S    P   HOW TO GET TO SAVIGNANO BY TRAIN FROM STATION Where the last heights of the Apennines Suburban Railway (Linea Suburbana) decline towards the plain, where From Bologna Bologna/ S.S. (State Road) 569 Via Bazzanese among rich fruit trees and thick woods the from Bologna Main Railway Station, West river  nds its way out into the val- then Via Claudia Section (Bologna Centrale, Piazzale Ovest) Towards Bologna to Vignola ley, there rises on a verdant hill the ancient Bicycle transport every day village of Savignano, one of the most sug- From Modena if booked at 840151152 gestive medieval centres of - S.S. 623 Via Vignolese (Vignolese Road) GUIDED TOURS region. Gentle hills full of vineyards and oak Towards -Vignola-Bologna On request by booking at +39 059/731439 trees surround from below the old castle. e Motorway A1 www.savignano.it beauty of the cherry trees coloured in white and Exit Modena Sud (South) pink when their  owers blossom is unrivalled. gnano Elephant, a female specimen that lived Towards Spilamberto-Vignola In a land of ancient agricultural traditions, Savi- nearly two million years ago, the very famous gnano can boast excellent products: from cher- little statue of Venus that experts think dates Exit Bologna - Casalecchio ries to plums and pears, up to a wine production which was Towards Bazzano-Vignola back to the Upper Palaeolithic (nearly 30,000 already well-known around the year One thousand. Witness years ago), and one of the most beautiful rel- CAR PARKS FOR CARS AND COACHES to this are the abundant requests of the Savignano Bruschetto ics in the Modena district as a whole: the Attic Entry to the Old Village wine by bishops and abbots of that time, by armed men, and amphora depicted in black found in Pontalto small square “Piazzetta della Pace” by the great Countess Matilde of Canossa herself. Nowadays area. e territory is crossed by the old Roman (in front of the cemetery) sul Panaro in the territory of Savignano there are Road now called Via Claudia which replaces a Savignano eleven DOC (Controlled Origin prehistoric convoy road. During the centuries Denomination) wines. e strik- the Neolithic, Villanovan, Etruscan, Celtic, Ro- ing agricultural inclination of man and Lombard cultures were established in Savignano is strengthened up this territory to witness the healthiness and prosper- by the fact that the territory of ity of these enviable lands particularly favourable to Panaro River its municipality is included in the human presence. anks to the archaeological S.S. 8 Via Emilia the prestigious Consortiums and numismatic  nds by Arsenio Crespellani and Anzola Emilia BOLOGNA for the protection of the Par- subsequently by Benedetto Benedetti and by the migiano-Reggiano cheese, Superintendence for the Archaeological Works the Modena Raw Ham or S. Cesario FIRENZE of the Emilia-Romagna region, lithic relics and MODENA sul Panaro MOTORWAY A1 prosciutto and the typical documents of remarkable relevance have S. Donnino Plum and Cherry of Vi- Casalecchio been brought to light in the Savignano Piumazzo di Reno gnola. But agriculture is MILANO Exit not the only output: in area: from the remnants of a Neolithic MODENA SUD Zola Predosa Exit BOLOGNA village in Doccia, to the bronze boards of CASALECCHIO the  at area of the village Spilamberto Crespellano the Mombrina farm, from the Villanovan S.S. 569 Via Bazzanese a remarkable impulse has necropolis of St. Anastasio up to the pres- S.S. 623 Via Vignolese Bazzano been given to the small ence of some villas foundations of Roman S.S. 569 Via Claudia industry, cra smanship Vignola times and a Late Roman Empire necropolis and the tertiary sector. with Lombard tombs. e Savignano Court Savignano is a village rich in culture and history. It originated during the late Roman times from Railway Bologna-Vignola Savignano s/P. a villa nucleus subsequently forti ed by the is famous for its amazing Longobards and then conquered and widened archaeological and pale- by the Franks. From a diploma of the year 1025 ontological  nds that have Castello di Serravalle we learn this villa had been bequeathed, a er the Paging and print been going on with no in- Longobards’ defeat, to the Church of Modena by Pi- Tipolitogra a FG - terruptions since the second www.tipolitogra afg.com www.tipolitogra half of the 19th century until pino, son of Charlemagne, who was King of from Pictures 781 to 810. e old Savignano Court is also witnessed Antonio Frignani, Pier Giovanni Gallesi, Lombardi e Pattelli, Eros Pancaldi, Marco Pancaldi, Mauro