cu ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Fe ug/L 2 2 <2 <2 <2 Pb ug/L 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Hg ug/L 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Ni ug/L 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 P ug/L 50 <50 <50 64 71 Sr ug/L 10 8090 8410 8970 8950 V ug/L 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Zn ug/L 1 1 2 2 <1

3.5 CHLOROPHYLL ANALYIS Samples were analysed via the fluorescence acidification technique by Maxxam Analytics and Dalhousie University. Results are found below in Table 3.12.

Table 3.10 Chlorophyll Content Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites

Water Depth Station Chl a (µg/L) 0.1 m Alpha 0.16 0.1 m Beta 0.23 0.1 m Gamma 0.22

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4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS

The biological community was examined through two methods; observation of epifauna within seafloor photographs and assessment of benthic infauna populations were through analysis of boxcore samples. The description of the fauna visible in selected seabed photographs as well as assessment of benthic infauna was carried out by Dr. Pohle of the Atlantic Reference Centre (ARC) at Huntsman.

4.1 METHODS OF ANALYSIS Community information obtained from replicates from most stations permitted quantitative analysis of community structure using traditional qualitative and quantitative community analysis techniques, the latter predominantly the Primer-E 6 software package (Clarke, 1993). Primer analyses included cluster analysis and both normal and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS), as well as the determination of indices of community structure (Shannon-Wiener Diversity, Simpson’s Diversity, and Pielou’s Evenness). The Primer (SIMPER) sub-program assisted in determining dominant taxa within cluster groups, assisting in distinguishing differences in communities between different habitats.

The preliminary analysis is based on a total of 28 samples encompassing the three sites, with 10 samples from 3 stations at Alpha, four samples from Beta, and 14 samples from 4 stations at Gamma. Four replicate samples were analyzed per station at Alpha and Gamma for all but 2 stations, for which only two replicates were available. This sub-set is deemed to be representative for the communities at the three sample sites.

4.2 COMMUNITY COMPOSITIONS

Images taken from the RV Strait Explorer in October 2009 in the Alpha, Beta and Gamma region of the Sigguk and Eqqua blocks were analyzed, in order to identify to the lowest possible taxon level, and as many of the megafauna and epifauna, as possible. Megafauna are here defined as unattached fauna which are visible and epifauna as attached fauna, which are visible in the photographic images. Samples from box cores were washed to remove sediment fractions, leaving organisms which were subjected to microscopic and then statistical analysis to determine species present and abundance, as well as community characteristics.

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4.2.1 Alpha Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities Alpha Site showed both epifaunal organisms and evidence of infaunal species, each associated predominantly with hard (ice-rafted rocky debris in the granule to pebble to cobble size range) and soft (i.e. sandy silt) sediments respectively, but overlapping where the sediments are mixed. Shrimp (Pandalidae) a hyperbenthic species, in particular, as well as calcareous-tube building worms (Spirorbids or Serpulids) were common in all areas. Seafloor areas lacking coarse gravel or cobble debris were occupied predominantly by subsurface deposit-feeding organisms (worms and holothurians), although fecal mounds were uncommon except where these seabed types were adjacent to interfaces with coarser seafloor. The benthic community in areas of coarser substrate included a mixture of mobile epibenthos including ophiuroids, and in particular the seastar (Ceramaster sp). Cobble and boulder surfaces supported low densities of epilithic suspension/particle feeders such as encrusting sponges, bryozoa, tunicates and occasional small coldwater bryozoa/coral fans. Foraminifers, in particular Rhabdammina/Hyperammina, occur widely but most abundantly in areas dominated by mixed coarser substrate.

The Clustering Dendrogram and the MDS plot for epifaunal communities at Alpha Site is shown in Figure 3.1 and the graphical representation for Alpha infauna is shown in Figure 3.4. The corresponding summary of Alpha site macrobenthos statistics is presented below in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Summary Statistics Alpha (Macrobenthos Only)

013- 013- 013- 013- 016- 016- 017- 017- 017- 017- STATION-SAMPLE R1 R4A R7A R7B R5 R6 R3 R4 R5 R7 ABUNDANCE (#/sample) 53 40 25 48 173 15 25 95 116 23 SPECIES/SAMPLE 14 21 11 13 13 3 8 32 30 13 SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY (H')(Log e) 2.163 2.803 1.869 2.151 1.846 0.854 1.603 2.9942.859 2.380 PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.819 0.920 0.779 0.838 0.719 0.777 0.770 0.863 0.840 0.927 MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.714 0.863 0.648 0.724 0.529 0.418 0.596 0.811 0.783 0.842 SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.148 0.075 0.232 0.145 0.261 0.476 0.274 0.074 0.084 0.112 MARGALEF'S INDEX 3.274 5.422 3.107 3.100 2.329 0.739 2.175 6.807 6.101 3.827

4.2.2 Beta Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities The fauna at the Beta site consists of organisms predominantly associated with soft bottom, including both infaunal and epifaunal types, with encrusting and epilithic

McGregor GeoScience Limited 29 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey organisms on occasionally occurring hard surfaces (ice-rafted rocky debris). Commonly- occurring taxa included shrimp (Pandalidae) and Mysids, both of which are hyperbenthic species; burrowing anemones (Ceriantherian and other types); hydroid (soft-coral) polyps; and mounds and burrows of infaunal worms. Other species visible in photographs at the Beta site include: a sea pen (Pennatulid), ceriantherian anemones, soft corals and a mud star (Ctenodiscus crispatus). Cobbles and boulders support encrusting sponges, bryozoans, tunicates, soft corals and calcareous tubes of polychaete species. Foraminifers occurring on the sediment surface were notably less abundant at Beta than at the other sites.

The Clustering Dendrogram and the MDS plot for epifaunal communities at Beta Site are shown in Figure 3.2 and the graphical representation for Beta infauna is shown in Figure 3.5. Macrobenthic community measures at the Beta Site are presented below in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Summary Statistics Beta (Macrobenthos Only partial results)

STATION - SAMPLE 004-R1A 004-R3A 004-R8A 004-R5A ABUNDANCE (#/sample) 65 60 90 62 SPECIES/SAMPLE 23 22 22 21 SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY (H')(Log e) 2.633 2.658 2.520 2.529 PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.839 0.859 0.815 0.830 MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.767 0.778 0.735 0.729 SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.108 0.104 0.118 0.132 MARGALEF'S INDEX 5.270 5.129 4.667 4.846

4.2.3 Gamma Site Epifaunal and Infaunal Communities Epifaunal communities, as observed in seabed photographs, are typically sparse across the Gamma site, with occasional epifaunal species attached to ice-rafted rocky debris in areas of coarser sediments. The benthic environment appears to be dominated by infaunal organisms which are associated with the sandy silt matrix. The benthic community in the area also includes a number of suspension/particle feeding species such as Sabellid polychaetes, burrowing and attached anemones, sponges, occasional tunicates, and. subsurface deposit-feeding organisms. Soft bottom areas show an absence of animal tracks, but the presence of faecal mounds and possible feeding cones of subsurface deposit-feeders. Tubes of what are presumed to be polychaetes (possibly Sabellids) as well as surface-dwelling foraminifers, shrimp (Pandalidae), vase

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sponges and small seastars (Asteriidae) are occasionally visible on the sediment surface. At station 3 a number of tube-building polychaetes, possibly Sabellids, were recorded in significant numbers. Rock surfaces were typically colonized either by encrusting sponges and epilithic fauna such as bryozoa; or by tube building organisms (both white calcareous tubes of Serpulid polychaetes and fine polychaete tubes, sea anemones and tunicates.

The Clustering Dendrogram and the MDS plot for epifaunal communities at Gamma Site are shown in Figure 3.3 and the graphical representation for Gamma infauna is shown in Figure 3.6. A summary of macrobenthos statistics at the Gamma site is presented below in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Summary Statistics Gamma (Macrobenthos Only)

STATION-SAMPLE 001-R1 001-R2 001-R3A 001-R4 002-R3 002-R4 002-R5 002-R6 003-R2A 003-R3 003-R4B 003-R6A 012-R1 012-R3 SPECIES / SAMPLE 15 25 14 26 29 23 20 2 28 25 24 23 8 22 SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY (H')(Log e) 2.383 2.822 2.389 2.982 3.144 2.902 2.649 0.637 2.866 2.855 2.851 2.872 1.841 2.924 PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.879 0.876 0.905 0.915 0.933 0.925 0.884 0.918 0.860 0.886 0.896 0.915 0.885 0.945 MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.781 0.805 0.812 0.848 0.889 0.865 0.807 0.602 0.800 0.817 0.828 0.840 0.754 0.891 SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.123 0.076 0.113 0.068 0.055 0.068 0.100 0.556 0.080 0.076 0.076 0.070 0.207 0.063 MARGALEF'S INDEX 3.938 5.234 3.822 6.057 7.086 5.683 5.052 0.910 5.943 5.493 5.551 5.270 2.729 5.693

Interpretation based on the number of taxa and Shannon-Wiener Diversity index shows little or no difference between Alpha and Gamma sites, as well as between stations within sites (Figure 3.7), when taking into consideration variability. More sensitive multivariate analysis based on non-parametric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) is more revealing in showing a significant difference (p<0.1%) between stations at Alpha and Gamma sites. An analysis of species contributions (SIMPER) shows a suite of 10 taxa that contribute 2% or more individually to 50% of the dissimilarity in community structure between sites. Half of these taxa are large foraminiferan species, the remaining major differentiating taxa consisting of two bivalve molluscs, a polychaete worm, an amphipod crustacean and nematodes. No known vulnerable or protected species are part of this group or the taxa within the remaining macrofauna data matrix.

4.2.4 Comparison of the three Sites based on Macrobenthic Communities

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The three sites are different in macrobenthic community composition, as illustrated in cluster groupings and corresponding MDS analysis of box core samples (Figure 3.8). All three sites—Alpha, Beta and Gamma—grouped separately in both the cluster and MDS analysis. Station G12 grouped separately from the rest of stations at the Gamma site but was more similar in community composition to the other stations at the site than to the communities at the other sites. The Alpha and Gamma sites are more similar to each other than to the Beta site, which joined the grouping at a comparatively low level of similarity.

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5 SEAWATER RESULTS

Water properties observed in the study area are consistent with the general understanding of circulation in Baffin Bay. Warm WGSW and WGIW are interleaved with cold AW and TrW with a cyclonic overall circulation. The study site is located near the transition between north flowing shelf waters to the east and south flowing waters over the bulk of the basin to the west, Mean currents are weak and over 60% of the total tidal variance is due to the tidal oscillations. Detailed results from water sampling are included in the Metocean Appendix.

5.1 SEA TEMPERATURE Sea surface temperature off the west coast of Greenland shows little variation throughout the year. Temperatures are lowest in January and February and highest in August at approximately 6 to 8°C. Temperature profiles were recorded at the three study site during deployment and recovery operations in 2009. The key aspects of the profiles are summarized below in Table 5.1. The seafloor temperatures varied by 1.6°C with the lowest temperatures recorded at the deepest study site location (Beta) and the highest temperatures at the shallowest study site (Alpha) location. Otherwise, temperature profiles are similar over corresponding depths at all three study sites.

Table 5.1 Sea Temperature Averages from Alpha, Beta Gamma in °C 31 July – 1 Aug 25 Sept – 28 Sept Area Measured Temperature Depth Temperature Depth Surface 7.5 <15m 3.5 <40m AW minimum -1.5 50-70m -1.5 60-70m WGIW maximum 3.5 300m 3.5 300m Near-bottom Alpha 3.4 315 3.3 320 site Near-bottom 1.8 650 1.7 650 Beta site Near-bottom 2.7 460 - - Gamma site

McGregor GeoScience Limited 33 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

5.2 SALINITY Sea surface salinity in the study area off the west coast of Greenland shows little variation. Salinity profiles were recorded at the three study site during deployment and recovery operations in 2009. The key aspects of the profiles are summarized in Table 5.2 Surface salinity was constant within ~0.1psu. Maximum salinities of ~34.8psu coincide with the depth of maximum temperature at ~300m during deployment. Salinities fall slightly below 300m to a minimum of 34.6psu at the seafloor during recovery. Variations in salinity are slight and beyond detection at the seafloor.

