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Aquatic Plastic Pollution CONFERENCE BOOK YOUMARES | 6 Conference Book Impressum Editors Christian Jessen Sabrina Kalita Vera Golz Cover photograph Christian Jessen Published by German Society for Marine Research Working Group on Studies and Education Deutsche Gesellschaft für Meeresforschung (DGM) e.V. Grindelberg 7 D-20144 Hamburg Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 40/4 28 38 - 6221 Fax.: +49 (0) 40/4 28 38 - 5306 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Web: www.youmares.net Web: www.dg-meeresforschung.de 2 We want to thank our partners and sponsors 2 Index Welcome .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2 - Genetics for Sustainability ....................................................................................................... 5 3 - Cephalopods and Society ....................................................................................................... 13 4 - Coastal Pollution & Restoration ........................................................................................... 27 5 - ScienceTainment .................................................................................................................... 49 6 - Marine Invasion Ecology ....................................................................................................... 61 7 - Marine Remote Sensing ......................................................................................................... 81 8 - Marine Social-Ecological Systems ........................................................................................ 99 10 - Coral Reefs ........................................................................................................................... 123 11 - Aquaculture ......................................................................................................................... 143 14 - Aquatic Plastic Pollution ................................................................................................... 165 15 - Poster Session ...................................................................................................................... 185 Conference Schedule ................................................................................................................. 192 3 Welcome Dear participants, dear visitors, and dear Youmares team, A warm welcome from our side to the 6th Youmares conference in Bremen. We cannot believe that another year has passed since out last meeting and that we have another great event in front of us. The last weeks and months were becoming again quite busy and the rapidly approaching conference pushed us to give our best to provide you (and us) with an awesome conference. It was again wonderful how so many committed people in the team sacrificed their time to make this event possible. With the right amount of seriousness, fun, and chaos we had a nice time preparing the event. But without the contributions from the participants, Youmares would be a little bit sad. We were amazed by the plethora of highly professional applications, both at the session and the presentation level. The choice was often not easy and we had to reject contributions and comfort motivated people for next year’s Youmares. At the same time, we are very happy to accomplish again Youmares primary mission and provide a platform for so many young scientists to present, exchange, and discuss ideas of many fields of marine research. Now it is your turn to fill this sparkling room with your engagement and passion. Enjoy your curiosity, ask questions, get inspired, build your networks, and come aboard the Youmares organization team! It is you, who Youmares depends on and for who it has been created. Take your chance. Sabrina Kalita, Vera Golz, Christian Jessen (YOUMARES coordination team) September 2015 4 Genetics for Sustainability 2 Population genetics as a powerful tool for the management and sustainability of natural resources Alfonso Pita1 ** 1 ECIMAT – Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo 36310 Vigo, Spain **email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The efficiency at developing molecular markers is increasing, so that genetic analyses of natural resources, that involve both, the currently exploited resources and the potential resources to be exploited become more powerful every time. The aim of this session is to discuss how this amount of data generated by the new sequencing technologies could be used to improve the management and sustainability of marine and aquaculture resources. For the global discussion of these issues, population genetic studies as well as sustainable management actions derived from genetic data will be welcomed to this session. ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2.1) Ramona Brunner Vertical connectivity of two scleractinian coral species in Bermuda 2.2) Patricia Kaiser MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry – a novel method for the identification of pelagic copepods 2.3) Alfonso Pita Genetic assessment of mussel recruitment in Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) 2.4) Peggy Weist Stay with me! Kin aggregations in coral reef fish larvae POSTER PRESENTATIONS 2.5) Henrik Christiansen Monitoring the genetic status of marine populations – AGENDEX 2.6) Ashfaque Ahmed Molecular diversity analysis of Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham. and its application to the coastal zone management of Bangladesh 5 2 - Genetics for Sustainability YOUMARES 6 Vertical connectivity of two scleractinian coral species in Bermuda Pim Bongaerts1,2,3, Ramona Brunner4 **, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg1,2,3 1Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 2Coral Reef Ecosystems Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 3ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 4University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany **corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT In a world with declining coral reefs, the ‘deep reef refugia’ hypothesis is a gleam of hope for future oceans. This hypothesis postulates that the relatively unexplored mesophotic reefs may be less vulnerable to certain stressors (e.g. storms, thermal bleaching) compared to shallow reefs and could provide propagules to their shallow counterparts. Therefore, this study investigates (1) the extent of vertical connectivity between shallow and deep populations and assesses whether (2) Symbiodinium association and (3) skeletal features differ between 10 m and 40 m. The gene flow of the brooding species Agaricia fragilis (n=112) and the broadcast spawner Stephanocoenia intersepta (n=111), collected from water depths between 13 m and 40 m around Bermuda (Sargasso Sea; Atlantic Ocean), was investigated using the population genetic approach of Restriction site–associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. Vertical connectivity of corals can be also limited by symbiont depth zonation and therefore the Symbiodinium diversity and distribution was assessed using ITS2 genotyping after Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Finally, skeletal characteristics (e.g. corallite dimensions, inter- corallite distances, corallite density) of A. fragilis and S. intersepta were measured and compared between shallow and mesophotic populations, in order to discover morphological adaptations to their local environments. The outcomes of this study will extent current knowledge about vertical connectivity between depth-generalistic coral species so that the question whether mesophotic corals can replenish shallow populations can be assessed for reefs around Bermuda. 6 2 - Genetics for Sustainability YOUMARES 6 MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry – a novel method for the identification of pelagic copepods Patricia Kaiser1 **, Maya Bode1, Silke Laakmann2, Astrid Cornils3, Holger Auel1 1 University of Bremen, BreMarE Bremen Marine Ecology Center for Research & Education, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany 2 Senckenberg Institute, DZMB, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 3 Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany **corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Accurate species identification is a crucial step in plankton studies and essential to fully understand ecosystem functioning. Beside morphological analyses, molecular methods such as DNA barcoding gained great attention during the last decades. However, these methods are still time consuming and cost intensive. A novel alternative is the identification of species by proteomic fingerprinting. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an already well-established technique to identify bacteria and viruses. Recent studies also show promising results in identifying metazoans such as fish, insects and zooplankton. MALDI-TOF MS requires only one simple extraction step, thus being much more rapid and cost effective than DNA based approaches. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable and efficient method for the identification and quantification of pelagic copepods. Therefor specimen of the copepod family Spinocalanidae of two tropical stations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean were investigated. Spinocalanid copepods were divided into four groups, depending on their copepodite stage: CI-III, CIV, CV and CVI. For the measurements single specimen were placed into 5 μl of matrix and then incubated for 10
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