From dusty emus to dark energy (and back) [the evolving visualisa on of our universe]
Dr Glen Mackie Department of Physics & Astronomy Centre for Astrophysics & Supercompu ng
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 1
I’ll explain how this talk will occur. I decided against Skype-ing in from Australia for various reasons. I have gone with a set of slides- that I hope you have - and I am including some audio/screencast files. Each audio file will match a sec on of the slides.
This presenta on is based on an Introduc on to a textbook I am wri ng on the forma on and evolu on of cosmic structure. The Introduc on gives an overview of how we have visualised and conceptualised our increasing knowledge of the skies. The Introduc on is s ll a work in progress and I expect that as I make this presenta on I will be able to improve it further. (Nothing beats speaking out loud your wri en words to ensure it all makes sense!)
So I will speak to the slides and if you have a laptop you can follow.
Glen.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 2 Outline of Talk Screencast1 (Intro) Screencast2 1. Pa ern recogni on – from humans to machines 2. Palaeolithic examples 3. Of stone and rock … and dusty emus 4. First star maps 5. From 2D to 3D 6. Lowell and Mars 7. Mysterious nebulae Screencast3 8. Streams, planes and how galaxies form? 9. The CfA ‘s ck-man’ and the reality of filaments 10. Ci zen science and classifica on bias 11. Baryonic Acous c Oscilla ons – favoured separa on 12. The Cosmological Principle and U1.27 13. State of astronomy visualisa on Screencast4 14. Willem de Si er , dark energy and emu dust
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 3 1. Pa ern recogni on – from humans to machines
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 4 SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 5 2. Palaeolithic examples
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 6 Panel of the Lions – Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc Cave, France ~30-32,000 BP
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN h p://www.bradshawfounda on.com 7 Lascaux Cave, France ~10-15,000 BP
M45, The Pleiades
h p://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 8 3. Of stone and rock … and dusty emus
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 9 Babylonian clay tablet with cuneiform (~2600 BP) … … contains descrip ve text (only) of the Heavenly Ocean and its animal constella ons.
Bri sh Museum
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 10 Stonehenge (1st phase 5200 BP) Credit: Max Alexander/STFC/SPL Wiltshire, UK Credit: GM SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 11 Credit: GM Avebury, Wiltshire, UK (4800 BP)
A. Burl, 1995 h p://www.megalithic.co.uk Ring of Brodgar, Orkney, Scotland (4700 BP)
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 12 Norris and Hamacher 2011
Ku-ring-gai Chase Na onal Park, NSW, Australia ~5000 BP Credit: Barnaby Norris SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 13 4. First star maps
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 14 Constella ons as seen by Astronomers in China Coelum Stellatum Chris anum (1627) (4th-century BC) Julius Schiller (c. 1580-1627) Bri sh Library
… cant see the stars for the apostles !
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN h p://www.atlascoeles s.com 15 Uranometria, Johann Bayer, 1603
Linda Hall Library, LHL Digital Collec ons
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 16 … with southern constella ons ….
SMC
LMC
… including Pavo, Toucan, Grus, Phoenix, Uranometria, Johann Bayer, 1603 Dorado, Piscis Volans, Hydrus, Chameleon, Linda Hall Library, LHL Digital Collec ons Apis, Apis Indica, and Triangulum Australe. SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN Ursa Major
IAU Ursa Major chart, IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN (Roger Sinno and Fick Fienberg) 18 Scorpius
N. Kanas, 2007
IAU Scorpius chart, IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinno and Fick Fienberg) SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 19 5. From 2D to 3D
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 20 Edmond Halley 1717
h p://www.famous-mathema cians.com
h p://www.jstor.org
Sirius, Aldebaran, Arcturus had changed their space posi ons over a 1800 year baseline.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 21 Thomas Wright
h p://images.fineartamerica.com
from An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe (1750) Plate XXII: "[The Milky Way] a vast Gulph, or Medium, every way extended like a Plane, and enclosed between two surfaces.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 22 Friedrich Bessel 1838
h p://www.lindahall.org
h p://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1838MNRAS...4..152B
Bessel writes “presuming it will interest so great and zealous an explorer of the heavens as [Herschel], takes the liberty of making a communica on to [him] thereupon”
(if only modern day astronomers spoke so!)
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 23 6. Lowell and Mars
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 24 h p://www.stampcommunity.org
h p://news.discovery.com
www.nasa.gov
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 25 7. Mysterious nebulae
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 26 Cleveland Abbe 1867
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN Sidney Waters's (1873) equal area map of the posi ons of nebulae in Herschel's catalog. 27 Carl Charlier 1922
A cosmological model in which the galaxies are distributed throughout the universe in a clustering hierarchy. (His mo va on was to provide a resolu on for Olber's Paradox. )
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 28 Shane and Wirtanen mid-1950s
Galaxy counts across the northern galac c hemisphere. (north galac c pole is centred)
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 29 The Local Supergalaxy De Vaucouleurs 1953 LS
m<13 nebulae density across the southern (top) and northern (bo om) galac c hemispheres.
The density of shading is related to the nebulae density.
LS – local supergalaxy SS – southern supergalaxy
The densest part of the northern Virgo hemisphere (in the LS) is the Virgo cluster.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 30 8. Streams, planes and how galaxies form?