Table 5.2 Salinity Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites in psu 31 July – 1 Aug 25 Sept – 28 Sept Area Measured Salinity Depth Salinity Depth Surface 32.5 <15m 32.7 <40m AW minimum 33.5 50-70m 33.3 60-70m WGIW maximum 34.8 300m 34.7 300m Near-bottom 34.77 315 34.70 320 Alpha site Near-bottom 34.67 650 34.62 650 Beta site Near-bottom 34.75 460 - - Gamma site

McGregor GeoScience Limited 34 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

6 HABITAT INTERPRETATION

Biological communities on the seabed at the three sites are typical of deep Arctic continental shelves, showing characteristic high diversity, low abundance and biomass, and prevalence of species having coldwater tolerances and cosmopolitan distributions. The communities at each site are strongly related to substrate, with a component of infaunal organisms associated with the predominant sandy silt substrate (e.g. burrowing anemones, deposit feeding worms), and a component living on iceberg dropstones and glacial erratics (e.g. bryozoans, tunicates, Serpulid polychaetes). The Alpha and Gamma sites exhibit similar habitats given the seafloor at both sites have been intensely scoured by ice bergs exposing large clasts on the berms of the scours. At the Beta site such large clasts are present but in greatly reduced frequency. All three sites had clay and silt dominated sediments throughout.

Analysis of box cores revealed the infaunal component was dominated by bivalves and polychaete worms; and bottom photographs demonstrated the groups associated with rock surfaces, as well as some infaunal components, such as deposit feeding maldanid polychaetes and burrowing anemones. Photos also revealed important hyperbenthic species such as shrimp (Pandalus sp) and fish.

The nature of the substrate, particularly the small proportion and size and probable instability of rocky substrate, probably precludes development of large coldwater corals at all sites, and none were observed. Small solitary coldwater corals were observed in photographs and in sample at the Alpha site where an increased frequency of large clasts was observed although there was no evidence of the development of any colonies or reefs. Low water temperatures observed at the seafloor throughout the survey areas are generally not conducive to the development of large cold water coral communities. Low levels of suspended particulates are expected to occur at all three sites, reflected by epi- and megafaunal communities containing particle feeders including tunicates. Many of these types of organisms occur in shallower water where they are exposed to high loadings of suspended material, while infaunal organisms are not normally exposed to these conditions; therefore communities are not expected to be especially sensitive to suspended particulate matter.

McGregor GeoScience Limited 35 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

Benthic foraminifera were dominant throughout all three sites although the dominant species were different between the Gamma and Alpha versus the Beta sites.

The resolution of acoustic datasets proved to be too coarse to map the various habitats throughout the sites. Attempts to correlate seafloor photographs and associate such images with seafloor structure were unsuccessful due to the fact that not all seabed features were represented on the acoustic datasets.

McGregor GeoScience Limited 36 EAR-0931-rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

Figures

McGregor GeoScience Limited EAR-0931-rev1.doc Baffin Bay Greenland 360000.000000 380000.000000 400000.000000 420000.000000 440000.000000 460000.000000 60°50'0"W 60°0'0"W 59°10'0"W 58°20'0"W Sigguk

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.000000 .000000 t r a i t 7840000 7840000 n el 10050 0 100 200 300 h a n C Kilometres ¯ a q a n n m m U u UTM Projection Gridding Algorithm: Kriging e WGS 1984 UTM Zone 21N Search Radius: 150 m ? g 6 False Easting: 500,000.0 m Grid Spacing: 25 m d ? ? False Northing: 0.0 m 8 ! 4 E ? Central Meridian: -57.00 Light Position Angles: 70°30'0"N 5 Latitude Of Origin: 0.0 Horizontal: 135° B f e Linear Unit: Metre Vertical: 45° t T l a ? ? 19 A

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70°0'0"N Baffin Bay, West Greenland

.000000 Kilometres .000000 McGregor GeoScience Ltd. Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada 7760000 7760000 Date: Feb 26, 2010 McGregor Project No.: 0931 60°0'0"W 59°10'0"W 58°20'0"W 360000.000000 380000.000000 400000.000000 420000.000000 440000.000000 460000.000000 Figure: 1.1

Filename: GL_MB-BathyShadedRelief_4JS_D.mxd Baffin Bay Greenland 360000.000000 380000.000000 400000.000000 420000.000000 440000.000000 460000.000000 60°50'0"W 60°0'0"W 59°10'0"W 58°20'0"W Sigguk

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.000000 .000000 t r a i t 7840000 7840000 n el 10050 0 100 200 300 h a n C Kilometres ¯ a q a n n m m U u UTM Projection Gridding Algorithm: Kriging e WGS 1984 UTM Zone 21N Search Radius: 150 m

g False Easting: 500,000.0 m Grid Spacing: 25 m

d False Northing: 0.0 m ! Central Meridian: -57.00 Light Position Angles: E > 70°30'0"N Latitude Of Origin: 0.0 Horizontal: 135° B f e Linear Unit: Metre Vertical: 45° l ta T

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B 7820000 7820000

r Water Sample Alpha Site

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h ! A t Alpha lph p Gamma Site a e D ! Beta ! Regional Area G > am ! Gamma ma .000000 .000000 h

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A Regional Survey Area 70°0'0"N Disko West Block 1 (Sigguk) and Block 3 (Eqqua) 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25

70°0'0"N Baffin Bay, West Greenland

.000000 Kilometres .000000 McGregor GeoScience Ltd. Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada 7760000 7760000 Date: Feb 19, 2010 McGregor Project No.: 0931 60°0'0"W 59°10'0"W 58°20'0"W 360000.000000 380000.000000 400000.000000 420000.000000 440000.000000 460000.000000 Figure: 1.2

Filename: GL_MB-BathyShadedRelief_4JS_D2.mxd Alpha Site Ternary Diagram

100% Clay

CLAY

Station #’s - 013 R4 Clayey Clayey - 013 R6 Sand Silt - 013 R7 - 017 R5

Sandy Sandy, Silty, Clay Silty Clay Clay

Sandy Silt Silty Sand SAND SILT

100% Sand 100% Silt

013 R4 013 R6 013 R7 017 R5 Sand % 35.3 51.6 41.0 25.8 Silt % 60.0 45.0 55.5 68.3 Clay % 4.6 3.3 3.5 5.8 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.1 Alpha Site Ternary Diagram - Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.1 Alpha Site Ternary Diagram

100% Gravel

Station #’s - 013 R4 - 013 R6 - 013 R7 - 017 R5

100% Sand 100% Silt/Clay

013 R4 013 R6 013 R7 017 R5 Gravel % 6.0 14.0 0.0 7.0 Sand % 33.2 44.4 41.0 24.0 Silt/Clay % 60.8 41.6 59.0 69.0 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.2 Alpha Site Ternary Diagram - Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel Figure 2.2 Beta Site Ternary Diagram

100% Clay

CLAY

Station #’s - 004 R6 Clayey Clayey - 005 R1 Sand Silt - 005 R2 - 005 R4 - 006 R1

Sandy, Silty, Clay Sandy Silty Clay Clay

Sandy Silt Silty Sand SAND SILT

100% Sand 100% Silt

004 R6 005 R1 005 R2 005 R4 006 R1 Sand % 17.2 31.1 30.5 24.6 14.7 Silt % 69.7 59.9 59.0 65.6 74.6 Clay % 13.1 9.1 10.5 9.8 10.6 100 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.3 Beta Site Ternary Diagram - Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.3 Beta Site Ternary Diagram

100% Gravel

Station #’s - 004 R6 - 005 R1 - 005 R2 - 005 R4 - 006 R1

100% Sand 100% Silt/Clay

004 R6 005 R1 005 R2 005 R4 006 R1 Gravel % 0.0 0.0 6.0 5.0 0.0 Sand % 17.2 31.0 28.7 23.4 14.7 Silt/Clay % 82.8 69.0 65.3 71.6 85.3 100 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.4 Beta Site Ternary Diagram - Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel Figure 2.4 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram

100% Clay

CLAY

Station #’s - 001 R2 Clayey Clayey - 001 R3 Sand Silt - 003 R3 - 003 R6 - 012 R3

Sandy Sandy, Silty, Clay Silty Clay Clay

Sandy Silt Silty Sand SAND SILT

100% Sand 100% Silt

001 R2 001 R3 003 R3 003 R6 012 R3 Sand % 43.3 48.7 27.3 33.4 37.7 Silt % 53.6 47.9 68.4 63.0 58.7 Clay % 3.1 3.4 4.3 3.6 3.6 100 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.5 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram - Clay, Silt, Sand Figure 2.5 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram

100% Gravel

Station #’s - 001 R2 - 001 R3 - 003 R3 - 003 R6 - 012 R3

100% Sand 100% Silt/Clay

Gamma 001 R2 001 R3 003 R3 003 R6 012 R3 Gravel % 6.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 Sand % 40.7 47.8 26.2 33.0 36.5 Silt/Clay % 53.3 50.2 69.8 66.0 60.5 100 100 100 100 100

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 2.6 Gamma Site Ternary Diagram - Clay/Silt, Sand, Gravel Figure 2.5 epifaunal communities of Alpha site

Similarity

100

A13

A17

A16

A18 Samples A14

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of epifaunal communities of Alpha site

Stress: 0.01 A15 A14 A17 A18 A13

A16

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.1 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities - Alpha Site Figure 3.1 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of epifaunal communities of Beta Site and proximal Regional sites

100

R21 Samples R19

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of epifaunal communities of Beta site

Stress: 0 B21

B5 B4

B19 B6

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.2 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities - Beta Site Figure 3.2 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of epifaunal communities of Gamma site

100

G11

G12 Samples G10

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of epifaunal communities of Gamma site

Stress: 0

G11G12

G10

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.3 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epifaunal Communities - Gamma Site Figure 3.3 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of infaunal communities of Alpha site

Transform:Square root Resemblance:S17BrayCurtis similarity 20 Station No. A13 A16 A17 40

Similarity

100

0 16-R6 017-R7 017-R3 013-R1 0 17-R4 016-R5 017-R5

013-R4A 013-R7B 013-R7A Samples

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of infaunal communities of Alpha Site

Tr an sfo rm: Sq uar e ro ot Res embla nc e: S17 Br ay Cu rtis si milarity

2DStress:0.12 Station No. A13 A16 A17

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.4 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities - Alpha Site Figure 3.4 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of infaunal communities of Beta site

Trans form: Square root Re sembla nce: S17 Bray Cu rti s simi larity 50

Similarity 80

10 0

004-R3 A

004-R1 A

004-R8 A

004-R5 A Station

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of infaunal communities of Beta Site Tran s f orm : S qu a re roo t Resembl anc e: S17 B ray Curtis s imil ar ity

2D Stress: 0 004-R3A 004-R1A

004-R8A

004-R5A

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.5 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities - Beta Site Figure 3.5 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of infaunal communities of Gamma site

Transf orm: Square roo t R ese mblan ce: S17 Bray Curtis simil arity 20 Sample No. G1 G2 G3 40 G12

Similarity

10 0

012-R1 001-R1 002-R5 002-R4 012-R3 002-R3 001-R2 001-R4 003-R3

001-R3 A 003-R6 A 003-R2 A

003-R4B Samples

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of infaunal communities of Gamma Site

Transf orm: Squa re roo t Resemb lance: S17 Bray C urtis simi larity

2D Stress: 0.14 Sample No. G1 G2 G3 G12

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.6 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities - Gamma Site Figure 3.6 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of epifaunal communities - site comparison

Similarity

100

B21

G11

A18

A16

B19

A17

A15

G12

G10

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of epifaunal communities - site comparison

