Palladio and the Legacy of Vitruvius PROVIDENCE COLLEGE 13
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Symmetry As an Aesthetic Factor
Comp. & Maths. with Appls, Vol. 12B, Nos. I/2, pp. 77-82. 1986 0886-9561/86 $3,1)0+ .00 Printed in Great Britain. © 1986 Pergamon Press Ltd. SYMMETRY AS AN AESTHETIC FACTOR HAROLD OSBORNEt Kreutzstrasse 12, 8640 Rappersvill SG, Switzerland Abstract--In classical antiquity symmetry meant commensurability and was believed to constitute a canon of beauty in nature as in art. This intellectualist conception of beauty persisted through the Middle Ages with the addition doctrine that the phenomenal world manifests an imperfect replica of the ideal symmetry of divine Creation. The concept of the Golden Section came to the fore at the Renaissance and has continued as a minority interest both for organic nature and for fine art. The modern idea of symmetry is based more loosely upon the balance of shapes or magnitudes and corresponds to a change from an intellectual to a perceptual attitude towards aesthetic experience. None of these theories of symmetry has turned out to be a principle by following which aesthetically satisfying works of art can be mechanically constructed. In contemporary theory the vaguer notion of organic unity has usurped the prominence formerly enjoyed by that of balanced symmetry. From classical antiquity the idea of symmetry in close conjunction with that of proportion dominated the studio practice of artists and the thinking of theorists. Symmetry was asserted to be the key to perfection in nature as in art. But the traditional concept was radically different from what we understand by symmetry today--so different that "symmetry" can no longer be regarded as a correct translation of the Greek word symmetria from which it derives--and some acquaintance with the historical background of these ideas is essential in order to escape from the imbroglio of confusion which has resulted from the widespread conflation of the two. -
Leon Battista Alberti and the Homogeneity of Space Author(S): Branko Mitrović Source: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol
Leon Battista Alberti and the Homogeneity of Space Author(s): Branko Mitrović Source: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 63, No. 4 (Dec., 2004), pp. 424- 439 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Society of Architectural Historians Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128013 . Accessed: 10/02/2014 11:35 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and Society of Architectural Historians are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 64.9.76.165 on Mon, 10 Feb 2014 11:35:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Leon Battista Alberti and the Homogeneityof Space BRANKO MITROVIC Unitec Instituteof Technology He thought, with most people, that everything is somewhere the historyof the visualarts, the processwhereby the under- and in place. If this is its nature, the power of place must be a standing of space as homogenous came about. He believed marvelous thing, and be priorto all other things. For that with- that the conception of space as homogenous and systematic out which nothing else can exist, while it can exist without the arose shortly before the discoveryof the geometricalcon- others, must needs be first; for place does not pass out of exis- struction of perspective.4In later years, a position similar tence when the things in it are annihilated. -
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti Beauty and Representation QUATTROCENTO = 1400s CINQUECENTO = 1500s SEICENTO = 1600s ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM ITALIAN RENAISSANCE + Developed during the 14th-15th centuries as a critical reaction to medieval scholastic HUMANISM education. + Emphasizes the agency of human beings,part- icularly through what is understood today as the “humanities.” If during the middle ages, ART was sub- servient to gods and kings... If during the middle ages, ART was sub- servient to gods and kings... during the Renaissance, it would acquire a measure of autonomy and be increasingly seen as a mirror of (social) reality. Massacio, Trinita, 1428 Leon Battista Alberti Leon Battista Alberti DE PICTURA (1435) Leon Battista Alberti DE RE AEDIFICATORIA (1452) (THE ART OF BUILDING IN TEN BOOKS) It grieved me that so many great and noble Instructions of ancient Authors should be lost by the Injury of Time, so that scarce any but Vitruvius has escaped this general Wreck: A writer indeed of universal Knowledge, but so maimed by Age, that in many Places there are great Chasms, and many ings imperfect in others. Besides this, his Style is absolutely void of all Ornaments, and he wrote in such a Manner, that to the Latins he seems to write Greek, and to the Greeks, Latin: But indeed it is plain from the book itself, that he wrote neither Greek nor Latin, and he might almost as well have never wrote at all, at least with Regard to us, since we cannot understand him. Leon Battista Alberti Hey Vitruvius, what language are you -
