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The Victorian Naturalist for Januaiy, 1S91 (Vol THE Victorian Naturalist: THE JOURNAL & MAGAZINE OP THE ijfyld ^UitMtalfete' €ki of ttotoria. MAY, 1922, TO APRIL, 1923. 1b0ll. BDitOl : MR. F. G. A. BARNARD, The Author of each Article is responsible for the facts and opinions recorded; Melbourne: WALKER, MAY & CO., PRINTERS, 429-431 BOURKE-STREET 1923, - INDEX. vu ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Aboriginal Implements 63, 64, rt5 - Bream Creek : Shell Mounds 156 Broken Hill District, Map of - 132 Cast of Fossil Sea-Urchin - - 158 Eucalypt, A Tall - - 169 Grampians, Map of 88 Gravel Pit, Studley Park - - 158 Spry, The late Mr. F. P. - 60 Torquay : An Upraised Sea-Bed 35 Torquay : Bird Rock and Cliffs 34 Trees, Measurement of 169, 170, 171 ERRATA. Page 12—Note referring to errors in April (1022) Naturalist. Page 38, line 25—" Collected by Mr. E. H. Hatfield ll should follow " N.S.W." in line 28. 14— ! 1 Page CO, line ' zoologist should read "curator.' Page 97, line- 7—For " Conospermum " read " Comesperntunt' 1 Page 98, line 20—For ' D. corymbosum ll read " D. floribunda." Page 130, line 8—For '•' lygosid « read * iycosid.'- 1 Page 148—Correction of statement on page 82; Page 151, line 4 from bottom—For " markings u read " colour.' 1 c m Uictorian naturalist. Vol. XXXIX—No. I. MAY 4, 1922. No. 461 FIELD NATURALISTS' CLUE OF VICTORIA. The ordinary monthly meeting of the Club was held at the Royal Society's Hall on Monday evening, ioth April, 1922, The president, Mr F. Chapman, A.L.S , occupied the '-chair, and about 70 members and visitors were present. report. A report of the visit to the Clifton Hill quarries on Saturday. •25t.l1 March, was given hjr the leader, Mr. F. Chapman.. A.L.S.. who said that the outing proved very pleasant, and that it provided a good opportunity for studying the geological features ot the volcanic rocks of the Melbourne district, .ELECTION OF MEMBERS. On a ballot being taken, Miss G. E Davis, Elstenv.vick j Miss P. J. Griffiths, BA, 27 Grosvenor-street, Middle Brighton; and Miss M. Guest. 245 Latrobe-strcet, Melbourne, were duly elected member?, oi the Club, PAPER READ. " By Dr. Geo. Horno, V.D«, entitled "Aboriginal Scrapers." The author gave an interesting account of the method of manufacture and the different kinds of scrapers used by the Australian aboriginals, comparing them with the flints of other parts of the world, of which he 'exhibited a very fine collection from various countries. The making of implements usually fell to the old men of the tribe, who exhibited considerable patience in their work ; yet when made they were not treasured as one would expect after so much labour. Some discussion ensued, in which, the chairman,. Dr. Sutton, Messrs. Kershaw. Keep, and Barnard took part. The chairman.. Mr. P. Chapman, said that the principal source of the basalt glass which the Victorian aboriginals valued so much, on account of its peculiar toughness and homogeneity, was probably at Bulla, wheie large deposits of tliis rock are to be found. NATURAL HISTORY 2<OTES. Mr A D. Hardy, F.L.S., contributed a note on an occurrence which he had witnessed at Evelyn one day in December. His attention was attracted to a scuffling on a patch of cleared ground screened by bracken fei'n He thought, the Kookaburra, which he could see attempting to fly with a load, was raising and dropping a snake or lizard, but, being in doubt, went over to investigate, "when "Jack'' flew off, leaving the victim at — ; 2 field NtmvalnUi* Club—Proceedings. [v^'.xxxVx. about its last gasp on the ground. This proved to f>e a young rabbit, vviiich he subsequently found at the local store to Weigh kali a pound. He had niacin inquiries of the Vermin Destruction Department and of several experienced ornith- ologists, but could hear of no case- of a Kookaburra attacking a young tabbit. Mr. F. Keep said that during a lecent visit to Kalmma, Lakes 1 Entrance,, he met with a variegated form of the Hop Goodema, G. ovaia. in considerable quantities. This had a pleasing appearance, and might be worth cultivating as a gardes* shrub- Specimens were on exhibition for the benefit of those interested V-XHJB1TS. By Mr. C. Daley. F.L.S. —Scrapers, knives, &c, ochre, spear- polisher, from a kitchen midden at Elwood, near Brighton By Miss A. Fuller. —Zatnia Palm nuts, W.A. ; cotton seeds, &c. ; seeds of Nuytsia, Western Australian Christmas-bush seeds of Eucalyptus macrocarpa, £. pyriformis, E. Pveissiana, - and E. t&ttafUf& , Black-boy flower-stems; Western Australian crabs. By Mr. C. ]. Gabriel. —Specimens of all the Victorian species " of "Mutton-fish" or "Ear Sheik —viz., Haliotis albtcms, G. and T., H. nmvosa, Martvn, H. £mm<z. Eve.* H. vonicopora, Peron, and H> cyciobatcs, Peron. By Dr. G. Home, V.D.