Stress: 0.09 G2

A16

B4 A15

B5 B6 A18 B21 A17 B8 B19 G10 G1

G11 G3 G12

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.7 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Epinfaunal Communities - Comparison Figure 3.7 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering dendrogram of infaunal communities - site comparison Tran sf orm: Sq ua re ro ot Re se mblan ce: S17 Bray Curtis similar ity 20 Site ALPHA BE TA G AMMA

Similarity

10 0

B4 B4 B4 B4

G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G3 G1 G1 G3 G3 G3

A16 A17 A17 A13 A13 A13 A17 A16 A17 A13

G12 G12 Station

Mean two-dimentional MDS ordination plot of infaunal communities - site comparison

Transf orm: Square root R ese mbla nce: S1 7 Bray Cu rtis si mil arity 2D Stress: 0.18 Site A1 6 AL PH A BETA GAMMA G12 B4 B4 B4 B4 A13 A13 G3 A17 G3 G2 A1 7 G3 A1 3 G12 G3 G1 A17 G2 G1 A1 7 A16 G2 G1 A13 G1

McGregor GeoScience Limited

Figure 3.8 Clustering Dendrogram and MDS Plot Infaunal Communities - Comparison Figure 3.8 Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

APPENDIX 1 PSA (Particle Size Analysis) for selected Samples from Stations 001, 002, 003 and 012 Size Range Phi -4 to Phi +4 (Dry Sieve Method by Maxxam) Data Tables of Results with Histograms

McGregor GeoScience Limited EAR-0931-rev1.doc by volume 100% 87% Particle Size Analysis - Gamma BC0001-R2

Category Phi % Volume 1-4 0 2-3 1 3-2 5 4-1 7 5 0 0.15 0.1305 0.8 6 0.5 0.8 0.696 1.3 7 1 1.06 0.9222 1.8 8 1.5 1.04 0.9048 2.3 9 2 2.06 1.7922 2.8 10 2.5 5.78 5.0286 3.3 11 3 11.71 10.1877 3.8 12 3.5 16.15 14.0505 4.3 13 4 16.08 13.9896 4.8 14 4.5 12.44 10.8228 5.3 15 5 8.42 7.3254 5.8 16 5.5 5.92 5.1504 6.3 17 6 4.77 4.1499 6.8 18 6.5 4.11 3.5757 7.3 19 7 3.45 3.0015 7.8 20 7.5 2.73 2.3751 8.3 21 8 1.97 1.7139 8.8 22 8.5 1.14 0.9918 9.3 23 9 0.24 0.2088

100.02 100.0174

PSA BC0001-R2

% Volume 6

0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Phi Particle Size Analysis - Gamma BC0001-R3

by volume 100% 93% Category Phi % Volume 1-4 0 2-3 0 3-2 2 4-1 5 5 0 1.97 1.994129 1.85454 0.8 6 0.5 2.94 2.97601 2.767689 1.3 7 1 3.45 3.492256 3.247798 1.8 8 1.5 3.58 3.623849 3.370179 2.3 9 2 4.19 4.24132 3.944428 2.8 10 2.5 6.44 6.518878 6.062557 3.3 11 3 10.08 10.20346 9.48922 3.8 12 3.5 12.78 12.93653 12.03097 4.3 13 4 12.57 12.72396 11.83328 4.8 14 4.5 10.05 10.17309 9.460978 5.3 15 5 7.27 7.359044 6.843911 5.8 16 5.5 5.46 5.526875 5.139994 6.3 17 6 4.52 4.575362 4.255087 6.8 18 6.5 3.91 3.95789 3.680838 7.3 19 7 3.34 3.380909 3.144245 7.8 20 7.5 2.7 2.73307 2.541755 8.3 21 8 2.03 2.054864 1.911023 8.8 22 8.5 1.22 1.234943 1.148497 9.3 23 9 0.29 0.293552 0.273003

98.79 100 100

PSA BC001-R3

6 % Volume 4

0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Phi by volume 100% 90% Particle Size Analysis - Gamma BC0003-R3

Category Phi % Volume 1-4 0 2-3 2 3-2 2 4-1 6 5 0 1.2 1.216422 1.0947795 0.8 6 0.5 1.29 1.307653 1.176888 1.3 7 1 1.14 1.155601 1.0400405 1.8 8 1.5 0.68 0.689306 0.6203751 2.3 9 2 0.37 0.375063 0.337557 2.8 10 2.5 1.56 1.581348 1.4232134 3.3 11 3 5.35 5.423213 4.880892 3.8 12 3.5 10.54 10.68424 9.6158135 4.3 13 4 14.23 14.42473 12.982261 4.8 14 4.5 14.64 14.84034 13.35631 5.3 15 5 12.5 12.67106 11.403953 5.8 16 5.5 9.64 9.771921 8.7947288 6.3 17 6 7.28 7.379625 6.6416624 6.8 18 6.5 5.63 5.707045 5.1363406 7.3 19 7 4.49 4.551445 4.0963001 7.8 20 7.5 3.58 3.628991 3.2660922 8.3 21 8 2.67 2.706538 2.4358844 8.8 22 8.5 1.54 1.561075 1.4049671 9.3 23 9 0.32 0.324379 0.2919412

98.65 100 100

PSA BC0003-R3

% Volume 6

0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Phi Particle Size Analysis - Gamma BC0003-R6

by volume 100% 97% Category Phi % Volume 1-4 0 2-3 0 3-2 1 4-1 2 5 0 0.81 0.81645 0.791956 0.8 6 0.5 0.92 0.927326 0.899506 1.3 7 1 0.92 0.927326 0.899506 1.8 8 1.5 1.11 1.118839 1.085274 2.3 9 2 2.05 2.066324 2.004334 2.8 10 2.5 4.57 4.60639 4.468199 3.3 11 3 8.71 8.779357 8.515976 3.8 12 3.5 12.64 12.74065 12.35843 4.3 13 4 14.21 14.32315 13.89346 4.8 14 4.5 13.06 13.164 12.76908 5.3 15 5 10.54 10.62393 10.30521 5.8 16 5.5 8.08 8.14434 7.90001 6.3 17 6 6.22 6.269529 6.081443 6.8 18 6.5 4.88 4.918859 4.771293 7.3 19 7 3.84 3.870578 3.75446 7.8 20 7.5 2.99 3.013809 2.923395 8.3 21 8 2.18 2.197359 2.131438 8.8 22 8.5 1.25 1.259954 1.222155 9.3 23 9 0.23 0.231831 0.224877

99.21 100 100

PSA BC0003-R6

% Volume 6

0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Phi Particle Size Analysis - Gamma BC0012-R3

by volume 100% 89% Category Phi % Volume 1-4 1 2-3 0 3-2 2 4-1 8 5 0 0.06 0.0534 0.8 6 0.5 0.38 0.3382 1.3 7 1 0.54 0.4806 1.8 8 1.5 0.63 0.5607 2.3 9 2 1.59 1.4151 2.8 10 2.5 4.71 4.1919 3.3 11 3 9.84 8.7576 3.8 12 3.5 14.31 12.7359 4.3 13 4 15.44 13.7416 4.8 14 4.5 13.26 11.8014 5.3 15 5 10 8.9 5.8 16 5.5 7.44 6.6216 6.3 17 6 5.88 5.2332 6.8 18 6.5 4.85 4.3165 7.3 19 7 3.97 3.5333 7.8 20 7.5 3.15 2.8035 8.3 21 8 2.32 2.0648 8.8 22 8.5 1.34 1.1926 9.3 23 9 0.29 0.2581

100 100

PSA BC0012-R3

% Volume 6

0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Phi Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

APPENDIX 2 Community Composition Matrix

McGregor GeoScience Limited EAR-0931-rev1.doc Benthic Community Composition, Site Alpha. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample Station-Sample 13-R1 013-R4A 13-R4B 13-R6B 13-R7A 13-R7B 16-R5 16-R6 17-R1 17-R3 17-R4 17-R5 17-R7 PROTOZOA - FORAMINIFERA Cribrostomoides crassimargo 620 344 308 608 118 341 940 157 169 979 227 295 1411 Dentalina sp. 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 6 6 Pyrgo oblonga 1 Pyrgo williamsoni 1 2 Quinqueloculina seminulum 1 Quinqueloculina sp. 27 2 16 12 8 9 24 15 3 28 20 53 7 Quinqueloculina sp. #2 1 1 Rhabdammina/Hyperammina sp. 2989 4012 1548 832 1388 1935 3680 3343 3516 3161 2990 5109 3120 Tolypammina vagans 16

BRYOZOA Bryozoa 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 4 1 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 5 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 6 1 1 1 1 1 Bryozoa 7 1 Bryozoa 8 1 Bryozoa 9 1 Bryozoa 10 1 Bryozoa 12 1 Unknown Bryozoa 1 1 1 1

MEIOFAUNA NEMATA (NEMATODA) 29 37 47 35 2 15 204 14 25 31 151 8 OSTRACODA 1 1

MACROFAUNA MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA Astarte crenata 12 6 6 6 8 1 11 5 14 2 Bathyarca pectunculoides 8 5 1 1 20 9 1 Mytilidae 1 Nucula delphinodonta 1 1 4 1 4 Nuculana pernula 1 Thyasira flexuosa 4 2 8 6 1 1 Yoldia myalis 1 1 3 1 9 4 5 2 1 10 7 3 Unknown bivalve 1 GASTROPODA Lepeta caeca 1 Margarites sp. 1

ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Aglaophamus malmgreni 2 3 Ampharete sp. 1 1 4 Amphicteis gunneri 1 Capitella capitata 1 1 Chone duneri 1 8 8 10 1 Euchone incolor 1 Euchone papillosa 1 1 1 Fabricia sabella 1 5 6 8 8 Glyphanostomum pallescens 1 1 Heteromastus filiformis 1 2 1 1 2 3 Benthic Community Composition, Site Alpha. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample Station-Sample 13-R1 013-R4A 13-R4B 13-R6B 13-R7A 13-R7B 16-R5 16-R6 17-R1 17-R3 17-R4 17-R5 17-R7 Levinsenia gracilis 2 4 Lumbrineris fragilis 1 2 Lumbrineris/Scoletoma 2 6 3 1 4 3 1 Maldane sarsi 1 Melinna elisabethae 1 1 Nephtys cornuta 1 Nothria conchylega 9 1 6 5 10 11 32 5 6 8 22 5 Notoproctus abyssus 10 1 3 2 8 1 1 3 7 3 Notoproctus oculatus 3 4 4 5 2 3 1 10 Ophelina abranchiata 1 4 2 Ophelina cylindricaudata 1 6 4 Petaloproctus tenuis 1 1 1 Pholoe sp. 1 Pisionidae unid 1 Polycirrus medusa 1 1 Polynoidae unid. 1 2 Praxillella praetermissa 1 Prosphaerosyllis longicauda 1 2 2 1 Sabellidae unid. 2 Samytha sexicirrata 1 Samythella neglecta 1 1 Scalibregma inflatum 1 1 Scoletoma tetraura 1 Spiophanes kroyeri 1 Spirorbis sp. 1 1 2 Syllis cornuta 3 1 1 1 Terebellides stroemi 1 Tharyx sp. 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 Polychaeta - unknown 2 1

MARINE OLIGOCHAETE 1 1 1 1

ECHINODERMATA OPHIUROIDEA 1 1 4 1 1 Ophiacantha bidentata 1

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA Harpinia propinqua 1 Haploops sp. 1 Halice abyssi 17 Amphipoda - unknown 1 2 Amphipoda - unknown 2 1

CUMACEA Leucon sp. 2 ISOPODA Caecognathia sp. 1 Cyathura sp. TANAIDACEA 1 1 1

NEMERTEA 1 1 1 Cerebratulus sp 1 1 1 BRACHIPOODA Terebratulina septemtrionalis 1 1 1 1 SIPUNCULIDA 1 7 Benthic Community Composition, Site Alpha. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample Station-Sample 13-R1 013-R4A 13-R4B 13-R6B 13-R7A 13-R7B 16-R5 16-R6 17-R1 17-R3 17-R4 17-R5 17-R7 HYDROZOA Lafoea dumosa 1 1

SUMMARY STATISTICS (MACROFAUNA ONLY)

