Ghani Outlines Afghanistan's Path to Peace
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Lebanon's Uprising
Lebanon’s Uprising Human Rights Violations Throughout a Year of Demonstrations 25 November 2020 Centre Libanais des Droits Humains THIS STUDY IS SUPPORTED BY THE EMBASSY OF THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS IN BEIRUT AS PART OF THE RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO ADDRESS THE SYRIAN CRISIS AS WELL AS TORTURE IN LEBANON PROJECT. This document has been produced with the support and financial assistance of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Beirut. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of The Lebanese Center for Human Rights and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Beirut. 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms 4 List of Tables and Charts 5 Introduction 6 About CLDH 6 1. Section One: Objectives and Background 8 1.1 Objectives of the report 8 1.2 International and Domestic Legal Framework 8 1.2.1 The UDHR and ICCPR 8 1.2.2 Human Rights Obligations 9 1.3 The Lebanese Political Uprising 15 1.3.1 October 17, 2019 15 1.3.2 Timeline of Protests, Harms, and Political Events 15 2. Section Two: Methodology 16 2.1 Literature Review 16 2.2 Survey 16 2.3 Key Informant Interviews 17 2.4 Mini Group Discussions 18 2.5 Limitations 18 3. Section Three: Findings 19 3.1 Human Rights Violations 19 3.1.1 Individual Case Examples of Rights Violations 19 3.1.2 General Human Rights Violations 22 Arbitrary Arrest and Detention 22 Enforced Disappearance 22 Equal Application of the Law/Non-discrimination 23 Excessive Use of Force 23 Freedom of Assembly, Opinion and Expression 24 Torture 26 Right to Life 27 Right to a Remedy 27 3.1.3 Legal Responsibilities of Police Forces 27 2 3.2 Violent Events and Political Factors 29 3.2.1 How Civil Society Organizations Can Address Violent Events 29 3.2.2 Opinions and Perceptions of Violent Events 29 3.3 Public knowledge and understanding of human rights 31 3.4 Perceptions of the Uprising 38 3.4.1 Perception of Survey Respondents 38 3.4.2 Perception of Key informants and MGD Participants 39 3.5 Human Rights Abuses After the Port of Beirut Explosion 41 4. -
The Daily Star 13-3-2020 IMF Urges Lebanon to Quickly Enact Economic Reforms Hussein Dakroub| BEIRUT: Lebanon Should Act Quickl
The Daily Star 13-3-2020 IMF urges Lebanon to quickly enact economic reforms Hussein Dakroub| BEIRUT: Lebanon should act quickly to implement reforms to stabilize the country's ailing economy, the International Monetary Fund said Thursday, in the international community’s latest call on the government to move ahead with enacting long-delayed reform measures. The IMF’s call came days after Prime Minister Hassan Diab suspended payment of $1.2 billion Eurobonds that matured Monday and is seeking debt restructuring with foreign creditors because of dwindling foreign currency reserves held by the Central Bank. This is the first time in Lebanon’s history a government decides to default on the payment of its outstanding debts. "Given the severity of economic conditions in Lebanon, it's important that the government designs and implements promptly a comprehensive package of reforms to effectively address the economic challenges and improve Lebanon's economic prospects," IMF spokesman Gerry Rice told reporters in Washington. While the country has not requested aid from the Washington-based crisis lender, "We stand ready ... to assist the authorities in those efforts,” AFP quoted Rice as saying. Lebanon's debt, which has exceeded $90 billion, long among the largest in the world, is now equivalent to nearly 170 percent of its gross domestic product. The Lebanese pound has lost more than 40 percent of its value on a parallel market relative to the official exchange rate pegged at 1,507.5 pounds to the dollar, which is still used for the purchase of fuel, wheat and medicine. Amid a dollar liquidity crunch and a weak Lebanese pound, prices have risen, many businesses have been forced to close and banks have imposed crippling capital controls on cash withdrawals and transfers. -
Hezbollah's Influence in Lebanon
Hezbollah’s Influence in Lebanon July 2021 Hezbollah’s Influence in Lebanon (Source: Wikimedia Commons) Executive Summary Hezbollah has evolved significantly from its origins as a guerilla group in the early 1980s into a major political and military force. In defiance of U.N. resolutions and international agreements demanding its disarmament, Hezbollah has used its military strength, political power, and grassroots popularity to integrate itself into Lebanese society. Hezbollah has also created its own educational and social institutions that run parallel to the Lebanese state. As a result of these efforts, Hezbollah today wields significant influence across Lebanon’s various sectors. As head of Lebanon’s pro-Syrian parliamentary bloc, Hezbollah wields tremendous sway over the direction and stability of the government. The Hezbollah-led parliamentary coalition— referred to as March 8—has held 57 of Lebanon’s 128 parliamentary seats since the 2009 elections. After Lebanon elected Hezbollah ally Michel Aoun to the presidency in October 2016, March 8 received 17 of 30 cabinet positions, thus cementing Hezbollah’s continued influence in the country. Meanwhile, Hezbollah’s military entanglements in Syria and with Israel risk drawing all of Lebanon into regional conflicts. Although the United Nations has tasked Lebanon’s military with supervising Hezbollah’s disarmament, Hezbollah has managed to build up its military capabilities and presence in Lebanon under the watchful gaze of the Lebanese army. Hezbollah and the Lebanese military have also coordinated against Syrian rebel groups. Hezbollah has also created its own parallel institutions within Lebanon’s educational, social, and economic sectors. Hezbollah-run schools indoctrinate Shiite youth while its network of social 1 services provide Shiite citizens with health care, utilities, groceries, and construction services. -
Lebanon 2020 Human Rights Report
LEBANON 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lebanon is a parliamentary republic based on the 1943 National Pact, which apportions governmental authority among a Maronite Christian president, a Shia speaker of the Chamber of Deputies (parliament), and a Sunni prime minister. The law officially recognizes 18 religious sects or confessions. In 2016 parliament elected Michel Aoun to the presidency, ending more than two years of political deadlock. Following the 2017 passage of the new electoral law, the government held parliamentary elections in 2018 after parliament had extended its legal term three times between 2013 and 2017. The elections were peaceful and considered generally free and fair. Following weeks of mass protests, then prime minister Saad Hariri resigned in October 2019, and a new government under Prime Minister Hassan Diab was formed on January 22. After a devastating explosion on August 4 at the Port of Beirut killed more than 200 persons and injured more than 6,500 others, triggering another wave of street protests, Diab resigned August 10. On August 31, Mustapha Adib was designated prime minister, but on September 26, he resigned after failing to form a cabinet. On October 22, former prime minister Saad Hariri was again designated as prime minister to form a new cabinet, but the government formation process continued at year’s end. The Internal Security Forces, under the Ministry of Interior, are responsible for law enforcement. The Directorate of General Security, also under the Ministry of Interior, is responsible for border control but also exercises some domestic security responsibilities. The Lebanese Armed Forces, under the Ministry of Defense, are responsible for external security but are authorized to arrest and detain suspects on national security grounds.