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Interlinkages Between Forest Governance and Social Capital Chapter 2 Social capital in rural areas and governance of economic instruments for Non-Wood Forest Products: the case of mushrooms in Catalonia Elena Górriz Mifsud http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669188 Social capital in rural areas and governance of economic instruments for Non- Wood Forest Products: the case of mushrooms in Catalonia està subjecte a una llicència de Reconeixement 4.0 No adaptada de Creative Commons Les publicacions incloses en la tesi no estan subjectes a aquesta llicència i es mantenen sota les condicions originals. (c) 2017, Elena Górriz Mifsud DOCTORAL THESIS Social capital in rural areas and governance of economic instruments for Non-Wood Forest Products: the case of mushrooms in Catalonia Elena Górriz Mifsud Memory presented to opt for the Doctoral degree by the University of Lleida and University of Padova PhD supervisors Dr. José Antonio Bonet Dr. Laura Secco 2017 DOCTORAL THESIS Social capital in rural areas and governance of economic instruments for Non-Wood Forest Products: the case of mushrooms in Catalonia Elena Górriz Mifsud Memory presented to opt for the Doctoral degree by the University of Lleida and University of Padova Doctoral programme in Multifunctional Management of Forest Areas PhD supervisors Dr. José Antonio Bonet, Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, University of Lleida Dr. Laura Secco, Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-forestali, University of Padova 2017 ACKNOWDLEGEMENTS /AGRADECIMIENTOS How your network helps you in achieving your personal projects has been evident in the attainment of this thesis. Conceptualising the doctoral work as an initiation, I had the pleasure to be embedded in a wide, demanding and heartening “tribe”, and I’m grateful to all of them (even if not all listed down below). I’m indebted to my directors Laura Secco and José Antonio Bonet for sharing and channelling my enthusiasm, for their scientific guidance and their constructive approach during the process. I’m also thankful to Elena Pisani and Riccardo Da Re for the inspiring conversations together and their backups. I have to express my gratitude as well to Irina Prokofieva and Elsa Varela for accompanying in the process, and especially for their valuable comments on the first paper. Thanks also to Valentino for putting light in the econometrics world and to Marko Lovric for initial insights on the questionnaire development. Special thanks also to Enrico Vidale for transmitting the passion for the fungal world as well as for pushing always towards the practical side of life. Gràcies also to Sara Sánchez for introducing me to the mushroom picking world. Grazie mille as well to Alessandro Leonardi and to Chiara Carletto for the stimulating talks while hosting me in Padova. And big thank you to the TESAF team, which has nicely adopted me during these years. Social learning stems from sharing experiences, and this entails devoting time and interest. This is what my interviewees have bestowed to me, being mushroom pickers, members of the Poblet governing body or private forest owners. I am profoundly grateful to Anton Vallvey and Xavi Buqueres for the always open doors to Poblet and for facilitating the field work. Thanks also to Juan Martínez de Aragón for his help and his contagious impetus to the (Catalan and beyond) mushroom world. Thanks to my friends and colleagues who have more or less closely followed the process, encouraging (Cris, Auro, Elo, Pilar, Sarah, Inazio), pushing (Toni) and accompanying me to the mountains to make a neuronal break (Elsa, Marta, Anita). Not least, thanks also to my parents and brother for their incombustible support. Valbona, Teruel, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………..……..…………………iv RESUMEN . ……………………………………………………………………………..………..…….vi RIASSUNTO..................................... .......................................................................... …viii RESUM………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..x 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 13 Objectives of the thesis and structure ...................................................................... 18 References ............................................................................................................................. 22 2. Exploring the interlinkages between Governance and Social Capital: a dynamic model for forestry ................................................................. 25 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 29 2.2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 32 2.3. Governance and social capital links: state of the art in forestry ........... 33 2.4. Two core concepts for bridging forest governance and SC .................... 37 2.5. A dynamic model representing the interlinkages between governance and social capital in forestry .............................................. 44 2.6. Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 56 2.7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 58 References ............................................................................................................................. 61 3. Structural social capital and local-level forest governance: do they inter-relate? A mushroom permit case in Catalonia ...................................... 69 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 73 3.2. Structural social capital during the policy cycle .......................................... 75 3.3. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 80 3.4. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................ 88 i 3.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 101 References .......................................................................................................................... 104 Appendix A3 ...................................................................................................................... 108 4. Building on relational social capital for governing mushroom resources: community enforcement and trust among pickers ............... 115 4.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 119 4.2. Theoretical background....................................................................................... 121 4.3. Analytical framework ........................................................................................... 123 4.4. Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 124 4.5. Results ......................................................................................................................... 128 4.6. Discussion .................................................................................................................. 135 4.7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 139 References .......................................................................................................................... 141 Appendix A4 ...................................................................................................................... 144 5. Cognitive social capital and local forest governance: community ethnomycology grounding a picking permit .................................................. 151 5.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 155 5.2. Theoretical background....................................................................................... 157 5.3. Analytical framework ........................................................................................... 159 5.4. Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 160 5.5. Results and Discussion ......................................................................................... 163 5.6. Discussion: intertwining forest governance with cognitive SC.......... 175 5.7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 177 References .......................................................................................................................... 179 Appendix A5 ...................................................................................................................... 182 ii 6. What to do with mushroom pickers in my forest? Policy tools from the landowners’ perspective ................................................................................ 189 6.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 193 6.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 195
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