ABUNDANCE / SAMPLE 53 40 31 46 25 48 113 15 16 25 94 116 23

SPECIES / SAMPLE 14 21 14 21 11 13 13 3 9 8 31 29 13

SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY (H') (Log e) 2.162 2.801 2.366 2.778 1.868 2.149 2.234 0.853 2.010 1.602 2.965 2.845 2.378

PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.819 0.920 0.896 0.912 0.779 0.838 0.871 0.777 0.915 0.770 0.863 0.845 0.927

MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.714 0.863 0.801 0.846 0.648 0.724 0.687 0.418 0.793 0.596 0.809 0.783 0.842

SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.148 0.075 0.118 0.078 0.232 0.145 0.143 0.476 0.164 0.274 0.075 0.084 0.112

MARGALEF'S INDEX 3.274 5.422 3.786 5.224 3.107 3.100 2.538 0.739 2.885 2.175 6.603 5.890 3.827

Benthic Community Composition, Site Beta

Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

Station-Sample 4-R1A 4-R3A 4-R3B 4-R5A 4- 4-R8A 5-R1A 5-R1B 5-R2B 5-R3B 5-R4 5-R5A 6-R1 6-R2A 6-R3A 6-R4A 6-R4B 6-R5A R6 PROTOZOA - FORAMINIFERA Cribrostomoides crassimargo 3067 2748 3764 848 ### 2592 1382 56 2528 2768 4628 2840 2888 3104 217 2764 1784 3168 Dentalina sp. 2 1 1 1 Pyrgo williamsoni 1 1 1 Quinqueloculina seminulum 24 Quinqueloculina sp. 11 15 22 9 5 19 5 14 10 11 14 6 3 5 Quinqueloculina sp. #2 1 Rhabdammina/Hyperammina sp. 985 2090 2776 87 200 1216 3150 3758 1184 648 9984 3105 910 1840 188 497 653 1346

BRYOZOA Bryozoa 9 1 1 Bryozoa 12 1 Unknown Bryozoa 1 1 1 1

MEIOFAUNA NEMATA (NEMATODA) 25 30 34 25 17 32 12 17 11 60 33 38 8 63 8 13 14 20

MACROFAUNA MOLLUSCA

BIVALVIA Astarte crenata 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 10 2 1 3 1 1 Bathyarca pectunculoides 1 8 1 1 5 10 2 2 7 2 3 Cuspidaria sp. 1 1 1 Nucula delphinodonta 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 Nuculana pernula 1 Pectinidae 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Periploma sp. 4 Thyasira flexuosa 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 Yoldia myalis 1 2 1 3 2 5 1 4 3 1 3 5 1 2 1 1 1 GASTROPODA Fridgidoalvania janmayeni 1

ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Aglaophamus malmgreni 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ampharete sp. 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 Ancistrosyllis groenlandica 1 Anobothrus sp. 1 Asychis biceps 1 1 1 1 Chone duneri 1 1 1 Diplocirrus sp. 1 Dorvillea rudolphi anoculata 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Euchone papillosa 1 1 Fabricia sabella 1 Glyphanostomum pallescens 1 1 1 1 Heteromastus filiformis 1 1 2 1 Lumbrineris/Scoletoma 2 2 9 5 7 7 1 2 6 6 9 10 5 6 7 3 Maldane sarsi 3 1 2 4 1 4 2 4 3 1 7 6 Melinna cristata 1 Melinna elisabethae 1 Nephtys cornuta 3 4 3 5 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 5 5 3 4 1 Notoproctus abyssus 1 Notoproctus oculatus 1 3 2 2 Benthic Community Composition, Site Beta

Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

Station-Sample 4-R1A 4-R3A 4-R3B 4-R5A 4- 4-R8A 5-R1A 5-R1B 5-R2B 5-R3B 5-R4 5-R5A 6-R1 6-R2A 6-R3A 6-R4A 6-R4B 6-R5A R6 Ophelina abranchiata 1 Ophelina cylindricaudata 2 1 2 1 1 1 Paraonis sp. 1 Petaloproctus tenuis 1 Pholoe sp. 1 Pista cristata 1 Polycirrus medusa 1 Polynoidae unid. 1 Prionospio cirrifera 3 Protodorvillea kefersteini 1 Sabellidae unid. 1 Scalibregma inflatum 1 2 Scalibregma inflatum 1 Scoletoma tetraura 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 Sphaerodoropsis corrugata 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Spiophanes kroyeri 1 8 10 6 6 21 10 12 17 11 12 15 1 9 10 Terebellides stroemi 1 Tharyx sp. 1 2

MARINE OLIGOCHAETE 7

ECHINODERMATA OPHIUROIDEA 1

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA Haploops sp. 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Lysianassidae unid. 1 2 Amphipoda - unknown 1 3 2 1 1 2

CUMACEA Diastylis polita 1 1 1 Diastylis sp. 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 3 Eudorella sp. 1 1 2 Leptostylis ampullacea 1 Leptostylis longimana 1 1 1 Leucon sp. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 ISOPODA Caecognathia stygia 1 1 Caecognathia sp. 1 1 1 1 Munnopsis typica 1 1 Munnopsurus sp. 2 3 3 2 2 2 4 1 TANAIDACEA 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 1

PYCNOGONIDA Nymphon sp. 1 NEMERTEA 3 1 1 1 Cerebratulus sp 1 1 1 1 1 1 SIPUNCULIDA 13 14 15 7 17 17 13 16 12 16 14 22 12 22 15 10 7 15 ANTHOZOA Actiniaria 1 1 1 1

SUMMARY STATISTICS (MACROFAUNA ONLY)

ABUNDANCE / SAMPLE 44 52 61 33 50 51 36 50 62 47 72 92 59 72 58 50 45 56 Benthic Community Composition, Site Beta

Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

Station-Sample 4-R1A 4-R3A 4-R3B 4-R5A 4- 4-R8A 5-R1A 5-R1B 5-R2B 5-R3B 5-R4 5-R5A 6-R1 6-R2A 6-R3A 6-R4A 6-R4B 6-R5A R6

SPECIES / SAMPLE 21 21 16 16 17 19 14 17 17 13 22 20 20 19 22 19 18 17

SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY (H') (Log e) 2.632 2.581 2.280 2.514 ### 2.389 2.113 2.366 2.210 2.000 2.532 ### 2.615 2.419 2.416 2.581 2.504 2.372

PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.865 0.848 0.822 0.907 ### 0.811 0.801 0.835 0.780 0.780 0.819 ### 0.873 0.821 0.782 0.876 0.866 0.837

MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.772 0.760 0.722 0.821 ### 0.707 0.684 0.720 0.667 0.657 0.754 0.716 0.780 0.705 0.704 0.793 0.785 0.732

SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.119 0.119 0.137 0.104 ### 0.153 0.185 0.146 0.174 0.192 0.112 0.129 0.103 0.143 0.151 0.102 0.110 0.134

MARGALEF'S INDEX 5.285 5.062 3.649 4.290 ### 4.578 3.628 4.090 3.877 3.117 4.910 ### 4.660 4.209 5.172 4.601 4.466 3.975

Benthic Community Composition, Site Gamma. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

1-R1 1-R2 1-R3A 1-R3B 1-R4 1-R5 2-R3 2-R4 2-R5 2-R6 3-R2A 3-R2B 3-R3 3-R4A 3-R4B 3-R6A 12- 12-R3 Station-Sample R1

PROTOZOA - FORAMINIFERA Cribrostomoides crassimargo 149 397 190 210 219 81 60 104 109 2 18 88 403 394 284 376 190 192 Dentalina sp. 2 3 1 1 Pyrgo williamsoni 1 3 5 9 Quinqueloculina seminulum 1 Quinqueloculina sp. 24 5 26 5 27 26 4 1 31 28 9 25 32 7 8 3 Quinqueloculina sp. #2 1 1 1 1 Rhabdammina abyssorum 149 121 21 284 42 Rhabdammina/Hyperammina sp. 3326 3129 2990 3421 3049 2115 3020 3454 4922 4215 2150 2515 1461 4341 3040 1949 214 3552 Tolypammina vagans 10 4 560

BRYOZOA Bryozoa 2 1 Bryozoa 3 1 Bryozoa 5 1 1 Bryozoa 7 1 Unknown Bryozoa 1

MEIOFAUNA NEMATA (NEMATODA) 5 35 13 30 20 38 26 19 1 27 46 43 104 6 78 8 17 OSTRACODA 1 1

MACROFAUNA MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA Astarte crenata 2 4 3 3 1 3 2 1 9 3 9 3 2 1 Bathyarca pectunculoides 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 Cuspidaria sp. 1 1 Mytilidae 1 3 Nucula delphinodonta 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 Nuculana pernula 1 1 1 Pectinidae 1 1 Periploma sp. 2 Portlandia intermedia 2 Thyasira flexuosa 14 4 2 4 2 4 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 Yoldia myalis 4 12 3 1 4 2 3 2 3 5 5 5 1 5 1

ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Aglaophamus malmgreni 2 1 1 2 1 Amage auricula 2 Ampharete finmarchica 1 Ampharete sp. 1 2 5 1 1 4 3 4 2 4 5 4 Amphicteis gunneri 1 Amphicteis sundevalli 1 Ancistrosyllis groenlandica 2 2 3 Anobothrus sp. 1 1 Axionice maculata 1 2 Capitella capitata 2 Chaetozone setosa 1 2 4 Chaetozone sp. 1 1 2 Chone duneri 1 1 Dorvillea rudolphi anoculata 1 2 1 1 Benthic Community Composition, Site Gamma. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

1-R1 1-R2 1-R3A 1-R3B 1-R4 1-R5 2-R3 2-R4 2-R5 2-R6 3-R2A 3-R2B 3-R3 3-R4A 3-R4B 3-R6A 12- 12-R3 Station-Sample R1 Euchone papillosa 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 Fabricia sabella 1 1 1 1 Glycera capitata 1 1 1 1 1 1 Glyphanostomum pallescens 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 Heteromastus filiformis 1 3 1 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 Laphania boecki 2 Levinsenia gracilis 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Lumbrineris fragilis 1 1 1 1 Lumbrineris/Scoletoma 4 6 2 2 3 5 4 3 1 1 2 2 3 4 Maldane arctica 4 2 3 1 1 Maldane sarsi 2 1 3 1 Nephtys cornuta 1 1 1 Nothria conchylega 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 Notoproctus abyssus 1 5 5 2 3 1 2 7 16 7 Notoproctus oculatus 7 2 1 1 3 10 9 13 10 12 2 8 Ophelina cylindricaudata 1 1 1 Paraonis sp. 1 Parapionosyllis sp. ? 1 2 Petaloproctus tenuis 1 Pholoe sp. 1 Pista cristata 1 Polycirrus medusa 1 1 Polynoidae unid. 1 1 2 Praxillella praetermissa 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 Prosphaerosyllis longicauda 1 Samythella neglecta 2 3 3 1 2 Scalibregma inflatum 3 1 1 Scalibregma inflatum 1 2 1 2 Scoletoma tetraura 2 1 1 Sphaerodoropsis corrugata 1 1 Spiophanes kroyeri 1 1 1 2 1 Terebellides stroemi 1 Tharyx sp. 3 10 1 3 4 1 6 6 4 1 1 5 4 1 Polychaeta - unknown 1 1

MARINE OLIGOCHAETE 1 13 6 1 8 2 1 1

ECHINODERMATA HOLOTHUROIDEA Molpadia sp. 3 1

CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA Harpinia propinqua 1 1 Haploops sp. 9 7 6 3 11 1 5 6 5 4 9 10 8 8 3 Lysianassidae unid. 1 Amphipoda - unknown 1 1 Amphipoda - unknown 2 3 2 2

CUMACEA Diastylis spinulosa 2 1 Leptostylis longimana 3 1 1 Leucon sp. 1 1 1 ISOPODA Caecognathia elongata 1 1 Benthic Community Composition, Site Gamma. Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