Soli, now. ey are much talked in a decree of the year 855 issued by the emperor Ludovico Maurizio Tedeschi, Massimo Trenti, Patrizia Zanetti. about and keep on giving rise II. e Savignano Castle is named for the  rst time in a to widespread and ever increas- parchment paper of the year 1026. Text Guide to the Old Village ing interest. Among the most Giorgio Pancaldi, translated by Giuliano Rizzi signi cant  nds there is the Savi- S    P   S    P   HOW TO GET TO SAVIGNANO BY TRAIN FROM BOLOGNA STATION Where the last heights of the Apennines HOW TO GET TO SAVIGNANO BY TRAIN FROM BOLOGNA STATION Where the last heights of the Apennines Suburban Railway (Linea Suburbana) decline towards the Modena plain, where Suburban Railway (Linea Suburbana) decline towards the Modena plain, where From Bologna Bologna/Vignola From Bologna Bologna/Vignola S.S. (State Road) 569 Via Bazzanese among rich fruit trees and thick woods the S.S. (State Road) 569 Via Bazzanese among rich fruit trees and thick woods the from Bologna Main Railway Station, West Panaro river  nds its way out into the val- from Bologna Main Railway Station, West Panaro river  nds its way out into the val- then Via Claudia Section (Bologna Centrale, Piazzale Ovest) then Via Claudia Section (Bologna Centrale, Piazzale Ovest) Towards Bologna to Vignola ley, there rises on a verdant hill the ancient Towards Bologna to Vignola ley, there rises on a verdant hill the ancient Bicycle transport every day village of Savignano, one of the most sug- Bicycle transport every day village of Savignano, one of the most sug- From Modena if booked at 840151152 gestive medieval centres of Emilia-Romagna From Modena if booked at 840151152 gestive medieval centres of Emilia-Romagna S.S. 623 Via Vignolese (Vignolese Road) GUIDED TOURS region. Gentle hills full of vineyards and oak S.S. 623 Via Vignolese (Vignolese Road) GUIDED TOURS region. Gentle hills full of vineyards and oak Towards Spilamberto-Vignola-Bologna On request by booking at +39 059/731439 trees surround from below the old castle. e Towards Spilamberto-Vignola-Bologna On request by booking at +39 059/731439 trees surround from below the old castle. e Motorway A1 www.savignano.it beauty of the cherry trees coloured in white and Motorway A1 www.savignano.it beauty of the cherry trees coloured in white and Exit Modena Sud (South) pink when their  owers blossom is unrivalled. Exit Modena Sud (South) pink when their  owers blossom is unrivalled. gnano Elephant, a female specimen that lived Towards Spilamberto-Vignola In a land of ancient agricultural traditions, Savi- gnano Elephant, a female specimen that lived Towards Spilamberto-Vignola In a land of ancient agricultural traditions, Savi- nearly two million years ago, the very famous gnano can boast excellent products: from cher- nearly two million years ago, the very famous gnano can boast excellent products: from cher- little statue of Venus that experts think dates Exit Bologna - Casalecchio ries to plums and pears, up to a wine production which was little statue of Venus that experts think dates Exit Bologna - Casalecchio ries to plums and pears, up to a wine production which was Towards Bazzano-Vignola Towards Bazzano-Vignola back to the Upper Palaeolithic (nearly 30,000 already well-known around the year One thousand. Witness back to the Upper Palaeolithic (nearly 30,000 already well-known around the year One thousand. Witness years ago), and one of the most beautiful rel- CAR PARKS FOR CARS AND COACHES to this are the abundant requests of the Savignano Bruschetto years ago), and one of the most beautiful rel- CAR PARKS FOR CARS AND COACHES to this are the abundant requests of the Savignano Bruschetto ics in the Modena district as a whole: the Attic Entry to the Old Village wine by bishops and abbots of that time, by armed men, and ics in the Modena district as a whole: the Attic Entry to the Old Village wine by bishops and abbots of that time, by armed men, and amphora depicted in black found in Pontalto small square “Piazzetta della Pace” by the great Countess Matilde of Canossa herself. Nowadays amphora depicted in black found in Pontalto small square “Piazzetta della Pace” by the great Countess Matilde of Canossa herself. Nowadays area. e territory is crossed by the old Roman (in front of the cemetery) sul Panaro in the territory of Savignano there are area. e territory is crossed by the old Roman (in front of the cemetery) sul Panaro in the territory of Savignano there are Road now called Via Claudia which replaces a Savignano