The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, in Ten Books
www.e-rara.ch The architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, in ten books Vitruvius London, 1826 Bibliothek Werner Oechslin Shelf Mark: A04a ; app. 851 Persistent Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-19442 Life of Vitruvius. www.e-rara.ch Die Plattform e-rara.ch macht die in Schweizer Bibliotheken vorhandenen Drucke online verfügbar. Das Spektrum reicht von Büchern über Karten bis zu illustrierten Materialien – von den Anfängen des Buchdrucks bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. e-rara.ch provides online access to rare books available in Swiss libraries. The holdings extend from books and maps to illustrated material – from the beginnings of printing to the 20th century. e-rara.ch met en ligne des reproductions numériques d’imprimés conservés dans les bibliothèques de Suisse. L’éventail va des livres aux documents iconographiques en passant par les cartes – des débuts de l’imprimerie jusqu’au 20e siècle. e-rara.ch mette a disposizione in rete le edizioni antiche conservate nelle biblioteche svizzere. La collezione comprende libri, carte geografiche e materiale illustrato che risalgono agli inizi della tipografia fino ad arrivare al XX secolo. Nutzungsbedingungen Dieses Digitalisat kann kostenfrei heruntergeladen werden. Die Lizenzierungsart und die Nutzungsbedingungen sind individuell zu jedem Dokument in den Titelinformationen angegeben. Für weitere Informationen siehe auch [Link] Terms of Use This digital copy can be downloaded free of charge. The type of licensing and the terms of use are indicated in the title information for each document individually. For further information please refer to the terms of use on [Link] Conditions d'utilisation Ce document numérique peut être téléchargé gratuitement. -
Ancient Battles Guido Beltramini
Ancient Battles Guido Beltramini In 1575 Palladio published an illustrated Italian edition of Julius Caesar’s Commentaries. Five years later, his death halted the publication of Polybius’ Histories, which included forty-three engravings showing armies deployed at various battles: from Cannae to Zamas, Mantinea and Cynoscephalae. At the height of his career, Palladio invested time, energy and money into two publishing ventures far removed from architecture. In fact the two publications were part of a world of military matters which had attracted Palladio’s interest since his youth, when it formed an integral part of his education undertaken by Giangiorgio Trissino. As John Hale has shown, sixteenth-century Venice was one of the most active centres in Europe for military publications dealing with matters such as fortifications, tactics, artillery, fencing and even medicine. The distinguishing element in the Venetian production of such books was the widespread belief in the importance of the example of the Classical Greek and Roman writers, shared by men of letters and professional soldiers. This was combined with particular care shown towards the reader. The books were supplemented with tables of contents, indices, marginal notes and even accompanied by the publication of compendia illustrating the texts, such as the series entitled Gioie (‘Gems’) which Gabriele Giolito published from 1557 to 1570 (Hale 1980, pp. 257-268). Fig 1: Valerio Chiericati, manuscript of Della Many of the leading players in this milieu were linked to Trissino, albeit Milizia. Venice, Museo Correr, MS 883 in different ways: cultivated soldiers like Giovan Jacopo Leonardi, the Vicentine Valerio Chiericati (fig. -
The Nonstop Record
Admissions As administrative coordinator of the bold and to make courageous choices.” by Ed M. Koziarski three-person executive collective that “They realize that this is more oversees Nonstop, Eklund-Leen is re- than just a temporary bridge between he Nonstop Liberal Arts Insti- sponsible for admissions. the Antioch-of-the-past and the An- tute begins holding classes Sept. “Scott’s estimate of 80 is as tioch-of-the-future,” Kay continued, T4 with the entire village of Yel- good as any, and we have discussed a “but a groundbreaking educational low Springs as its campus. 22 faculty range between 50 and 100” students,” venture that can offer them much more are continuing from Antioch College, Eklund-Leen said. than they could expect from a tradi- offering a curriculum that retains ma- At press time Nonstop was in tional college: experiential learning in jor elements from recent years at the the process of hiring a recruitment fa- its most radical sense, the unique op- college while taking a number of in- cilitator whose position would be dedi- portunity to be part of the construction novative new steps. cated to this endeavor. Eklund-Leen of your own education, participation in But what of the students? Who said that absence of that position has a genuine academic community under will come to a school that lacks accred- “slowed down our efforts” to date. shared governance, and the knowledge itation or the ability to confer degrees? Jeanne Kay, a continuing stu- that by being part of Nonstop, they Nonstop professor Scott War- dent who sits on Nonstop’s governing are participating in a social movement ren told the Associated Press July 11 council ExCil, has been answering in- with a broad political scope. -