1-R1 1-R2 1-R3A 1-R3B 1-R4 1-R5 2-R3 2-R4 2-R5 2-R6 3-R2A 3-R2B 3-R3 3-R4A 3-R4B 3-R6A 12- 12-R3 Station-Sample R1 Cyathura sp. 1 1 Munna sp. 1 1 2 1 1 1 TANAIDACEA 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3

NEMERTEA 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 Cerebratulus sp 2 1 2 BRACHIPOODA Terebratulina septemtrionalis 1 SIPUNCULIDA 1 13 7 2 4 1 PORIFERA 1

CHORDATA Ascidiacea 2

SUMMARY STATISTICS (MACROFAUNA ONLY)

ABUNDANCE / SAMPLE 35 90 30 61 60 25 50 48 43 3 75 49 65 82 62 65 13 37

SPECIES / SAMPLE 15 24 14 27 24 17 29 23 20 2 26 15 23 26 23 23 8 21

SHANNON-WIENER

DIVERSITY (H') (Log e) 2.381 2.763 2.387 3.196 ### ### 3.126 2.900 2.647 0.637 2.793 2.282 ### 2.776 2.812 2.870 ### 2.871

PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J') 0.879 ### 0.905 0.970 0.915 ### 0.928 0.925 ### 0.918 0.857 0.843 ### 0.852 0.897 0.915 ### ###

MCINTOSH'S INDEX 0.781 0.797 0.812 0.904 0.841 ### 0.887 0.865 0.807 ### 0.790 0.728 0.816 0.783 0.824 0.840 ### ###

SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.123 ### 0.113 0.045 ### ### 0.057 0.068 0.100 0.556 0.091 0.141 0.081 0.092 0.079 0.070 ### ###

MARGALEF'S INDEX ### 5.111 3.822 6.325 5.618 ### 7.157 5.683 5.052 0.910 5.790 3.597 5.270 5.673 5.331 5.270 ### 5.539

Benthic Community Composition, Reference Stations Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

Station-Sample 21-R1A 21-R2A 21-R2B 21-R3A 21-R3B 21-R5A 21-R6A

PROTOZOA - FORAMINIFERA Cribrostomoides crassimargo 2 1904 1352 2192 2908 700 2392

Pyrgo williamsoni 1 1 Quinqueloculina sp. 7 36 4 4 4 3 Rhabdammina/Hyperammina sp. 533 1328 210 672 474 170 364

BRYOZOA 1 Unknown Bryozoa

MEIOFAUNA NEMATA (NEMATODA) 5 8 11 8 10 14 MACROFAUNA

MOLLUSCA

BIVALVIA Astarte crenata 3 5 2

Bathyarca pectunculoides 2 4 2 2 3 8 Cuspidaria sp. 1

Mytilidae 1 Nucula delphinodonta 1 1 Pectinidae Thyasira flexuosa 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 Yoldia myalis 4 20 1 1 1 1 3

GASTROPODA Fridgidoalvania janmayeni 1

ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA

Aglaophamus malmgreni 1 2 2 2 Ampharete finmarchica 1 1 Ampharete sp. 1 2 2

Asychis biceps 1 Chone duneri 2 2 1

Diplocirrus sp. 1 Dorvillea rudolphi anoculata 1 1 Fabricia sabella 1

Glyphanostomum pallescens 1 2 Heteromastus filiformis 1

Lumbrineris/Scoletoma 2 4 2 4 2 3 Maldane sarsi 2 1 7 2 Melinna elisabethae 1

Nephtys cornuta 5 5 2 2 2 2 1 Notoproctus oculatus 2

Scoletoma tetraura 1 1 Spiophanes kroyeri 11 4 5 7 6 2 Tharyx sp. 1

Benthic Community Composition, Reference Stations Abundance per 0.1 m2 sample

Station-Sample 21-R1A 21-R2A 21-R2B 21-R3A 21-R3B 21-R5A 21-R6A

CRUSTACEA

AMPHIPODA Haploops sp. 1 1 1

Rhachotropis macropus 1 2 Amphipoda - unknown 1

CUMACEA Diastylis polita 1 1

Diastylis sp. 3 10 1 1 Eudorella sp. 1 1 1 Leucon sp. 1

ISOPODA Caecognathia sp. 1 1 1

Munnopsis typica 1 1 Munnopsurus sp. 1 1 4 3 2 1 2 2 TANAIDACEA

NEMERTEA Cerebratulus sp 1 1 1 3 7 2 10 5 7 11 SIPUNCULIDA

SUMMARY STATISTICS (MACROFAUNA ONLY)

49 77 23 31 33 34 47 ABUNDANCE / SAMPLE

20 22 10 15 14 15 18 SPECIES / SAMPLE

SHANNON-WIENER

DIVERSITY (H') (Log e) 2.705 2.586 2.013 2.361 2.420 2.427 2.548

0.903 0.837 0.874 0.872 0.917 0.896 0.881 PIELOU'S EVENNESS (J')

0.813 0.748 0.739 0.759 0.811 0.802 0.782 MCINTOSH'S INDEX

SIMPSON'S INDEX 0.092 0.114 0.172 0.143 0.109 0.112 0.110

4.882 4.834 2.870 4.077 3.718 3.970 4.415 MARGALEF'S INDEX

Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Data Report for Environmental Impact Survey

APPENDIX 3 ERT Chromatograms

McGregor GeoScience Limited EAR-0931-rev1.doc ERT Samples

Sample # Designation BC001-R2 Org 1 O1 BC001-R3 Org 1 O2 BC001-R3 Org 1 O3 BC002-R4 Org 1 O4 BC002-R5 Org 1 O5 BC003-R2 Org 1 O6 BC003-R3 Org 1 O7 BC003-R4 Org 1 O8 BC012-R3 Org 1 O9 BC012-R3 Org 2 O10

BC004-R1 Org 1 O11 BC004-R3 Org 1 O12 BC004-R6 Org 1 O13 BC004-R8 Org 1 O14 BC005-R2 Org 1 O15 BC005-R3 Org 1 O16 BC005-R5 Org 1 O17 BC006-R1 Org 1 O18 BC006-R3 Org 1 O19 BC006-R5 Org 1 O20

BC013-R4 Chem1 O21 BC013-R6 Chem1 O22 BC013-R7 Chem1 O23 BC017-R5 Chem1 O24 BC017-R5 Chem2 O25 BC021-R3 Org 1 O26 BC021-R5 Org 1 O27 BC021-R6 Org 1 O28

Metocean Appendix

DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

February 26th, 2010

Prepared by Prepared for

McGregor GeoScience Limited CAPRICORN GREENLAND 177 Blue Water Road, EXPLORATION No 1 Ltd Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada 50 Lothian Road, B4B 1H1 Edinburgh, Scotland, UK EH3 9BY

Prepared for

Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

Metocean Appendix DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

Client Project Manager: I. Watt McGregor Project Manager: R. Hunter Interpretation and Report By: M. Macneil McGregor Project Number: 0931 McGregor Document Number: Metocean-Appendix-0931-rev1

VERSION TRACKING

Rev. Date of Issue Issued for Original Checked by Distributed to Company

0 February 21st, 2010 Review MM JH S. Cashmore RPS

1 February 26th, 2010 Review MM JH S. Cashmore RPS

Document Control Authority – Rick Hunter Issued by: McGregor GeoScience Limited

McGregor GeoScience Limited i Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ASW Arctic Surface Water AW Arctic Water C Celsius cm centimetre(s) cm/s centimetres per second CCW Counter Clockwise CTD Conductivity Temperature and Depth CW Clockwise m metre(s) Psu Practical Salinity Units oT Degrees relative to True North TrW Transition Water WGIW West Greenland Intermediate Water WGSW West Greenland Surface Water

Components of Tide-Producing Forces

M2 Principal Lunar - Semidiurnal S2 Principal Solar - Semidiurnal N2 Larger Lunar Elliptic - Semidiurnal K1 Luni-Solar - Diurnal O1 Principal Lunar - Diurnal

McGregor GeoScience Limited ii Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS...... II LIST OF TABLES ...... IV LIST OF FIGURES...... V 1 WATER MASSES CURRENTS AND TIDES...... 1 1.1 WATER MASSES ...... 1 1.2 CURRENTS ...... 2 1.3 TIDES...... 3 2 WAVES ...... 4 2.1 WAVES ...... 4 3 TEMPERATURE ...... 5 3.1 TEMPERATURE ...... 5 4 SALINITY...... 6 4.1 SALINITY ...... 6 REFERENCES...... 7

McGregor GeoScience Limited iii Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Mean and Maximum Monthly Significant Wave Height for Alpha Site 4 Table 2.2 Mean and Maximum Monthly Significant Wave Height for Beta Site 4 Table 3.1 Temperature Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites (AMEC, 2009) 5 Table 4.1 Salinity Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites (AMEC, 2009) 6

McGregor GeoScience Limited iv Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

LIST OF FIGURES

All figures follow the main body of the report.

Section One Figure 1.1 Regional Currents in Baffin Bay Area Figure 1.2 Example of Summary Conditions – Temperature 2008 Figure 1.3 Historical Current and Water Properties – Southern Baffin Bay Figure 1.4 CTD Site Data from 2009 Metocean Programme

McGregor GeoScience Limited v Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix

1 WATER MASSES CURRENTS AND TIDES

1.1 WATER MASSES Overall circulation in Baffin Bay forms a cyclonic gyre with northerly flow along the Greenland coast and southerly flow along the coast of Baffin Island (B. Petrie, 2009). Surface circulation is comprised of West Greenland Surface Water (WGSW) flowing north over the shelf along the west coast of Greenland, and Arctic Surface Water (ASW) from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago flowing south along the eastern coast of Baffin Island. Below these surface waters a branch of the Irminger Current flows north forming West Greenland Intermediate Water (WGIW) over the bulk of the West Greenland Shelf Slope, while Arctic Water (AW) and Transition Water (TrW) flow south, over the bulk of the western side of the basin (Figure 1.1) (B. Petrie, 2010).

The spatial evolution of the temperature signature of these waters provides an overview of the circulation. Figure 1.2 presents data interpolated from measurements made in 2008 as a part of a multi-year program along five sections located in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea (B. Petrie, 2010). Most of the westerly flowing warm (Irminger) water to the south of Greenland crosses the mouth of Davis Strait and turns south along the Labrador coast. A small branch of the Irminger flow passes through the eastern side of Davis Strait and continues into Baffin Bay where it weakens as it mixes with cold AW. A warm north flowing current remains along the shelf break and slope of the Greenland Shelf forming the WGIW, while a tongue of mixed TrW extends west to the Baffin Island shelf at depths from about 200m to 1000m overlain with cold AW water and underlain with cold deep Baffin Basin water.

A detailed section showing current, temperature and salinity along the “Mooring Line” section shown in Figure 1.3 corresponding to data collected in August 2005 and October 2004. The data months bracket the field program at the Sigguk block study sites in 2009 and the data are expected to be representative of the cross-section of properties at corresponding depths further to the north. Figure 1.3 shows the northerly flow on the east side of Baffin Bay and the southerly flow to the west. The region of the shelf slope corresponding to the depths at the Sigguk block study sites is shown with an arrow at the top of the figure. Below the arrow we see that the study area is near the front

McGregor GeoScience Limited 1 Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd Metocean Appendix between the northerly and southerly flows and that water masses include warm surface mixed water (WGSW), the remaining warm core of the Irminger water (WGIW) and the south flowing cold AW and at the deepest site TrW.

CTD casts obtained at Sigguk block study sites in 2009 are shown in Figure 1.4. The overall structure of the water column is the same at corresponding depths at each site. All sites are influenced by cold AW with a minimum temperature of -1.5oC occurring at depths from 50m to 70m. The AW is overlain by a warm surface layer in August (~7.5oC) and that cools and deepens by September (~3.5oC) due to wind wave induced mixing during the ice-free season. The AW is underlain by warm WGIW with a sub-surface temperature maximum of ~3.5oC at 300m. Bottom waters at the deepest site, (Beta site), exhibit a cooling trend with increasing depth indicative of TrW. Thus four water types influence the water mass in the study area. Further to the west the surface waters would be underlain by AW and TrW with a mean transport to the south while to the east the water mass is WGSW with a mean transport to the north.