eleven DOC (Controlled Origin Road now called Via Claudia which replaces a Savignano eleven DOC (Controlled Origin prehistoric convoy road. During the centuries Denomination) wines. e strik- prehistoric convoy road. During the centuries Denomination) wines. e strik- the Neolithic, Villanovan, Etruscan, Celtic, Ro- ing agricultural inclination of the Neolithic, Villanovan, Etruscan, Celtic, Ro- ing agricultural inclination of man and Lombard cultures were established in Savignano is strengthened up man and Lombard cultures were established in Savignano is strengthened up this territory to witness the healthiness and prosper- by the fact that the territory of this territory to witness the healthiness and prosper- by the fact that the territory of ity of these enviable lands particularly favourable to Panaro River its municipality is included in ity of these enviable lands particularly favourable to Panaro River its municipality is included in the human presence. anks to the archaeological S.S. 8 Via Emilia the prestigious Consortiums the human presence. anks to the archaeological S.S. 8 Via Emilia the prestigious Consortiums and numismatic  nds by Arsenio Crespellani and Castelfranco Emilia Anzola Emilia BOLOGNA for the protection of the Par- and numismatic  nds by Arsenio Crespellani and Castelfranco Emilia Anzola Emilia BOLOGNA for the protection of the Par- subsequently by Benedetto Benedetti and by the migiano-Reggiano cheese, subsequently by Benedetto Benedetti and by the migiano-Reggiano cheese, Superintendence for the Archaeological Works the Modena Raw Ham or Superintendence for the Archaeological Works the Modena Raw Ham or S. Cesario FIRENZE S. Cesario FIRENZE of the Emilia-Romagna region, lithic relics and MODENA sul Panaro MOTORWAY A1 prosciutto and the typical of the Emilia-Romagna region, lithic relics and MODENA sul Panaro MOTORWAY A1 prosciutto and the typical documents of remarkable relevance have S. Donnino Plum and Cherry of Vi- documents of remarkable relevance have S. Donnino Plum and Cherry of Vi- Casalecchio Casalecchio been brought to light in the Savignano Piumazzo di Reno gnola. But agriculture is been brought to light in the Savignano Piumazzo di Reno gnola. But agriculture is MILANO Exit not the only output: in MILANO Exit not the only output: in area: from the remnants of a Neolithic MODENA SUD Zola Predosa Exit BOLOGNA area: from the remnants of a Neolithic MODENA SUD Zola Predosa Exit BOLOGNA village in Doccia, to the bronze boards of CASALECCHIO the  at area of the village village in Doccia, to the bronze boards of CASALECCHIO the  at area of the village Spilamberto Crespellano Spilamberto Crespellano the Mombrina farm, from the Villanovan S.S. 569 Via Bazzanese a remarkable impulse has the Mombrina farm, from the Villanovan S.S. 569 Via Bazzanese a remarkable impulse has necropolis of St. Anastasio up to the pres- S.S. 623 Via Vignolese Bazzano been given to the small necropolis of St. Anastasio up to the pres- S.S. 623 Via Vignolese Bazzano been given to the small ence of some villas foundations of Roman S.S. 569 Via Claudia industry, cra smanship ence of some villas foundations of Roman S.S. 569 Via Claudia industry, cra smanship Vignola Vignola times and a Late Roman Empire necropolis and the tertiary sector. times and a Late Roman Empire necropolis and the tertiary sector. with Lombard tombs. e Savignano Court Savignano is a village rich with Lombard tombs. e Savignano Court Savignano is a village rich in culture and history. It in culture and history. It originated during the late Roman times from Railway Bologna-Vignola Savignano s/P. originated during the late Roman times from Railway Bologna-Vignola Savignano s/P. a villa nucleus subsequently forti ed by the is famous for its amazing a villa nucleus subsequently forti ed by the is famous for its amazing Longobards and then conquered and widened archaeological and pale- Longobards and then conquered and widened archaeological and pale- by the Franks. From a diploma of the year 1025 ontological  nds that have by the Franks. From a diploma of the year 1025 ontological  nds that have Castello di Serravalle Castello di Serravalle we learn this villa had been bequeathed, a er the Paging and print been going on with no in- we learn this villa had been bequeathed, a er the Paging and print been going on with no in- Longobards’ defeat, to the Church of Modena by Pi- Tipolitogra a FG - Savignano sul Panaro Guiglia terruptions since the second Longobards’ defeat, to the Church of Modena by Pi- Tipolitogra