1. World Heritage Property Data
Periodic Report - Second Cycle Section II-City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto 1. World Heritage Property Data Villa Forni Cerato, 45.653 / 11.561 2.23 0 2.23 1996 Montecchio Precalcino , 1.1 - Name of World Heritage Property Province of Vicenza , Veneto City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto Region , Italy Comment Villa Godi 45.746 / 11.529 4.66 0 4.66 1996 Committee Decision 20COM VIIC: The name of the property Malinverni, Lonedo di Lugo was changed to “The City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas Vicentino , of the Veneto” . (Note: "The") Province of Vicenza , Veneto Region , Italy 1.2 - World Heritage Property Details Villa Pisani Ferri, 45.359 / 11.369 1.6 0 1.6 1996 State(s) Party(ies) Bagnolo di Lonigo , Province Italy of Vicenza , Veneto Region , Type of Property Italy cultural Villa Pojana, 45.282 / 11.501 6.14 0 6.14 1996 Identification Number Poiana Maggiore , 712bis Province of Vicenza , Veneto Year of inscription on the World Heritage List Region , Italy 1994, 1996 Villa Saraceno, 45.311 / 11.587 0.59 0 0.59 1996 Agugliaro , Province of 1.3 - Geographic Information Table Vicenza , Veneto Name Coordinates Property Buffer Total Inscription Region , Italy (latitude/longitude) (ha) zone (ha) year Villa Thiene, 45.573 / 11.63 0.38 0 0.38 1996 (ha) Quinto Vicentino , 0 / 0 ? ? ? Province of Vicenza , Veneto 0 / 0 ? ? ? Region , Italy City of Vicenza 45.549 / 11.549 218 0 218 1994 Villa Trissino, 45.428 / 11.414 3.78 0 3.78 1996 (including 23 Sarego , Province buildings of Vicenza , constructed -
Simple Rules for Incorporating Design Art Into Penrose and Fractal Tiles
Bridges 2012: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture Simple Rules for Incorporating Design Art into Penrose and Fractal Tiles San Le SLFFEA.com [email protected] Abstract Incorporating designs into the tiles that form tessellations presents an interesting challenge for artists. Creating a viable M.C. Escher-like image that works esthetically as well as functionally requires resolving incongruencies at a tile’s edge while constrained by its shape. Escher was the most well known practitioner in this style of mathematical visualization, but there are significant mathematical objects to which he never applied his artistry including Penrose Tilings and fractals. In this paper, we show that the rules of creating a traditional tile extend to these objects as well. To illustrate the versatility of tiling art, images were created with multiple figures and negative space leading to patterns distinct from the work of others. 1 1 Introduction M.C. Escher was the most prominent artist working with tessellations and space filling. Forty years after his death, his creations are still foremost in people’s minds in the field of tiling art. One of the reasons Escher continues to hold such a monopoly in this specialty are the unique challenges that come with creating Escher type designs inside a tessellation[15]. When an image is drawn into a tile and extends to the tile’s edge, it introduces incongruencies which are resolved by continuously aligning and refining the image. This is particularly true when the image consists of the lizards, fish, angels, etc. which populated Escher’s tilings because they do not have the 4-fold rotational symmetry that would make it possible to arbitrarily rotate the image ± 90, 180 degrees and have all the pieces fit[9]. -
Palladio's Influence in America
Palladio’s Influence In America Calder Loth, Senior Architectural Historian, Virginia Department of Historic Resources 2008 marks the 500th anniversary of Palladio’s birth. We might ask why Americans should consider this to be a cause for celebration. Why should we be concerned about an Italian architect who lived so long ago and far away? As we shall see, however, this architect, whom the average American has never heard of, has had a profound impact on the architectural image of our country, even the city of Baltimore. But before we investigate his influence we should briefly explain what Palladio’s career involved. Palladio, of course, designed many outstanding buildings, but until the twentieth century few Americans ever saw any of Palladio’s works firsthand. From our standpoint, Palladio’s most important achievement was writing about architecture. His seminal publication, I Quattro Libri dell’ Architettura or The Four Books on Architecture, was perhaps the most influential treatise on architecture ever written. Much of the material in that work was the result of Palladio’s extensive study of the ruins of ancient Roman buildings. This effort was part of the Italian Renaissance movement: the rediscovery of the civilization of ancient Rome—its arts, literature, science, and architecture. Palladio was by no means the only architect of his time to undertake such a study and produce a publication about it. Nevertheless, Palladio’s drawings and text were far more engaging, comprehendible, informative, and useful than similar efforts by contemporaries. As with most Renaissance-period architectural treatises, Palladio illustrated and described how to delineate and construct the five orders—the five principal types of ancient columns and their entablatures. -