1.2 CURRENTS Mean currents in the study area are weak. At Alpha site, surface means of 2-3cm/s extend to a depth of ~50m in the direction 130oT. From 50m to 200m the mean weakens to between 1 to 2cm/s while rotating counter clockwise from 130oT to 90oT. Below 200m the mean strengthens from 2 to 4cm/s toward 90 to 50oT. Thus the bottom mean is aligned with the local bathymetric contours while the surface mean is flowing at right angles to them over Alpha Ridge. At Beta site, surface means of 2 to 5cm/s extend to a depth of ~150m in the direction 300 to 310oT. The mean weakens to ~1cm/s in the opposite direction (120 to 140oT) over the depth range 150 to 300m. Below 300m the mean strengthens somewhat to ~2cm/s with no further rotation in direction. Thus at this site, situated at the mouth of Uummannaq Channel, the means are aligned with the direction of the channel, SE at the bottom and NW at the surface. At Gamma site, the means range from ~2cm/s near the surface to ~8cm/s near the bottom. The mean flows toward about 40oT at all depths. It is aligned with the local bathymetric contours (AMEC, 2009).

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At all sites the standard deviation of the observed currents is large compared to the strength of the mean currents (typically 10 to 20cm/s).

1.3 TIDES Over 90% of current variance (energy) occurs in the mid-frequency band that includes diurnal and semi-diurnal tides and inertial oscillations. The five main tidal constituents (Principal Lunar (M2), Principal Solar (S2), Major Lunar Elliptical (N2), Luni-solar Declinational (K1) and Principal Lunar (O1)) explain over 60% of the total current variance. Tides are coherent between sites being generally in the same direction at the same time. Semi-diurnal tides are strongest at the surface and tend to align with bathymetric contours. There is relatively little vertical variation in the diurnal tides (AMEC, 2009).

The strongest semi-diurnal tidal constituent (M2) is strong in the surface waters and has similar inclination and phase rotating CW in an eccentric ellipse whose semi-major is about twice its semi-minor axes. Deeper in the water column the semi-diurnal tide becomes nearly rectified rotating in a more eccentric ellipse so that the sense of rotation is less relevant. Near-bottom current data show that the M2 ellipse becomes less eccentric and rotates CCW. Overall, the semi-diurnal tides are horizontally similar near the surface at each site but rotate to align with bathymetric contours near the bottom at the Alpha and Gamma sites while aligning with the axis of Uummannaq Channel at the Beta site. The strongest diurnal tidal constituent (K1) is similar in magnitude, inclination and phase, with little vertical variation between sites. K1 tidal currents rotate CW in an eccentric ellipse with the semi-major axis being twice the semi-minor axes. The K1 tidal currents are directionally coherent between sites.

In summary, water properties observed in the study area are consistent with the general understanding of circulation in Baffin Bay. Warm WGSW and WGIW are interleaved with cold AW and TrW with a cyclonic overall circulation (Buch, 2000). The study site is located near the transition between north flowing shelf waters to the east and south flowing waters over the bulk of the basin to the west, Mean currents are weak and over 60% of the total tidal variance is due to the tidal oscillations (Tang et al, 2004).

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2 WAVES

2.1 WAVES Wave heights in eastern Baffin Bay are small (Valeur et al, 1996). This is primarily the result of relatively weak winds and a restricted fetch caused by the common presence of sea ice (B., Petrie, 2009). When larger waves do occur, they are usually of short duration. The maximum average significant wave height within the Sigguk block occurs from November through January which coincides with peak monthly wind speeds (C- Core 2009). Significant wave height hind cast data for both the Alpha and Beta wellsite locations have been analysed on a monthly basis and results are presented in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.

Table 2.1 Mean and Maximum Monthly Significant Wave Height for Alpha Site Month Mean (m) Maximum (m) July 0.56 3.42 August 0.85 5.49 September 1.12 5.33 October 1.36 6.83

Table 2.2 Mean and Maximum Monthly Significant Wave Height for Beta Site Month Mean (m) Maximum (m) July 0.61 3.51 August 0.84 5.06 September 1.1 5.17 October 1.32 6.45

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3 TEMPERATURE

3.1 TEMPERATURE Sea surface temperature off the west coast of Greenland shows little variation throughout the year (Noble Denton, 2008). Temperatures are lowest in January and February and highest in August at approximately 6 to 8°C (B.Curry et al., 2010). Temperature profiles were recorded at the three study sites during deployment and recovery operations in 2009. The key aspects of the profiles are summarized in Table 3.1. The seafloor temperatures varied by 1.6°C with the lowest temperatures recorded at the deepest study site location (Beta) and the highest temperatures at the shallowest study site (Alpha) location. Otherwise, temperature profiles are similar over corresponding depths at all three study sites.

Table 3.1 Temperature Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites (AMEC, 2009) (+/- 0.5°C for inter-site averages; +/- 0.1°C for site specific bottom records) July 31 – August 1 25 September – 28 September Temperature Depth Temperature Depth Surface 7.5 <15m 3.5 <40m AW Minimum -0.15 50-70m -1.5 60-70m WGIW 3.5 300m 3.5 300m Maximum Near-Bottom 3.4 320m 3.3 320m Alpha (WGIW) Near-Bottom 1.8 650m 1.7 650m Beta (TrW) Near-Bottom 2.7 470m - - Gamma (TrW)

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4 SALINITY

4.1 SALINITY Sea surface salinity in the study area off the west coast of Greenland shows little variation. Salinity profiles were recorded at the three study site during deployment and recovery operations in 2009. The key aspects of the profiles are summarized in Table 4.1. Surface salinity was constant within ~0.1psu around the mean. Maximum salinities of ~34.8psu coincide with the depth of maximum temperature at ~300m during deployment. Salinities fall slightly below 300m to a minimum of 34.6psu at the seafloor during recovery. Variations in salinity are slight and beyond detection at the seafloor.

Table 4.1 Salinity Recorded at Alpha, Beta and Gamma Sites (AMEC, 2009) (+/-0.1 psu for inter-site averages; +/- 0.05 for site specific bottom records) 31 July – 1 Aug 25 September – 28 September Salinity Depth Salinity Depth Surface 32.5 <15m 32.7 <40m AW Minimum 33.5 50-70m 33.3 60-70m WGIW Maximum 34.8 300m 34.7 300m Near-bottom Alpha 34.77 320m 34.70 320m site (WGIW) Near-bottom Beta 34.67 650m 34.62 6.50 site (TrW) Near-bottom 34.75 470m - - Gamma Site (TrW)

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REFERENCES

AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (2009); Physical Oceanographic Data Report: 2009 Current Data – Sites Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Buch, E. (2000). A monograph on the Physical Oceanography of Greenland Waters. Danish Meteorological Institute, Scientific Report 00-12, ISSN 0905-3263, ISBN 87- 7478-421-8. Copenhagen.

C-Core. 2009. Iceberg, Sea Ice and Metocean Conditions at Disko West: Draft Report, R-09-026-701. Prepared for: Capricorn Greenland Exploration 1 Ltd.

Curry., C.Lee and B.Petrie (2010); Volume, freshwater and heat fluxes through Davis Strait, 2004-2005; submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography.

Noble Denton. 2008. West Greenland Metocean Study. Noble Denton Report D.513/NDME/RD for Cairn Energy

Petrie, B., (2010), Research Scientist, Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Personal communication. The Davis Strait study part of U.S. National Science Foundation Freshwater Initiative (2004-2007) and the International Polar Year (IPY) and Arctic Observing Network (AON) (2007-2010) programs under grants OPP0230381 and OPP0632231.

Tang, C.C.L., C.K. Ross, T. Yao, B. Petrie, B.M. DeTracey and E. Dunlap. The circulation, water masses and sea-ice of Baffin Bay. Progress in Oceanography 63 (2004) 183-228.

Valeur, H.H., Hansen, C., Hansen, K.Q., Rasmussen, L. & Thingvad, N. 1996. Weather, Sea and Ice Conditions in Eastern Baffin Bay, Offshore Northwest Greenland: A Review. Danish Meteorological Institute Technical Report No. 96-12. 39 pp.

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Figures

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Figure 1.1 Regional Currents in Baffin Bay Area (Source: Brian Petrie, Bedford Institute of Oceanography

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Figure 1.2 Example of Summary Conditions – Temperature 2008 (Source: Courtesy of B.Curry, C.Lee and B.Petrie, submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography)

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Figure 1.3 Historical Current and Water Properties – Southern Baffin Bay

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Figure 1.4 CTD Site Data from 2009 Metocean Programme (Source: Physical Oceanographic Data Report: 2009 Current Data – Sites Alpha, Beta and Gamma)

McGregor GeoScience Limited 12 Metocean_Review_Rev1.doc Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

SUMMARY REGIONAL GEOPHYSICS REPORT Regional Survey Area

DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

ABSTRACT DOCUMMENT FOR EIS APPENDIX

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

Summary Regional Geophysics Report Regional Survey Area

DISKO WEST BLOCK 1 AND 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua) OFFSHORE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND

Capricorn Project Manager: I. Watt McGregor Project Manager: R. Hunter McGregor Senior Scientist J. Stewart Interpretation and Report By: J. Hawken, D. Tzekakis McGregor Project Number: 0931 McGregor Document Number: RGR-0931-Regional-Geophysics-rev0

Document Extraction by: Ian Wilson (RPS Energy)

GLOSSARY OF TERMS CDGPS Canada-wide DGPS Service CRP Common Reference Point DGPS Differential GPS GPS Global Positioning System km kilometres m metres MBES Multi-Beam Echo Sounder UTM Universal Transverse Mercator WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A Regional Survey was conducted during the summer of 2009 by McGregor GeoScience Limited for the purpose of assessing the regional seafloor conditions and shallow geology. Two vessels, the STRAIT SIGNET and STRAIT EXPLORER, were employed in collecting data on bathymetry, seafloor composition and bedforms, seafloor fauna, shallow sub-seafloor structure and seismic character. Data acquisition systems employed included: gravity corer, box corer, double Van Veen grab sampler, seabed camera, multibeam bathymetry and 3.5 kHz seismic profiler. Site specific side scan sonar collected at the Alpha site has been included to help illustrate seabed conditions. All surveys were referenced to the WGS84 ellipsoid and positioned using GPS with pseudo-range corrections data generated by the Canadian based CDGPS network. Equipment specifications, data acquisition parameters, processing information and other pertinent information related to the survey operations are included in the vessel specific survey reports; Strait Signet Survey Report and Strait Explorer Survey Report.

Bathymetry over the Regional Area indicates water depths range from 244m in the east to 769m in the west. Over the NW portion of the site the continental shelf has been incised by a broad, low relief channel, the seaward extension of the Uummannaq Fjord. Regionally the seafloor is gently inclined over much of the Regional area with increased gradients encountered along the flanks of the elongated, linear highs present throughout the channel. Iceberg scours are present throughout the Regional Site but are concentrated on the continental shelf with significantly reduced frequency in the Uummannaq Channel. Local seafloor gradients along the berms of these scours show gradients up to 14°. Local gradients of 26°, the largest recorded gradients over the site, are encountered on the shelf edge along the edges of a large rotational slump feature which marks the transition from continental shelf to continental slope.

Seafloor sediments consist of over-consolidated, poorly sorted tills throughout the continental slope. Sediment samples and seabed photographs confirm the presence of cobbles and boulders at the seafloor and in the shallow sub-surface. These large clasts appear to be concentrated on iceberg scour berms.

A sediment drape with limited accumulations is present throughout the shelf. Although not directly sampled this drape is interpreted to be fine grained (clay and silt) and to have relatively low soil strengths. This drape increases substantially in thickness showing internal laminations within the Uummannaq channel. Sediments are thickest on the northeastern extents of the channel reaching a maximum thickness of 18m, and thin downslope towards the shelf edge. Sediment is draped over the ridges observed within the channel although the sediment does thin atop these features. Seabed samples indicate these sediments consist of silt and clay interbedded with sand and gravel. Occasional cobbles and boulders are present throughout the site deposited as dropstones from icebergs.