a FG - Savignano sul Panaro Guiglia terruptions since the second www.tipolitogra afg.com www.tipolitogra half of the 19th century until afg.com www.tipolitogra half of the 19th century until pino, son of Charlemagne, who was King of Italy from Pictures pino, son of Charlemagne, who was King of Italy from Pictures 781 to 810. e old Savignano Court is also witnessed Antonio Frignani, Pier Giovanni Gallesi, Lombardi e Pattelli, Eros Pancaldi, Marco Pancaldi, Mauro Soli, now. ey are much talked 781 to 810. e old Savignano Court is also witnessed Antonio Frignani, Pier Giovanni Gallesi, Lombardi e Pattelli, Eros Pancaldi, Marco Pancaldi, Mauro Soli, now. ey are much talked in a decree of the year 855 issued by the emperor Ludovico Maurizio Tedeschi, Massimo Trenti, Patrizia Zanetti. about and keep on giving rise in a decree of the year 855 issued by the emperor Ludovico Maurizio Tedeschi, Massimo Trenti, Patrizia Zanetti. about and keep on giving rise II. e Savignano Castle is named for the  rst time in a to widespread and ever increas- II. e Savignano Castle is named for the  rst time in a to widespread and ever increas- parchment paper of the year 1026. Text Guide to the Old Village ing interest. Among the most parchment paper of the year 1026. Text Guide to the Old Village ing interest. Among the most Giorgio Pancaldi, translated by Giuliano Rizzi signi cant  nds there is the Savi- Giorgio Pancaldi, translated by Giuliano Rizzi signi cant  nds there is the Savi- lage up to the Paro- Crespellani Street ends up A   chial Church. In in a balcony-like area whose   O V ancient times the right side overlooks some wide e structure and signs brought about by histori- main gate tower steps made of bricks built in cal, political and social vicissitudes taking place leading to the 1894 to replace the old ones all along the centuries give the Old Village its village had a draw which were narrower and not present look. e village has been brought back bridge. In the mid- practicable. Almost opposite, dle of the castle tow- through two gate pillars, you er itself there is a niche come into a lane joining with with a Madonna with Mandria Street. is was al- Child inside, the work by most for sure making up the some Bologna School Mas- old path going round the last to its ancient beauty thanks to a clever ter dating back to the 17th rampart of the Castle. Traces intervention of restoration carried out in century. On the right you of these forti cations are le by the outside walls and they are hidden the 80’s and 90’s. Nowadays it is one of can get a glimpse of some rel- by some particularly thick vegetation. Where the Castle is at its high- the most beautiful and representative vil- ics of a World War I Memo- est point, and most probably where the ancient court originated, there lages in the and of rial. is is the work by a sculptor from Savi- rises the Parochial Church devoted to Our Lady St. Mary. e church underwent reconstruction be- the entire Emilia-Romagna region. “Savi- gnano called Giuseppe Graziosi. As you keep tween 1746 and 1750, and the old church, of which there is evidence in some documents dating back to gnano castle was born as a fortress, a keep on going along Crespellani Street, before 1027 and 1033, was so replaced. An extensive restoration of the frescos inside the Parochial Church has to guard the lands along the banks of the you reach the well ascribed to the painter been carried out recently, thus giving it back its former beauty. river Panaro and for centuries it worked as Ugo Lucerni, you come across a small recess e small cemetery located where the church square is now was trans- such”. With these words Sir Franco Man- with a dwelling which used to be an Ora- ferred at the beginning of the 19th century tovi describes the role and the function of a castle which was contended over and over again all along tory devoted to the Saints Antonio and omas. On the right unfolds to Borgo S. Giovanni district, and the works its history by Bologna and Modena. It was always in between until peace was reached starting from Paolo Pallotti Street with very old restored houses that go on lining to build the new bell tower started. is was the year 1360 when it became the property of the Este Family. e urban scheme of the medieval the old defensive walls. e meant to replace the old bell tower situated village spreads out with some buildings of no particular value and no peculiar style, nonetheless building on the le , rebuilt on the south-east side of the church. e new U  it has an