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Instituto Politécnico Nacional Composición De La INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS COMPOSICIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD DE COPÉPODOS PELÁGICOS EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL CABO PULMO: ESTUDIO MORFOLÓGICO Y GENÉTICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS PRESENTA JUAN RAMÓN BELTRÁN CASTRO LA PAZ, B.C.S, JULIO DE 2020 SIP-14 REP 2017 INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO ACTA DE REVISIÓN DE TESIS Julio En la Ciudad de La Paz, B.C.S., siendo las 1 1 :00 horas del día 09 del mes de 0 del 2020 se reunieron los miembros de la Comisión Revisora de la Tesis, designada por el Colegio de Profesores de Posgrado de: CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENICAS MARINAS para examinar la tesis titulada: " Composición de la comunidad de copépodos p elágicos en el Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo: estudio del (la) alumno (a): morfológico y genético” Apellido Apellido BELTRÁN CASTRO Nombre (s): JUAN RAMÓN Paterno: Materno: Número de registro: B 1 6 0 9 9 6 DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS Aspirante del Programa Académico de Posgrado: Una vez que se realizó un análisis de similitud de texto, utilizando el software antiplagio, se encontró que el trabajo de tesis tiene __5___ % de similitud. Se adjunta reporte de software utilizado. Después que esta Comisión revisó exhaustivamente el contenido, estructura, intención y ubicación de los textos de la tesis identificados como coincidentes con otros documentos, concluyó que en el presente trabajo SI NO SE CONSTITUYE UN POSIBLE PLAGIO. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA CONCLUSIÓN: (Por ejemplo, el % de similitud se localiza en metodologías adecuadamente referidas a fuente original) El porcentaje de similitud de la tesis es muy bajo, lo que representa que la originalidad del trabajo es muy alta y que las referencias y citas del doctorante en su trabajo recepcional están adecuadamente manejadas. **Es responsabilidad del alumno como autor de la tesis la verificación antiplagio, y del Director o Directores de tesis el análisis del % de similitud para establecer el riesgo o la existencia de un posible plagio. Finalmente, y posterior a la lectura, revisión individual, así como el análisis e intercambio de opiniones, los miembros de la Comisión manifestaron APROBAR SUSPENDER NO APROBAR la tesis por UNANIMIDAD o MAYORÍA en virtud de los motivos siguientes: “SATISFACE LOS REQUISITOS SEÑALADOS POR LAS DISPOCISIONES REGLAMENTARIAS VIGENTES” COMISIÓN REVISORA DE TESIS DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ DR. SERGIO HERNÁNDEZ TRUJILLO DR. RENÉ FUNES RODRÍGUEZ Director de Tesis Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma DR. JAIME GÓMEZ GUTIÉRREZ DRA. ANIDIA BLANCO JARVIO DR. SERGIO HERNÁNDEZ TRUJILLO Director de Tesis Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma PRESIDENTE DEL COLEGIO DE PROFESORES Página 1 de 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco al Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas y al Instituto Politécnico Nacional por todas las facilidades otorgadas para realizar el Doctorado en Ciencias Marinas durante Sep 2016–Junio 2020. Agradezco a mis directores de tesis Dr. Sergio Hernández Trujillo y Dr. Jaime Gómez Gutiérrez y a los miembros del comité tutorial integrado por la Dra. Anidia Blanco Jarvio (UABCS), Dr. Francisco Javier García Rodríguez y Dr. René Funes Rodríguez por su valiosa ayuda en la cuidadosa revisión y reoganización de la presente tesis. Particularmente agradezco a la Dra. Anidia Blanco Jarvio y Dra. Claudia Silva Segundo (UABCS) por su continuo apoyo en los análisis de laboratorio y bioinformatica genéticos y la escritura de la parte de genética de copépodos de la presente tesis doctoral. Agradezco al Dr. Armando Trasviña Castro y Dr. Eduardo González Rodríguez (CICESE, Estación La Paz) y la M. en C. Elizabeth Martínez Soler por la ayuda en la adquisición de datos satelitales de las condiciones ambientales de la region del Parque Nacional de Cabo Pulmo analizados en la presente investigación. Agradezco a la M. en C. María Yesenia Torres-Hernández por el procesamiento de los datos del Perfilador de Corriente Acústico Doppler utilizados para medir la velocidad y dirección de la corriente del mar en diferentes capas de profundidad en el PNCP. Agradezco profundamente a la familia Castro y particularmente a David Castro Arvizu por su ayuda incondicional e invaluable para recolectar las muestras semanales de zooplancton en el Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo (enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2015). También agradezco al Dr. Carlos A. Sánchez Ortiz (UABCS), Octavio Aburto Oropeza y Brad Erisman (SIO-UCSD) por estimular y alentar la realización de la presente serie temporal de zooplancton en el Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo. Estoy en deuda con el M. en C. Arturo Sánchez Uvera y el Biol. Mar. Ángel Antonio Silveyra Bustamante por el apoyo en el análisis de abundancia del zooplancton identificado a grandes grupos taxonómicos de las muestras de zooplancton. Agradezco al Delegado Federal de la SAGARPA, BCS por los permisos de Pesca de Fomento para realizar investigación científica en el PNCP otorgados para este proyecto de investigación, al M. en C. Carlos Ramón Godínez-Reyes (Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, CONANP) por las cartas de no objeción de muestreo de zooplancton en el PNCP. Agradezco 2 ampliamente a la Dirección del PNCP, coalición Amigos de Cabo Pulmo, y miembros del Programa Marino del Golfo de California de Biodiversidad y Conservación Marina Centro (CMBC) por su ayuda con este proyecto de investigación, especialmente al Biol. Mar. Juan José Cota Nieto (CMBC) por su enorme ayuda en el transporte de muestras de zooplancton del PNCP a La Paz y su intervención para la comunicación y logística para poder realizar el muestreo de zooplancton durante el periodo de estudio. Esta investigación tuvo apoyo económico del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (SIP20141443, 20140497, SIP20150682, 20150113, SIP20160932, 20160049, SIP20170586, 20170127, SIP20181119, 2018008, SIP 20195337, 20195039, SIP20200168 y 20200696) y del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CB-2012- 178615-01 y CB-2016-01-284201). Agradezco ampliamente al IPN por la Beca BEIFI (2018, 2019) y el apoyo económico recibido mediante el Programa de Becas Nacionales del CONACyT (CVU: 390374) para realizar la presente tesis doctoral. 3 DEDICATORIA A mis papás y hermanas que estuvieron conmigo en todo el trayecto A mi familia y amigos que siempre están a mi lado para hacerme sonreír 4 Índice General Lista de Figuras .......................................................................................................... 6 Lista de Tablas ........................................................................................................... 8 Glosario ...................................................................................................................... 9 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 11 Introducción .............................................................................................................. 13 Hipótesis ................................................................................................................... 21 Objetivo General ....................................................................................................... 21 Objetivos particulares ................................................................................... 21 Material y Métodos ................................................................................................... 22 Condiciones ambientales .............................................................................. 22 Análisis molecular ......................................................................................... 26 Análisis de la comunidad .............................................................................. 31 Resultados ................................................................................................................ 38 Variables ambientales ................................................................................... 38 Bioinformática e identificación molecular de especies .............................. 42 Abundancia de zooplancton a grandes grupos .......................................... 48 Ecología de los copépodos en el PNCP ...................................................... 49 Discusión .................................................................................................................. 62 Genética de copépodos ................................................................................ 62 Estructura de la comunidad de copépodos en Cabo Pulmo ..................... 67 Conclusiones ............................................................................................................ 76 Recomendaciones .................................................................................................... 78 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................ 79 Anexos ...................................................................................................................... 93 5 Lista de Figuras Figura 1. Área de estudio en el Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo ................................. 23 Figura 2. Series de tiempo ambientales registradas en la región del Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo durante 2014–2015. .............................................................................. 40 Figura 3. (A) Vectores de la velocidad y dirección promedio
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