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

1 INTRODUCTION

The Regional Site represents a large area encompassing the three site-specific surveys, Alpha, Beta and Gamma, conducted off West Greenland in Disko West blocks 1 & 3 (Sigguk and Eqqua), between July.24th and October.10th, 2009 (Figure 1.1). The blocks are held by Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd. (Capricorn), an affiliate of Cairn Energy of Edinburgh. The survey was conducted by McGregor GeoScience Limited (McGregor) of Halifax, Nova Scotia and employed the survey vessels, STRAIT EXPLORER and STRAIT SIGNET. For the Regional site, The STRAIT EXPLORER contributed seafloor photography at a total of 18 seafloor photograph stations. Approximately 625 photos were collected. The STRAIT SIGNET collected multibeam bathymetry, acoustic backscatter and 3.5 kHz sub-bottom profiler data. Seabed samples (Van Veen grab, gravity and box cores) were recovered at 11 locations within the Regional Survey boundaries.

The Regional Site survey was conducted over a 45km by 110km area with water depths ranging from approximately 244m in the east to 769m in the west. The bathymetry of Western Greenland is illustrated in Figure 1.2. From this map it is apparent that the Regional Survey area encompasses the edge of the continental shelf over the SE half of the site and a broad channel extending from the Uummannaq Fjord over the NW half of the regional area.

The equipment deployed in the two-vessel survey of the Gamma area was as follows:

STRAIT SIGNET:

• Elac 1050 Multibeam bathymetry system with backscatter recording • Hull-mounted Knudsen, 3.5kHz Sub-bottom Profiler, digitally recorded • Gravity Corer • Van-veen grab sampler • Box Corer

STRAIT EXPLORER:

• Underwater camera (digital recordings)

Thus for the Regional Survey area we are able to report on the following:

• Seafloor structure and bedforms - Multibeam bathymetry • Seafloor geology - Grab sampler, boxcores and seafloor photographs - Sediment grain-size analyses • Surficial sediment character - 3.5kHz Profiler, multibeam backscatter • Sub-seafloor structure and character - 3.5kHz Profiler, multibeam backscatter

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

2 SEAFLOOR CONDITIONS

Regionally the continental shelf off central West Greenland is broad and comparatively deep with the transition to continental slope occurring at a maximum of 700m depth as illustrated in Figure 1.2. In the vicinity of the Sigguk and Eqqua blocks the shelf is incised by a broad, deep, low-relief channel, informally named the Uummannaq Channel; the seaward extension of Uummannaq Fjord located north of Nuussuaq Penninsula and Disko (Qeqertarsauk) Island. A low-relief ridge that flanks the southern side of the Uummannaq Channel has been informally named Alpha Ridge with the adjacent trough, flanking the ridge to the east, named Alpha Trough. The Alpha Ridge and Alpha Trough are roughly defined by the 340m water depth contour line.

2.1 SEAFLOOR STRUCTURE

Bathymetry of the 2009 Regional Survey, presented in Figures 2.1 and 2.2, shows water depths range from 244m atop Alpha Ridge in the east to 769m along the shelf edge in the west. A separate map illustrating the range and distribution of the seafloor gradients over the site has been computed from the multibeam bathymetry and are presented in Figures 2.5 and calculated from a 25m grid of bathymetry and shows the local seafloor gradients as resolvable on the multibeam bathymetry. For descriptive purposes the Regional Site has been divided into four structural areas; the continental shelf, the Alpha Ridge and Trough, the Uummannaq Channel and the Shelf break.

The resolution of the multibeam bathymetry can be described in terms of along track, across track and vertical resolution. The along track and across track resolution is related to the footprint of the MBES which becomes larger as depths increase and as the distance from nadir increases. Vertical resolution which also decreases as depth increase is 1% of water depth. Therefore in 244 metres water depth, the shallowest waters encountered over the regional area, seafloor features with less than 2.4m relief would not be resolved. Scours with this minimum relief and possibly greater must also be wide enough to be detected by the multibeam footprint which at nadir (directly below the vessel) in 244m of water depth is an ellipse measuring 19m along track and 7.4m across track. As distance from the nadir increases the footprint becomes larger as the beams have a longer distance to travel. In 244m water depth the footprint on the outer beam would be 45m along track and 41m across track. As water depths increase vertical resolution decreases particularly on the outer beams which have a significantly longer travel path than beams at the nadir. This is apparent within the Uummannaq Channel where striping is evident on the MBES imagery. In 764m water depth, the greatest water depths encountered within the Regional Survey area, vertical resolution would be 7.6m and the MBES footprint at nadir would be 50m along track and 20m across track. On the outer beams this footprint would increase to 121m along track and 111m across track. Hence not all seabed features are represented on the MBES imagery particularly in deeper water and at increased distances from the nadir. Similarly the gradient map, which is calculated from the bathymetry, does not represent all gradients present throughout the site.

2.1.1 Continental Shelf

Discussions herein of the continental shelf include the Gamma site and are restricted to the areas outside of the Uummannaq Channel and areas not encompassed by the Alpha Trough and Ridge. The regional bathymetry over this area (Figure 2.2) shows water depths on the continental shelf are roughly between 350m and 600m. The seafloor profiles through this area show the seafloor has a gentle dip from the Alpha Ridge into the Uummannaq Channel. Of particular note is the subtle terrace visible on Profile 2 in approximately 425m of water. The edge of this terrace, which is evident on the shaded relief bathymetry (Figure 2.2), is marked by a step down through the Gamma site. A similar step-down marks the change from Continental Shelf to the Uummannaq Channel. Regionally the seafloor over the continental shelf is gently inclined toward the NW at less than 3°. Regional gradients increase slightly along the terrace step-down but still remain below 3°.

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

The shaded relief bathymetry (Figure 2.2) shows the seafloor has been intensely scoured by icebergs. These scours appear to have a predominant WNW-ESE trend although scour orientation is highly variable. This intense scouring by iceberg keels has created lateral berms as sediment was churned aside by the scouring iceberg. These resulting berms are typically steep sided resulting in great variation in seafloor slope on a local scale, as represented in Figure 2.5, with maximum recorded gradients of 15° on the shelf. The calculated gradients have the same resolution as the multibeam bathymetry and as such scours not resolved on the MBES are not represented on the gradient map.

2.1.2 Uummannaq Channel

The Uummannaq Channel is a broad WSW-ENE trending channel approximately 27km wide within the Regional Survey area. The channel widens seaward with the edges becoming less distinct as the shelf edge is approached. Depths within the channel range from 680m at the mouth of the channel to 632m in the west. The mouth of the channel is restricted by a narrow, southwest-trending bathymetric low, but opens generally to the southwest at mid-slope in 680 metres water depth.

At the mouth of the Uummannaq Channel the channel floor rises slightly in a broad, low relief, SW-NE-trending ridge that interrupts the ever-deepening, streamlined floor of the channel. This feature is suggestive of a low relief, glacier terminal moraine that, given its poorly developed structure, has been subsequently reworked by ice action. Seaward of this local high a subtle, slope parallel channel has developed.

The floor of the channel is notable for its prominent, low relief ridge-and-trough topography that is very suggestive of flow-controlled, possibly sub-glacial deposition. These features, which parallel the channel axis have locally steeper seabed gradients measuring up to 8°. In the middle of the upper channel, there is a bathymetric high that measures 2 kilometres wide, 17 kilometres long and has relief of approximately 20 metres above the surrounding seabed (Figure 2.2). Seabed gradients on the southeastern flank of the bathymetric high are approximately 3°. At the mouth of the channel and in the vicinity of the Beta site these ridges become increasingly subtle and change orientation from an ENE-WSW trend in the channel to a NE-SW trend at the channel mouth.

In the upper channel the seafloor between these topographic highs is relatively smooth and is represented in one instance by a seafloor depression. This elongate depression is approximately 800 metres long, 240 metres wide and 25 metres deep. Seafloor gradients increase to 23° on the sidewalls of this depression. Although ice-scours are readily apparent outside the channel at depths equivalent to those of the channel floor, few are observed in the channel. The seabed surface becomes rougher down channel, possibly the result of iceberg plough marks and/or relict channel levees with low (< 2 metres) relief. The channel floor slopes gently down to the southwest with seabed gradients of less than 2°. Seabed gradients on the channel margins range from 3° to 8°.

2.1.3 Alpha Ridge and Alpha Trough

The Alpha Ridge represents a topographic high trending approximately NE-SW and plunging to the NE. The shallowest water depth encountered over the Regional Survey Area occur over the SW extents of the Alpha Ridge. The western flanks of the Alpha Ridge are inclined at approximately 5°, slightly higher than gradients encountered on the continental shelf. The eastern flank of the ridge going down into the Alpha Trough has significantly higher gradients and displays structures suggestive of sediment slumping. Such structures are concentrated near the mouth of the Alpha Trough where seafloor gradients are greatest. Scour frequency is greatest on the western flank of the Ridge reducing substantially in the Alpha Trough. It is interpreted that the

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

Alpha ridge acted as a grounding area for icebergs resulting in the reduced scour frequency observed in the Alpha Trough.

The seafloor on Alpha Ridge like elsewhere on the continental shelf has been intensely scoured by iceberg keels creating lateral berms corresponding to the sediment churned aside by the scouring iceberg. These resulting berms are typically steep sided resulting in great variation in seafloor slope on a local scale. These lateral berms are imaged in detail on side scan sonar imagery collected along select lines over the Alpha site. Scour height as measured from the side scan shadow heights indicates that scours have relief (scour floor to berm height) up to 10 metres. Observations of iceberg scour terminal moraine deposits indicate a predominant iceberg flow direction from the northwest. The Alpha Trough is a narrow, southwest-trending bathymetric low or trench that runs parallel to the continental slope and is present on the eastern most extents of the Regional Survey area. The trough narrows and becomes well defined in the NE. As previously stated iceberg scour frequency is greatly reduced within the Alpha Trough. Although highly variable the preferred scour orientation appears to be quite similar to the orientation observed on Alpha Ridge and on the continental shelf. Within the trough scours also appear to be shallower and can be traced for longer distance than those observed on Alpha Ridge.

2.1.4 Shelf Edge

The continental shelf edge is represented by a narrow, southwest-trending bathymetric low that runs parallel to the continental slope and is present on the western most extents of the Regional Survey area. The feature has approximately 76m of bathymetric relief as measured from the break in slope in approximately 680m water depth to the floor of the depression in 756m water depth. Seabed gradients on the upper slopes of the feature range from 3° to 5° down to the northwest. This feature is interpreted to represent a large scale, rotational sediment failure on the upper slope. The largest gradients encountered within the Regional Area are on the edges of the sediment slump where gradients range from 5° to 26°.

2.2 ICEBERG SCOURS

Iceberg scours are primarily in the form of plough marks with up to 10 metres relief from the base of the mark to the top of the berm and grounding pits up to 22 metres deep. Icebergs scouring of the seabed on the continental slope have created irregular, rugged seabed relief clearly visible in the MBES bathymetry and SBP data. Extensively ice-modified seabed was observed to water depths of 635 metres, although plough marks occur as deep as 664 metres in the centre of the lower channel. A prominent plough mark is also observed to 715 metres water depth in the deep bathymetric low in the southwestern corner of the survey area. The plough mark on the upper slope with the deepest keel mark is over 4 kilometres long, up to 850 metres wide and 6 to 8 metres deep. The longest observed plough mark is on the upper slope in the southeastern part of the survey area and is 14.2 kilometres long, 300 metres wide and 3 metres deep.

In addition to altering seabed relief, icebergs affect the geotechnical properties of the seabed sediments. Seabed sediments in iceberg plough marks are typically over-consolidated and exhibit relatively higher shear strength values than the surrounding sediments. Iceberg plough marks are often bounded by lateral and/or termination berms. During formation of the berms, disturbed sediment may have fines winnowed away by bottom currents so that the berms have relatively higher fractions of ice-rafted gravel, pebbles, cobbles or boulders.