important historical and in the 80’s, is called Ma- tower, completed in 1813, was built with ma- e municipality of Savignano sul Panaro has a surface of 25.45 sq. Km and a population of typological value. tilde’s House, as a legend, terials taken from the old walls exception made about 9,500 inhabitants. It is located between the hill and the right bank of the river Panaro Zanantoni Square, the former for which there has never been any evidence, goes that for the spire built with brickwork. Some rem- and its borders are: the municipality of S. Cesario on the north side, the municipalities of Garibaldi Square, is divided into the Countess Matilde from Canossa was living there time nants of a 17th century clock can still be seen Bazzano, and Castello di Serravalle on the east, the municipalities of Guiglia two sections: the upper part is and again. e building complex ends up with the keep on the Northern side of the building. and Marano on the south, and on the west side are the river Panaro and the municipalities surrounded by a stone wall, and named e Chaplain Tower, one of the keeps that used ree works of art still unpublished of Vignola and Spilamberto. In the tiny centre of Doccia, in the rooms of the Civic Centre, the lower part included the Cas- to guard the old walls. As you by Giuseppe Graziosi are a feature there are two museums hosting the Savignano Venus and Elephant. On the hills surround- tle Mound up to 1922. go along Crespellani Street of the Old Village: e Redeemer ing the village, where the environment is characterised by thick vegetation, you can admire you come across an imposing made of bronze on his family grave- big size oak trees, some true and real green monuments that witness the environmental structure called e Cap- stone, the World War I Memorial patrimony of a territory which was rich in woods until the  rst years of 20th century. Today tain’s or the Bishop’s House. which is today located in the area in the woodlands are quite reduced but some ultra-secular oak trees are still there and they can Inside there are some frescos front of the cemetery, and inside the be seen by walking through the paths of the green itinerary called e Oak Tree Road which and one of them depicts the Parochial Church the Lamented starts from the Old Village. coat of arms of the Contrari Dead Christ. In the tiny centre called Family who dominated and ruled the Doccia, near the Town Hall, you can R  St. Rocco’s Oratory was built in 1631 as thanks- village with their Signoria between admire two marble sculptures. ey Arsenio Crespellani (1828-1900), patriot, numismatist and archaeologist well known all over giving a er escaping the danger of the pest in the 1400 and the  rst half of 1500. are the work by Antonio Sgroi from the country. e most important archaeological  nds in the two provinces of Modena and Bolo- year 1630 of which we are reminded by the Ital- e gate tower of the second vault is Savignano. One is situated in Falcone gna are ascribed to him. ian writer Manzoni. It was restored during the last a very old tower as you can see from Square, and one in the small park in Giuseppe Graziosi (1879-1942), painter and sculptor. His works can be admired in several exhibi- century in the 70’s. the river pebbles it was built with. It Gramsci Alley to witness, as an ideal tion rooms and his monumental sculptures can be seen in various Italian and foreign cities. e town Arsenio Crespellani Street leads to the castle is the keep leading to the darkest part continuity with Giuseppe Graziosi, of Modena has devoted to him a gypsotheque. He is buried in the village cemetery of Savignano. and is paved with pebbles from the river; inside of the Castle and it was also built to the importance Savignano gives to Evaristo Pancaldi (1872-1950) canonical pioneer and reformer of sacred music in Modena. In 1900 the old walls, the street winds through the vil- guard it. art and culture. he was assigned as director and master to the Chapel of the Cathedral in Modena. S    P   HOW TO GET TO SAVIGNANO BY TRAIN FROM BOLOGNA STATION Where the last heights of the Apennines Suburban Railway (Linea Suburbana) decline towards the Modena plain, where From Bologna Bologna/Vignola S.S. (State Road) 569 Via Bazzanese among rich fruit trees and thick woods the from Bologna Main Railway Station, West Panaro river  nds its way out into the val- then Via Claudia Section (Bologna Centrale, Piazzale Ovest) Towards Bologna to Vignola ley, there rises on a verdant hill the ancient Bicycle transport every day village