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 31 Lynden-Bell 1982
FLS Magellanic stream
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 32 present
All-sky image showing the loca ons of known dwarf galaxies associated with the Galaxy. SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 33 Andromeda, M31 Ibata et al. 2013
The sample of 27 satellite dwarf galaxies as they would be seen from the centre of the Andromeda galaxy, M31.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 34 9. The CfA ‘s ck-man’ and the reality of filaments
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 35 de Lapparent, Geller and Huchra 1986
CfA galaxy survey ‘s ck-man’
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 36 Geller and Huchra 1989
Expanded CfA galaxy survey ‘s ck-man’ replaced by ‘Great Wall’
The structure between 8 - 17 hours RA and 5,000 -10,000 km/s is called the ‘Great Wall’. It’s dimensions are ~600x250x30 million light years.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 37 Bhavsar and Ling 1988
Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) technique
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 38 10. Ci zen science and classifica on bias
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 39 Galaxy Zoo
h p://www.galaxyzoo.org/
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 40 Galaxy Zoo
h p://www.galaxyzoo.org/
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 41 Galaxy Zoo – a preference (bias) to classify rota on as an -clockwise??
Clockwise arm rota on
Mean An -clockwise arm rota on
Land et al. 2008
h p://blog.galaxyzoo.org/2008/01/10/in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 42 11. Baryonic Acous c Oscilla ons – favoured separa on
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 43 SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 44 t ~ 380K yrs ~150 Mpc
~150 Mpc
~150 Mpc SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN now 45 Devia on from an an -gravity type of dark energy
Redshi , z
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 46 12. The Cosmological Principle and U1.27
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 47 Go et al. 2005 Sloan Great Wall
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 48 Clowes et al. 2013
Huge LQG 200 Mpc (U1.27)
Saslaw 2008
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 49 13. State of astronomy visualisa on
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 50 S2PLOT PDFs – explora on in 3D from 2D page images – Christopher Fluke, David Barnes et al.
h p:astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/CUP/CW/6dF_sample.pdf
Download the pdf file above, and open it in Adobe Reader version 8.0 or higher. Mouse clicking on the panels will allow interac on with a 3D representa on of the survey data.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 51 CAVE2 – Immersive 3D visualisa on
Extract from “Sun's Lost Sibling," by Dr Graham Phillips, aired on ABC TV on 2015 March 3, and features the Monash CAVE2 as a backdrop for interview segments with Monash University astrophysicist Dr Daniel Price.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN Credit: Catalyst, Monash University 52 Video – Cosmic Flows
From h p://irfu.cea.fr/cosmography
"Cosmography of the Local Universe", H.M. Courtois et al., 2013, The Astronomical Journal, 146, 69
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 53 IMAX Hidden Universe 3D
h p://hiddenuniversemovie.com
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 54 3D printable models
Curiosity rover landing spot
h p://nasa3d.arc.nasa.gov/models
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 55 14. Willem de Si er , dark energy and emu dust
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 56 Willem de Si er (1872-1934)
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 57 de Si er space
R(t) ~ eHt
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 58 Anatoly Klypin/New Mexico State University, Joel Primack/UC Santa Cruz SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 59 References
C. Abbe, 1867, On the Distribu on of the Nebulae in Space, M.N.R.A.S, 27, 257. F.W. Bessel, 1838, On the parallax of 61 Cygni, M.N.R.A.S., 4, 152. S.P. Bhavsar and E.N. Ling, 1988, Large-scale distribu on of galaxies - Filamentary structure and visual bias, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 100, 1314. A. Burl, 1995, A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Bri any, (Yale University Press, New Haven). C.V.L. Charlier, 1922, How an Infinite World May be Built Up, Ark. Math. Astr. Fys., 16, No. 22. Clowes, R.G. et al. 2013, A structure in the early Universe at z~1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology, M.N.R.A.S., 429, 2910. V. de Lapparent, M.J. Geller and J.P. Huchra, 1986, A slice of the universe, Ap. J. Le ., 302, L1. G. de Vaucouleurs, 1953, Evidence for a local supergalaxy, A. J., 58, 30. Galaxy Zoo blog h p://blog.galaxyzoo.org/2008/01/10/in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/ M.J. Geller and J.P. Huchra, 1989, Mapping the universe, Science, 246, 897.
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 60 References (contd.)
E. Halley, 1717, Considera ons on the Change of the La tudes of Some of the Principal Fixt Stars, Phil. Trans. Royal Society, 30, p736. R. Ibata et al. 2013 Nature, 493, 62. N. Kanas, 2007, Star Maps: History, Ar stry and Cartography, (Praxis, Chichester). W.E. Kunkel and S. Demers, 1976, The Magellanic Plane, Roy. Green. Obs. Bull., 182, 241. K. Land et al. 2008, Galaxy Zoo: the large-scale spin sta s cs of spiral galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, M.N.R.A.S., 388, 1686. D. Lynden-Bell, 1982, The Fornax-Leo-Sculptor system, Observatory, 102, 202. R.P. Norris and D.W. Hamacher, 2011, Astronomical symbolism in Australian Aboriginal rock art, Rock Art Research, vol. 28(1), 99. W.C. Saslaw, 2008, The Distribu on of the Galaxies - Gravita onal Clustering in Cosmology (Cambridge University Press) T. Wright, 1750, Original theory or new hypothesis of the Universe, a facsimile reprint together with the first publica on of A Theory of the Universe, 1734, introduc on and transcrip on by Michael A. Hoskin. (Reprint 1971, London: Dawsons)
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 61 Resources
S2Plot h p://astronomy.swin.edu.au/s2plot/index.php? tle=S2PLOT D.G.Barnes, C.J.Fluke, P.D.Bourke & O.T.Parry, 2006, Publica ons of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 23(2), 82-93.
Monash University CAVE2 h p://monash.edu/mivp/index.php? op on=com_content&view=ar cle&id=3&Itemid=104
Cosmic Flows h p://irfu.cea.fr/cosmography
Hidden Universe h p://hiddenuniversemovie.com
SCIENCE | TECHNOLOGY | INNOVATION | BUSINESS | DESIGN 62