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Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

3 SEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS

Regional seafloor sediment character and composition have been assessed from the backscatter intensity data (Figure 3.1) and signal response on the Knudsen 3.5kHz subbottom profiles. Interpretation of the backscatter imagery and sediment cover on the 3.5kHz profiles has produced regional seafloor sediment classification (Figure 3.2). Observations of multiple seafloor photographs and sediment samples provide conformation of regional sediment classification. Seafloor camera and sediment sampling station locations are included on all maps. Seafloor sediments throughout the Regional Survey area consist of postglacial clay and silt interbedded with sand and gravel draped over late Quaternary tills which have highly variable composition characterised by clay to boulder sized clasts. To follow is a description of seafloor sediments as observed from the various datasets for the various geographic areas within the larger Regional Survey area.

3.1.1 Continental Shelf and Alpha Ridge

The seafloor on the continental shelf and on Alpha Ridge are highly disturbed by iceberg scours as indicated by the lineations on the seafloor bathymetry (Figure 2.2), the abundance of diffractions at the seafloor on sub-bottom profiles and in the large variation in sediment type observed in seabed photographs and in analysis of the sediment samples (Figure 3.13). Although the backscatter imagery shows little change in intensity values across the shelf and ridge this is interpreted to reflect the fact that till is exposed at the seafloor throughout the area. This uniformity may also reflect the thin veneer of modern sediments that is interpreted to blanket the area.

The backscatter imagery shows a subtle decrease in intensity values east of the Gamma site on the subtle seafloor terrace the edge of which is visible on the shaded relief bathymetry. The sub- bottom profiles through this area confirm an accumulation of acoustically penetrable sediments. These sediments are anticipated to consist of relatively finer grained sediments similar to the thin veneer of modern sediments observed on the site specific seafloor photographs (Figure 3.15). These fine grained modern deposits are interpreted to be cohesive and likely clay and silt dominated given the preservation of scours within the sediment. Soil strengths are interpreted to be lower in these sediments than in the underlying till; an interpretation supported by the ability of the 3.5kHz profiler to penetrate these sediments unlike the hard till which proved to be acoustically impenetrable.

Scours are faintly visible on the backscatter imagery as lower intensity values representing relatively finer-grained seabed sediments that have settled within the base of the scours (Figure 3.18). This is confirmed on the sidescan imagery which imaged the scours with much greater detail

Scour berms appear to have a higher concentration of large clasts presumably exposed as the tills were churned aside by the ice. It is thought that these large clasts were then further exposed by bottom currents. Seafloor photographs and observations of sediment samples collected at the Gamma and Alpha site for geochemical, physico-chemical and macrofauna analysis (Figures 3.13b-c and 3.15b-f) confirm an abundance of large clasts especially at the Alpha site where scour berms were targeted for sampling based on observations from the side scan sonar. Both the Van Veen and box corer had difficulty penetrating the seafloor due to these large clasts. Many of the large clasts in the seabed photos are clear of sediment and support anchored macrofauna (Figure 3.13c) while others display an apparent veneer of sediment and another suite of macrofauna (Figure 3.13b). Many of the rock fragments observed are angular while others appear to be well rounded.

These large clasts occur in a cohesive fine grained matrix with relatively high shear strength as indicated in some sediment samples (Figure 3.13f). These observations are supported by a lack of signal penetration on the 3.5kHz sub-bottom profiler (Figure 3.6) attesting to the hard,

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report compacted nature of the near surface sediments. Increased shear strength of the glacial tills is confirmed on the side scan where some scour images (Figure 3.15e-f) suggest that the material turned aside by the iceberg keels is sufficiently cohesive and plastic to flow down the outer side of the berm (Figure 3.19). The sediment irregularity displayed in the photo would not be preserved in sand dominated sediment. Such plastic flow would be more consistent with a clay or silt dominated sediment. Other berms cast a very irregular acoustic shadow (Figure 3.20) suggesting that the prominent surface irregularity is formed and preserved because the material being churned aside is cohesive with relatively high soil strengths. Non-plastic, non-cohesive, sand- dominant sediment could not develop or preserve these irregular berm forms.

A solitary fan coral has been identified from seabed photography at station 13 (Figure 3.17). Less than a dozen other solitary corals were observed throughout the Alpha site. An additional solitary fan coral under 5cm in length was collected while sampling at Station 17 (Figure 3.17). There is no evidence that substantial reef sized colonies of these corals have formed on the shelf or ridge.

3.1.2 Alpha Trough

The backscatter imagery from within the Alpha Trough shows distinctly lower backscatter intensities particularly in the southern extents of the trough (Figure 3.18). These reduced intensities are interpreted to reflect a decrease is grain size within Alpha Trough although no seabed samples or photographs were collected in the area to confirm this. This area of reduced intensities corresponds on the sub-bottom profiles to a thin layer of acoustically penetrable sediment (Figure 3.4). These sediments are interpreted to consist of a mix of clay and silt (mud) and are presumed to represent post glacial deposits with low to moderate soil strengths supported by the preservation of ice berg scours.

Elsewhere within the trough the seafloor is interpreted to consist of over-consolidated tills. This is supported by the lack of acoustically penetration on the sub-bottom profiles. Large clasts deposited as iceberg dropstones may be present throughout the Alpha Trough.

3.1.3 Ummannaaq Channel

Within Uummannaq Channel the seafloor is notably smoother on the bathymetry and on the 3.5kHz sub-bottom profiles. The channel proper is not obviously represented on the backscatter imagery and intensities values vary along the channel. The upper channel has relatively lower backscatter intensity possibly indicating relatively finer-grained seabed sediments interpreted as silt and clay although no sediment samples were collected in the upper channel to confirm sediment composition. The ridges observed on the bathymetry appear darker in the backscatter intensity data possibly reflecting a relatively coarser-grained fraction than that of the surrounding sediments. In particular a ridge on the western edge of the channel shows increased backscatter intensities and also corresponds to where the acoustic basement outcrops at the seafloor (Figure 3.19).

The backscatter intensity darkens down-channel interpreted to reflect a gradual thinning and possible coarsening of surficial seabed sediments. Seabed samples and sediment photographs collected from the mouth of the Uummannaq Channel (Figures 3.14 and 3.16) show the seafloor is consistently composed of, fine grained clay to silt with minor sand and gravel. A thin layer of hemipelagic silt, a maximum of a few centimetres thick, is interpreted to blanket the area. Large clasts, believed to be iceberg dropstones, were infrequently imaged on the seabed photos (Figure 3.14c). Where observed these dropstones have limited sediment cover and support various anchored macrofauna. Dropstones are typically sub-rounded and elongate measuring up to 25cm in length.

Epifauna appear to occur with reduced frequency at the stations in the Uummannaq Channel relative to the number observed at the stations on the continental shelf and on Alpha Ridge. This is interpreted to reflect the reduced number of large clasts at the seafloor. Species observed at

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report the stations in the channel include sea sponges, anemones, brittle stars, polychaete worms, shrimp and tunicates. No cold water corals have been identified to date in the seabed photographs from within the Uummannaq Channel and as such it is not anticipated that cold water coral reefs are present within the channel.

Grain size analysis of the sediment samples shows a distinctly bimodal sediment. Sand and gravel constitute 25% - 40% of the sediment while silt and clay constitute the remaining fraction. The coarse and fine sediments are well sorted forming distinct beds. This conforms with the well laminated shallow soils observed on the Knudsen profile.

3.1.4 Shelf Edge

The shelf edge shows reduced backscatter intensity values suggesting the presence of fine grained sediments in the slump scar. Select sub-bottom profiles through the shelf break show an acoustically penetrable unit of stratified sediments. It is presumed such sediments have similar composition and sediment properties to the clay and silt dominated sediments in the Uummannaq Channel. No sediment samples were collected along the continental shelf edge.

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report

4 SHALLOW GEOLOGY (SEAFLOOR TO 25M SUB-SEAFLOOR)

The shallow geology, defined as the sediments within the first 25m below the seafloor, represent an extension of the seafloor sediments. Assessment of the shallow geology over the Regional Survey area is based primarily on observations from the 3.5kHz subbottom profiles. This data is limited by the lack of signal penetration over much of the regional area as well as by the abundance of seafloor diffractions where the seafloor has been modified by iceberg scours. The shallow geology can be described in terms of the recent or Holocene sediments and the Late Quaternary tills.

4.1.1 Holocene sediments

Where present the recent Holocene sediments are draped over the Late Quaternary tills. The distribution and thickness of Holocene sediments is represented in Figure 4.1.

4.1.1.1 Uummannaq Channel

The upper Uummannaq Channel is characterised by up to 18m of acoustically layered sediments. In this area the Holocene sediments show multiple sub-parallel reflectors, and a strong reflector at the contact with the underlying Late Quaternary tills. In most cases the base of acoustic penetration, marking the top of the Quaternary tills, is represented by a smooth well defined reflector. Along the channel margins the base of acoustic penetration becomes increasingly rugged presumably representing paleo-iceberg scours. As the mouth of the channel is approached the Holocene sediments thin and lose internal structure. In the vicinity of the Beta site the sediments are periodically interrupted by what have been interpreted as fluid intrusion structures. These structures are discussed in much greater detail in the Beta Geophysics Report.

Soft sediment deformation occurs throughout the channel area but is most clearly observed where the acoustically layered sediments are thickest in the northeastern part of the channel. Typically the deformation takes the form of gently warped acoustic reflectors. The seabed sediments comprise 1 to 2 metres of acoustically layered sediments.

The channel parallel bathymetric highs observed in the upper portion of Uummannaq Channel correspond to topographic highs along the base of acoustic penetration. Some of these highs show little to no sediment cover while others have thin sediment cover that varies from < 1 to 3 metres thick. Typically, the internal reflectors of the acoustically layered unit remain coherent until total sediment thickness decreases to 2 metres or less.

Along the channel margins, the acoustically layered sediments gradually thin over the gently rising bathymetry of the channel margins. In the lower part of the channel the surficial sediments become gradually thinner and the internal acoustic layering becomes discontinuous or dies out altogether. On the edge of the upper channel a small scale sediment slump is observed on the sub-bottom profiles.

Based on sediment samples collected within the vicinity of the Beta site, Holocene sediments within the Uummannaq Channel are interpreted to consist of clay and silt with minor interbedded gravel and sand. Based on the sub-bottom profiles this composition is interpreted to be relatively consistent throughout the channel.

4.1.1.2 Continental Shelf

Outside of the Uummannaq Channel a thin sediment cover is present on the terrace east of the Gamma site and within Alpha Trough. The true extent of these sediments is difficult to ascertain given the intense diffractions at the seafloor. Sediment thicknesses over these areas reach a maximum of 12m. These areas correspond with lower intensities on the backscatter imagery suggesting softer finer grained sediments. Although not sampled directly these sediments are

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration NO. 1 Ltd. Extract from Regional Geophysics Report interpreted to consist of silt and clay with relatively low soil strengths. Throughout the continental shelf including Alpha Ridge and Trough similar sediments are interpreted to form a thin veneer with increased accumulations at the base of scours. This total thickness of this veneer is unknown but postulated to only be a few centimetres.

4.1.2 Late Quaternary Tills

The most recent Quaternary deposits are the glacial tills observed on the modern day seafloor over most of the regional area excluding the Uummannaq channel. The Knudsen 3.5kHz sub- bottom profiler was unable to penetrate these tills attesting to their hard nature. These tills are observed to be over-consolidated likely the result of ice loading by a regional ice sheet that is thought to have covered the area during the last glacial maxima (Aughenbaugh, 2009 and Bennike et al., 1994). Boulders representing glacial erratics are present throughout these tills and concentrated on scour berms. Given the lack of acoustic penetration within these till it is not clear how far below the sub-surface they extend.

McGregor GeoScience Limited 0931-Regional-Geophysics-Rev1 (Extract).doc

Capricorn Greenland Exploration No. 1 Ltd. Regional Geophysics Report

FIGURES

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