of Savignano, one of the most sug- From Modena if booked at 840151152 gestive medieval centres of Emilia-Romagna S.S. 623 Via Vignolese (Vignolese Road) GUIDED TOURS region. Gentle hills full of vineyards and oak Towards Spilamberto-Vignola-Bologna On request by booking at +39 059/731439 trees surround from below the old castle. e Motorway A1 www.savignano.it beauty of the cherry trees coloured in white and Exit Modena Sud (South) pink when their  owers blossom is unrivalled. gnano Elephant, a female specimen that lived Towards Spilamberto-Vignola In a land of ancient agricultural traditions, Savi- nearly two million years ago, the very famous gnano can boast excellent products: from cher- little statue of Venus that experts think dates Exit Bologna - Casalecchio ries to plums and pears, up to a wine production which was Towards Bazzano-Vignola back to the Upper Palaeolithic (nearly 30,000 already well-known around the year One thousand. Witness years ago), and one of the most beautiful rel- CAR PARKS FOR CARS AND COACHES to this are the abundant requests of the Savignano Bruschetto ics in the Modena district as a whole: the Attic Entry to the Old Village wine by bishops and abbots of that time, by armed men, and amphora depicted in black found in Pontalto small square “Piazzetta della Pace” by the great Countess Matilde of Canossa herself. Nowadays area. e territory is crossed by the old Roman (in front of the cemetery) sul Panaro in the territory of Savignano there are Road now called Via Claudia which replaces a Savignano eleven DOC (Controlled Origin prehistoric convoy road. During the centuries Denomination) wines. e strik- the Neolithic, Villanovan, Etruscan, Celtic, Ro- ing agricultural inclination of man and Lombard cultures were established in Savignano is strengthened up this territory to witness the healthiness and prosper- by the fact that the territory of ity of these enviable lands particularly favourable to Panaro River its municipality is included in the human presence. anks to the archaeological S.S. 8 Via Emilia the prestigious Consortiums and numismatic  nds by Arsenio Crespellani and Castelfranco Emilia Anzola Emilia BOLOGNA for the protection of the Par- subsequently by Benedetto Benedetti and by the migiano-Reggiano cheese, Superintendence for the Archaeological Works the Modena Raw Ham or S. Cesario FIRENZE of the Emilia-Romagna region, lithic relics and MODENA sul Panaro MOTORWAY A1 prosciutto and the typical documents of remarkable relevance have S. Donnino Plum and Cherry of Vi- Casalecchio been brought to light in the Savignano Piumazzo di Reno gnola. But agriculture is MILANO Exit not the only output: in area: from the remnants of a Neolithic MODENA SUD Zola Predosa Exit BOLOGNA village in Doccia, to the bronze boards of CASALECCHIO the  at area of the village Spilamberto Crespellano the Mombrina farm, from the Villanovan S.S. 569 Via Bazzanese a remarkable impulse has necropolis of St. Anastasio up to the pres- S.S. 623 Via Vignolese Bazzano been given to the small ence of some villas foundations of Roman S.S. 569 Via Claudia industry, cra smanship Vignola times and a Late Roman Empire necropolis and the tertiary sector. with Lombard tombs. e Savignano Court Savignano is a village rich in culture and history. It originated during the late Roman times from Railway Bologna-Vignola Savignano s/P. a villa nucleus subsequently forti ed by the is famous for its amazing Longobards and then conquered and widened archaeological and pale- by the Franks. From a diploma of the year 1025 ontological  nds that have Castello di Serravalle we learn this villa had been bequeathed, a er the Paging and print been going on with no in- Longobards’ defeat, to the Church of Modena by Pi- Tipolitogra a FG - Savignano sul Panaro Guiglia terruptions since the second

www.tipolitogra afg.com www.tipolitogra half of the 19th century until pino, son of Charlemagne, who was King of Italy from Pictures 781 to 810. e old Savignano Court is also witnessed Antonio Frignani, Pier Giovanni Gallesi, Lombardi e Pattelli, Eros Pancaldi, Marco Pancaldi, Mauro Soli, now. ey are much talked in a decree of the year 855 issued by the emperor Ludovico Maurizio Tedeschi, Massimo Trenti, Patrizia Zanetti. about and keep on giving rise II. e Savignano Castle is named for the  rst time in a to widespread and ever increas- parchment paper of the year 1026. Text Guide to the Old Village ing interest. Among the most Giorgio Pancaldi, translated by Giuliano Rizzi signi cant  nds there is the Savi-