—A large series of aboriginal saapeis from Victoria, Tasmania, and Central Australia, also similar implements from other parts of tbe world for comparison, By Mr F, Keep. Goodmia ovata. Hop Goodenia, from Kahmna, with variegated leaves. By Mr. J. A. Kershaw, F.E.S. (on behalf of Mr. A.J, William- son/ Dunolly). —Aboriginal stone axe, grooved, showing evidence of having been used as a hammer at both ends, found at M'Intyre's, near Rheola, Victoria ; aboriginal stone axe, grnuud, with two V-shaped transverse grooves, from Eastville, near Loddon, Eddhigton, Victoria. For National Museum. —Cast of double-headed stone hammer, from New South AVales ; large aboriginal stone axe, ground, measuring xz\ inches by 8£ inches, found in virgin scrub on bank of Liverpool Creek, 34 miles from Innisfo.il, North Queensland, by S, Fitzgerald. By Mr. C. Oke.—Small beetles (under microscope) from Bel- grave excursion. By Mr. F. Pitcher.—Fasciated growth of Tecoma mackenni, from his garden at South Yarra , also sample of stone used in large quantities fiftv vears ago fur producing It me from at Cave Hill, Lilydale. By Mr. L. Thorn.*—The larva; and perfect insects oi a Vic- torian, moth, Nutaxa fiavescens ; a rare Victorian Mountain Brown Butterfly, Oteixsmea coftem, taken on the top of Mount Pitid 1 Club—ProcMdinqs. Wat] WfliwsW^ 3 Douna Buartg, 4^50 feet above sea-level . also two species of bones from Mounl Donna Buaug. By Mr. H. W. Whitraore,—Piece of bluestone (basalt) covered with vwanite_, from the Collingwood quarries. After the usual conversazione the meeting leirntnatcd EXCURSION TO THE CORPORATION AND COLLING- WOOD QUARRIES. Members and friends who visited thd above quarries on Satur- day, 25th March, found the afternoon very pleasant, the weather being cool and genial The lower part of the larger quarry -showed many interesting feature*,, and the bank of the old Merri Creek (of Pleistocene time) still showed the thick covering oi liver silt, with roots of Shrunk (C<tmaHnft) and perhaps other vegetation in situ. The bedrock seemed only Slightly hardened by contact where this occurred, but the eifect of the cooling on the lowei surface of the basalt had produced a thin seam of tachylyte or basalt glass. We had the advantage of the company of Mr. R. \V. Armitage, who secured for the members some good examples of this glassy condition of the lava from the contact of the Silurian mudstone on the Merri Creek, The name tachylytc, given by Breithaupt, is derived from two Greek components, meaning rapid dissolution,. and so named on account of the rapidity with which it undergoes Ct ; fusion before the blow-pipe. The termination lyte ' is not to be confused with "lite." ihe latter being derived from lithos, stone. The common zeolites were gathered by members, and the minerals included aragonite, ferrocaldte, niagnesate, viviamte, halloysitic clay, and possibly mesolite. In one instance a miniature cavern was noticed in the bJucstonc, which had a floor of ferrocalcite in process oi building up, much as stalag- mite occurs in the Buchan Caves, The cooled surfaces of the various lava streams, of which many are seen superposed in the quarry, were indicated by some very fine ropy structure. BomboidaJ weathering of the- massive blocks and the rough columnar structure, often radially arranged, were pointed out. In a pool in the floor of the quarry Mr. J. Stickland found a quantity of a very minute form of the protista (a link between plants and animals) of the genus Chlamydonwnas, as '.veil as the tliaUusof the alga EnUtvtnotphu tubular i probably allied to the species discovered at Burnley under similar conditions- The adjacent Men i Creek was next visited, where we had the op- portunity of examining some line examples of radial columnar jointing, basaltic pavement, and stratified mudstone, This con- cluded the programme of an instructive and enjoyable afternoon amongst the volcanic rocks of Melbourne.—P. Cuapman, WHERE THE MURRAY RISES.* By Chas. Daley, B.A., F.L.S., a^d H. B; WruiAMSON, F.L.S (7?carf ^'fi/air the Field Naturalists' Ckfb of Vittovia, i$ih Mtty. t 1937.} Part I.—PiiYsrdcRAPHiCAt am) General Notes, by C Daley, f.L.S. For many years, Iran the nutuie uf its geographical position and remoteness from large centres of population, the Gmco district was, of necessity, more- isolated than almost any part of Victoria; but with the extension of the railway to Orhost ledueing the distance irom railway communication, the rapid development in motor travelling, and the practical outcome of the series of motor reliability tests in the Alpine regions of Victoria, the disadvantages mentioned have been greatly minimised, At pleasant Brnthen (bracken or ferns), on J.he foothills above the rich spreading fields of maize that delight " the eye, there is plain evidence that the old order changeth,'' for, even, as horse-teams replaced the old bullock-teams in outback transport, so here in the mam street is a recently* introduced motor lorry which plies regularly from Bruthcn to Oraeo and Bcnamhva If its service prove effective, such motors will in time banish the useful six or eight-horse teams irom the road transport- The coach of a few years ago has already gone, and in its stead is the speedier and more prosaic rival installed, annihilating distance and facilitating inter- course.
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