Leonardo Universal
Leonardo Universal DE DIVINA PROPORTIONE Pacioli, legendary mathematician, introduced the linear perspective and the mixture of colors, representing the human body and its proportions and extrapolating this knowledge to architecture. Luca Pacioli demonstrating one of Euclid’s theorems (Jacobo de’Barbari, 1495) D e Divina Proportione is a holy expression commonly outstanding work and icon of the Italian Renaissance. used in the past to refer to what we nowadays call Leonardo, who was deeply interested in nature and art the golden section, which is the mathematic module mathematics, worked with Pacioli, the author of the through which any amount can be divided in two text, and was a determined spreader of perspectives uneven parts, so that the ratio between the smallest and proportions, including Phi in many of his works, part and the largest one is the same as that between such as The Last Supper, created at the same time as the largest and the full amount. It is divine for its the illustrations of the present manuscript, the Mona being unique, and triune, as it links three elements. Lisa, whose face hides a perfect golden rectangle and The fusion of art and science, and the completion of the Uomo Vitruviano, a deep study on the human 60 full-page illustrations by the preeminent genius figure where da Vinci proves that all the main body of the time, Leonardo da Vinci, make it the most parts were related to the golden ratio. Luca Pacioli credits that Leonardo da Vinci made the illustrations of the geometric bodies with quill, ink and watercolor. -
FACTS Standards
FACTS Standards INTERNATIONAL STANDARD GUIDE FRM-400 Addopted-1997 Using The Goldenmean For Proportional Divisions In Decorative Standards-1998 Matting Revised-1999 Revised-2000 FACTS publishes this document as a public service. Its use is voluntary, and all results obtained by its use must be entirely the responsibility of the user. This document is subject to revision, change and/or withdrawal at any time. © FACTS 2000 1.00 Design (defined) To plan out in systematic, usually graphic form: To create or contrive for a particular purpose or effect: To create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner. 1.01 Everything can be called a design, but to achieve good design the particular purpose must be clear. 1.02 When designing for the framing of artwork art the purpose is " create a surrounding to complement with out distraction". 1.03 When designing for wall decor the latitude is greater, the purpose may be to create a greater interest, make a color or size statement, brighten a drab corner or create something everyone will ask about. 1.04 The Golden Mean provides a formula for the pleasing division of space. 2.00 The Golden Mean (divine proportion) 2.01 In about 300 BC a mathematician by the name of Euclid established a formula that also occurs in nature, when applied to an area that area can be divided into visually balanced unequal proportions that were visually pleasing to the eye. 2.02 In the 1st century BC Vitruvius, a Roman architect of c.90-c.20 BC, wrote De Architectura or the "Ten Books" documenting Roman and Greek architectural history and building practices. -
Mannerism COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969
ABPL 702835 Post-Renaissance Architecture Mannerism COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 Warning This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Melbourne pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. do not remove this notice perfection & reaction Tempietto di S Pietro in Montorio, Rome, by Donato Bramante, 1502-6 Brian Lewis Canonica of S Ambrogio, Milan, by Bramante, from 1492 details of the loggia with the tree trunk column Philip Goad Palazzo Medici, Florence, by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 1444-59 Pru Sanderson Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara, by Biagio Rossetti, 1493 Pru Sanderson Porta Nuova, Palermo, 1535 Lewis, Architectura, p 152 Por ta Nuova, Pa lermo, Sic ily, 1535 Miles Lewis Porta Nuova, details Miles Lewis the essence of MiMannerism Mannerist tendencies exaggerating el ement s distorting elements breaking rules of arrangement joking using obscure classical precedents over-refining inventing free compositions abtbstrac ting c lass ica lfl forms suggesting primitiveness suggesting incompleteness suggesting imprisonment suggesting pent-up forces suggesting structural failure ABSTRACTION OF THE ORDERS Palazzo Maccarani, Rome, by Giulio Romano, 1521 Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 239. Paolo Portoghesi Rome of the Renaissance (London 1972), pl 79 antistructuralism